1055:
1019:
1003:
466:. Once the ingredients have been mixed, the solvent is extracted through drying and filtering. The final material is a solid with a dirty white to light brown color, a putty-like texture similar to modeling clay, and a distinct smell of motor oil. Depending on its intended usage and on the manufacturer, there are differences in the composition of C-4. For example, a 1990 U.S. Army technical manual stipulated that Class IV composition C-4 consists of 89.9±1% RDX, 10±1% polyisobutylene, and 0.2±0.02% dye that is itself made up of 90%
42:
1039:
1054:
1018:
499:
609:
than composition C-3 and is fairly insensitive. The insensitivity is attributed to using a large amount of binder in its composition. A series of shots were fired at vials containing C-4 in a test referred to as "the rifle bullet test". Only 20% of the vials burned, and none exploded. While C-4
570:
The M112 demolition blocks of C-4 are commonly manufactured into the M183 "demolition charge assembly", which consists of 16 M112 block demolition charges and four priming assemblies packaged inside military
Carrying Case M85. The M183 is used to breach obstacles or demolish large structures where
575:
are required. Each priming assembly includes a five-or-twenty-foot (1.5 or 6.1 m) length of detonating cord assembled with detonating cord clips and capped at each end with a booster. When the charge is detonated, the explosive is converted into compressed gas. The gas exerts pressure in the
284:
and redeveloped as
Composition C when introduced to the U.S. military. It was replaced by Composition C-2 around 1943 and later redeveloped around 1944 as Composition C-3. The toxicity of C-3 was reduced, the concentration of RDX was increased, giving it improved safety during usage and storage.
477:
The manufacturing process for
Composition C-4 specifies that wet RDX and plastic binder are added in a stainless steel mixing kettle. This is called the aqueous slurry-coating process. The kettle is tumbled to obtain a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is wet and must be dried after transfer to
867:
images obtained from microscopic analysis of the fingerprint are analyzed with gray-scale thresholding to improve contrast for the particles. The contrast is then inverted in order to show dark RDX particles against a light background. Relative numbers and positions of RDX particles have been
642:(TATB) (available in two particle sizes (5 μm, 40 μm)), as a substitute for RDX, is also able to improve stability to thermal, shock, and impact/friction stimulus; however, TATB is not cost-effective, and NTO is more difficult to use in the manufacturing process.
627:. The results of 100 °C heat test are: 0.13% loss in the first 48 hours, no loss in the second 48 hours, and no explosions in 100 hours. The vacuum stability test at 100 °C yields 0.2 cubic centimeters of gas in 40 hours. Composition C-4 is essentially
1454:
Mahoney, Christine M.; Fahey, Albert J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Benner, Bruce A.; Lareau, Richard T. (2010). "Characterization of
Composition C4 Explosives using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy".
558:
block. The demolition charge M112 is a rectangular block of
Composition C-4 about 2 by 1.5 inches (51 mm × 38 mm) and 11 inches (280 mm) long, weighing 1.25 lb (570 g). The M112 is wrapped in a sometimes olive color
285:
Research on a replacement for C-3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, C-4, did not begin pilot production until 1956. C-4 was submitted for patent as "Solid
Propellant and a Process for its Preparation" March 31, 1958, by the
1749:
Woody, Robert C.; Kearns, Gregory L.; Brewster, Marge A.; Turley, Charles P.; Sharp, Gregory B.; Lake, Robert S. (1986). "The
Neurotoxicity of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) in a Child: A Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation".
541:
A major advantage of C-4 is that it can easily be molded into any desired shape to change the direction of the resulting explosion. C-4 has high cutting ability. For example, the complete severing of a 36-centimetre (14 in) deep
481:
C-4 produced for use by the U.S. military, commercial C-4 (also produced in the United States), and PE-4 from the United
Kingdom each have their own unique properties and are not identical. The analytical techniques of time-of-flight
373:
and an agent preventing hardening of the binder upon prolonged storage. The PE8 consists of 86.5% RDX, 1.0% DMDNB taggant and 12.5% of a binder composed of di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate thickened with high molecular mass polyisobutylene.
279:
C-4 is a member of the
Composition C family of chemical explosives. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include compositions C-2, C-3, and C-4. The original RDX-based material was developed by the British during
1840:
Committee on
Marking, Rendering Inert, and Licensing of Explosive Materials; National Research Council; Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications (27 May 1998).
618:
jet tests. Additional tests were done including the "pendulum friction test", which measured a five-second explosion temperature of 263 °C to 290 °C. The minimum initiating charge required is 0.2 grams of
823:, it can be detected with an explosive vapor detector before it has been detonated. A variety of methods for explosive residue analysis may be used to identify C-4. These include optical microscope examination and
2123:
858:
teams to detect trace residue on fingertips of individuals who may have recently been in contact with the compound. However, positive results are highly variable and the mass of RDX can range between 1.7 and
490:
have been demonstrated to discriminate finite differences in different C-4 sources. Chemical, morphological structural differences, and variation in atomic concentrations are detectable and definable.
2152:
2144:
365:) is added at a minimum of 0.10% weight of the plastic explosive, typically at 1.0% mass. The newer PE7 consists of 88.0% RDX, 1.0% DMDNB taggant and 11.0% of a binder composed of low molecular mass
1038:
1002:
1714:
Stone, William J.; Paletta, Theodore L.; Heiman, Elliott M.; Bruce, John I.; Knepshield, James H. (December 1969). "Toxic Effects Following Ingestion of C4 Plastic Explosive".
605:
Composition C-4 exists in the U.S. Army Hazardous Components Safety Data Sheet on sheet number 00077. Impact tests done by the U.S. military indicate composition C-4 is less
2193:
1900:
2160:
638:
of C-4 is related to the size of the nitramine particles. The finer they are the better they help to absorb and suppress shock. Using 3-nitrotriazol-5-one (NTO), or
1136:
787:
C-4 has toxic effects on humans when ingested. Within a few hours multiple generalized seizures, vomiting, and changes in mental activity occur. A strong link to
1844:
Containing the Threat from Illegal Bombings: An Integrated National Strategy for Marking, Tagging, Rendering Inert, and Licensing Explosives and Their Precursors
807:
intravenously to help the patient control seizures until it has passed. However, ingesting small amounts of C-4 is not known to cause any long-term impairment.
2149:
2141:
2168:
872:
871:
Military and commercial C-4 are blended with different oils. It is possible to distinguish these sources by analyzing this oil by high-temperature
839:
for products of the explosive chemical reaction. Small particles of C-4 may be easily identified by mixing with thymol crystals and a few drops of
1548:
2136:
2021:
1852:
1208:
1191:
908:. However, burning C-4 produces poisonous fumes, and soldiers are warned of the dangers of personal injury when using the plastic explosive.
875:. The oil and plasticizer must be separated from the C-4 sample, typically by using a non-polar organic solvent such as pentane followed by
378:
366:
1426:
1652:
1575:
487:
94:
483:
1998:
Composition C4 explosive is poisonous and dangerous if chewed or ingested; its detonation or burning produces poisonous fumes.
1911:
988:
2157:
1457:
946:
478:
drying trays. Drying with forced air for 16 hours at 50 °C to 60 °C is recommended to eliminate excess moisture.
879:
of the plasticizer on silica. This method of analysis is limited by manufacturing variation and methods of distribution.
1620:
1144:
824:
600:
197:
2108:
2183:
1869:
984:
2114:
1518:
864:
303:
286:
911:
Among field troops in Vietnam it became common knowledge that ingestion of a small amount of C-4 would produce a "
2118:
1032:. Even if no taggant is used, sophisticated forensic means can still be employed to identify the presence of C-4.
828:
580:
1585:. Fort Belvoir, Virginia: U. S. Army Engineer Research And Development Laboratories. Report 1839. Archived from
610:
passed the Army's bullet impact and fragment impact tests at ambient temperature, it failed the shock stimulus,
2165:
2011:
1090:
606:
1261:
2198:
1272:(3). Ammendale, MD: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory: 1–7.
1105:
564:
41:
912:
876:
788:
611:
527:
252:
and can be molded into any desired shape. C-4 is relatively insensitive and can be detonated only by the
976:
836:
832:
358:
1048:
into blocks of C-4 explosive (bottom) being used to destroy unexploded artillery components (cylinders)
518:
by a gunshot or by dropping it onto a hard surface. It does not explode when set on fire or exposed to
546:
takes between 680 and 910 g (1.50 and 2.01 lb) of C-4 when properly applied in thin sheets.
46:
Blocks of C-4 cut to size during a demo training session, showing the white plastic explosive material
1181:
511:
323:
2188:
1029:
535:
474:. RDX classes A, B, E, and H are all suitable for use in C-4. Classes are measured by granulation.
2132:
1692:
1399:
1309:
1217:
1968:
1607:
Use of Mine, Antitank: HE, Heavy, M15 as a Substitute for Charge Assembly Demolition, M37 Or M183
1140:
972:
935:
507:
957:, killing eleven people — including five children — and wiping out 61 homes in two city blocks.
2017:
1960:
1848:
1842:
1819:
1767:
1731:
1474:
1281:
1187:
1085:
954:
950:
916:
635:
596:
584:
467:
335:
225:
2062:
1427:"Recent Developments in Composition C-4: Towards an Alternate Binder and Reduced Sensitivity"
1986:
1952:
1809:
1801:
1759:
1723:
1466:
1273:
965:
855:
354:
331:
315:
843:. The mixture will become rose colored upon addition of a small quantity of ethyl alcohol.
1937:
939:
927:
792:
319:
201:
1727:
1369:
964:'s traditional curriculum of explosives training. In October 2000, the group used C-4 to
502:
A detonation within a blast-resistant trash receptacle using a large C-4 explosive charge
2037:
1437:
1814:
1789:
1663:
1586:
620:
576:
form of a shock wave, which demolishes the target by cutting, breaching, or cratering.
572:
249:
2177:
1956:
1080:
847:
840:
615:
327:
229:
90:
76:
349:
The British PE4 consists of 88.0% RDX, 1.0% pentaerythrite dioleate and 11.0% DG-29
2089:
1972:
1493:
1045:
1009:
980:
901:
471:
462:
C-4 is manufactured by combining the above ingredients with binders dissolved in a
350:
281:
868:
measured from a series of 50 fingerprints left after a single contact impression.
526:, such as when a detonator inserted into it is fired. When detonated, C-4 rapidly
1433:
915:" similar to that of ethanol. Others would ingest C-4, commonly obtained from a
893:
800:
370:
339:
267:
but with a plasticizer different from that used in Composition C-4, is known as
241:
86:
1805:
1763:
1235:
863:, each analysis must be individually handled using magnifying equipment. The
711:
628:
555:
523:
515:
311:
253:
1627:
1285:
791:
dysfunction is observed. If ingested, patients may be administered a dose of
17:
2105:
1996:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Army. 27 August 2008. p. 6.
1338:
1262:"Differentiation of Composition C4 Based on the Analysis of the Process Oil"
931:
905:
531:
519:
343:
257:
237:
1964:
1938:"Automated Mapping of Explosives Particles in Composition C-4 Fingerprints"
1877:
1823:
1478:
1771:
1735:
498:
961:
860:
851:
804:
1526:
1277:
1025:
919:, to induce temporary illness in the hope of being sent on sick leave.
816:
463:
245:
1662:. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives. Archived from
1470:
1100:
796:
624:
543:
2119:
Ch. 137. "Reclamation of RDX from C-4 Explosives" by the Jolly Roger
342:
often called "process oil". Instead of "process oil", low-viscosity
820:
560:
497:
362:
1936:
Verkouteren, Jennifer R.; Coleman, Jessica L.; Cho, Inho (2010).
429:
Max heat of detonation with gaseous water, kilocalories per gram
1901:"Thresholding in Imaging Particle Analysis (A four part series)"
1095:
1075:
897:
639:
421:
Max heat of detonation with liquid water, kilocalories per gram
1060:
A demolition charge being assembled from multiple sticks of C-4
850:, and the other components commonly found in C-4 are generally
307:
264:
233:
175:
1694:
Department of the Army Technical Manual – Military Explosives
1401:
Department of the Army Technical Manual – Military Explosives
1311:
Department of the Army Technical Manual – Military Explosives
361:) as the binder; a taggant (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane,
1180:
Rudolf Meyer; Josef Köhler; Axel Homburg (September 2007).
2166:
Accurate Energetic Systems M112 Demolition Block datasheet
1800:(5). U.S. Army Hospital, Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo: 251–252.
1660:
ATF Law Enforcement Guide to Explosives Incident Reporting
448:
with density of 1.58 grams per cubic centimeter, kilobars
1691:
Headquarters, U.S. Department of the Army (25 Sep 1990),
1398:
Headquarters, U.S. Department of the Army (25 Sep 1990),
1308:
Headquarters, U.S. Department of the Army (25 Sep 1990),
1207:
Headquarters, U.S. Department of the Army (25 Sep 1990),
244:
to make it malleable, and usually a marker or odorizing
1364:
1362:
1360:
534:
as well as other gases. The detonation proceeds at an
240:
agent. C-4 is composed of explosives, plastic binder,
1379:. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. pp. 4–5
554:
Military grade C-4 is commonly packaged as the M112
346:
is used in the manufacture of C-4 for civilian use.
1828:
C4 contains 90% cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)
1024:Wrapping on packaged C-4 indicate that it has been
263:A similar British plastic explosive, also based on
207:
189:
181:
171:
158:
150:
142:
134:
129:
121:
113:
105:
100:
82:
72:
67:
59:
51:
32:
2150:American Ordnance M183 Demolition Charge datasheet
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
896:era would sometimes use small amounts of C-4 as a
2142:American Ordnance M112 Demolition Block datasheet
1994:FM 3–34.214 (FM 5–250) Explosives and Demolitions
1686:
1684:
1494:"Grosse Point Blank Microwave C4 Mercury Switch"
1260:Reardon, Michelle R.; Bender, Edward C. (2005).
2158:Ensign-Bickford M112 Demolition Block datasheet
2090:"Attorney General, on Khobar Towers Indictment"
310:("Research Department Explosive", an explosive
1012:into a block of C-4 to ready it for detonation
827:for unreacted explosive, chemical spot tests,
2038:"May 13, 1985: Philadelphia Police Bomb MOVE"
1609:. Headquarters, Department of the Army. 1971.
1377:C4: Characteristics, Properties, and Overview
669:test with 2 kilogram weight / BM APP (% TNT)
658:test with 2 kilogram weight / PA APP (% TNT)
8:
2125:Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1576:"Steel cutting with high-explosive charges"
437:Remains plastic with no exudation, Celsius
391:of the mixture, grams per cubic centimeter
322:(DOA) as the plasticizer (to increase the
29:
2194:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1956
2063:"Bomb type and tactics point to al-Qaida"
1813:
1709:
1707:
1847:. National Academies Press. p. 46.
1794:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
1783:
1781:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
983:. Composition C-4 has also been used in
644:
522:. Detonation can be initiated only by a
383:
1117:
998:
514:to most physical shocks. C-4 cannot be
326:of the explosive), thickened with 2.1%
248:chemical. C-4 has a texture similar to
1601:
1599:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
538:of 8,092 m/s (26,550 ft/s).
1910:. ParticleImaging.com. Archived from
1255:
1253:
1216:, pp. A-13 (323), archived from
979:, a U.S. military housing complex in
7:
1728:10.1001/archinte.1969.00300220078015
873:gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
640:1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene
1626:. American Ordnance. Archived from
930:have used C-4 worldwide in acts of
710:Minimum detonating charge, gram of
2061:Whitaker, Brian (21 August 2003).
1574:Dennis, James A. (December 1965).
960:Composition C-4 is recommended in
25:
2133:Military Explosives TM 9-1300-214
2115:The Original Anarchist's Cookbook
1432:. Holston Army Ammunition Plant:
1210:Military Explosives TM 9-1300-214
381:for the Composition C-4 follows.
367:hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
1987:"Chapter 1: Military Explosives"
1957:10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01272.x
1053:
1037:
1017:
1001:
900:for heating rations, as it will
565:pressure-sensitive adhesive tape
488:X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
377:Technical data according to the
302:The Composition C-4 used by the
95:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
40:
2088:Ashcroft, John (21 June 2001).
971:, killing 17 sailors. In 1996,
530:to release nitrogen, water and
484:secondary ion mass spectrometry
1790:"A plastic explosive by mouth"
947:Philadelphia Police Department
724:measured by Sand test (% TNT)
314:), bound by a mixture of 5.3%
1:
1407:, pp. 8–37–38 (124–125).
854:; this makes it possible for
402:, grams per cubic centimeter
55:High-yield chemical explosive
1945:Journal of Forensic Sciences
1370:"Introduction to Explosives"
1337:Harris, Tom (20 June 2002).
1266:Journal of Forensic Sciences
985:improvised explosive devices
825:scanning electron microscopy
756:detonation meters per second
735:measured by plate dent test
601:Safety testing of explosives
27:Variety of plastic explosive
1788:K Fichtner, MD (May 2002).
1549:"Explosives and Terrorists"
1137:"Explosives – Compositions"
934:and insurgency, as well as
271:(Plastic Explosive No. 4).
224:is a common variety of the
138:1.25 lb (0.57 kg)
2215:
1806:10.1177/014107680209500510
1498:Carnegie Mellon University
649:reported by the U.S. Army.
594:
304:United States Armed Forces
287:Phillips Petroleum Company
1764:10.3109/15563658608992595
1186:. Wiley-VCH. p. 63.
977:blow up the Khobar Towers
892:U.S. soldiers during the
829:thin-layer chromatography
691:test, percent explosions
680:test, percent explosions
581:mine-clearing line charge
166:
162:1.5 in (3.8 cm)
60:Place of origin
39:
1425:Owens, Jim; Vinh, Paul.
1091:Polymer-bonded explosive
904:unless detonated with a
815:If C-4 is marked with a
799:some of the toxins, and
579:Other forms include the
293:Characteristics and uses
1908:www.particleimaging.com
1106:Use forms of explosives
975:terrorists used C-4 to
646:Sensitivity test values
563:-film container with a
154:2 in (5.1 cm)
146:11 in (28 cm)
2042:Zinn Education Project
2010:Herr, Michael (1977).
1700:, pp. A-13 (323).
877:solid phase extraction
612:sympathetic detonation
503:
379:Department of the Army
2106:HowStuffWorks article
1868:Allman, Jr., Robert.
1653:"Military Explosives"
1236:"US Patent 3,018,203"
945:On May 13, 1985, the
865:cross polarized light
837:infrared spectroscopy
833:X-ray crystallography
745:detonation at density
700:Explosion temperature
623:or 0.1 grams of
595:Further information:
501:
357:and 8.8% mineral oil
130:Specifications (M112)
1458:Analytical Chemistry
803:intramuscularly and
413:, calories per gram
2127:Volume 3 (Archived)
1752:Clinical Toxicology
1553:The First Responder
1523:Ribbands Explosives
1436:OSI. Archived from
953:on the home of the
651:
585:M18A1 Claymore Mine
446:Detonation pressure
182:Filling weight
2184:British inventions
1278:10.1520/JFS2004307
1223:on 19 August 2022.
1141:GlobalSecurity.org
936:domestic terrorism
766:Ballistic pendulum
645:
536:explosive velocity
504:
353:(corresp. to 2.2%
101:Production history
2023:978-0-679-73525-0
1854:978-0-309-06126-1
1519:"C4 product page"
1471:10.1021/ac101116r
1465:(17): 7237–7248.
1443:on July 19, 2013.
1193:978-3-527-31656-4
1147:on 19 August 2022
955:MOVE organization
906:primary explosive
775:
774:
678:Pendulum friction
636:shock sensitivity
597:Explosives safety
455:
454:
432:1.40 (5.9 MJ/kg)
424:1.59 (6.7 MJ/kg)
411:Heat of formation
260:or blasting cap.
226:plastic explosive
215:
214:
16:(Redirected from
2206:
2094:
2093:
2092:(Press release).
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1905:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1876:. Archived from
1865:
1859:
1858:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1817:
1785:
1776:
1775:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1668:
1657:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:on 22 March 2015
1632:
1625:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1580:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1525:. Archived from
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1431:
1422:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1374:
1366:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1334:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1305:
1290:
1289:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1238:. Google Patents
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1215:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1143:. Archived from
1133:
1057:
1041:
1021:
1005:
989:Iraqi insurgents
928:Terrorist groups
923:Use in terrorism
856:forensic science
652:
650:
567:on one surface.
416:−32.9 to −33.33
384:
369:, along with an
355:lithium stearate
338:, and 1.6% of a
332:synthetic rubber
316:dioctyl sebacate
228:family known as
208:Blast yield
44:
35:
30:
21:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2174:
2173:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1917:on 3 April 2015
1914:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1880:on 23 July 2014
1867:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1716:Arch Intern Med
1713:
1712:
1705:
1697:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1669:on 19 July 2014
1666:
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1358:
1348:
1346:
1345:. HowStuffWorks
1343:How Stuff Works
1339:"How C-4 Works"
1336:
1335:
1322:
1314:
1307:
1306:
1293:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1167:Composition C-4
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1022:
1013:
1006:
997:
973:Saudi Hezbollah
966:attack the USS
940:state terrorism
925:
890:
885:
846:RDX has a high
813:
793:active charcoal
789:central nervous
785:
780:
648:
647:
603:
593:
573:satchel charges
552:
496:
460:
400:Nominal density
389:maximum density
328:polyisobutylene
320:dioctyl adipate
300:
295:
277:
222:Composition C-4
202:detonating cord
194:
192:
167:
93:
89:
68:Service history
47:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2199:Modelling clay
2196:
2191:
2186:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2129:
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2101:
2100:External links
2098:
2096:
2095:
2080:
2053:
2029:
2022:
2002:
1978:
1951:(2): 334–340.
1928:
1891:
1860:
1853:
1832:
1777:
1758:(4): 305–319.
1741:
1722:(6): 726–730.
1703:
1680:
1644:
1612:
1595:
1592:on 2019-05-02.
1566:
1547:Nordin, John.
1539:
1510:
1484:
1446:
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1199:
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1172:
1169:. Paul Lezica.
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707:
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702:test, Celsius
696:
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685:
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663:
662:
659:
629:nonhygroscopic
592:
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351:lithium grease
299:
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250:modelling clay
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1583:apps.dtic.mil
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1540:
1529:on 2017-05-17
1528:
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1492:Nagy, Brian.
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1099:
1097:
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1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Composition B
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1046:blasting caps
1040:
1035:
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1004:
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986:
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920:
918:
917:Claymore mine
914:
909:
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903:
899:
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882:
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878:
874:
869:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
848:birefringence
844:
842:
841:sulfuric acid
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
811:Investigation
810:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
782:
777:
770:
768:test percent
767:
764:
763:
759:
757:
753:
752:
748:
746:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
713:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
665:
664:
660:
657:
654:
653:
643:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
617:
616:shaped charge
613:
608:
602:
598:
590:
588:
586:
582:
577:
574:
568:
566:
562:
557:
549:
547:
545:
539:
537:
533:
532:carbon oxides
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
500:
493:
491:
489:
485:
479:
475:
473:
469:
468:lead chromate
465:
457:
450:
447:
444:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
398:
397:
393:
390:
386:
385:
382:
380:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:contains 91%
305:
297:
292:
290:
288:
283:
274:
272:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:, which uses
231:
230:Composition C
227:
223:
219:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
188:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
99:
96:
92:
91:War on Terror
88:
85:
81:
78:
77:United States
75:
71:
66:
63:United States
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
19:
18:C-4 explosive
2131:
2124:
2113:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2067:The Guardian
2066:
2056:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2012:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1981:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1919:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1907:
1899:Brown, Lew.
1894:
1882:. Retrieved
1878:the original
1873:
1870:"Explosives"
1863:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1797:
1793:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1719:
1715:
1693:
1671:. Retrieved
1664:the original
1659:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1628:the original
1615:
1606:
1587:the original
1582:
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1552:
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1527:the original
1522:
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:
1487:
1462:
1456:
1449:
1438:the original
1400:
1393:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1310:
1269:
1265:
1240:. Retrieved
1229:
1218:the original
1209:
1202:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:the original
1064:
1010:blasting cap
1008:Inserting a
981:Saudi Arabia
967:
959:
944:
926:
910:
891:
870:
845:
814:
786:
765:
755:
744:
732:
721:
699:
689:Rifle bullet
688:
677:
666:
655:
633:
604:
578:
569:
553:
540:
506:C-4 is very
505:
480:
476:
461:
445:
410:
399:
388:
387:Theoretical
376:
348:
301:
282:World War II
278:
268:
262:
221:
217:
216:
117:1956–current
73:Used by
1555:. AristaTek
1434:BAE Systems
1028:for easier
894:Vietnam War
888:Vietnam War
801:haloperidol
738:115 to 130
705:263 to 290
512:insensitive
458:Manufacture
440:−57 to +77
371:antioxidant
340:mineral oil
298:Composition
275:Development
242:plasticizer
87:Vietnam War
2189:Explosives
2178:Categories
2047:2024-05-13
2013:Dispatches
1533:2014-05-21
1183:Explosives
1113:References
1044:Inserting
951:a C-4 bomb
819:, such as
712:lead azide
621:lead azide
556:demolition
528:decomposes
520:microwaves
494:Detonation
472:lamp black
324:plasticity
312:nitroamine
254:shock wave
191:Detonation
125:PE-4, M112
2016:. Knopf.
1286:0022-1198
1030:detection
932:terrorism
859:130
852:isotropic
607:sensitive
524:shockwave
516:detonated
344:motor oil
334:) as the
318:(DOS) or
258:detonator
238:explosive
193:mechanism
2169:Archived
2161:Archived
2153:Archived
2145:Archived
2137:Archived
2109:Archived
2073:July 11,
2069:. London
1965:20102455
1824:11983768
1479:20698494
1234:D, G.E.
1069:See also
962:al-Qaeda
949:dropped
805:diazepam
783:Toxicity
778:Analysis
754:Rate of
743:Rate of
733:Brisance
722:Brisance
661:>100
470:and 10%
405:1.72658
330:(PIB, a
122:Variants
114:Produced
106:Designed
1973:5640135
1921:19 July
1884:19 July
1815:1279680
1772:3746987
1736:5353482
1673:15 July
1637:19 July
1559:14 July
1503:14 July
1383:18 July
1349:14 July
1242:15 July
1151:14 July
995:Gallery
817:taggant
571:larger
464:solvent
256:from a
246:taggant
236:as its
200:-based
172:Filling
2020:
1971:
1963:
1851:
1822:
1812:
1770:
1734:
1621:"M112"
1477:
1284:
1190:
1101:Semtex
1026:tagged
835:, and
797:adsorb
667:Impact
656:Impact
625:tetryl
591:Safety
544:I-beam
508:stable
336:binder
159:Height
143:Length
1990:(PDF)
1969:S2CID
1941:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1656:(PDF)
1631:(PDF)
1624:(PDF)
1590:(PDF)
1579:(PDF)
1441:(PDF)
1430:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1315:(PDF)
1221:(PDF)
1214:(PDF)
760:8000
749:1.59
561:Mylar
394:1.75
363:DMDNB
151:Width
2075:2009
2018:ISBN
1961:PMID
1923:2014
1886:2014
1849:ISBN
1820:PMID
1768:PMID
1732:PMID
1675:2014
1639:2014
1561:2014
1505:2014
1475:PMID
1385:2014
1351:2014
1282:ISSN
1244:2014
1188:ISBN
1153:2014
1096:ANFO
1086:Fuse
1076:Bomb
968:Cole
938:and
913:high
902:burn
898:fuel
821:DMNB
771:130
727:116
716:0.2
634:The
614:and
599:and
583:and
550:Form
510:and
486:and
451:257
269:PE-4
211:High
198:PETN
135:Mass
109:1956
83:Wars
52:Type
34:C-4
1953:doi
1810:PMC
1802:doi
1760:doi
1724:doi
1720:124
1467:doi
1274:doi
987:by
883:Use
795:to
694:20
308:RDX
265:RDX
234:RDX
220:or
218:C-4
185:91%
176:RDX
2180::
2065:.
2040:.
1992:.
1967:.
1959:.
1949:55
1947:.
1943:.
1906:.
1872:.
1826:.
1818:.
1808:.
1798:95
1796:.
1792:.
1780:^
1766:.
1756:24
1754:.
1730:.
1718:.
1706:^
1683:^
1658:.
1598:^
1581:.
1551:.
1521:.
1496:.
1473:.
1463:82
1461:.
1413:^
1375:.
1359:^
1341:.
1323:^
1294:^
1280:.
1270:50
1268:.
1264:.
1252:^
1139:.
1120:^
991:.
942:.
861:ng
831:,
683:0
672:—
631:.
587:.
359:BP
289:.
2077:.
2050:.
2026:.
1975:.
1955::
1925:.
1888:.
1857:.
1804::
1774:.
1762::
1738:.
1726::
1677:.
1641:.
1563:.
1536:.
1507:.
1481:.
1469::
1387:.
1353:.
1317:.
1288:.
1276::
1246:.
1196:.
1155:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
