1372:
133:
36:
238:, where 80% of the asteroids are of this type, whereas only 40% of asteroids at 2 au (300 million km; 190 million mi) from the Sun are C-type. The proportion of C-types may actually be greater than this, since C-types are much darker (and hence
331:
absorption at wavelengths below about 0.4 μm to 0.5 μm, while at longer wavelengths they are largely featureless but slightly reddish. The so-called "water" absorption feature of around 3 μm, which can be an indication of water content in minerals, is also present.
1259:
1408:
1292:
1307:
721:
689:
335:
Due to their volatile-rich (icy) composition, C-type asteroids have relatively low density. A survey of 20 C-type asteroids found an average density of
758:
736:
1401:
913:
898:
821:
963:
908:
903:
858:
826:
716:
868:
661:
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1673:
1394:
1678:
1525:
1312:
920:
536:
481:
119:
53:
505:
100:
1457:
1338:
57:
375:, the C-type is grouped along with three less numerous types into a wider C-group of carbonaceous asteroids which contains:
72:
1616:
1274:
684:
706:
79:
1442:
1284:
952:
473:
1606:
1596:
528:
753:
1601:
701:
86:
1437:
324:
1621:
1505:
1417:
1094:
983:
974:
776:
654:
436:
404:
372:
347:
68:
46:
553:
1542:
301:
259:
1447:
1297:
711:
509:
1515:
1333:
893:
351:
313:
604:
1375:
647:
317:
1500:
1452:
1302:
833:
731:
627:
585:
532:
477:
223:
93:
1626:
1269:
619:
575:
565:
152:
554:"VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis"
457:
1547:
1490:
1475:
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1221:
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1211:
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1107:
1082:
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1067:
1062:
1057:
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1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1006:
1001:
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957:
885:
848:
743:
726:
487:
418:
392:
387:
379:
355:
293:
243:
605:"Phase II of the Small Main-Belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey A Feature-Based Taxonomy"
458:"Distribution of taxonomic classes and the compositional structure of the asteroid belt"
1562:
1530:
1495:
853:
806:
796:
694:
1667:
1586:
1485:
1480:
875:
843:
838:
801:
748:
239:
219:
1652:
1425:
1363:
1328:
880:
786:
309:
270:
136:
570:
462:
27:
Asteroid spectral type; most common variety, forming around 75% of known asteroids
1642:
1591:
1552:
1343:
925:
791:
328:
35:
17:
1611:
1557:
297:
631:
589:
1647:
1537:
1386:
816:
781:
343:
305:
265:(types CI and CM). The latter are very close in chemical composition to the
262:
227:
132:
623:
491:
426:
Cb type corresponding to transition objects between the SMASS C and B types
246:
and others that lie mostly at the extreme outer edge of the asteroid belt.
211:, in addition to rocks and minerals. They have an average density of about
414:
a core C-type for asteroids having the most "typical" spectra in the group
1467:
1251:
944:
935:
768:
670:
274:
255:
200:
195:
580:
292:
typically in the 0.03 to 0.10 range. Consequently, whereas a number of
282:
469:
289:
278:
208:
204:
147:
1578:
1358:
131:
231:
1390:
643:
266:
235:
29:
639:
161:
182:
176:
167:
179:
460:. In Binzel, R. P.; Gehrels, T.; Matthews, M. S. (eds.).
203:. They are volatile-rich and distinguished by a very low
199:
are the most common variety, forming around 75% of known
456:
Gradie, J. C.; Chapman, C. R.; Tedesco, E. F. (1989).
207:
because their composition includes a large amount of
185:
173:
158:
155:
304:, even the largest C-type asteroids require a small
164:
1635:
1577:
1514:
1466:
1424:
1321:
1283:
1250:
1093:
982:
973:
943:
934:
767:
677:
506:"Asteroids: Structure and composition of asteroids"
170:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
461:
411:B-type corresponding to the Tholen B and F-types
423:Ch type with an absorption feature around 0.7μm
308:. The potentially brightest C-type asteroid is
1402:
655:
417:Cg and Cgh types corresponding to the Tholen
342:The largest unequivocally C-type asteroid is
242:) than most other asteroid types, except for
218:They lie most often at the outer edge of the
8:
354:, here as well, because that scheme lacks a
1430:
1409:
1395:
1387:
979:
940:
662:
648:
640:
288:C-type asteroids are extremely dark, with
579:
569:
285:(water-containing) minerals are present.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
525:The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Meteorites
407:, the wider C-group contains the types:
448:
991:
892:Outer Solar System, does not include
7:
1102:
316:means it rarely reaches its maximum
58:adding citations to reliable sources
603:Bus, S. J.; Binzel, R. P. (2002).
552:Vernazza, P.; et al. (2021).
25:
1371:
1370:
865:Between Earth and the main belt
151:
34:
1260:Asteroids visited by spacecraft
45:needs additional citations for
312:, but that object's very high
1:
350:places the largest asteroid,
254:Asteroids of this class have
558:Astronomy & Astrophysics
296:can normally be viewed with
571:10.1051/0004-6361/202141781
523:Norton, O. Richard (2002).
474:University of Arizona Press
1700:
529:Cambridge University Press
327:contain moderately strong
1684:C-type asteroids (Tholen)
1674:Asteroid spectral classes
1433:
1418:Small Solar System bodies
1354:
1308:Discovering observatories
258:very similar to those of
1679:C-type asteroids (SMASS)
690:Physical characteristics
230:; 330 million
437:Asteroid spectral types
362:C-group classifications
226:(520 million
1543:Trans-Neptunian object
1339:Asteroids in astrology
624:10.1006/icar.2002.6856
260:carbonaceous chondrite
140:
894:distant minor planets
754:Palomar–Leiden survey
712:Gravitational keyhole
373:Tholen classification
281:and other volatiles.
135:
1516:Distant minor planet
1334:Asteroids in fiction
531:. pp. 121–124.
476:. pp. 316–335.
405:SMASS classification
348:SMASS classification
54:improve this article
139:, a C-type asteroid
813:Interior to Earth
269:and the primitive
141:
1661:
1660:
1573:
1572:
1458:Meanings of names
1384:
1383:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
685:Notable asteroids
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"C-type asteroid"
16:(Redirected from
1691:
1431:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1374:
1373:
980:
941:
914:Neptune-crossers
899:Jupiter-crossers
886:Active asteroids
822:Mercury-crossers
722:Close approaches
702:Impact avoidance
664:
657:
650:
641:
635:
609:
594:
593:
583:
573:
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543:
542:
520:
514:
513:
502:
496:
495:
467:
453:
367:C-group (Tholen)
338:
294:S-type asteroids
214:
192:
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188:
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181:
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175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
18:C-type asteroids
1699:
1698:
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1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1631:
1569:
1510:
1462:
1420:
1415:
1385:
1380:
1350:
1317:
1279:
1238:
1089:
969:
930:
909:Uranus-crossers
904:Saturn-crossers
807:Neptune trojans
797:Jupiter trojans
763:
673:
668:
636:
607:
602:
598:
597:
551:
550:
546:
539:
522:
521:
517:
504:
503:
499:
484:
455:
454:
450:
445:
433:
401:
399:C-group (SMASS)
369:
364:
346:, although the
336:
252:
250:Characteristics
240:less detectable
212:
154:
150:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1697:
1695:
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1681:
1676:
1666:
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1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1617:Near-parabolic
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:Scattered disc
1560:
1555:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1531:Neptune trojan
1528:
1520:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1506:Spectral types
1503:
1498:
1496:Jupiter trojan
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
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1434:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1406:
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1391:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1367:
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1355:
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1348:
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1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1313:Space missions
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1287:
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1280:
1278:
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1267:
1262:
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1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
988:
986:
977:
971:
970:
968:
967:
960:
955:
949:
947:
938:
936:Classification
932:
931:
929:
928:
923:
918:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
890:
889:
888:
883:
873:
872:
871:
863:
862:
861:
859:Earth-crossers
856:
851:
846:
841:
831:
830:
829:
827:Venus-crossers
824:
819:
811:
810:
809:
804:
802:Uranus trojans
799:
794:
789:
784:
773:
771:
765:
764:
762:
761:
759:Contact binary
756:
751:
746:
741:
740:
739:
734:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
698:
697:
695:dynamic method
687:
681:
679:
675:
674:
669:
667:
666:
659:
652:
644:
638:
637:
618:(1): 146–177.
601:
596:
595:
544:
537:
515:
497:
482:
447:
446:
444:
441:
440:
439:
432:
429:
428:
427:
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421:
415:
412:
400:
397:
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390:
385:
382:
368:
365:
363:
360:
251:
248:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1696:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1654:
1651:
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1646:
1644:
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1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:Asteroid belt
1484:
1482:
1481:Aten asteroid
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Minor planets
1423:
1419:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1377:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Minor planets
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1048:small classes
1046:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
978:
976:
972:
966:
965:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
946:
942:
939:
937:
933:
927:
924:
922:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
891:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
877:
876:Asteroid belt
874:
870:
869:Mars crossers
867:
866:
864:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
812:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Earth trojans
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
775:
774:
772:
770:
766:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:Asteroid pair
747:
745:
742:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
717:Earth-crosser
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
680:
676:
672:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
645:
642:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
606:
600:
599:
591:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
548:
545:
540:
538:0-521-62143-7
534:
530:
527:. Cambridge:
526:
519:
516:
511:
507:
501:
498:
493:
489:
485:
483:0-8165-1123-3
479:
475:
471:
466:
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459:
452:
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430:
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422:
420:
416:
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391:
389:
386:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
374:
366:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
337:1.7 g/cm
333:
330:
326:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
261:
257:
249:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:asteroid belt
216:
213:1.7 g/cm
210:
206:
202:
198:
197:
190:
149:
145:
138:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1653:Space debris
1364:Minor planet
1329:Asteroid Day
1275:Colonization
1206:
1112:
1047:
1011:
962:
926:Exoasteroids
881:Kirkwood gap
792:Mars trojans
782:Venus trojan
769:Distribution
615:
611:
581:10261/263281
561:
557:
547:
524:
518:
500:
464:Asteroids II
463:
451:
402:
370:
341:
334:
322:
314:eccentricity
310:324 Bamberga
287:
271:solar nebula
253:
217:
194:
148:carbonaceous
143:
142:
137:253 Mathilde
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1643:Cosmic dust
1607:Long-period
1597:Halley-type
1553:Kuiper belt
1438:Designation
1344:occultation
1252:Exploration
1207:small types
329:ultraviolet
234:) from the
222:, 3.5
1668:Categories
1648:Meteoroids
1627:Sungrazing
1602:Hyperbolic
1558:Oort cloud
1501:Near-Earth
1293:Near-Earth
834:Near-Earth
817:Vulcanoids
443:References
302:opposition
298:binoculars
263:meteorites
80:newspapers
1538:Damocloid
671:Asteroids
632:0019-1035
590:0004-6361
344:10 Hygiea
318:magnitude
306:telescope
201:asteroids
196:asteroids
110:June 2010
1622:Periodic
1548:Detached
1468:Asteroid
1376:Category
975:Spectral
921:Centaurs
707:Tracking
492:2199416M
431:See also
283:Hydrated
275:hydrogen
1587:Extinct
1526:Centaur
1322:Related
1270:Capture
1222:Ld-type
1186:X-group
1132:S-group
1103:C-group
1024:X-group
992:C-group
945:Orbital
777:Trojans
737:contact
403:In the
371:In the
352:1 Ceres
325:spectra
290:albedos
256:spectra
244:D-types
94:scholar
1579:Comets
1491:Family
1476:Active
1443:Groups
1265:Mining
1232:V-type
1227:O-type
1217:D-type
1212:T-type
1191:X-type
1162:S-type
1157:L-type
1152:K-type
1147:R-type
1142:Q-type
1137:A-type
1113:C-type
1108:B-type
1083:V-type
1078:R-type
1073:Q-type
1068:T-type
1063:J-type
1058:D-type
1053:A-type
1039:P-type
1034:E-type
1029:M-type
1019:S-type
1012:C-type
1007:G-type
1002:F-type
997:B-type
984:Tholen
964:(list)
958:Family
849:Apollo
744:Active
727:Binary
630:
612:Icarus
588:
535:
490:
480:
470:Tucson
419:G-type
393:G-type
388:F-type
384:C-type
380:B-type
356:G-type
323:Their
279:helium
273:minus
209:carbon
205:albedo
144:C-type
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1636:Other
1592:Great
1359:Comet
1285:Lists
1095:SMASS
953:Group
854:Atira
608:(PDF)
564:A56.
101:JSTOR
87:books
1612:Lost
1453:Moon
1448:List
1303:Lost
844:Amor
839:Aten
732:moon
678:Main
628:ISSN
586:ISSN
533:ISBN
478:ISBN
73:news
1123:Cgh
620:doi
616:158
576:hdl
566:doi
562:654
510:ESA
300:at
267:Sun
236:Sun
162:ɑːr
56:by
1670::
1201:Xk
1198:Xc
1195:Xe
1178:Sl
1175:Sk
1172:Sr
1169:Sq
1166:Sa
1126:Cb
1120:Ch
1117:Cg
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232:mi
228:km
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177:eɪ
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186:s
183:ə
180:ʃ
174:n
171:ˈ
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159:k
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