1692:
668:, that had cost some US$ 220 million and was left unused after it was declared as unsafe by the State's Fire Brigade. Finishing work on the City of Music premises continues, with actual inauguration lastly being set tentatively in July 2010, at a grand total cost of R$ 481.3 million (US$ 818.2 million); although most of the future activities are to be conceded to private contractors, it's forecast that the complex's operations will generate public spending in the order of R$ 247 million (US$ 420 million) for the next twenty-five years.
1683:
589:, Maia chose to distance himself from the legacy of Favela Bairro, and the programme came to be fostered by Conde, who had meanwhile distanced himself from Maia. In the end, Favela Bairro achieved what was called by some as "anecdotal success at best". Similar criticism met many of Maia's other projects, as in the case of Linha Amarela, an express highway that displaced some 10,000 people to foster private automobile traffic between the
565:, while renovating housing and its surroundings in aesthetical terms, as in Rio-Cidade. Favela-Bairro, however, as much as it was presented as a plan for drastic improvement of actual living conditions, was seen as having failed in one of its chief concerns, that of blurring the boundaries between the "formal" city and the shantytown: in the words of scholar
511:; small antics that went from the eccentric to the ridiculous, for example his proposed special monetary unit, legal tender only in Rio de Janeiro. Given the bizarre character of some of these antics, some say that Maia from the start "wanted to build an image purposely intended to appear as surprising as well as strange".
680:
epidemic hit Rio, taking 54 lives at the three first months of the year, despite Maia's declaring it to be a purely local occurrence at the same time charging the
Minister of Health of "criminal neglect" for supposedly having failed to forewarn Rio of the coming disease outbreak. In late March 2008,
456:
A trusted personal adviser to
Brizola, who was instrumental in uncovering and denouncing the allegedly electoral fraud that threatened Brizola's gubernatorial election in 1982, the so-called Proconsult scheme, Maia was to be elected to the national Chamber of Deputies in 1986, and saw re-election in
529:
initiative targeting the city's commercial districts. The renewal would involve sidewalk repair and replacements, urban furnishings, street lights, landscaping, as well as aesthetic redesigning of each neighbourhood to give each its own specific visual identity. Rio-Cidade, however, was from the
788:
During his 1992 campaign, Maia declared Rio to have an "image" (i.e., a brand) that could not risk being associated to a black woman openly avowing sympathies with the destitute - cf. Michael
Mitchell, "Racial Consciousness, Afro-Brazilian Electoral Strategies, and Regime Change in Brazil", IN
659:
and others, were regarded by many as simply an embarrassing legacy of "white elephants" - a
Brazilian idiom for costly, only-for-show works and without any actual counterpart in urban infrastructure - a result reached after cost overruns that were actually six to ten times the original US$ 177
612:
and whose cost would be borne entirely by the city in return for the prestige associated with the
Guggenheim brand. The scheme was eventually shelved as a court decision declared the contract between the Rio City Hall and the Guggenheim Foundation to be against Brazilian law, the project being
42:
581:
residents could have access to proper urbanism if they behaved in an "orderly" fashion, Favela-Bairro perpetuated the stigma long associated to shantytown dwellers. Finally, Favela-Bairro was also seem as very limited in scope, as it concerned itself with only 27% of all Rio shanty-towns.
712:
fared a poor sixth in the elections' first round, with 3.92% of the valid ballots. In 2010 Maia ran for the Senate and, in the race for two senatorial seats, came fourth, with 11% of the State's voting, in what was described as the worst defeat of his whole career.
671:
During Maia's third term, management of the city's public hospitals was deemed as so poor that in March 2005 the federal
Ministry of Health decreed an intervention in health facilities jointly administered by the federal government and the city, two military
507:. Maia ran as a law and order candidate, and after his inauguration tried a "no-nonsense" attitude, focused on new directions on public administration and urban intervention. He frequently courted media attention through the use of so-called
1352:
Gilmar
Mascarenhas & Fátima Cristina da S. Borges, "Entre o empreendedorismo urbano e a gestão democrática da cidade:dilemas e impactos do Pan-2007 na Marina da Glória". Universidade Federal Fluminense, paper, 2008, available at
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Center for
Northeastern Traditions, an old pavilion in downtown Rio long used for selling Northeastern traditional foods and wares, refurbished to function both as a market and a showhouse - in what was seem as a
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727:
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The poor evaluation of his third term eventually made Maia unable to exert a meaningful influence in the 2008 mayoral elections, in which his party's candidate, Maia's
Secretary of Housing
643:, including many works that were hotly contested as authoritarian, environmentally unfriendly, and in collusion with private building interests, such as the proposed works for the Gloria
956:
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networks in wealthy districts. Other programs included the construction of a major urban highway called Linha
Amarela, as well as the most important urbanization project in the
1284:
Viviani de Moraes Freitas Ribeiro, " A (DES)CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO CARIOCA NA ‘ERA CESAR MAIA’ (1993-2008)". Ph.D thesis in Urban Planning, IPPUR/UFRJ, pages 25/26; available at
660:
million budget. As he finished his term of office in early 2009, Maia also left a legacy of an unfinished and huge (1 million square feet) concert hall in Barra da Tijuca, the
538:, together with an elevated causeway across a street that never opened to the public and was eventually razed in 2009 at the locals' behest. Rio-Cidade intended to provide
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In early 1993, already as mayor, Maia would complain to the Brazil's Foreign Ministry about issuing tourist - as well as political asylum - visas to people from
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Maia began his first term as mayor in the wake of an episode that mirrored the strained relationship between the social classes in Rio de Janeiro, the so-called
932:
1536:
822:, as "this sudden arrival of thousands of foreigners" posed " a serious epidemiological risk". Cf. James Brooke "Haven in Rio Quite Hostile For Angolans",
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described as "a piece of hubris and folly worthy of Maia's Roman namesake". In his second term, however, Maia embarked in various building schemes, such as
561:
Favela-Bairro was a programme concerned mostly with providing basic utilities and public services (sewage systems, sidewalks, etc.) to a number of existing
453:
state in 1983, as Brazil was emerging from the military-led regime towards full democracy, and was subsequently appointed Treasury Secretary for the state.
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in a run-off election, in a campaign that was regarded by some as being driven by racist ideology. Maia subsequently left the PMDB and joined the
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to blow away the Rio mosquitos to the sea" and that he had travelled to Bahia "in order to bring Rio the strong spiritual vibes we have here".
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1990. Meanwhile, having achieved personal political prominence in the late 1980s, Maia broke with Brizola and the PDT, affiliating with the
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A native of Rio, born in 1945, Maia was forced to leave Brazil in exile during the 1960s on account of his affiliation with the
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2209:
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433:, but the 1973 coup in the country saw him return to his native land. After becoming Professor of Macroeconomics at the
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1813:
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647:, which included the construction of a huge garage for yachts - as well as a shopping mall - in the landmark protected
1936:
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party ticket, Maia embarked in a whole gamut of public works linked to the successful Rio candidature for hosting the
623:
to prepare for Carnival parades, inaugurated in 2005 - and was partially destroyed by a fire on 7 February 2011; the
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area, works which were shelved after being questioned by a public attorney. Works actually concluded, such as the
2015:
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Reelected in 2000 in a runoff election against his former protégé Conde - for which he had meanwhile joined the
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1957:
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Stuart Grudgings, "Grand 'City of Music' sparks disharmony in Rio". Reuters, December 30, 2008, available at
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1977:
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461:(PMDB) in 1991, being elected mayor of the city of Rio de Janeiro for the first time in 1992, defeating the
1982:
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2204:
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1505:"Cesar Maia diz que aplicou o triplo do programado para dengue". G1 newssite, 27 March 2008, available at
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1293:
967:"Passarela em frente ao Obelisco de Ipanema será demolida". G1 newssite , 21st. August 2009, available at
450:
224:
1808:
414:(born June 18, 1945) is a Brazilian politician, notable for having been elected three times for mayor of
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1335:
1172:
Rosemere Santos Maia, '"A Produção do Espaço em Áreas de Auto-Segregação: O Caso da Barra daTijuca".
485:(looting-rampage, or "dragnet") on October the 18th, which saw rival groups of youths from different
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1987:
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1972:
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Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage: global norms and urban forms in the age of tourism
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1482:"Cesar Maia acusa ministério de omissão 'criminosa' por dengue - politica - geral - Estadão"
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on the Rio waterfront, a US$ 200 million project - in partnership with Guggenheim director
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1453:"Brazil Battles Mass Dengue Fever Outbreak", CBS News site, April 3, 2008, available at
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After his first mayoral term, which was succeeded by one of his associates, architect
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outset criticised perceived poor architectural choices, such as a giant cast iron
1464:"Cesar Maia nega epidemia de dengue". G1 newssite, March 26, 2008, available at
609:
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486:
1258:
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Meu casaco de general: 500 dias no front da segurança pública do Rio de Janeiro
1558:
554:, Favela-Bairro, a project started with a credit of 180 million US$ from the
499:
438:
520:
619:(Samba City) a complex of workshops in Rio's docking district to be used by
430:
63:
1546:"Cesar Maia fica em quarto lugar e sofre a pior derrota da sua carreira",
17:
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Favelametropolis: Berichte und Projekte aus Rio de Janeiro und São Paulo
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1233:"A No-Go for the Guggenheim Rio?". Allbusiness.com , August 1, 2003
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being set in order to deal with the ongoing jam. In early 2008, a
426:
1475:"Cesar Maia acusa ministério de omissão 'criminosa' por dengue".
1438:"Ministério da Saúde quer reassumir gestão de hospitais no Rio",
819:
503:) sorting out their differences and going on a looting-spree at
494:
1647:
1330:
Fernando Soares Campos, "A vaia ensaiada pela claque de Maia",
978:
1202:"Guggenheim Loses Top Donor in Rift on Spending and Vision".
1243:"Priorities Questioned in Face of Rio's Ritzy Museum Plan".
1187:"Luiz Paulo Conde e Cesar Maia vão para o 2º turno no Rio",
1077:
Favela: Four Decades of Living on the Edge in Rio De Janeiro
1056:
Tres décadas de reflexiones sobre el hábitat latinoamericano
839:
The expediency of culture: uses of culture in the global era
728:
Favela: Four Decades of Living on the Edge in Rio de Janeiro
1531:"Derrota de Solange marca o fim da Era Cesar Maia no Rio".
449:. Maia supported Brizola's campaign to become Governor of
608:- which included a building designed by French architect
1516:"Da zona norte à sul, Rio faz ato de boicote ao IPTU".
1269:"Grande Incêndio atinge a Cidade do Samba, na Gamboa".
1111:
Empreendedorismo urbano: entre o discurso e a prática
874:"A guinada de Cesar Maia para o social-liberalismo".
514:
In his first term, Maia focused on projects such as "
1130:
Edesio Fernandes & Márcio Moraes Valença, eds.,
600:- Maia embarked on a project to set a branch of the
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2005:
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1397:Chris McGowan, "Rio and the 2016 Summer Olympics",
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2240:Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011) politicians
1217:"Plans for Rio Guggenheim are dead in the water".
1058:. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2005,
841:. Duke University Press, 2003, pages 118 and 131.
769:TELEJORNALISMO E PODER NAS ELEIÇOES PRESIDENCIAIS
748:Direitos e cidadania: memória, política e cultura
692:Also in early 2008, Maia had to face a citizens'
1423:"Conclusão da Cidade da Música fica para 2011",
1387:"Reinventing Rio", Smithsonian.com, available at
635:Easily reelected in 2004,this time again on the
664:(City of Music), designed by French architect
818:without requiring them to undergo testing for
1659:
791:Race and ethnicity in comparative perspective
216:February 1, 1987 – December 31, 1992
8:
2245:Brazilian Labour Party (current) politicians
2235:Brazilian Social Democracy Party politicians
1098:Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage
1010:Elisabeth Blum & Peter Neitzke, eds.,
577:begins". At the same time, by stating that
2075:
2011:
1705:
1666:
1652:
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1174:Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ
569:, "there's still no doubt about where the
459:Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement
165:January 1, 1993 – January 1, 1997
107:January 1, 2001 – January 1, 2009
40:
29:
2225:Brazilian Democratic Movement politicians
893:. Rio de Janeiro: Cia. das Letras, 2000,
1579:2007 Pan American Games Official Website
857:. Armonk, NY : E.M. Sharpe, 1997,
685:and declared that he had "prayed to the
55:Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro
1709:Presidents of the Council of Intendants
1221:online, January 28, 2005, available at
1191:on line, October 2, 2000, available at
739:
379:Dalila Ribeiro de Almeida Maia (mother)
2195:Politicians from Rio de Janeiro (city)
1316:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1309:
878:, October the 3rd. 2004, available at
2220:Brazilian Communist Party politicians
795:The National Political Science Review
7:
1371:"El Pan y sus juegos neoliberales".
2200:Candidates for President of Brazil
1247:, November 29, 2004, available at
1176:, Volume 21 / 1998. Available at
1155:, Lonely Planet city guide, 2006,
25:
1520:, January 21, 2008, available at
1206:, January 20, 2005, available at
1079:. Oxford University Press, 2010,
1032:Andressa Cabral (June 12, 2014).
746:Angela Maria de Castro Gomes, ed.
1690:
1681:
1535:, October 6, 2008, available at
1427:, 20 October 2010, available at
1401:, October 2, 2009, available at
1273:, 7 February 2011, available at
723:List of Mayors of Rio de Janeiro
704:2008 and 2010 Political setbacks
2215:Mayors of Rio de Janeiro (city)
2070:Municipality of Rio de Janeiro
1743:Alfredo Augusto Vieira Barcelos
1479:, March 26, 2008, available at
1442:, April 28, 2005. Available at
1134:. Rio de Janeiro: MAUAD, 2004,
657:Estádio Olímpico João Havelange
556:Inter-American Development Bank
341:
2230:Democrats (Brazil) politicians
1946:Mayors of the Federal District
1752:Mayors of the Federal District
826:, July 11, 1993, available at
493:) and associated with various
376:Felinto Epitácio Maia (father)
1:
750:. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 2007,
700:on real state assets (IPTU).
435:Fluminense Federal University
2047:Raphael de Almeida Magalhães
1869:Milcíades Mário de Sá Freire
1034:"Favela-Bairro: 20 Years On"
441:, Maia became active in the
437:in the neighbouring city of
1571:Cesar Maia Official Website
1014:. Berlin: Bauverlag, 2004,
914:. London: Routledge, 2001,
771:. São Paulo: Summus, 2008,
593:district and downtown Rio.
2261:
1113:. São Paulo: UNESP, 2005,
789:Georgia Anne Persons, ed.
632:" of traditional culture.
465:candidate, Afro-Brazilian
429:, he obtained a degree in
258:, Federal District, Brazil
1814:Xavier da Silveira Júnior
1632:
1624:
1614:
1599:
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1586:
993:. Paris: Khartala, 2000,
991:La politique des favélas
653:Maria Lenk Aquatic Center
423:Brazilian Communist Party
405:
230:
209:
158:
100:
71:
60:
48:
39:
1804:Antônio Coelho Rodrigues
957:Cf. Virtual Tourist site
666:Christian de Portzamparc
1925:in the Federal District
1711:of the Federal District
641:2007 Pan American Games
443:Democratic Labour Party
95:Mayor of Rio de Janeiro
1978:Eitel de Oliveira Lima
1559:CityMayors.com profile
910:Nezar AlSayyad, ed.,
598:Brazilian Labour Party
2079:Military dictatorship
2039:Military dictatorship
1983:Francisco de Sá Lessa
1764:Antônio Dias Ferreira
1259:Travelstripe.com site
1096:Nezar AlSayyad, ed.,
889:Luiz Eduardo Soares,
542:for the expansion of
401:Economist, politician
118:Marco Antônio Valles
2210:Brazilian economists
1937:Filadelfo de Azevedo
1923:Federal Interventors
1819:Carlos Leite Ribeiro
1779:José Joaquim da Rosa
1733:Carneiro de Fontoura
1477:O Estado de S. Paulo
27:Brazilian politician
2006:State of Guanabara
1953:Hildebrando de Góis
1809:João Filipe Pereira
1399:The Huffington Post
1375:, Spanish Edition,
1219:Mail & Guardian
876:Tribuna da Imprensa
471:Liberal Front Party
412:Cesar Epitácio Maia
204:Chamber of Deputies
1932:Henrique Dodsworth
1859:Peregrino da Silva
1784:Ubaldino do Amaral
1769:Henrique Valadares
1728:José Félix Meneses
1723:Ubaldino do Amaral
1587:Political offices
1359:2011-06-15 at the
1340:2011-07-06 at the
1204:The New York Times
855:Brazilian legacies
824:The New York Times
649:Aterro do Flamengo
445:(PDT), founded by
391:José Agripino Maia
334:Mariangeles Ibarra
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2001:
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1963:João Carlos Vital
1904:Augusto do Amaral
1844:Rivadávia Correia
1834:Serzedelo Correia
1686:and Governors of
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1633:Succeeded by
1615:Succeeded by
1550:, October 4, 2010
1373:A Nova Democracia
1245:Los Angeles Times
1161:978-1-74059-910-8
1151:Regis St. Louis,
1085:978-0-19-536836-9
989:Camille Goirand,
797:, Volume 7, 199,
777:978-85-323-0513-8
756:978-85-225-0626-2
681:Maia traveled to
602:Guggenheim Museum
550:as recognized by
467:Benedita da Silva
409:
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16:(Redirected from
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2154:Marcelo Crivella
2139:Luiz Paulo Conde
2129:Marcello Alencar
2106:Marcello Alencar
2076:
2012:
1968:Dulcídio Cardoso
1958:Mendes de Moraes
1889:Adolfo Bergamini
1864:Paulo de Frontin
1854:Amaro Cavalcanti
1718:Francisco Barros
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1700:Federal District
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1625:Preceded by
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1595:Marcello Alencar
1592:Preceded by
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1518:Folha de S.Paulo
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1484:. Archived from
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1993:Sá Freire Alvim
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630:commodification
616:Cidade do Samba
591:Barra da Tijuca
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2073:
2072:(1975–present)
2067:
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2057:Chagas Freitas
2054:
2052:Negrão de Lima
2049:
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2026:
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2018:
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1985:
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1891:
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1874:Carlos Sampaio
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1824:Pereira Passos
1821:
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1799:Honório Gurgel
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705:
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567:Janice Perlman
540:infrastructure
478:
477:Mayoral career
475:
463:Workers' Party
451:Rio de Janeiro
447:Leonel Brizola
416:Rio de Janeiro
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53:Member of the
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2205:Living people
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
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2188:
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2160:
2159:Jorge Felippe
2157:
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2091:Israel Klabin
2089:
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2086:Marcos Tamoio
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1910:
1909:Pedro Ernesto
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:Pedro Ernesto
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
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1857:
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1849:Antônio Sodré
1847:
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1839:Bento Ribeiro
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1488:on 2012-09-21
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1299:on 2011-07-06
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1145:
1141:
1140:85-7478-147-9
1137:
1133:
1132:Brasil Urbano
1127:
1124:
1120:
1119:85-7139-570-5
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1090:
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1072:
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1065:
1064:958-96155-3-8
1061:
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1051:
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1028:
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1021:
1020:3-7643-7063-7
1017:
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999:2-84586-123-0
996:
992:
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950:
939:on 2011-07-14
938:
934:
928:
925:
921:
920:0-415-23941-9
917:
913:
907:
904:
900:
899:85-359-0079-9
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863:0-7656-0009-9
860:
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834:
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821:
817:
811:
808:
805:, pages 75/76
804:
803:0-7658-0435-2
800:
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767:Flora Neves,
764:
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631:
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621:samba schools
618:
617:
611:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
583:
580:
576:
573:ends and the
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
527:urban renewal
522:
517:
512:
510:
506:
505:Ipanema beach
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
454:
452:
448:
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417:
413:
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389:
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368:
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355:Daniela Maia
354:
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320:
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296:
293:
290:
287:
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261:
257:
252:(age 79)
250:June 18, 1945
242:
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223:
219:
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208:
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200:
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188:
185:
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124:Otávio Leite
123:
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86:
82:
75:
70:
66:
65:
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51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2165:Eduardo Paes
2149:Eduardo Paes
2143:
2133:
2116:New Republic
2101:Jamil Haddad
2024:Sette Câmara
1884:Prado Júnior
1829:Sousa Aguiar
1636:Eduardo Paes
1600:
1547:
1542:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1512:
1501:
1490:. Retrieved
1486:the original
1476:
1471:
1460:
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1439:
1434:
1424:
1419:
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1393:
1382:
1372:
1367:
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1331:
1326:
1301:. Retrieved
1294:the original
1280:
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1244:
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1110:
1105:
1097:
1092:
1076:
1071:
1066:, page 2,023
1055:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1036:. RioONWatch
1027:
1011:
1006:
990:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:. Retrieved
937:the original
927:
911:
906:
890:
885:
875:
870:
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846:
838:
833:
823:
810:
794:
790:
784:
768:
763:
747:
742:
707:
698:property tax
691:
678:dengue fever
670:
634:
625:Luiz Gonzaga
614:
606:Thomas Krens
595:
584:
578:
574:
570:
563:shanty towns
560:
513:
498:
490:
487:shanty towns
482:
480:
455:
425:. Exiled in
420:
411:
410:
361:Rodrigo Maia
276:affiliations
269:(since 2024)
221:Constituency
211:
191:Succeeded by
160:
153:Eduardo Paes
148:Succeeded by
102:
84:Constituency
73:
62:
2190:1945 births
2008:(1960–1975)
1879:Alaor Prata
1702:(1889–1960)
1040:December 1,
610:Jean Nouvel
519: [
321:(2022–2024)
315:(2004–2022)
309:(1999–2004)
303:(1996–1999)
297:(1991–1996)
291:(1981–1991)
285:(1974–1981)
179:Preceded by
136:Preceded by
126:(2005–2009)
120:(2001–2005)
2184:Categories
2144:Cesar Maia
2134:Cesar Maia
1973:Alim Pedro
1612:2001–2009
1492:2010-10-01
1303:2010-09-29
1142:, page 205
1121:, page 239
1087:, page 281
943:2010-09-14
933:"Photo at"
901:, page 201
758:, page 185
734:References
637:Democratas
516:Rio Cidade
398:Profession
246:1945-06-18
170:Vice Mayor
112:Vice Mayor
34:Cesar Maia
18:César Maia
2161:(interim)
1688:Guanabara
1610:1993–1997
1163:, page 46
1075:Perlman,
1022:, page 27
1001:, page 97
779:, page 51
534:built in
500:funkeiros
431:economics
387:Relatives
212:In office
161:In office
103:In office
64:Incumbent
1357:Archived
1338:Archived
1312:cite web
717:See also
683:Salvador
544:cable TV
509:factoids
483:arrastão
393:(cousin)
352:Children
88:At-large
1548:O Globo
1533:O Globo
1425:O Globo
1271:O Globo
696:on the
694:boycott
571:asfalto
548:favelas
536:Ipanema
532:obelisk
497:bands (
491:galeras
473:(PFL).
439:Niterói
370:Parents
364:(1970–)
357:(1970–)
346:
338:
1675:Mayors
1334:blog,
1159:
1138:
1117:
1083:
1062:
1018:
997:
918:
897:
861:
816:Angola
801:
775:
754:
655:, the
645:Marina
579:favela
552:UNESCO
525:", an
329:Spouse
1602:Mayor
1332:NovaE
1297:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1189:Valor
1100:, 286
575:morro
523:]
427:Chile
340:(
336:
77:
1318:link
1157:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1115:ISBN
1081:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1042:2019
1016:ISBN
995:ISBN
916:ISBN
895:ISBN
859:ISBN
820:AIDS
799:ISBN
773:ISBN
752:ISBN
495:funk
319:PSDB
295:PMDB
240:Born
1677:of
1604:of
313:DEM
307:PTB
301:PFL
289:PDT
283:PCB
267:PSD
2186::
1314:}}
1310:{{
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793:.
558:.
521:pt
418:.
342:m.
248:)
1667:e
1660:t
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1495:.
1320:)
1306:.
1044:.
946:.
628:"
489:(
244:(
20:)
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