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1473:. After some hesitation, with followers begging him not to go, Sonam Gyatso's party set out and was met at Ahrik Karpatang in Mongolia where a specially prepared camp had been set up to receive them. Thousands of animals were given to him as offerings and five hundred horsemen had been sent to escort him to Altan Khan's court. When they arrived there, they were greeted by over ten thousand people, including Altan Khan dressed in a white robe to symbolize his devotion to the
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2109:有藏文史料里记载，“明朝于万历十五年（1587年），遣使臣在内蒙，敕封索南嘉措为‘朵尔只唱’，并邀请他入京面圣。” The Tibetan historical materials recorded that "In the 15th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1587), the Ming Dynasty sent envoys to Inner Mongolia to confer the title of 'Dorjichang' on Sonam Gyatso and invited him to Beijing to meet the emperor."
2147:“朵儿只唱”图记是一枚明代象牙图章，方形印面，配以狮钮，高6.1厘米、边长5.2厘米，原收藏于西藏罗布林卡，现收藏于西藏博物馆 The "Duo'er Zhichang" seal is an ivory seal from the Ming Dynasty. It has a square seal face and a lion button. It is 6.1 cm high and 5.2 cm long. It was originally collected in the Norbulingka in Tibet and is now collected in the Tibet Museum.
1693:, p. 33: "Although the Mongolian word dalai is equivalent to the Tibetan word gyats+o, meaning 'ocean', and would therefore seem to refer to this component in the names of the Dalai Lamas (except for the first one), it was constructed in analogy to the older Mongolian title dalai-yin-qan, 'Ocean Qan'".
1509:
Sonam Gyatso's message was that the time had come for
Mongolia to embrace Buddhism, that from that time on there should be no more animal sacrifices, the images of the old gods were to be destroyed, there must be no taking of life, animal or human, military action must be given up and the immolation
1322:, only people who were of his royal lineage were allowed to rule Mongolia. This frustrated many would-be rulers who were not of this line. Altan Khan was the most destructive of these usurpers. He perceived that through the Buddhist faith he could gain legitimacy by claiming to be a reincarnation of
1455:, ruler of numerous Mongol tribes and a prince of Ming China. At the time, the Mongolians were not united under a single religion. Their practices instead consisted of superstition, indigenous religious conceptions, and shamanism. However, Sonam Gyatso was against shamanism and its idols.
1506:, Mongolia's first monastery, built, and a massive program of translating Tibetan texts into Mongolian was commenced. Within 50 years most Mongolians had become Buddhist, with tens of thousands of monks who were members of the Gelug school, loyal to the Dalai Lama.
1510:
of women on the funeral pyres of their husbands must be abolished. He also secured an edict abolishing the
Mongolian custom of blood-sacrifices. "These and many other such laws were set forth by Gyalwa Sonam Gyatso and were instituted by Altan Khan."
2097:: "In the 15th year of the Wanli reign (1587), on October 11, the foreign monk Dalai (i.e., the Dalai Lama) was allowed to be promoted to the title of 'Dorzhichang' and was still given imperial edicts and books...
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In response to Sonam Gyatso's teachings, Altan Khan conferred the title of Dalai Lama on Sonam Gyatso. Altan Khan posthumously awarded the title to his two predecessors, making Sonam Gyatso the 3rd Dalai Lama.
1435:, 1357–1419). In 1577 he invited the leader of this order, Sonam Gyatsho, to come to Mongolia and teach his people. At some point, Sonam Gyatso proclaimed Altan Khan to be the reincarnation of Kublai Khan.
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in 1569, but apparently the Dalai Lama refused to go and sent a disciple, who reported back to the Dalai Lama about the great opportunity to spread
Buddhist teachings throughout
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1579:
The Dalai Lama was again invited to meet the Ming emperor, and this time he accepted but fell ill and died in 1588, at the age of 45,) in
Mongolia while returning to Tibet.
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presented the spiritual title of Dalai Lama, in honor of Sonam Gyatso's profound teachings conferred in
Mongolia, which soon became a Tibetan Buddhist country. He founded
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Sonam Gyatso, a monk of the Gelug (Yellow Hat) school of
Tibetan Buddhism, was in a position of finding a foreign patron for the Gelug school. He established a
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who continued to diligently support
Buddhism, and two years later the 3rd Dalai Lama made another visit to Mongolia. On his way, he founded the monastery of
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in 1571, the personal monastery of all the subsequent Dalai Lamas. By 1585, he was back in
Mongolia and converted more Mongolian princes and their tribes.
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Sönam Gyatso: 16th or 17th century gilt copper portrait sculpture in the
Oriental Collections of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia:
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was a
Chinese Prince of Shunyi during the Ming Dynasty (Wang, 顺义王) of China. The spiritual title of "Dalai Lama" was derived from the Mongolian
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In October of 1587, Gyalwa Sonam Gyatso was promoted to Duǒ Er Zhǐ Chàng (朵儿只唱) by the emperor of China, and seal of authority was given.
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The alliance with the Mongolians would later prove instrumental in establishing the Gelug school as the spiritual and political leaders of
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monasteries. The 3rd Dalai Lama studied at Drepung Monastery and became its abbot. His reputation spread quickly and the monks at
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Essence of Refined Gold by the Third Dalai Lama: with related texts by the Second and Seventh Dalai Lamas
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The Dalai Lama and the Emperor of China: a political history of the Tibetan institution of reincarnation
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Altan Khan died in 1582, only four years after meeting with the 3rd Dalai Lama. According to legend,
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school, died in 1564, Sonam Gyatso presided over his funeral. His political power, and that of the
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https://web.archive.org/web/20130105184636/http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/html_En/03/hm3_5_7a.html
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Stein, R. A. (1972). Tibetan Civilization, p. 82. Stanford University Press, Stanford California.
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Stein, R. A. (1972). Tibetan Civilization, p. 81. Stanford University Press, Stanford California.
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Some sources say this first meeting between Sonam Gyatso and Altan Khan took place in
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was given a Buddha relic by the 3rd Dalai Lama to help in the spread of Buddhism.
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To others give the victory and the spoils; The loss and defeat, take upon oneself
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2222:. (1978) Translated by Glenn H. Mullin. Tushita Books, Dharamsala, H.P., India.
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1918:, p. 86. Thubten Samphel and Tendar. Roli & Janssen, New Delhi. (2004).
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Tibet: An account of the history, the religion and the people of Tibet
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2064:(2nd ed.). Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications. pp. 95, 96.
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The 3rd Dalai Lama publicly announced that he was a reincarnation of
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Tibet: An account of the history, religion and the people of Tibet
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Tibet: An account of the history, religion and the people of Tibet
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Tibet: An account of the history, religion and the people of Tibet
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When one of Tibet's regional kings, who had been supported by the
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Altan Khan chose the Gelug order of Tibetan Buddhism (founded by
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Wheel of Time Sand Mandala: Visual Scripture of Tibetan Buddhism
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1466:. In 1573 Altan Khan took some Tibetan Buddhist monks prisoner.
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1665:, pp. 171–172. Stanford University Press, Stanford California.
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Altan Khan invited Sonam Gyatso to Mongolia again and embraced
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1875:
The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet, and the Dalai Lama
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1856:, pp. 143–145. Clear Light Publishers, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
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http://www.tibetology.ac.cn/2023-11/24/content_42609192.htm
2000:
The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation,
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monastery in Eastern Tibet, as well as the small monastery
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The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation
2093:《明实录》又载：“万历十五年（1587）十月丁卯……番僧答赖（即达赖）准升‘朵儿只唱名号，仍给敕命、图书……”
1854:
The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation
1262:
and his texts still serve as the core curriculum for many
1258:, who became his tutor. Panchen Sonam Dragpa was the 15th
2002:
p. 146. Clear Light Publishers, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
1643:
The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama
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at the birthplace of the great teacher and reformer,
1488:, which was heavily populated by Mongolian peoples.
2194:
Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).
2156:
Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).
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Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).
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Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. (1968).
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1359:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1246:in 1543 and was recognised as the reincarnation of
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1877:, p. 8. (1997). University of California Press.
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1561:in either 1564 or 1565, which became known as
1495:on Sonam Gyatso, the latter gave the title of
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1303:The title "Dalai Lama" was first bestowed by
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8:
3356:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2018:
2016:
2033:"Buddha Relic was introduced to the public"
1716:. London: RoutledgeCurzon. pp. 18–19.
27:Spiritual leader of Tibet from 1578 to 1588
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1772:Shamanism: Critical Concepts in Sociology
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1458:Altan Khan first invited Sonam Gyatso to
1443:Altan Khan and the conversion of Mongolia
1419:Learn how and when to remove this message
1898:, p. 133. (2006). Blackwell Publishing.
1570:
4543:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2232:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2198:. Reprint: Touchstone Books. New York.
1746:"Mahayana Buddhism: Mongolian Buddhism"
1606:
1499:, the king of religion, to Altan Khan.
1451:or priest and patron relationship with
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4746:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2160:, p. 220. Touchstone Books, New York.
1948:, p. 219. Touchstone Books, New York.
1799:, p. 218. Touchstone Books, New York.
1553:Gyalwa Sonam Gyatso had also founded
1273:According to Sumpa Khenpo, the great
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1701:
1699:
1538:Altan Khan was succeeded by his son
1491:While Altan Khan bestowed the title
1357:adding citations to reliable sources
1270:also recognised him as their abbot.
1775:. Psychology Press. pp. 246–.
1575:Duǒ Er Zhǐ Chàng, seal of authority
4533:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
641:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
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4506:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2746:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
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1307:upon Sonam Gyatso in 1578, when
1299:Origin of the title "Dalai Lama"
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1615:"tbrc.org: dge 'dun rgya mtsho"
1344:needs additional citations for
4751:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4553:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3633:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2824:Places where the Buddha stayed
2284:tbrc.org: bsod nams rgya mtsho
1250:and subsequently enthroned at
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4766:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
1582:Altan Khan's great-grandson,
4523:Buddhism and the Roman world
4499:Decline of Buddhism in India
4494:History of Buddhism in India
2594: Topics in
1769:Andrei A. Znamenski (2003).
1645:, p. 139. Grove Press, N.Y.
1185:3rd Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso
84:1588 (aged 44–45)
34:3rd Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso
5257:16th-century Tibetan people
3721:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
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2379:Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama
1242:Sonam Gyatso was born near
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4671:The unanswerable questions
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4756:Buddhist temples in Korea
3319:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3222:Three planes of existence
2829:Buddha in world religions
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2261:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001).
2226:Schwieger, Peter (2014).
2185:Laird (2006), p. 146-147.
1998:Mullin, Glenn H. (2001).
1277:scholar, he also studied
1192:
239:
235:
194:
188:
164:
141:
137:
39:
4538:Persecution of Buddhists
3759:Four stages of awakening
3140:Three marks of existence
2726:Physical characteristics
1916:The Dalai Lamas of Tibet
1712:Alex McKay, ed. (2003).
1586:, was identified as the
1524:during the reign of the
670:Practices and attainment
658:Pointing-out instruction
569:Three marks of existence
3901:Ten principal disciples
2784:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2060:Bryant, Barry (2003) .
1315:(or Dalaiin khan) one.
4611:Buddhism and democracy
4124:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4119:Chinese Buddhist canon
3351:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3346:Early Buddhist schools
2380:
2095:Ming Veritable Records
1641:Laird, Thomas (2006).
1576:
1526:Great Fifth Dalai Lama
1039:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4621:Eight Consciousnesses
2731:Life of Buddha in art
2526:Gelug Yellow Hat sect
2378:
2022:Laird (2006), p. 146.
1935:Laird (2006), p. 144.
1894:Kapstein, Matthew K.
1873:Goldstein, Mervyn C.
1661:Stein, R. A. (1972).
1574:
1515:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa
614:Dependent origination
110:Period in office
5098:East Asian religions
4528:Buddhism in the West
4099:Early Buddhist texts
3714:Four Right Exertions
3180:Ten spiritual realms
2673:Noble Eightfold Path
1714:The history of Tibet
1663:Tibetan Civilization
1353:improve this article
1256:Panchen Sonam Dragpa
1201:bsod nams rgya mtsho
1113:History and overview
512:Samding Dorje Phagmo
377:Second dissemination
211:bsod nams rgya mtsho
18:Bsod-nams-rgya-mtsho
5221:Religion portal
4968:Temple of the Tooth
4847:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3886:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3379:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3162:Two truths doctrine
2982:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2782:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2519:List of Dalai Lamas
900:Institutional roles
339:First dissemination
5143:Western philosophy
4741:Dzong architecture
4563:Vipassana movement
4558:Buddhist modernism
3986:Emperor Wen of Sui
3754:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3687:Threefold Training
3489:Vipassana movement
3205:Hungry Ghost realm
3025:Avidyā (Ignorance)
2972:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2721:Great Renunciation
2716:Eight Great Events
2598:
2381:
1597:" — Sonam Gyatso.
1577:
1559:Phende Lekshe Ling
1318:Since the time of
1091:Tree of physiology
631:Four Tenets system
5229:
5228:
4867:Om mani padme hum
4573:Women in Buddhism
4489:Buddhist councils
4359:Western countries
4147:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3908:Shaolin Monastery
3485:Samatha-vipassanā
3095:Pratītyasamutpāda
2899:Metteyya/Maitreya
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2769:
2646:Four Noble Truths
2556:
2555:
2331:
2330:
2322:Succeeded by
2239:978-0-231-53860-2
2131:978-7-80113-884-2
2124:. 五洲传播出版社. 2001.
1904:978-0-631-22574-4
1782:978-0-415-31192-2
1750:www.buddhanet.net
1651:978-0-8021-1827-1
1563:Namgyal Monastery
1504:Thegchen Chonkhor
1429:
1428:
1421:
1403:
1252:Drepung Monastery
1229:Namgyal Monastery
1225:Lithang Monastery
1193:བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
1181:
1180:
1143:Index of articles
759:Major monasteries
717:Tantra techniques
636:Rangtong-Shentong
544:10th Panchen Lama
333:Key personalities
243:
242:
231:
230:
189:བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
173:
172:
16:(Redirected from
5264:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5206:
5046:Sacred languages
4894:Maya Devi Temple
4857:Mahabodhi Temple
4661:Secular Buddhism
4626:Engaged Buddhism
3466:
3314:Tibetan Buddhism
3265:Vietnamese Thiền
2864:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
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2305:Preceded by
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2098:
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2076:
2075:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2035:. Archived from
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2023:
2020:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1971:
1965:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1913:
1907:
1892:
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1871:
1865:
1850:Mullin, Glenn H.
1847:
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1629:
1627:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1611:
1471:Tibetan Buddhism
1424:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1368:"3rd Dalai Lama"
1361:
1337:
1329:
1221:Kumbum Monastery
1194:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1096:Festival thangka
590:
563:General Buddhist
270:
260:
259:Tibetan Buddhism
245:
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5147:
5062:
4977:
4714:Ordination hall
4675:
4577:
4548:Buddhist crisis
4460:
4157:
4109:Mahayana sutras
4085:
4081:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3912:
3785:
3725:
3675:Bodhisattva vow
3360:
3226:
3166:
3125:Taṇhā (Craving)
3060:Five hindrances
3011:
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2299:Buddhist titles
2280:
2258:
2256:Further reading
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1502:Altan Khan had
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1046:Mahayana sutras
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539:14th Dalai Lama
534:13th Dalai Lama
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436:Patrul Rinpoche
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4778:Greco-Buddhist
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4729:Burmese pagoda
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4511:Greco-Buddhism
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4503:
4502:
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4444:United Kingdom
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4389:Czech Republic
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4153:Abhidharmadīpa
4150:
4143:
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4071:B. R. Ambedkar
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4018:
4013:
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3991:Songtsen Gampo
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3670:Eight precepts
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3441:Five Strengths
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3087:
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3080:Mental factors
3077:
3072:
3067:
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3027:
3021:
3019:
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2932:Mahamoggallāna
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2847:Avalokiteśvara
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2533:Ganden Podrang
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2496:(1935–present)
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2278:External links
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1588:4th Dalai Lama
1540:Sengge Düüreng
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509:
508:
503:
502:
497:
491:
490:
485:
484:
479:
473:
472:
467:
466:
464:Rangjung Dorje
461:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
417:
416:
412:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
366:Trisong Detsen
363:
361:Songtsen Gampo
358:
353:
348:
342:
341:
336:
331:
330:
327:
326:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
281:
276:
275:
272:
271:
263:
262:
254:
253:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
221:
219:Tibetan Pinyin
215:
214:
207:
201:
200:
199:Transcriptions
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
175:
174:
171:
170:
169:Transcriptions
162:
161:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
105:Senior posting
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
78:
77:
67:
63:
59:
58:
54:
53:
52:3rd Dalai Lama
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5269:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5198:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4983:Miscellaneous
4980:
4974:
4973:Vegetarianism
4971:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Buddha in art
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:United States
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:Padmasambhava
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3918:Major figures
3915:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3864:Western tulku
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3665:Five precepts
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Dhamma vicaya
3641:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Buddhābhiṣeka
3409:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Enlightenment
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Dhamma theory
3043:
3041:
3040:Buddha-nature
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:Samantabhadra
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2540:Potala Palace
2537:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2398:
2397:Gendun Gyatso
2395:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2326:
2325:Yonten Gyatso
2317:
2316:
2309:
2308:Gendun Gyatso
2303:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2271:1-57416-092-3
2268:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2204:0-671-20559-5
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:0-671-20559-5
2171:
2167:
2166:0-671-20099-2
2163:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2084:see Note no.1
2081:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2039:on 2013-10-05
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:1-57416-092-3
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:0-8047-0901-7
1984:
1980:
1979:0-8047-0806-1
1976:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1962:0-671-20559-5
1959:
1955:
1954:0-671-20099-2
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1924:81-7436-085-9
1921:
1917:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1883:0-520-21254-1
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:1-57416-092-3
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:0-8047-0901-7
1835:
1831:
1830:0-8047-0806-1
1827:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1813:0-671-20559-5
1810:
1806:
1805:0-671-20099-2
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1762:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1723:0-7007-1508-8
1719:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:0-8047-0901-7
1676:
1672:
1671:0-8047-0806-1
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1621:on 2009-07-06
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:Yonten Gyatso
1580:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1549:
1548:Je Tsongkhapa
1545:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1423:
1420:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370: –
1369:
1365:
1364:Find sources:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1342:This article
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1313:Dalai-yin qan
1310:
1306:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Gendun Gyatso
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
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524:Je Tsongkhapa
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421:Yeshe Tsogyal
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346:Padmasambhāva
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132:Yonten Gyatso
130:
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122:Gendun Gyatso
120:
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108:
103:
100:
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93:
89:
88:Northern Yuan
83:
79:
75:
71:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
5161:Bodhisattvas
5081:Christianity
5076:Baháʼí Faith
4941:Dharmachakra
4931:Prayer wheel
4921:Prayer beads
4689:Architecture
4568:969 Movement
4352:Saudi Arabia
4330:Central Asia
4323:South Africa
4145:
4128:
4061:Panchen Lama
3966:Buddhapālita
3562:Satipatthana
3557:Mindful Yoga
3470:Recollection
3384:Brahmavihara
3255:Japanese Zen
3250:Chinese Chan
3210:Animal realm
3017:Key concepts
2839:Bodhisattvas
2651:Three Jewels
2404:
2313:
2262:
2228:
2219:
2214:Bibliography
2195:
2190:
2181:
2157:
2152:
2140:
2120:
2114:
2102:
2089:
2080:
2061:
2041:. Retrieved
2037:the original
2027:
1999:
1994:
1969:
1945:
1940:
1931:
1915:
1911:
1896:The Tibetans
1895:
1890:
1874:
1869:
1853:
1845:
1820:
1796:
1791:
1771:
1764:
1753:. Retrieved
1749:
1740:
1713:
1686:
1662:
1657:
1642:
1623:. Retrieved
1619:the original
1609:
1594:
1592:
1581:
1578:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1530:
1519:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:Lake Kokonor
1479:
1468:
1457:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1415:
1406:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1363:
1351:Please help
1346:verification
1343:
1320:Genghis Khan
1317:
1312:
1302:
1286:
1272:
1260:Ganden Tripa
1241:
1209:Soinam Gyaco
1208:
1200:
1184:
1182:
1086:Ashtamangala
1071:Sand mandala
911:Panchen Lama
878:Tashi Lhunpo
510:
431:Jigme Lingpa
351:Śāntarakṣita
225:Soinam Gyaco
178:Tibetan name
146:Chinese name
5252:Dalai Lamas
5247:1588 deaths
5242:1543 births
5006:Dharma talk
4835:Asalha Puja
4631:Eschatology
4434:Switzerland
4414:New Zealand
4342:Middle East
4251:Philippines
4171:Afghanistan
3976:Bodhidharma
3961:Buddhaghosa
3881:Householder
3791:Monasticism
3744:Bodhisattva
3599:Prostration
3552:Mindfulness
3480:Anapanasati
3463:Kammaṭṭhāna
3260:Korean Seon
3200:Asura realm
3195:Human realm
3135:Ten Fetters
3090:Parinirvana
2992:Uppalavanna
2957:Mahākaccana
2942:Mahākassapa
2874:Kṣitigarbha
2869:Ākāśagarbha
2766:Suddhodāna
2711:Four sights
2638:Foundations
2547:Norbulingka
2488:(1876–1933)
2480:(1857–1875)
2472:(1838–1856)
2464:(1816–1837)
2456:(1805–1815)
2448:(1758–1804)
2440:(1708–1757)
2432:(1683–1706)
2424:(1617–1682)
2416:(1589–1617)
2408:(1543–1588)
2400:(1475–1542)
2392:(1391–1474)
2389:Gendun Drup
2365:Dalai Lamas
1409:August 2024
1324:Kublai Khan
1284:doctrines.
805:Mindrolling
602:Bodhisattva
404:Sukhasiddhi
394:Abhayakirti
118:Predecessor
5236:Categories
5123:Psychology
5103:Gnosticism
5091:Comparison
5086:Influences
5068:Comparison
4951:Bhavacakra
4909:Kushinagar
4884:Pilgrimage
4830:Māgha Pūjā
4785:Bodhi Tree
4601:Buddhology
4591:Abhidharma
4583:Philosophy
4516:Menander I
4384:Costa Rica
4335:Uzbekistan
4176:Bangladesh
4130:Dhammapada
4114:Pali Canon
4076:Ajahn Chah
4056:Dalai Lama
3956:Kumārajīva
3951:Vasubandhu
3926:The Buddha
3834:Zen master
3769:Sakadagami
3749:Buddhahood
3680:Pratimokṣa
3495:Shikantaza
3451:Meditation
3426:Deity yoga
3297:Madhyamaka
3190:Deva realm
3085:Mindstream
3035:Bodhicitta
2947:Aṅgulimāla
2814:Devadatta
2790:Yaśodharā
2693:The Buddha
2683:Middle Way
2319:1578–1588
2315:Dalai Lama
2071:1559391871
2043:2013-10-20
1755:2024-03-25
1625:2008-11-04
1601:References
1453:Altan Khan
1433:Tsongkhapa
1379:newspapers
1309:Altan Khan
1305:Altan Khan
1217:Altan Khan
1215:. In 1578
1213:Dalai Lama
1101:Mani stone
906:Dalai Lama
746:Buddhahood
734:Dream yoga
724:Deity yoga
700:Meditation
688:Bodhicitta
426:Longchenpa
356:Kamalaśīla
5191:Festivals
5171:Buddhists
5133:Theosophy
4936:Symbolism
4926:Hama yumi
4899:Bodh Gaya
4666:Socialism
4641:Evolution
4616:Economics
4454:Venezuela
4369:Australia
4364:Argentina
4288:Sri Lanka
4283:Singapore
4201:Indonesia
4163:Countries
4104:Tripiṭaka
4066:Ajahn Mun
3941:Nagarjuna
3936:Aśvaghoṣa
3819:Anagārika
3814:Śrāmaṇerī
3809:Śrāmaṇera
3804:Bhikkhunī
3764:Sotāpanna
3653:Passaddhi
3594:Offerings
3569:Nekkhamma
3446:Iddhipada
3366:Practices
3336:Theravada
3309:Vajrayana
3302:Yogachara
3272:Pure Land
3185:Six Paths
3172:Cosmology
2952:Anuruddha
2927:Sāriputta
2917:Kaundinya
2909:Disciples
2884:Vajrapāṇi
2736:Footprint
2701:Tathāgata
2429:Tsangyang
2248:905914446
2206:, p. 321.
1981:(cloth);
1832:(cloth);
1673:(cloth);
965:Festivals
729:Guru yoga
712:Vajrayana
681:Pāramitās
581:Cosmology
557:Teachings
482:Taranatha
128:Successor
113:1578–1588
5209:Category
5138:Violence
5108:Hinduism
5056:Sanskrit
5011:Hinayana
4996:Amitābha
4956:Swastika
4825:Uposatha
4815:Holidays
4800:Calendar
4646:Humanism
4484:Kanishka
4474:Timeline
4298:Thailand
4266:Kalmykia
4261:Buryatia
4246:Pakistan
4231:Mongolia
4226:Maldives
4221:Malaysia
4186:Cambodia
4051:Shamarpa
4046:Nichiren
3996:Xuanzang
3931:Nagasena
3849:Rinpoche
3579:Pāramitā
3421:Devotion
3341:Navayana
3329:Dzogchen
3292:Nichiren
3240:Mahayana
3232:Branches
3110:Saṅkhāra
2859:Mañjuśrī
2816:(cousin)
2808:(cousin)
2776:(mother)
2768:(father)
2756:Miracles
2706:Birthday
2623:Glossary
2596:Buddhism
2461:Tsultrim
1989:(paper).
1852:(2001).
1840:(paper).
1732:50494840
1681:(paper).
1464:Mongolia
1235:and the
1124:Timeline
992:Dosmoche
928:Rinpoche
817:Narthang
776:Dzogchen
653:Dzogchen
506:Bodongpa
409:Milarepa
371:Ralpacan
250:a series
248:Part of
99:Buddhism
95:Religion
68:Tolung,
57:Personal
5186:Temples
5166:Buddhas
5128:Science
5118:Judaism
5113:Jainism
5031:Lineage
4991:Abhijñā
4961:Thangka
4904:Sarnath
4889:Lumbini
4810:Funeral
4805:Cuisine
4681:Culture
4656:Reality
4606:Creator
4596:Atomism
4466:History
4439:Ukraine
4399:Germany
4318:Senegal
4308:Vietnam
4236:Myanmar
4036:Shinran
4026:Karmapa
4001:Shandao
3971:Dignāga
3896:Śrāvaka
3876:Donchee
3871:Kappiya
3829:Sayadaw
3799:Bhikkhu
3774:Anāgāmi
3731:Nirvana
3697:Samadhi
3584:Paritta
3525:Tonglen
3520:Mandala
3475:Smarana
3456:Mantras
3404:Upekkha
3374:Bhavana
3324:Shingon
3277:Tiantai
3130:Tathātā
3120:Śūnyatā
3115:Skandha
3105:Saṃsāra
3100:Rebirth
3075:Kleshas
3065:Indriya
2967:Subhūti
2852:Guanyin
2806:Ānanda
2798:Rāhula
2678:Nirvana
2618:Outline
2485:Thubten
2477:Trinley
2469:Khedrup
2453:Lungtok
2445:Jamphel
2437:Kelzang
2168:(hbk);
1956:(hbk);
1807:(hbk);
1555:Lithang
1449:cho-yon
1393:scholar
1282:tantric
1279:Nyingma
1189:Tibetan
1136:Culture
1131:Outline
1119:History
1076:Thangka
1032:Tengyur
1027:Kangyur
1007:Losoong
1002:Sho Dun
923:Karmapa
883:Tsurphu
844:Ramoche
827:Pabonka
822:Nechung
810:Namgyal
800:Labrang
788:Jokhang
771:Drepung
766:Tradruk
741:Thukdam
647:Nyingma
625:Tibetan
597:Rebirth
588:Saṃsāra
576:Skandha
517:Gelugpa
500:Gorampa
477:Dolpopa
415:Nyingma
285:Nyingma
278:Schools
184:Tibetan
152:Chinese
70:Ü-Tsang
5181:Sutras
5176:Suttas
5041:Siddhi
5026:Koliya
5001:Brahmā
4916:Poetry
4862:Mantra
4852:Kasaya
4724:Pagoda
4704:Kyaung
4699:Vihāra
4694:Temple
4636:Ethics
4479:Ashoka
4429:Sweden
4424:Poland
4419:Norway
4409:Mexico
4394:France
4379:Canada
4374:Brazil
4313:Africa
4293:Taiwan
4256:Russia
4181:Bhutan
4141:Vinaya
4021:Naropa
4011:Saraha
3946:Asanga
3702:Prajñā
3611:Refuge
3574:Nianfo
3535:Tertön
3530:Tantra
3515:Ganana
3505:Tukdam
3431:Dhyāna
3399:Mudita
3394:Karuṇā
3287:Risshū
3282:Huayan
3215:Naraka
3155:Anattā
3150:Dukkha
3145:Anicca
3050:Dharma
3002:Channa
2937:Ānanda
2922:Assaji
2889:Skanda
2792:(wife)
2761:Family
2741:Relics
2666:Sangha
2661:Dharma
2656:Buddha
2493:Tenzin
2421:Lozang
2413:Yonten
2269:
2246:
2236:
2202:
2176:(pbk).
2172:
2164:
2128:
2068:
2006:
1985:
1977:
1964:(pbk).
1960:
1952:
1922:
1902:
1881:
1860:
1836:
1828:
1815:(pbk).
1811:
1803:
1779:
1730:
1720:
1677:
1669:
1649:
1544:Kumbum
1497:Brahma
1475:Dharma
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1366:
1227:, and
997:Monlam
977:Dajyur
940:Tertön
839:Ralung
834:Palcho
793:Kumbum
783:Ganden
676:Lamrim
607:Dharma
470:Jonang
446:Mipham
399:Niguma
389:Talika
310:Jonang
300:Bodong
5153:Lists
5021:Kalpa
5016:Iddhi
4879:Music
4874:Mudra
4840:Vassa
4820:Vesak
4790:Budai
4736:Candi
4719:Stupa
4651:Logic
4404:Italy
4303:Tibet
4241:Nepal
4211:Korea
4206:Japan
4196:India
4191:China
4136:Sutra
4091:Texts
4041:Dōgen
4031:Hōnen
4016:Atiśa
3981:Zhiyi
3891:Achar
3859:Tulku
3854:Geshe
3839:Rōshi
3824:Ajahn
3779:Arhat
3739:Bodhi
3709:Vīrya
3626:Sacca
3621:Satya
3616:Sādhu
3604:Music
3547:Merit
3540:Terma
3500:Zazen
3436:Faith
3389:Mettā
3070:Karma
3030:Bardo
2997:Asita
2987:Khema
2977:Upāli
2962:Nanda
2800:(son)
2774:Māyā
2751:Films
2628:Index
2405:Sonam
2121:历史的见证
1522:Tibet
1493:Dalai
1484:near
1460:Tümed
1400:JSTOR
1386:books
1293:Gelug
1289:Kagyu
1275:Gelug
1264:Gelug
1244:Lhasa
1197:Wylie
1020:Texts
987:Losar
945:Tulku
935:Geshe
888:Yerpa
871:Shalu
861:Sanga
856:Sakya
705:Laity
619:Karma
488:Sakya
459:Marpa
452:Kagyu
384:Atiśa
315:Gelug
305:Kagyu
295:Sakya
290:Kadam
205:Wylie
74:Tibet
49:Title
5051:Pāḷi
5036:Māra
4946:Flag
4347:Iran
4271:Tuva
4216:Laos
3844:Lama
3692:Śīla
3660:Śīla
3648:Pīti
3638:Sati
3589:Puja
3510:Koan
3416:Dāna
3007:Yasa
2894:Tārā
2267:ISBN
2244:OCLC
2234:ISBN
2200:ISBN
2170:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1983:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1809:ISBN
1801:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1728:OCLC
1718:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1667:ISBN
1647:ISBN
1482:Amdo
1372:news
1205:ZYPY
1183:The
918:Lama
866:Sera
849:Rato
320:Rimé
158:索南嘉措
81:Died
65:1543
62:Born
4773:Art
4709:Wat
3245:Zen
1355:by
1254:by
1064:Art
5238::
4275:ru
2242:.
2052:^
2015:^
1748:.
1726:.
1698:^
1634:^
1590:.
1550:.
1528:.
1477:.
1239:.
1223:,
1207::
1203:,
1199::
1195:,
1191::
252:on
72:,
4277:)
4273:(
3491:)
3487:(
2582:e
2575:t
2568:v
2356:e
2349:t
2342:v
2273:.
2250:.
2134:.
2074:.
2046:.
2010:.
1926:.
1906:.
1885:.
1864:.
1785:.
1758:.
1734:.
1628:.
1593:"
1422:)
1416:(
1411:)
1407:(
1397:·
1390:·
1383:·
1376:·
1349:.
1326:.
1187:(
1172:e
1165:t
1158:v
20:)
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