Bruce Edwards Ivins - Knowledge (XXG)

1084:, the director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center and a Kappa Kappa Gamma member who was a colleague of Ivins at the University of North Carolina when he was a post-doctoral fellow, later recounted to the New York Times a series of intrusive and unsettling interactions with Ivins in the late 1970s and 80s, claiming that "he damaged my property, he impersonated me and he stalked me". A United States government investigative panel, called the Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel, issued a report in March 2011 which described in more detail Ivins' obsession with the sorority and his alleged violations of Haigwood, which included stealing a notebook documenting her doctoral research and vandalizing her residence. Such behavior does not appear to have been anomalous for Ivins, who himself admitted to FBI investigators that he once drove through the night to 948:(NAS) panel on April 22, 2010, that he considered it impossible that Ivins could have produced the anthrax used in the attacks without detection. Heine told the 16-member panel that producing the quantity of spores in the letters would have taken at least a year of intensive work using the equipment at the USAMRIID laboratory. Such an effort would not have escaped colleagues' notice, and laboratory technicians who worked closely with Ivins have told him they saw no such work. Heine also stated that if biological containment measures where Ivins worked were inadequate to prevent the spores from floating out of the laboratory into animal cages and offices, saying "You'd have had dead animals or dead people". 834:, a microbiologist who led the United Nations' biological weapons inspections of Iraq, wrote that the anthrax used could not have come from the lab where Ivins worked. "In my opinion, there are maybe four or five people in the whole country who might be able to make this stuff, and I'm one of them," said Spertzel, who was also the former deputy commander of USAMRIID. "And even with a good lab and staff to help run it, it might take me a year to come up with a product as good." The spores in the Daschle letter were 1.5 to 3 micrometres across, many times smaller than the finest known grade of anthrax produced by either the U.S. or 345: 619: 44: 610:" were found in the anthrax samples, and that this was the chemical signature of Iraqi-made anthrax. However, it was later confirmed that no bentonite was ever found in the anthrax samples. While it is presumed that Ivins was one of ABC News' four sources, ABC refused to reveal their identities, which has contributed to a mystery surrounding Ivins' role in the initial investigation and its widely reported findings. 765:

frame his co-workers, had immunized himself against anthrax in early September 2001, was one of more than 100 people with access to the same strain of anthrax used in the killings, and had used similar language in an email to that in one of the anthrax mailings. Ivins was also reportedly upset that the anthrax vaccine that he had spent years helping develop was being pulled from the market.

332:(NAS) to review its scientific work on the case. On May 15, 2011, the panel released its findings, which "conclude that the bureau overstated the strength of genetic analysis linking the mailed anthrax to a supply kept by Bruce E. Ivins." The NAS committee stated that its primary finding was that "it is not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the origins of the 895:, writing that Ivins had stalked and threatened to kill her and had a long history of homicidal threats. Duley stated that she had treated Ivins for six months, after which she said he threatened to "go out in a blaze of glory". When she forwarded this information to the FBI, she said he left rants on her voicemail that blamed her for his legal issues. 952:

Ivins of the attacks, he said, was like tracing a murder to the clerk at the sporting goods shop who sold the bullets. Asked by reporters after his testimony whether he believed there was any chance that Ivins had carried out the attacks, Heine replied, "Absolutely not." At the USAMRIID, he said, "among the senior scientists, no one believes it."

793:. No autopsy was ordered following his death because, according to an officer in the local police department, the state medical examiner "determined that an autopsy wouldn't be necessary" based on laboratory test results of blood taken from the body. A summary of the police report of his death, released in 2009, lists the cause of death as 305:, commonly referred to as anthrax. On February 19, 2010, the FBI released a 92-page summary of evidence against Ivins and announced that it had concluded its investigation. The FBI conclusions have been contested by many, including senior microbiologists, the widow of one of the victims, and several prominent American politicians. Senator 710: 295:(DOJ) on August 6, 2008 (eight days after Ivins' self-inflicted death), FBI and DOJ officials formally announced that the Government had concluded that Ivins was likely solely responsible for the deaths of five persons, and for the injury of dozens of others, resulting from the September–October 2001 mailings to members of 733:

others. "I think he was just psychologically exhausted by the whole process", Byrne said. "There are people who you just know are ticking bombs", Byrne said. "He was not one of them." However, Tom Ivins, who last spoke to his brother in 1985, said, "It makes sense ... he considered himself like a god."

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division of the Fort Detrick research facility, said FBI agents "hounded" Ivins by twice raiding his home and that Ivins had been hospitalized for depression earlier in the month. According to Byrne and local police, Ivins had been removed from his workplace out of fears that he might harm himself or

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by adding postexposure vaccination could greatly alleviate problems of noncompliance and side effects associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy. The value of adding vaccination to postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered in planning the public health response to bioterrorism events

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chapter of Kappa Kappa Gamma kept rush paraphernalia, initiation robes, and other property as of 2001. However, no evidence was found to place Ivins in Princeton on the day the letters were mailed. Katherine Breckinridge Graham, an advisor to KKG's Princeton chapter, stated that there was nothing to

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In December 1975, Ivins married nursing student Mary Diane Betsch (known as Diane), to whom he remained married until his death. The couple had two children. Diane Ivins was a homemaker and full time parent who also ran a daycare center out of the family's home. His wife, children, and brothers were

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Heine said he did not dispute that there was a genetic link between the spores in the letters and the anthrax in Ivins' flask, which led the FBI to conclude that Ivins had grown the spores from a sample taken from the flask. Heine pointed out that samples from the flask were widely shared. Accusing

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in which he was questioned about his possible participation in the anthrax attacks. Boyd responded by saying that the FBI now believes that Ivins used countermeasures to deceive the polygraph examiners. "There are clearly a lot of unanswered questions," said Senator Chuck Grassley, who called for a

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A coworker reportedly told Ivins that she was concerned she was exposed to anthrax spores when handling an anthrax-contaminated letter. Ivins tested the technician's desk area December 2001 and found growth that had the hallmarks of anthrax. He decontaminated her desk, computer, keypad and monitor,

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Ivins became involved in the investigation of the anthrax attacks because he was regarded as a skilled microbiologist. Starting in mid-October, he and his colleagues worked long hours testing samples to distinguish real anthrax letters from the numerous hoaxes that were sent out at this time. Ivins

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officially made a statement that Ivins was the "sole culprit" in the 2001 anthrax attacks. Taylor stated that Ivins had submitted false anthrax evidence to throw investigators off his trail, was unable to adequately explain his late laboratory working hours around the time of the attacks, tried to

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Paul Kemp, Ivins' attorney, stated that the government's case against Ivins was "not convincing." Justice Department official Dean Boyd stated that Ivins mailed anthrax to NBC in retaliation for an investigation of Ivins' laboratory's work on anthrax conducted by Gary Matsumoto, a former NBC News

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During the 2001 anthrax investigations, FBI investigators learned (in part from information provided by Ivins himself) that after college, Ivins had made uninvited visits to Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority houses at multiple universities, including the University of North Carolina, the University of

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In her July 2008 restraining order, Duley alleged that Ivins had a history of threats. She further alleged a "detailed homicidal plan" to kill his co-workers after learning he was going to be indicted on capital murder charges and stated that, upon hearing of his possible indictment, Ivins had

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A United States government investigative panel, called the Expert Behavioral Analysis Panel, issued a report in March 2011 which detailed more of Ivins' mental health issues. According to the panel's report, the Army did not examine Ivins' background adequately before clearing him to work with

998:, who was vocal in his criticism of the anthrax investigation, argued that "ther than a desire to avoid finding out who the culprit was (or to avoid having the FBI's case against Ivins subjected to scrutiny), there's no rational reason to oppose an independent investigation into this matter." 849:

While not outright rejecting the theory of Ivins' involvement, Senator Leahy said that "if he is the one who sent the letter, I do not believe in any way, shape or manner that he is the only person involved in this attack on Congress and the American people. I do not believe that at all."

842:, which costs hundreds of thousands of dollars, would be needed to verify that the target spore size had been consistently achieved. The presence of the anti-clumping additive silicon dioxide in the anthrax samples also suggests a high degree of sophistication as specialists working at 3750: 2436:

Bruce E. Ivins, had been under suspicion by some FBI agents since early 2002 when anthrax spores were found near his desk, but FBI supervisors were more focused then on another scientist, Steven Hatfill, and dismissed concerns about Ivins, federal law enforcement sources tell ABC

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A top U.S. biodefense researcher apparently committed suicide just as the Justice Department was about to file criminal charges against him in the anthrax mailings that traumatized the nation in the weeks following the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, according to a published

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Maryland, and West Virginia University, and had once stolen a sorority chapter's ritual book and cipher device. In more recent years, he made extensive online posts about Kappa Kappa Gamma using various pseudonymous handles, including edits to Knowledge (XXG) on the topic.

495:, an infectious bacterium that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Ivins often cited the 2001 anthrax attacks in his papers to bolster the significance of his research in years subsequent to the attacks. In a 2006 paper published in the prestigious journal 353: 3300:

Bruce E. Ivins, the late microbiologist suspected in the 2001 anthrax attacks, told his psychotherapist after learning he was about to be indicted that "he was going to go out in a blaze of glory, that he was going to take everybody out with him," she

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For six years, Dr. Ivins fully cooperated with that investigation, assisting the government in every way that was asked of him. He was a world-renowned and highly decorated scientist who served his country for over 33 years with the Department of the

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to a psychiatric hospital. The FBI said that during a June 5 group therapy session there, he had a conversation with a witness, during which he made a series of statements about the anthrax mailings that the FBI said could best be characterized as

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anthrax, and such clearance should not have been given. The report endorses the government's implication of Ivins: circumstantial evidence from Ivins' psychiatric history supported the conclusion that Ivins was the anthrax killer.

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Ivins is listed as a co-inventor on two patents for a genetically engineered anthrax vaccine, federal records show. Separately, Ivins also is listed as a co-inventor on an application to patent an additive for various biodefense

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A federal prosecutor declared Army biological weapons researcher Bruce Ivins the sole culprit in the 2001 anthrax attacks Wednesday, after releasing a stack of documents from a "herculean" investigation that lasted nearly seven

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Suspected anthrax mailer Bruce Ivins was a prolific contributor to research articles in the arcane field of deadly pathogens, and was named as a co-author in more than 40 studies published in scientific journals since the late

3123: 1074:, when he was rebuffed by a member of Kappa Kappa Gamma. But according to Dr. Rick Sams, a pharmacologist and former school friend, Ivins had described feelings of resentment toward women stemming from his high school years. 402:, the current events club, and the scholarship team all four years. He ran on the track and cross-country teams, worked on the yearbook and school newspaper, and was in the school choir and junior and senior class plays. 1356: 446: 249: 164: 49: 661:

After Hatfill was no longer considered a suspect, Ivins began "showing signs of serious strain". As a result of his changed behavior, he lost access to sensitive areas at his job. Ivins began being treated for

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The 2001 anthrax attacks involved the mailing of several letters proclaiming, "Death to America ... Death to Israel ... Allah is Great", and contaminated with anthrax, to the offices of U.S. Senators

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also made available a recording of the allegedly threatening calls. The newspaper characterized the messages as not being threatening but instead "the sad ramblings of a broken man who felt betrayed".

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Federal prosecutors investigating the 2001 anthrax attacks were planning to indict and seek the death penalty against a top Army microbiologist who was developing a vaccine against the deadly toxin.

325:(D-NY) all argued that Ivins was not solely responsible for the attacks. No formal charges were ever filed against Ivins for the crime, and no direct evidence of his involvement has been uncovered. 1937: 1730: 968:. On May 15, 2011, the panel released its findings, which "conclude that the bureau overstated the strength of genetic analysis linking the mailed anthrax to a supply kept by Bruce E. Ivins." 906:

of her ex-husband. The charges forced her to quit her job, and attorney costs used up her savings, according to her fiancé. In a 1999 newspaper interview, Duley described herself as a former

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written by Ivins dealing with his religious views. These were cited in the Department of Justice summary of the case against Ivins as suggesting that he may have harbored a grudge against

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Based on laboratory test results of blood taken from the body, the state medical examiner 'determined that an autopsy wouldn't be necessary' to determine the cause of death, Martyak said.

754:. However, anti-vaccine activist Meryl Nass expressed skepticism about this purported motive: "Historically, government employees do not receive these royalties: the government does." 2845: 1027:

Catholic senators Daschle and Leahy, recipients of anthrax mailings. In a letter, Ivins stated, "By blood and faith, Jews are God's chosen, and have no need for 'dialogue' with any

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would have been sought in the case. Ivins maintained his security clearance until July 10; he had been publicly critical of the laboratory's security procedures for several years.

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Results of the investigation were initially distributed to the public via ABC News, claiming "four well placed sources" had confirmed that "trace amounts of the chemical additives

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The FBI declined to comment on the situation. Ivins' attorney released a statement saying that Ivins had co-operated with the FBI's six-year investigation and was innocent.

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where anthrax spores had escaped carefully guarded rooms into the building's unprotected areas. The incident called into question the ability of USAMRIID to keep its deadly

691:"I do not have any recollection of ever have doing anything like that. As a matter of fact, I don't have no clue how to, how to make a bio-weapon and I don't want to know." 2450: 936:

and his home was raided by federal agents who confiscated ammunition and a bulletproof vest. He was released from his committal on July 24, five days before his death.

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Those who argue for Ivins' innocence say that the anthrax used in the attacks was too sophisticated to be produced by a lone researcher without relevant training.

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Duley had been set to give testimony against Ivins on August 1, 2008. Ivins, however, had no criminal record, whereas Duley had a history of convictions for

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for alleged involvement in the 2001 anthrax attacks that Ivins himself had previously assisted authorities in investigating. It was reported that the

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Last month, the Justice Department cleared Ivins' colleague, Steven Hatfill, who had been wrongly suspected in the case, and paid him $ 5.8 million.

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According to multiple former colleagues and acquaintances, as well as FBI investigators, Ivins maintained a decades-long obsession with college

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Ivins had published at least 44 scientific papers dating back to May 18, 1969. His earliest known published work pertained to the response of

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to all three children. When she discovered she was pregnant with Bruce, a pregnancy that was unplanned and unwanted, she repeatedly tried to

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wrote that Ivins stood to profit from the attacks because he was a co-inventor on two patents for a genetically engineered anthrax vaccine.

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a lawsuit he initiated for $ 5.8 million. According to ABC News, some in the FBI considered Ivins a suspect as early as 2002. FBI director

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also helped the FBI analyze the powdery material recovered from one of the anthrax-tainted envelopes sent to a U.S. senator's office in

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Knight) Ivins, and he was the youngest of three brothers. Ivins' father, a pharmacist, owned a drugstore and was active in the local

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However, several US officials said prosecutors had been closing in on Ivins and planned to seek an indictment and the death penalty.

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the child by throwing herself down a set of stairs. Ivins would eventually hear the story of his mother's attempt to abort him.

2460: 2148:"Short-course postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis combined with vaccination protects against experimental inhalational anthrax" 2047:"Response of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice and their peritoneal macrophages to the toxicity of Chlamydia psittaci elementary bodies" 285: 2966: 1805: 858:

On August 6, 2008, the FBI released a collection of emails written by Ivins. In some, Ivins describes episodes of depression,

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Vietri, N. J.; Purcell, BK; Lawler, JV; Leffel, EK; Rico, P; Gamble, CS; Twenhafel, NA; Ivins, BE; et al. (May 2006).

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Avidly interested in science, Ivins was an active participant in extracurricular activities in high school, including the

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Opening statement for Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters

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member and drug user: "Heroin. Cocaine. PCP. You name it, I did it." According to an article originally appearing in the

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changed leadership of the investigation in late 2006, and at that time Ivins became the main focus of the investigation.

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Authorities investigating the anthrax attacks found anthrax spores in a postal drop box located at 10 Nassau Street in

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It was possible, Dr. Rappaport said, that he was faking his mental ailment, in an effort to draw attention to himself.

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for which he was medicated; these are referenced in the summary of the case against Ivins. A psychiatrist engaged by

650:, considering him to be the chief suspect in the attacks. In March 2008, however, authorities exonerated Hatfill and 2272:"A Nation Challenged: The Disease. Anthrax Pervades Florida Site, and Experts See Likeness to That Sent to Senators" 3038: 3469: 3407: 2865: 2700: 3576: 1042:

Ivins' pastimes included playing keyboard at his local church, Saint John the Evangelist; he was a member of the

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Ivins, 62, committed suicide July 29. His former lawyers have said they would have won his acquittal at a trial.

980:(D-NJ), a physicist from whose district the anthrax letters were mailed, re-introduced legislation "to create a 2423: 1219: 1071: 933: 568: 415: 124: 3756: 3065: 1697: 1676: 459: 344: 3719:"'The Hot Zone: Anthrax': Daniel Dae Kim Stars in Season 2, and There Could Be More of the Anthology to Come" 2604:"Two portraits of anthrax suspect: Some say he had mild persona, brother says: He considered himself 'a god'" 2210: 380:. The family went regularly to Lebanon Presbyterian Church, although Ivins was later a Catholic parishioner. 3897: 3287: 3022: 2961: 2414: 2019: 1942: 1511: 479:(now known as Yekaterinburg), which killed at least 105 after an accidental release at a military facility. 472: 2576: 750:

licensed the vaccine and won a federal contract valued at $ 877.5 million to provide the vaccine under the

670:. On March 19, 2008, police found Ivins unconscious at his home in Frederick and sent him to the hospital. 618: 3832: 3801: 3651: 1909: 960:

The FBI asked the NAS to review the Bureau's scientific work on the case. A panel was created, chaired by

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civilian employees — for helping solve technical problems in the manufacture of anthrax vaccines.

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On the morning of July 27, 2008, Ivins was again found unconscious at his home. He was taken to

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RMR-1029, the Anthrax flask believed to have been used in the attacks, pictured in Ivins' office

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journalist. At the time, however, Matsumoto was working for ABC, not NBC. Also, Ivins passed a

434:. Ivins conducted his Ph.D. research under the supervision of Dr. Peter F. Bonventre. His 3867: 3781: 3261: 3232: 3208: 3179: 3158: 2662: 2455: 2187: 2125: 2076: 1986: 1883: 1810: 1731:"Public Briefing of National Research Council Review of Science in FBI's Anthrax Case (video)" 1713: 1327: 1322: 1260: 1067: 977: 965: 823: 761: 738: 679: 667: 663: 587: 423: 132: 2418: 3786: 3283: 3253: 3200: 2687: 2613: 2519: 2389: 2177: 2167: 2115: 2107: 2066: 2058: 2015: 1978: 1947: 1516: 1422: 1360: 1287: 1085: 929: 651: 631: 601: 210: 189: 178:

Binding, Uptake, and Expression of Diptheria [sic] Toxin in Cultured Mammalian Cells

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Henry S. Heine, a microbiologist who was Ivins' fellow researcher at the USAMRIID, told a

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band and would often compose and play songs for coworkers who were moving to new jobs.

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According to C.W. Ivins, one of his older brothers, their mother Mary was violent and

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congressional investigation into the allegations that Ivins was the anthrax killer.

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power, with a mandate to review the entire matter." Senator Chuck Grassley told

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after learning that criminal charges were likely to be filed against him by the

277: 1120:, was published. The book details Ivins' troubled history and mental problems. 1171: 1159: 1024: 961: 892: 536:. On March 14, 2003, Ivins and two of his colleagues at USAMRIID received the 528: 522: 486: 483: 442: 365: 348:

Ivins at a science fair, from the 1963 yearbook of Lebanon High School in Ohio

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Temple-Raston, Dina (August 14, 2011). "Mad Scientist Hides In Plain Sight".

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Anthrax Vaccine – posts by Meryl Nass, M.D., August 2, 2008.

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American microbiologist and vaccinologist suspected for 2001 anthrax attacks

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The Mirage Man: Bruce Ivins, the Anthrax Attacks, and America's Rush to War

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The Mirage Man: Bruce Ivins, the Anthrax Attacks, and America's Rush to War

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FBI photo of Ivins' office at USAMRIID, where the breach allegedly occurred

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Willman, David (March 23, 2011). "Report Faults Army In Anthrax Attacks".

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Carrie Johnson, Mary Beth Sheridan and William Branigin (August 6, 2008).

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and to members of the media, of several anonymous letters which contained

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indicate that any of the sorority members had anything to do with Ivins.

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In 2002, an investigation was carried out as a result of an incident at

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Carrie, Johnson; Thompson, Marilyn W.; Warrick, Joby (August 4, 2008).

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focused on different aspects of toxicity in disease-causing bacteria.

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Following the release of an NAS report in February 2011, Congressman

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all still alive at the time of his death; his parents were deceased.

171: 3766: 3075: 2928: 1392:"Officials Say Scientist Was Solely Responsible for Anthrax Attacks" 1145:, features Bruce Ivins prominently and shows him portrayed by actor 709: 503:

Shortening the duration of antibiotic postexposure prophylaxis in a

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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

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United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

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Johnson, Carrie; Del Quentin, Wilber; Eggen, Dan (August 7, 2008).

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and founder of the Frederick Jugglers. Ivins played keyboards in a

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in the mailings based on the available scientific evidence alone."

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On August 6, 2008, eight days after Ivins' self-inflicted death,

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Late in July 2008, investigators informed Ivins of his impending

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within laboratory walls seven months after the anthrax mailings.

236:; April 22, 1946 – July 29, 2008) was an American 75: 801:, citing his purchase of two bottles of Tylenol PM (containing 700:"I don't think of myself as a vicious, a, a nasty evil person." 3426: 2705: 2303: 1560:"Serious doubt cast on FBI's anthrax case against Bruce Ivans" 697:"If I found out I was involved in some way, and, and ..." 548:

Alleged involvement in 2001 anthrax attacks and investigations

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when she recorded Ivins' allegedly threatening messages. The

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The FBI's selective release of documents in the anthrax case

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were unable to duplicate this property despite 56 attempts.

688:"I can tell you I don't have it in my heart to kill anybody" 1763:"FBI lab reports on anthrax attacks suggest another miscue" 216: 368:. His parents were Thomas Randall Ivins and Mary Johnson ( 2784:"Man Suspected in Anthrax Attacks Said to Commit Suicide" 1099:, 300 feet (91 m) from a storage facility where the 516:

Ivins was a co-inventor on two United States patents for

309:(D-VT), who was among the targets in the attack, Senator 288:(FBI) for an alleged criminal connection to the attacks. 222: 3175:"Army Missed Warning Signs About Alleged Anthrax Mailer" 2811:"Scientist in Anthrax Case Said to Have Killed Himself" 2513:

Thompson, Marilyn W.; Goldstein, Amy (August 2, 2008).

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National Academy of Sciences scientific evidence review

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Jordan, Lara Jakes; Dishneau, David (August 1, 2008).

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The 2001 anthrax attack was featured in the TV series

3615:"Portrait Emerges of Anthrax Suspect's Troubled Life" 2546:"Researcher Kept Security Clearance as FBI Closed In" 1780:"Disturbing questions haunt anthrax killings inquiry" 1318:"Senators question FBI's handling of anthrax inquiry" 228: 225: 3422:"Therapist: Ivins described plot to kill colleagues" 3323:"Additional key facts re: the anthrax investigation" 2893:

Kemp, Paul F.; DeGonia, Thomas M. (August 1, 2008).

2270:

Revkin, Andrew C.; Canedy, Dana (December 5, 2001).

1965:

Hucher, N.; Decroix, B.; Daïch, A. (June 29, 2001).

1357:"Anthrax scientist commits suicide as FBI closes in" 872:

to analyze the released documents found evidence of

646:

For six years, the FBI focused its investigation on

219: 3280:"Therapist: Anthrax suspect tried to poison people" 3242:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

3189:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

3124:"In Anthrax Scientist's E-Mail, Hints of Delusions" 2846:"Details of Ivins' death released in police report" 2755:"Doubts Persist Among Anthrax Suspect's Colleagues" 1696:Alice P. Gast, chair, David A. Relman, vice chair, 1175:

May 14, 2002 Method of making a vaccine for anthrax

213: 188: 170: 160: 150: 120: 106: 83: 57: 34: 3398:"Phone messages from Bruce Ivins to his therapist" 2635:Curtiss Hanley, Delinda (September–October 2002). 2328:"From a Helper to the Suspect in the Anthrax Case" 2012:"Anthrax suspect was a prolific scientific author" 2244:"Vital unresolved anthrax questions and ABC News" 2094:Wyrick PB, Brownridge EA, Ivins BE (March 1978). 1799: 1797: 1650:"Colleague Disputes Case Against Anthrax Suspect" 1591:"Congressman presses FBI for anthrax information" 1507:"Widow of anthrax victim doubts FBI's conclusion" 1058:Obsession with sororities and stalking allegation 777:and died on July 29 from what was then called an 3782:"Anthrax Redux: Did the Feds Nab the Wrong Guy?" 3647:"FBI: Anthrax suspect Ivins obsessed with Kappa" 2782:Shane, Scott; Lichtblau, Eric (August 2, 2008). 1938:"Ivins had mild persona, but some saw dark side" 1908:Abruzzese, Sarah; Eric Lipton (August 2, 2008). 1282:Apuzzo, Matt; Dishneau, David (August 1, 2008). 728:W. Russell Byrne, a colleague who worked in the 328:The FBI subsequently requested a panel from the 3679:"Anthrax suspect's sorority obsession examined" 3470:Vital unresolved anthrax questions and ABC News 3313: 3311: 3309: 2929:"Anthrax Case Against Ivins Wasn't a Slam Dunk" 2326:Swarns, Rachel; Lipton, Eric (August 7, 2008). 501: 497:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3491:The FBI's emerging, leaking case against Ivins 3228:"Science in Ivins Case Not Ironclad, NRC Says" 2141: 2139: 1419:US District Court for the District of Columbia 489:, a type of white blood cell, to infection by 441:Ivins was a scientist for 36 years and senior 3641: 3639: 3637: 3226:Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (February 18, 2011). 1846:"A Scientist's Quiet Life Took A Darker Turn" 1608: 1606: 260:, and the person suspected by the FBI of the 8: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2207:"USAMRIID employees earn top civilian award" 694:"I can tell you, I am not a killer at heart" 614:2002 Fort Detrick anthrax containment breach 360:Bruce Ivins was born and spent his youth in 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 2839: 2837: 2515:"Scientist in anthrax case had darker side" 2419:"Anthrax Suspect Under Scrutiny Since 2002" 2299:"Timeline: How The Anthrax Terror Unfolded" 1709:"Anthrax panel led by Gast releases report" 1284:"U.S. wanted death penalty in anthrax case" 538:Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service 457:for 18 years. After conducting research on 364:, about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of 3751:Google Scholar Bruce E. Ivins publications 3039:"Leahy: Anthrax Suspect Did Not Act Alone" 1741:on July 17, 2011 – via TV Worldwide. 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1584: 1582: 1143:The Anthrax Attacks: In the Shadow of 9/11 42: 31: 3173:Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit (April 1, 2011). 2386:"Anthrax Scientist Reported to Kill Self" 2352: 2350: 2181: 2171: 2119: 2070: 1878:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 467:, in 1979, Ivins turned his attention to 3370:Heerbrandt, Katherine (August 12, 2009) 3366: 3364: 3093:"Affidavit in support of search warrant" 3037:Lara Jakes Jordan (September 17, 2008). 3016:Epstein, Edward Jay (January 24, 2010). 2957:"Bruce Ivins Wasn't the Anthrax Culprit" 2642:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1538: 3573:"Ivins believed Jews were God's chosen" 2598: 2596: 2594: 2565:Gallucci-White, Gina (August 1, 2008). 2205:Vander Linden, Caree (March 19, 2003). 1903: 1901: 1899: 1806:"The Anthrax Killings: A Troubled Mind" 1184: 932:. Ivins was subsequently committed for 3567: 3565: 3087: 3085: 2734:"Government Asserts Ivins Acted Alone" 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1190: 1188: 844:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 3551:Ivins: Archived letters to the editor 3018:"The Anthrax Attacks Remain Unsolved" 2969:from the original on January 18, 2015 2045:Ivins BE, Wyrick PB (November 1978). 1844:; Nelson Hernandez (August 2, 2008). 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1316:Willman, David (September 18, 2008). 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 414:Ivins graduated with honors from the 264:. Ivins died on July 29, 2008, of an 7: 3343:Tales of Addiction, Anxiety, Ranting 2997:"FBI's Theory On Anthrax Is Doubted" 2955:Spertzel, Richard (August 5, 2008). 2844:Andyshak, Ashley (January 6, 2009). 916:on August 12, 2009, Duley was under 3774:2008 Court Documents and DOJ Report 3762:United States Department of Justice 3681:. The Oakland Press. August 5, 2008 3101:United States Department of Justice 3071:United States Department of Justice 2995:Gugliotta, Guy (October 28, 2002). 2494:. February 19, 2020. pp. 70–71 2491:United States Department of Justice 1737:. February 15, 2011. Archived from 1480:. February 19, 2010. Archived from 1477:United States Department of Justice 1210:"Obituary: Dr. Bruce Edwards Ivins" 540: — the highest award given to 473:anthrax outbreak in the Soviet city 356:Ivins as a high school senior, 1964 293:United States Department of Justice 3780:Shachtman, Noah (March 24, 2011). 3104:. October 31, 2007. Archived from 2656:Williams, David (August 2, 2008). 2483:"AMERITHRAX Investigative Summary" 2451:"Apparent suicide in anthrax case" 2357:Walker, Allison (April 16, 2008). 1936:Dishneau, David (August 2, 2008). 1746:Shane, Scott (February 15, 2011). 1469:"AMERITHRAX Investigative Summary" 1447:Joby Warrick (February 20, 2010). 1256:"Apparent suicide in anthrax case" 817:Criticism of the official findings 638:but did not notify his superiors. 25: 3863:Drug-related suicides in Maryland 3717:Hersko, Tyler (August 18, 2021). 3406:. August 12, 2009. Archived from 2449:Willman, David (August 1, 2008). 1254:Willman, David (August 1, 2008). 812:Anthrax investigation, post-death 3613:Shane, Scott (January 4, 2009). 3579:. August 4, 2008. Archived from 2209:. dcmilitary.com. Archived from 2018:. August 4, 2004. Archived from 1971:The Journal of Organic Chemistry 209: 3893:University of Cincinnati alumni 3873:People from Frederick, Maryland 3450:Dr. Doom's Long, 'Derange' Trip 3122:Lipton, Eric (August 6, 2008). 2753:Lipton, Eric (August 8, 2008). 2112:10.1128/IAI.19.3.1061-1067.1978 1804:Willman, David (May 29, 2011). 1218:. July 31, 2008. Archived from 1035:for refusing a dialogue with a 972:Calls for further investigation 884:Allegations by Ivins' counselor 567:, as well as to the offices of 512:involving inhalational anthrax. 499:, he wrote with his co-authors 286:Federal Bureau of Investigation 3883:Terrorism in the United States 1648:Scott Shane (April 23, 2010). 1613:Lengel, Allan (May 26, 2011). 1519:. May 19, 2011. Archived from 1163:November 13, 2001 Asporogenic 1141:The 2022 Netflix documentary, 1: 2897:. Venable LLP. Archived from 2063:10.1128/IAI.22.2.620-622.1978 1778:Gordon, Greg (May 19, 2011). 1761:Gordon, Greg (May 19, 2011). 1589:Gordon, Greg (May 26, 2011). 854:Allegations of mental illness 3843:American medical researchers 3802:News articles of Bruce Ivins 3757:"Amerithrax Court Documents" 3258:10.1126/science.331.6019.835 3066:"Amerithrax Court Documents" 2152:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1134:. Ivins was played by actor 946:National Academy of Sciences 891:Jean C. Duley applied for a 746:-area biotechnology company 330:National Academy of Sciences 291:At a news conference at the 3205:10.1126/science.332.6025.27 940:Statement by Henry S. Heine 900:driving under the influence 775:Frederick Memorial Hospital 321:(D-NJ), and Representative 3914: 3533:What's the answer to this? 3377:September 7, 2011, at the 595:Initial investigative role 551: 3878:People from Lebanon, Ohio 3746:PubMed Ivins BE as author 3577:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 1735:National Research Council 1702:National Research Council 198: 143: 41: 3888:Suspected serial killers 3848:American microbiologists 1072:University of Cincinnati 883: 838:bioweapons programs. An 673:In June 2008, Ivins was 416:University of Cincinnati 125:University of Cincinnati 3853:Catholics from Maryland 3023:The Wall Street Journal 2962:The Wall Street Journal 2173:10.1073/pnas.0602748103 1943:San Francisco Chronicle 1872:Willman, David (2011). 1512:The Wall Street Journal 675:involuntarily committed 430:degree in 1976, all in 317:(R-PA), Representative 3652:The Daily Princetonian 3355:April 4, 2017, at the 1954:on September 14, 2009. 934:psychiatric evaluation 928:purchased a gun and a 714: 623: 514: 426:degree in 1971, and a 396:National Honor Society 357: 349: 3659:on September 17, 2008 1681:nationalacademies.org 1558:(February 16, 2011). 1367:on September 13, 2009 1172:U.S. patent 6,387,665 1160:U.S. patent 6,316,006 1097:Princeton, New Jersey 1021:letters to the editor 1002:Interests and beliefs 982:9/11-style Commission 752:Project Bioshield Act 712: 621: 529:U.S. patent 6,387,665 523:U.S. patent 6,316,006 355: 347: 340:Early and family life 52:awards ceremony, 2003 3828:2001 anthrax attacks 1785:The Kansas City Star 1767:McClatchy Newspapers 1487:on December 28, 2013 1112:In 2011, journalist 1101:Princeton University 1019:made public several 554:2001 anthrax attacks 410:Education and career 262:2001 anthrax attacks 3858:Catholics from Ohio 3807:Frederick News-Post 3769:on August 17, 2008. 3703:The Washington Post 3583:on January 29, 2009 3556:Frederick News-Post 3403:Frederick News-Post 3384:Frederick News-Post 3348:The Washington Post 3250:2011Sci...331..835B 3197:2011Sci...332...27B 3078:on August 17, 2008. 3044:The Huffington Post 3002:The Washington Post 2851:Frederick News-Post 2739:The Washington Post 2572:Frederick News-Post 2551:The Washington Post 2463:on January 31, 2009 2364:Frederick News-Post 2213:on January 21, 2013 2164:2006PNAS..103.7813V 1851:The Washington Post 1842:Marilyn W. Thompson 1717:. February 15, 2011 1454:The Washington Post 1397:The Washington Post 1215:Frederick News-Post 1031:." Ivins praised a 991:The Washington Post 913:Frederick News-Post 840:electron microscope 832:Richard O. Spertzel 666:and expressed some 422:degree in 1968, an 378:Chamber of Commerce 205:Bruce Edwards Ivins 107:Cause of death 3776:in convenient form 3620:The New York Times 3531:(August 10, 2008) 3410:on March 13, 2012. 3372:A Shocking Mockery 3351:, August 6, 2008. 3321:(August 4, 2008). 3290:on August 14, 2008 3129:The New York Times 3111:on August 9, 2008. 2927:(August 8, 2008). 2901:on August 15, 2008 2871:The New York Times 2789:The New York Times 2760:The New York Times 2579:on August 11, 2008 2417:(August 1, 2008). 2333:The New York Times 2277:The New York Times 2242:(August 1, 2008). 1915:The New York Times 1753:The New York Times 1693:Multiple sources: 1655:The New York Times 1149:in re-enactments. 1124:In popular culture 1116:'s book on Ivins, 1090:Cornell University 1082:Dr. Nancy Haigwood 1044:American Red Cross 869:The New York Times 715: 680:non-denial denials 642:2008 investigation 624: 542:Defense Department 534:United States Army 492:Chlamydia psittaci 445:researcher at the 385:physically abusive 358: 350: 302:Bacillus anthracis 248:researcher at the 3510:(August 6, 2008) 3489:(August 5, 2008) 3468:(August 1, 2008) 3456:, August 7, 2008. 3341:Goldstein, Amy, " 3159:Los Angeles Times 2663:Los Angeles Times 2456:Los Angeles Times 2359:"What went wrong" 2022:on August 7, 2008 1983:10.1021/jo0156316 1977:(13): 4695–4703. 1889:978-0-345-53021-9 1811:Los Angeles Times 1714:Lehigh University 1620:Ticklethewire.com 1428:on August 9, 2008 1323:Los Angeles Times 1294:on August 7, 2008 1261:Los Angeles Times 1222:on August 5, 2008 1167:expression system 1068:Kappa Kappa Gamma 1046:; he was an avid 978:Rush D. Holt, Jr. 966:Lehigh University 824:lie detector test 762:Jeffrey A. Taylor 739:Los Angeles Times 668:suicidal thoughts 588:National Enquirer 202: 201: 145:Scientific career 16:(Redirected from 3905: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3770: 3765:. Archived from 3734: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3714: 3708: 3707: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3655:. Archived from 3643: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3610: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3569: 3560: 3559:. August 1, 2008 3547: 3541: 3529:Greenwald, Glenn 3526: 3520: 3508:Greenwald, Glenn 3505: 3499: 3487:Greenwald, Glenn 3484: 3478: 3466:Greenwald, Glenn 3463: 3457: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3430:. August 2, 2008 3418: 3412: 3411: 3394: 3388: 3368: 3359: 3339: 3333: 3332: 3315: 3304: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3286:. Archived from 3284:Associated Press 3276: 3270: 3269: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3153: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3136: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3110: 3097: 3089: 3080: 3079: 3074:. 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