1746:
1239:
1257:
1203:
1221:
540:
848:
444:
420:
2758:
826:
782:
564:
492:
396:
36:
903:
516:
804:
57:
1037:
993:
468:
1990:
1978:
971:
925:
947:
1015:
881:
1326:
Although all hexoses have similar structures and share some general properties, each enantiomer pair has its own chemistry. Fructose is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. The two enantiomers of each pair generally have vastly different biological properties.
1310:
The linear form does not crystallize, and exists only in small amounts in water solutions, where it is in equilibrium with the closed forms. Nevertheless, it plays an essential role as the intermediate stage between those closed forms.
1296:
It has been known since 1926 that hexoses in the crystalline solid state assume the cyclic form. The "α" and "β" forms, which are not enantiomers, will usually crystallize separately as distinct species. For example,
1194:, which may have either of two configurations, depending on the position of the new hydroxyl. Therefore, each hexose in linear form can produce two distinct closed forms, identified by prefixes "α" and "β".
125:
Hexoses exist in two forms, open-chain or cyclic, that easily convert into each other in aqueous solutions. The open-chain form of a hexose, which usually is favored in solutions, has the general structure
1131:
Like most monosaccharides with five or more carbons, each aldohexose or 2-ketohexose also exists in one or more cyclic (closed-chain) forms, derived from the open-chain form by an
1314:
In particular, the "α" and "β" forms can convert to into each other by returning to the open-chain form and then closing in the opposite configuration. This process is called
651:, from left to right, indicate the position of the hydroxyls on carbons 4, 3, and 2, respectively: to the right if the bit value is 0, and to the left if the value is 1.
766:
Besides the 2-ketoses, there are only the 3-Ketoses, and they do not exist in nature, although at least one 3-ketohexose has been synthesized, with great difficulty.
769:
In the linear form, the 2-ketohexoses have three chiral centers and therefore eight possible stereoisomers (2), comprising four pairs of enantiomers. The four
662:
device for remembering the order given above, which corresponds to the configurations about the chiral centers when ordered as 3-bit binary strings:
253:. However, the 3-ketohexoses have not been observed in nature, and are difficult to synthesize; so the term "ketohexose" usually means 2-ketohexose.
2022:
1183:
with five- or six-membered ring, respectively. If the sugar is a 2-ketohexose, it can only involve the hydroxyl in carbon 5, and will create a
1773:
1179:
If the sugar is an aldohexose, with the carbonyl in position 1, the reaction may involve the hydroxyl on carbon 4 or carbon 5, creating a
1952:
Akira Sera (1962): "Studies on the
Chemical Decomposition of Simple Sugars. XIII. Separation of the So-called Glutose (a 3-Ketohexose)".
1105:, and was claimed to be a 3-ketohexose. However, subsequent studies showed that the substance was a mixture of various other compounds.
1307:
of +112° and melting point of 146 °C, as well as a β crystal that has specific rotation of +19° and melting point of 150 °C.
1909:
C. A. Lobry de Bruyn and W. Alberda van
Ekenstein (1897): "Action des alcalis sur les sucres. VI: La glutose et la pseudo‐fructose".
1698:
1638:
1606:
1399:
1503:
874:
forms have the hydroxyls on carbons 3, 4,and 5 reversed. Below are depiction of the eight isomers in an alternative style:
1744:-altrose", issued 1990-10-30, assigned to Government of the United States of America, Secretary of Agriculture
2015:
1790:
1655:
348:
The aldohexoses are a subclass of the hexoses which, in the linear form, have the carbonyl at carbon 1, forming an
630:
335:
that can be described as derived from hexoses by replacement of one or more hydroxyl groups with hydrogen atoms.
280:
of the molecule, is to the right or to the left of the axis, respectively. These labels are independent of the
2787:
2082:
2575:
1132:
1994:
1982:
2761:
2569:
2008:
759:-containing hexose. The important ketohexoses are the 2-ketohexoses, and the most important 2-ketose is
539:
1062:
In theory, the ketohexoses include also the 3-ketohexoses, which have the carbonyl in position 3; namely
2563:
1176:. The conventional numbering of the carbons in the closed form is the same as in the open-chain form.
1120:
1735:
264:. Each pair has a conventional name (like "glucose" or "fructose"), and the two members are labeled "
2702:
1109:
655:
443:
419:
1116:
847:
563:
491:
395:
1168:, that has the same ring. If the cycle has four carbon atoms (five in total), the form is called
902:
1932:
George L. Clark, Hung Kao, Louis
Sattler, and F. W. Zerban (1949): "Chemical Nature of Glutose".
1287:
1086:
825:
781:
386:
277:
78:
1238:
515:
1852:
1489:
1256:
1202:
1074:. However, these compounds are not known to occur in nature, and are difficult to synthesize.
1886:
1769:
1694:
1634:
1602:
1509:
1304:
1220:
176:
atoms. The carbons are commonly numbered 1 to 6 starting at the end closest to the carbonyl.
1824:
2782:
2155:
1957:
1937:
1914:
1719:
1594:
1459:
indicating the carbon with the affected hydroxyl. Some examples of biological interest are
1435:
The term "hexose" may sometimes be used to include the deoxyhexoses, which have one or more
1082:
281:
260:
that differ in the spatial position of the hydroxyl groups. These species occur in pairs of
119:
284:
of the isomers. In general, only one of the two enantiomers occurs naturally (for example,
2604:
2550:
2530:
2421:
1173:
1165:
1036:
992:
803:
212:
467:
970:
924:
2591:
2388:
2145:
2122:
2102:
1762:
1436:
946:
261:
96:
2776:
2697:
2614:
2502:
2393:
1157:
If the cycle has five carbon atoms (six atoms in total), the closed form is called a
1014:
880:
644:
368:
2581:
2462:
2444:
2092:
2032:
1407:-Tagatose is a rare natural ketohexose that is found in small quantities in food.
1315:
1191:
1078:
372:
295:
257:
219:
204:
180:
2739:
2727:
2599:
2510:
2258:
2253:
2193:
1430:
1143:
1094:
234:. Otherwise, if the carbonyl position is 2 or 3, the sugar is a derivative of a
157:
1337:
of 10.28, will only deprotonate at high pH, so are marginally less stable than
35:
2515:
2457:
2452:
2325:
2278:
1500:
1417:
is responsible for the sweet taste of many fruits, and is a building block of
1338:
1180:
376:
291:
1918:
2673:
2669:
2624:
2538:
2520:
2487:
2472:
2293:
2216:
2178:
1184:
552:
200:
196:
88:
1989:
1977:
2690:
2651:
2636:
2609:
2558:
2492:
2365:
2360:
2345:
2330:
2246:
2241:
2061:
2056:
2000:
1961:
1522:
1476:
1444:
1414:
1371:
1367:
1169:
1158:
1049:
1005:
959:
915:
860:
816:
760:
659:
349:
314:
188:
173:
165:
149:
68:
1941:
1723:
17:
2732:
2712:
2680:
2655:
2645:
2641:
2619:
2482:
2477:
2467:
2377:
2340:
2335:
2313:
2298:
2288:
2205:
2183:
2167:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1418:
1381:
1363:
1356:
1027:
983:
937:
893:
838:
794:
647:
from 0 to 7, namely 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, 111. The three
480:
456:
432:
361:
208:
184:
56:
47:
747:-isomers; with all hydroxyls reversed, including the one on carbon 5.
256:
In the linear form, there are 16 aldohexoses and eight 2-ketohexoses,
2722:
2717:
2707:
2684:
2661:
2629:
2416:
2411:
2355:
2318:
2303:
2283:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2134:
2087:
2077:
2051:
2046:
1567:
1547:
1463:
1151:
756:
576:
504:
408:
310:
243:
235:
231:
192:
100:
1359:, which is the main "fuel" for metabolism in many living organisms.
1330:
2-Ketohexoses are stable over a wide pH range, and with a primary p
2308:
2111:
1542:
1162:
528:
299:
172:). The remaining bonds of the carbon atoms are satisfied by seven
1115:, through a rather complex route, was first reported in 1961 by
2004:
598:-altrose occur in living organisms, but only three are common:
1150:) between the two carbon atoms, thus creating a ring with one
648:
1911:
Recueil des
Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique
622:-isomers are generally absent in living organisms; however,
276:-", depending on whether the hydroxyl in position 5, in the
1135:
between the carbonyl group and one of the hydroxyl groups.
1108:
The unequivocal synthesis and isolation of a 3-ketohexose,
1689:
Robert
Thornton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd (1998):
1398:-Sorbose is commonly used in the commercial synthesis of
1349:
The aldohexose that is most important in biochemistry is
637:
When drawn in this order, the
Fischer projections of the
628:-altrose has been isolated from strains of the bacterium
741:-aldohexoses are the mirror images of the corresponding
148:
is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Namely, five of the carbons have one
1451:). It is named as the parent hexose, with the prefix "
1738:, Stack; Robert J., "Microbial production of
1599:
191:) and as building blocks of other compounds such as
2590:
2547:
2529:
2501:
2443:
2436:
2404:
2376:
2269:
2204:
2166:
2133:
2110:
2101:
2070:
2039:
1761:
305:The term "hexose" sometimes is assumed to include
1714:George U. Yuen and James M. Sugihara (1961): "".
1142:group into a hydroxyl, and the hydroxyl into an
643:-aldohexoses can be identified with the 3-digit
103:atoms. The chemical formula for all hexoses is
1880:
1878:
1081:product obtained by treatment of fructose with
218:When the carbonyl is in position 1, forming an
1846:
1844:
1818:
1816:
2016:
1190:The closure turns the carboxyl carbon into a
8:
1928:
1926:
211:) by a condensation reaction that makes 1,6-
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
2440:
2107:
2023:
2009:
2001:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1954:Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan
1956:, volume 35, issue 12, pages 2031-2033.
1069:
1065:
355:
328:
324:
320:
136:
129:
114:
110:
106:
1718:, volume 26, issue 5, pages 1598-1601.
1579:
966:
876:
777:
391:
367:In linear form, an aldohexose has four
183:, both as isolated molecules (such as
1934:Industrial & Engineering Chemistry
658:is said to have devised the following
1936:, volume 41, issue 3, pages 530-533.
1913:, volume 16, issue 9, pages 274-281.
1303:-glucose forms an α crystal that has
7:
1631:Essentials of Carbohydrate Chemistry
371:, which give 16 possible aldohexose
1764:The vocabulary of organic chemistry
179:Hexoses are extremely important in
735:The Fischer diagrams of the eight
25:
379:. The linear forms of the eight
360:. The most important example is
317:: compounds with general formula
2757:
2756:
1988:
1976:
1499:-glucose), found as part of the
1255:
1237:
1219:
1201:
1035:
1013:
991:
969:
945:
923:
901:
879:
846:
824:
802:
780:
562:
538:
514:
490:
466:
442:
418:
394:
55:
34:
1154:atom and four or five carbons.
1504:sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol
77:Two important hexoses, in the
1:
1042:
1020:
998:
976:
952:
930:
908:
886:
853:
831:
809:
787:
569:
545:
521:
497:
473:
449:
425:
401:
1716:Journal of Organic Chemistry
160:, and one has an oxo group (
1760:Milton Orchin, ed. (1980).
1345:Natural occurrence and uses
1187:with a five-membered ring.
2804:
1428:
375:(2),comprising 8 pairs of
352:derivative with structure
226:), the sugar is called an
2752:
1601:(1 ed.). Wiley-VCH.
631:Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens
2083:Cyclohexane conformation
1919:10.1002/recl.18970160903
1891:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1863:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1829:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1801:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1664:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1633:(1 ed.). Springer.
1384:occurs naturally as the
156:) each, connected by a
99:(simple sugar) with six
2576:Isomaltooligosaccharide
1374:occur naturally as the
1138:The reaction turns the
2570:Galactooligosaccharide
1629:John F. Robyt (1997).
1133:internal rearrangement
2564:Fructooligosaccharide
1736:US patent 4966845
1089:, was given the name
592:-isomers, all except
385:-aldohexoses, in the
290:-glucose) and can be
27:6-carbon simple sugar
1997:at Wikimedia Commons
1985:at Wikimedia Commons
1962:10.1246/bcsj.35.2031
1421:, the common sugar.
242:, a special case of
230:, a special case of
203:. Hexoses can form
1942:10.1021/ie50471a020
1724:10.1021/jo01064a070
1595:Thisbe K. Lindhorst
1322:Chemical properties
1172:after the compound
246:; specifically, an
1380:-isomers, whereas
1362:The 2-ketohexoses
1288:Haworth projection
1286:-fructose, in the
1087:lead(II) hydroxide
868:The corresponding
755:A ketohexose is a
387:Fischer projection
278:Fischer projection
238:, and is called a
152:functional group (
122:is 180.156 g/mol.
79:Fischer projection
2770:
2769:
2748:
2747:
2432:
2431:
1993:Media related to
1981:Media related to
1775:978-0-471-04491-8
1691:Organic Chemistry
1659:
1305:specific rotation
1121:James M. Sugihara
16:(Redirected from
2795:
2760:
2759:
2551:oligosaccharides
2531:Tetrasaccharides
2441:
2156:Dihydroxyacetone
2108:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2002:
1992:
1980:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1930:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1796:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1767:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1726:
1712:
1701:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1613:
1612:
1591:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1498:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1442:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1389:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1354:
1353:
1302:
1301:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1274:Closed forms of
1268:-Fructofuranose.
1267:
1266:
1259:
1250:-Fructofuranose.
1249:
1248:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1149:
1141:
1085:, in particular
1073:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1003:
1002:
995:
981:
980:
973:
957:
956:
949:
935:
934:
927:
913:
912:
905:
891:
890:
883:
873:
872:
858:
857:
850:
836:
835:
828:
814:
813:
806:
792:
791:
784:
774:
773:
746:
745:
740:
739:
642:
641:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
610:-galactose, and
609:
608:
603:
602:
597:
596:
591:
590:
574:
573:
566:
550:
549:
542:
526:
525:
518:
502:
501:
494:
478:
477:
470:
454:
453:
446:
430:
429:
422:
406:
405:
398:
384:
383:
359:
334:
289:
288:
282:optical activity
275:
274:
269:
268:
225:
171:
163:
155:
143:
120:molecular weight
117:
66:
65:
59:
45:
44:
38:
21:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2788:Monosaccharides
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2744:
2605:Oat beta-glucan
2592:Polysaccharides
2586:
2549:
2543:
2525:
2497:
2428:
2422:Neuraminic acid
2400:
2372:
2265:
2200:
2162:
2129:
2103:Monosaccharides
2097:
2066:
2035:
2029:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1931:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1842:
1833:
1831:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1713:
1704:
1693:, 6th edition.
1688:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1609:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1576:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1516:
1510:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1448:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1386:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1336:
1324:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1232:-Glucopyranose.
1228:
1227:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1214:-Glucopyranose.
1210:
1209:
1206:
1174:tetrahydrofuran
1166:tetrahydropyran
1147:
1139:
1129:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1053:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
996:
987:
986:
978:
977:
974:
963:
962:
954:
953:
950:
941:
940:
932:
931:
928:
919:
918:
910:
909:
906:
897:
896:
888:
887:
884:
870:
869:
864:
863:
855:
854:
851:
842:
841:
833:
832:
829:
820:
819:
811:
810:
807:
798:
797:
789:
788:
785:
771:
770:
753:
743:
742:
737:
736:
639:
638:
624:
623:
618:
617:
612:
611:
606:
605:
600:
599:
594:
593:
588:
587:
582:
581:
579:
571:
570:
567:
558:
557:
555:
547:
546:
543:
534:
533:
531:
523:
522:
519:
510:
509:
507:
499:
498:
495:
486:
485:
483:
475:
474:
471:
462:
461:
459:
451:
450:
447:
438:
437:
435:
427:
426:
423:
414:
413:
411:
403:
402:
399:
381:
380:
357:
353:
346:
341:
333:
326:
322:
318:
286:
285:
272:
271:
266:
265:
262:optical isomers
223:
213:glycosidic bond
169:
161:
153:
141:
134:
127:
116:
112:
108:
104:
85:
84:
83:
82:
74:
73:
72:
63:
62:
60:
52:
51:
42:
41:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:Levan beta 2→6
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2677:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2648:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2596:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2503:Trisaccharides
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
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2389:Mannoheptulose
2382:
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2160:
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2150:
2149:
2148:
2146:Glyceraldehyde
2139:
2137:
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2128:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2123:Glycolaldehyde
2116:
2114:
2105:
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1971:External links
1969:
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1487:
1474:
1455:-deoxy-", the
1443:) replaced by
1426:
1423:
1400:ascorbic acid.
1346:
1343:
1334:
1323:
1320:
1273:
1272:
1261:
1254:
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799:
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779:
775:-isomers are:
752:
749:
698:
697:
645:binary numbers
616:-mannose. The
584:
583:
568:
561:
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544:
537:
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393:
369:chiral centres
354:H−C(=O)−(CHOH)
345:
342:
340:
339:Classification
337:
294:by animals or
97:monosaccharide
76:
75:
61:
54:
53:
40:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
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2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Hemicellulose
2696:
2692:
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2682:
2678:
2676:
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2667:
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2445:Disaccharides
2442:
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2435:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2394:Sedoheptulose
2392:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2385:Ketoheptoses
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:Deoxy sugars
2351:
2347:
2344:
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2329:
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2256:
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2240:
2239:
2238:Ketopentoses
2237:
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2223:
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2213:Aldopentoses
2212:
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2209:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
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2175:Aldotetroses
2174:
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2165:
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2147:
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2033:carbohydrates
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2019:
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1608:3-527-31528-4
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1358:
1344:
1342:
1341:in solution.
1340:
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1321:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1289:
1280:-glucose and
1258:
1240:
1222:
1204:
1195:
1193:
1192:chiral center
1188:
1186:
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1177:
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1112:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:unfermentable
1075:
1068:−C(=O)−(CHOH)
1058:3-Ketohexoses
1057:
1051:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1016:
1011:
1007:
994:
989:
985:
972:
967:
961:
948:
943:
939:
926:
921:
917:
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882:
877:
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849:
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762:
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750:
748:
733:
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727:
723:
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715:
711:
707:
703:
700:referring to
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445:
440:
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416:
410:
397:
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378:
374:
373:stereoisomers
370:
365:
363:
351:
343:
338:
336:
332:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
283:
279:
263:
259:
258:stereoisomers
254:
252:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
221:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
175:
167:
164:), forming a
159:
151:
147:
140:
135:−C(=O)−(CHOH)
132:
123:
121:
102:
98:
94:
90:
80:
70:
58:
49:
37:
19:
2679:
2668:
2650:
2582:Maltodextrin
2463:Isomaltulose
2270:
2254:Deoxy sugars
2190:Ketotetrose
2093:Mutarotation
1953:
1948:
1933:
1910:
1905:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:
1866:. Retrieved
1862:
1832:. Retrieved
1828:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:
1784:
1763:
1755:
1730:
1715:
1690:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1649:
1630:
1598:
1456:
1452:
1434:
1425:Deoxyhexoses
1392:
1361:
1348:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1316:mutarotation
1313:
1309:
1295:
1189:
1178:
1163:cyclic ether
1161:, after the
1156:
1144:ether bridge
1137:
1130:
1127:Cyclic forms
1110:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1077:In 1897, an
1076:
1061:
867:
768:
765:
754:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
699:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
656:Emil Fischer
654:The chemist
653:
636:
629:
585:
366:
347:
330:
307:deoxyhexoses
306:
304:
255:
248:
247:
239:
227:
220:formyl group
217:
181:biochemistry
178:
145:
138:
130:
124:
118:, and their
92:
86:
2740:Xanthan gum
2728:Amylopectin
2600:Beta-glucan
2511:Maltotriose
2326:Ketohexoses
2279:Aldohexoses
2259:Deoxyribose
2194:Erythrulose
2152:Ketotriose
2142:Aldotriose
1995:Ketohexoses
1983:Aldohexoses
1473:-galactose)
1431:Deoxy sugar
1339:aldohexoses
1113:-3-hexulose
1095:portmanteau
751:Ketohexoses
377:enantiomers
344:Aldohexoses
292:metabolized
251:-ketohexose
158:single bond
2777:Categories
2516:Melezitose
2458:Isomaltose
2453:Cellobiose
2119:Aldodiose
1896:2018-04-26
1887:"Tagatose"
1868:2018-04-26
1853:"Sorbose,
1834:2018-04-26
1825:"Fructose"
1806:2018-04-26
1669:2018-04-26
1574:References
1532:-tagatose)
1501:sulfolipid
1493:-Quinovose
1429:See also:
1181:hemiacetal
604:-glucose,
309:, such as
240:ketohexose
228:aldohexose
201:glycosides
2670:Galactose
2625:Cellulose
2615:Sizofiran
2539:Stachyose
2521:Raffinose
2488:Trehalose
2473:Lactulose
2294:Galactose
2217:Arabinose
2179:Erythrose
2031:Types of
1885:Pubchem.
1851:Pubchem.
1823:Pubchem.
1797:-Psicose"
1789:Pubchem.
1768:. Wiley.
1660:-Psicose"
1654:Pubchem.
1528:(6-deoxy-
1526:-Fuculose
1515:(6-deoxy-
1513:-Pneumose
1495:(6-deoxy-
1486:-mannose)
1482:(6-deoxy-
1480:-Rhamnose
1469:(6-deoxy-
1437:hydroxyls
1390:-isomer.
1185:hemiketal
586:Of these
553:Galactose
296:fermented
197:cellulose
89:chemistry
2762:Category
2691:Glycogen
2674:Galactan
2652:Fructose
2637:Chitosan
2610:Lentinan
2559:Acarbose
2493:Turanose
2437:Multiple
2378:Heptoses
2366:Rhamnose
2361:Fuculose
2346:Tagatose
2331:Fructose
2247:Xylulose
2242:Ribulose
2206:Pentoses
2168:Tetroses
2071:Geometry
2062:Pyranose
2057:Furanose
1597:(2007).
1537:See also
1519:-talose)
1445:hydrogen
1415:Fructose
1372:tagatose
1368:fructose
1170:furanose
1159:pyranose
1103:fructose
1064:H−(CHOH)
1050:Tagatose
1006:Fructose
960:Tagatose
916:Fructose
861:Tagatose
817:Fructose
761:fructose
728:actose,
660:mnemonic
350:aldehyde
315:rhamnose
205:dihexose
189:fructose
174:hydrogen
166:carbonyl
150:hydroxyl
144:, where
128:H−(CHOH)
69:Fructose
18:C6 sugar
2783:Hexoses
2733:Amylose
2681:Glucose
2656:Fructan
2646:Dextran
2642:Dextrin
2620:Zymosan
2483:Sucrose
2478:Maltose
2468:Lactose
2417:Nonoses
2412:Octoses
2405:Above 7
2341:Sorbose
2336:Psicose
2314:Mannose
2299:Glucose
2289:Altrose
2271:Hexoses
2184:Threose
2135:Trioses
2040:General
1563:Heptose
1558:Pentose
1553:Tetrose
1467:-Fucose
1447:atoms (
1419:sucrose
1382:sorbose
1364:psicose
1357:glucose
1099:glucose
1091:glutose
1028:Sorbose
984:Psicose
938:Sorbose
894:Psicose
839:Sorbose
795:Psicose
716:nnose,
712:ucose,
481:Mannose
457:Glucose
433:Altrose
362:glucose
270:-" or "
209:sucrose
185:glucose
168:group (
48:Glucose
2723:Starch
2718:Pectin
2713:Mannan
2708:Lignin
2685:Glucan
2662:Inulin
2630:Chitin
2356:Fucose
2319:Talose
2304:Gulose
2284:Allose
2232:Xylose
2227:Ribose
2222:Lyxose
2112:Dioses
2088:Epimer
2078:Anomer
2052:Ketose
2047:Aldose
1772:
1748:
1697:
1637:
1605:
1568:Octose
1548:Triose
1506:(SQDG)
1152:oxygen
757:ketone
732:lose.
724:dose,
720:lose,
672:uists
577:Talose
505:Gulose
409:Allose
389:, are
311:fucose
300:yeasts
244:ketose
236:ketone
232:aldose
207:(like
199:, and
193:starch
101:carbon
93:hexose
2578:(IMO)
2572:(GOS)
2566:(FOS)
2548:Other
2309:Idose
1543:Diose
1083:bases
708:ose,
704:ose,
676:adly
529:Idose
224:−CH=O
95:is a
1770:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1370:and
1119:and
1111:xylo
1101:and
1093:, a
706:altr
696:nks.
692:lon
670:altr
649:bits
313:and
187:and
91:, a
1958:doi
1938:doi
1915:doi
1720:doi
1441:−OH
1148:−O−
1097:of
726:gal
702:all
690:gal
680:ke
667:All
580:111
556:110
532:101
508:100
484:011
460:010
436:001
412:000
298:by
170:C=O
154:−OH
87:In
2779::
2683:/
2672:/
2654:/
2644:/
1925:^
1889:.
1877:^
1861:.
1859:-"
1843:^
1827:.
1815:^
1799:.
1705:^
1678:^
1662:.
1617:^
1582:^
1449:−H
1366:,
1318:.
1262:β-
1244:α-
1226:β-
1208:α-
1140:=O
1123:.
1072:−H
763:.
730:ta
718:gu
714:ma
710:gl
694:ta
688:n
684:m
682:gu
678:ma
674:gl
634:.
364:.
358:−H
329:6−
325:12
302:.
215:.
195:,
162:=O
142:−H
137:6−
133:−1
111:12
2024:e
2017:t
2010:v
1960::
1940::
1917::
1899:.
1871:.
1856:D
1837:.
1809:.
1794:D
1791:"
1778:.
1741:L
1722::
1672:.
1658:D
1656:"
1643:.
1611:.
1530:L
1524:L
1517:L
1511:L
1497:D
1491:D
1484:L
1478:L
1471:L
1465:L
1457:x
1453:x
1439:(
1413:-
1410:D
1404:D
1395:D
1387:L
1377:D
1355:-
1352:D
1335:a
1332:K
1300:D
1290:.
1283:D
1277:D
1265:D
1247:D
1229:D
1211:D
1146:(
1070:3
1066:2
1048:-
1045:L
1026:-
1023:L
1004:-
1001:L
982:-
979:L
958:-
955:D
936:-
933:D
914:-
911:D
892:-
889:D
871:L
859:-
856:D
837:-
834:D
815:-
812:D
793:-
790:D
772:D
744:D
738:L
722:i
686:i
640:D
625:L
619:L
613:D
607:D
601:D
595:D
589:D
575:-
572:D
551:-
548:D
527:-
524:D
503:-
500:D
479:-
476:D
455:-
452:D
431:-
428:D
407:-
404:D
382:D
356:5
331:y
327:O
323:H
321:6
319:C
287:D
273:L
267:D
249:n
222:(
146:n
139:n
131:n
115:6
113:O
109:H
107:6
105:C
81:.
71:.
67:-
64:D
50:.
46:-
43:D
20:)
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