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747:. He believed that in practice this deprived British elites (in politics, administration, and industry) of adequate preparation for managing the modern scientific world. By contrast, Snow said, German and American schools sought to prepare their citizens equally in the sciences and humanities, and better scientific teaching enabled those countries' rulers to compete more effectively in a scientific age. Later discussion of
718:, which is the scientific equivalent of saying, 'Can you read?' – not more than one in ten of the highly educated would have felt that I was speaking the same language. So the great edifice of modern physics goes up, and the majority of the cleverest people in the western world have about as much insight into it as their
692:
A good many times I have been present at gatherings of people who, by the standards of the traditional culture, are thought highly educated and who have with considerable gusto been expressing their incredulity at the illiteracy of scientists. Once or twice I have been provoked and have asked the
686:, the lecture argued that the breakdown of communication between the "two cultures" of modern society – the sciences and the humanities – was a major hindrance to solving the world's problems. In particular, Snow argues that the quality of education in the world is on the decline. He wrote:
758:
in his
Richmond Lecture of 1962 whose subject was "The Two Cultures", something that has come to be referred to as "the two cultures controversy". Although it was seen as a personal attack against Snow, Leavis maintained that he was targeting how public debates worked.
577:. It deals with the internal politics of a Cambridge college as it prepares to elect a new master. With the appeal of an insider's view, the novel depicts concerns other than the strictly academic that influence decisions of supposedly objective scholars.
365:, graduating with a first in chemistry in 1927 and an MSc the following year. Upon leaving Leicester, Snow gained a prestigious Keddey-Fletcher-Warr postgraduate studentship worth £200, allowing him to embark on doctoral research at
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As delivered in 1959, Snow's Rede
Lectures specifically condemned the British educational system, as having since the Victorian period over-rewarded the humanities (especially
521:. The two became friends, worked together in the civil service and wrote versions of each other into their novels: Snow was the model for the college dean, Robert, in Cooper's
357:
In 1923, he passed the intermediate
British School Certificate, but remained at Alderman Newton's to work as a laboratory assistant for a further two years. In 1925 he began a
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tended to obscure Snow's initial focus on differences between
British systems (of both schooling and social class) and those of competing countries.
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to
William Snow, a church organist and choirmaster, and his wife Ada, Charles Snow was the second of four boys, his brothers being Harold, Eric and
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697:. The response was cold: it was also negative. Yet I was asking something which is about the scientific equivalent of: 'Have you read a work of
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For the academic year 1961 to 1962, Snow and his wife both served as
Fellows on the faculty in the Center for Advanced Studies at
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in which he depicts intellectuals in modern academic and government settings. The best-known of the sequence is
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Lord Snow of
Leicester was born at 40 Richmond Road Leicester. This plaque is displayed opposite his birthplace.
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used the first part of this quotation as the basis for their short monologue and song, "First and Second Law".
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from 1940 to 1944, and as a civil service commissioner from 1945 to 1960. He was appointed a
Commander of the
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1915:"Venturing the Real" Geoffrey Heptonstall (Contemporary Review June 2008) (Britannica On-line May 2010)
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I now believe that if I had asked an even simpler question – such as, What do you mean by
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1469:"This Month in Physics History: May 7, 1959: C.P. Snow Gives His "Two Cultures" Lecture"
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1552:"C.P. Snow facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about C.P. Snow"
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Snow served in several senior civil service positions: as technical director of the
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517:. At Christ's College he tutored H. S. Hoff – later better known as the novelist
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1630:"Letters to the Editor: George Steiner, Maugham in China, George Sand, etc"
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turned out to be incorrect, he withdrew from further scientific research.
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Markl, H (April 1994). "Dementia dichotoma—the 'two cultures' delusion".
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Frederick
Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
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569:. He is better known as the author of a sequence of novels entitled
418:. Snow was among the 2,300 names of prominent persons listed on the
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In 1944, he was appointed director of scientific personnel for the
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A time of renewal: clusters of characters, C. P. Snow, and co, ups
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324:. He is best known for his series of novels known collectively as
300:
1819:
Memoirs of a
Leavisite: The Decline and Fall of Cambridge English
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added a phrase to the language of the day. In 1974, Snow's novel
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1982:
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in 1950; they had one son. Friends included the mathematician
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312:(15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was an English novelist and
1730:
Guide to the Center for Advanced Studies Records, 1958–1969
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John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair
1750:"The James Tait Black Memorial Prizes: The Prize Winners"
780:
A telescope fesswise between two pens in saltire Proper.
373:
in physics from Cambridge in 1930, with a thesis on the
1905:. John de la Mothe. (University of Texas Press, 1992).
2490:
People educated at Alderman Newton's School, Leicester
639:– Snow makes a robust defence of the realistic novel.
316:
who also served in several important positions in the
1853:"Leavis v Snow: the two-cultures bust-up 50 years on"
495:, for whom he would write a biographical foreword in
1796:(2019) Snow's storm Vol 364, Issue 6439 pp. 430-432
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The Physicists: A Generation that Changed the World
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2281:Robert MacGregor Mitchell, Lord MacGregor Mitchell
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656:and is used to help elicit the criminal's motive.
607:, an examination of the work of eight novelists –
27:English novelist and physical chemist (1905–1980)
468:, on 29 October 1964. As a politician, Snow was
1131: ed.). Oxford: A & C Black.
1821:, Liverpool University Press, pp. 67–73,
1752:. Englit.ed.ac.uk. 21 May 2012. Archived from
978:The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution
684:The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution
480:from 1964 to 1966 in the Labour government of
2470:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
2125:
1994:
1298:Stranger and brother: a portrait of C.P. Snow
1266:(2010) "C.P. Snow's Two Cultures Revisited,"
8:
2505:Science and technology in the United Kingdom
2161:Sir Ralph Abercromby Anstruther, 4th Baronet
1939:Nicholas Tredell. (Palgrave Macmillan 2012).
1676:Shrapnel, Norman. Obituary, William Cooper,
693:company how many of them could describe the
2480:James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
2216:John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute
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2166:Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet
1522:(Supplement). 1 January 1943. p. 16.
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237:Physics, chemistry, literature (novelist)
2450:Alumni of University of London Worldwide
2236:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
1578:(Supplement). 1 January 1957. p. 2.
1492:(2019) 'The Two Cultures at Cambridge',
565:(1932). In 1975 he wrote a biography of
2500:Rectors of the University of St Andrews
2306:David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir
2142:Rectors of the University of St Andrews
1931:, Vol 26, No 2, pages 111–127. (1988).
1598:. 15 February 1957. pp. 1044–1045.
1541:, Book Club Associates, 1971, page 784.
1432:(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
1104:
987:, 1961, First Four Square Edition, 1963
452:, having the honour conferred by Queen
68:C. P. Snow in 1969 by Jack Manning for
2475:Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
1961:Rector of the University of St Andrews
1903:C P Snow and the Struggle of Modernity
766:
399:paper on a new method of synthesising
2465:Alumni of the University of Leicester
2460:Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
2191:Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne
1846:
1844:
1707:. Wesleyan University. Archived from
1283:. London: Cambridge University Press.
7:
2301:David Lindsay, 28th Earl of Crawford
1534:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1137:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U159735
800:On either side a Siamese Cat Proper.
598:was shortlisted for the Booker Prize
2296:David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter
1692:Recent Thoughts on the Two Cultures
790:Azure semy of snow crystals Proper.
2530:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
2455:Alumni of the University of London
1925:"The scientific papers of C P Snow
1851:Collini, Stefan (16 August 2013).
1341:"C. P. Snow's Desert Island Discs"
992:The Two Cultures and a Second Look
456:on 12 February, and was created a
25:
2525:20th-century English male writers
1425:The structure of simple molecules
1246:"Are We Beyond the Two Cultures?"
525:sequence. In 1960, Snow gave the
275:The Structure of Simple Molecules
1618:. 30 October 1964. p. 9195.
1496:, Volume 27, Issue 1, pp. 46–53
672:On 7 May 1959, Snow delivered a
2231:John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury
1784:at the Man Booker Prize website
1386:C.P. Snow: The Dynamics of Hope
1328:. Radcliffe Press. p. 234.
1281:The Two Cultures: A Second Look
587:James Tait Black Memorial Prize
208:
2445:20th-century English novelists
1937:C P Snow: The Dynamics of Hope
1921:. Paul Boytinck. (Hall, 1980).
361:external degree in science at
310:Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow
1:
2311:Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby
2201:Donald Mackay, 11th Lord Reay
1635:The Times Literary Supplement
1118:"Snow, Baron (Charles Percy)"
770:Coat of arms of The Lord Snow
505:, the X-ray crystallographer
393:of Christ's College. After a
363:University College, Leicester
144:University College, Leicester
2485:Labour Party (UK) life peers
1422:Snow, Charles Percy (1930).
1187:(6th Edition, 2001–2005). "
1144:UK public library membership
957:, 1974, shortlisted for the
810:Aut Inveniam Viam Aut Faciam
695:Second Law of Thermodynamics
533:, about the clashes between
2510:Wesleyan University faculty
2246:Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig
2181:Charles Neaves, Lord Neaves
1919:C P Snow: A Reference Guide
1682:, London, 7 September 2002.
1124:Who's Who & Who Was Who
642:The storyline of his novel
523:Scenes from Provincial Life
412:Order of the British Empire
367:Christ's College, Cambridge
2551:
2042:The Conscience of the Rich
1813:Ellis, David, ed. (2013),
1048:Trollope: His Life and Art
885:The Conscience of the Rich
823:
665:
487:Snow married the novelist
2535:Scientists from Leicester
2022:
1967:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1665:Christ's College Magazine
1502:10.1017/S1062798718000571
1477:American Physical Society
1191:" Accessed 26 July 2007.
1185:The Columbia Encyclopedia
722:ancestors would have had.
585:were jointly awarded the
557:Snow's first novel was a
509:, the cultural historian
498:A Mathematician's Apology
295:
226:
61:
2152:University of St Andrews
1300:. Macmillan. p. 3.
537:and F. Lindemann (later
435:English Electric Company
352:Alderman Newton's School
338:Early life and education
131:Alderman Newton's School
1802:10.1126/science.aaw9396
1129:Oxford University Press
543:Science and Government.
489:Pamela Hansford Johnson
470:parliamentary secretary
249:University of Cambridge
197:Pamela Hansford Johnson
149:University of Cambridge
2515:English male novelists
2495:Writers from Leicester
2186:Arthur Penrhyn Stanley
2049:The Light and the Dark
2015:Strangers and Brothers
1815:"The Richmond lecture"
1780:3 January 2010 at the
985:Science and Government
845:The Light and the Dark
838:Strangers and Brothers
826:Strangers and Brothers
818:Strangers and Brothers
571:Strangers and Brothers
478:Minister of Technology
350:, and was educated at
327:Strangers and Brothers
306:
167:Strangers and Brothers
2291:Sir George Cunningham
1739:, Wesleyan University
1735:14 March 2017 at the
1694:, Wesleyan University
1339:Plomley, Roy (1975).
754:Snow was attacked by
446:1957 New Year Honours
416:1943 New Year Honours
318:British Civil Service
304:
2321:Sir John Rothenstein
2176:James Anthony Froude
1711:on 24 September 2007
1410:Stranger and brother
1372:Stranger and brother
1359:Stranger and brother
1279:Snow, C. P. (1963).
836:(first published as
743:) at the expense of
389:In 1930 he became a
359:University of London
37:The Right Honourable
2351:Katharine Whitehorn
2196:Sir Theodore Martin
2091:The Sleep of Reason
1558:. Encyclopedia.com.
1384:Tredell, N (2012).
1270:magazine, pp. 48-57
1254:article, 7 May 2009
909:The Sleep of Reason
629:Benito Pérez Galdós
547:Wesleyan University
424:Special Search List
385:Career and research
320:and briefly in the
2326:Learie Constantine
2084:Corridors of Power
1929:History of Science
1756:on 15 January 2007
1667:231, 67–69, (2006)
1615:The London Gazette
1595:The London Gazette
1575:The London Gazette
1519:The London Gazette
1454:uk.bl.ethos.763531
1438:10.17863/CAM.31121
1217:10.1007/BF02026636
1036:The State of Siege
901:Corridors of Power
730:Flanders and Swann
646:is referred to in
591:Corridors of Power
531:Harvard University
408:Ministry of Labour
379:diatomic molecules
369:. He received his
307:
181:Corridors of Power
81:Charles Percy Snow
70:The New York Times
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2401:Catherine Stihler
2381:Sir Clement Freud
2346:Tim Brooke-Taylor
2276:Guglielmo Marconi
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1977:
1976:
1968:Succeeded by
1946:Academic offices
1911:978-0-292-72916-2
1886:Debrett's Peerage
1828:978-1-78138-711-5
1794:W. Patrick McCray
1638:. 27 March 2020.
1539:William L. Shirer
1142:(Subscription or
964:A Coat of Varnish
937:New Lives for Old
814:
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745:science education
648:Dorothy L. Sayers
621:Fyodor Dostoevsky
513:and the polymath
466:City of Leicester
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286:Doctoral students
228:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
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2361:Nicholas Parsons
2266:Wilfred Grenfell
2251:Sir J. M. Barrie
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679:The Two Cultures
668:The Two Cultures
661:The Two Cultures
613:Honoré de Balzac
567:Anthony Trollope
563:Death under Sail
503:Patrick Blackett
501:, the physicist
375:infrared spectra
332:The Two Cultures
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595:In Their Wisdom
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2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Arthur Balfour
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2035:George Passant
2031:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1877:
1840:
1827:
1805:
1786:
1767:
1741:
1722:
1696:
1684:
1669:
1656:
1621:
1601:
1581:
1561:
1543:
1525:
1505:
1490:Peter Lachmann
1482:
1459:
1414:
1401:
1394:
1376:
1363:
1350:
1331:
1313:
1306:
1285:
1272:
1256:
1238:
1193:
1170:
1149:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1089:
1051:
1045:
1042:Public Affairs
1039:
1033:
996:
988:
982:
972:
969:
968:
967:
961:
952:
946:
940:
934:
926:
923:
922:
921:
913:
905:
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889:
881:
873:
865:
857:
849:
841:
833:George Passant
824:Main article:
821:
815:
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808:
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
782:
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764:
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728:The satirists
726:
725:
724:
723:
705:
704:
703:
702:
666:Main article:
663:
658:
554:
551:
519:William Cooper
515:George Steiner
511:Jacques Barzun
474:House of Lords
386:
383:
339:
336:
297:
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293:
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159:Known for
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110:(aged 74)
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59:
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43:
40:
35:
26:
24:
14:
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2411:Leyla Hussein
2409:
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2359:
2357:
2356:Stanley Adams
2354:
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2209:
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2199:
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2179:
2177:
2174:
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2159:
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2148:
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2100:
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2079:
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2046:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1955:
1954:Baron Boothby
1949:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
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1896:
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1779:
1776:
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1509:
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1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:Anon (2017).
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1395:9781137271877
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1374:, pp. 25, 29.
1373:
1367:
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1354:
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1307:0-333-32680-6
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1251:Seed Magazine
1247:
1242:
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1234:
1230:
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1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:(4): 346–51.
1210:
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1138:
1134:
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1126:
1125:
1119:
1115:Anon (2017).
1111:
1109:
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925:Other fiction
924:
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681:
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675:
669:
662:
659:
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655:
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649:
645:
640:
638:
637:Marcel Proust
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
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601:
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592:
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584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
553:Literary work
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
539:Lord Cherwell
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:
494:
490:
485:
483:
482:Harold Wilson
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
440:
439:Eric Eastwood
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
414:(CBE) in the
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
397:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
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333:
329:
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322:UK government
319:
315:
311:
303:
294:
291:
290:Eric Eastwood
288:
284:
277:
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272:
270:
266:
260:
259:Civil Service
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247:
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198:
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96:
79:
75:
71:
65:
60:
55:
51:
47:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2415:Stella Maris
2406:Srđa Popović
2391:Kevin Dunion
2386:Simon Pepper
2315:
2221:James Stuart
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2028:Time of Hope
2026:
2013:
2009:
1959:
1936:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1885:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1857:The Guardian
1856:
1832:, retrieved
1818:
1808:
1789:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1744:
1725:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1699:
1687:
1679:The Guardian
1677:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1613:
1604:
1593:
1584:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1532:
1528:
1517:
1508:
1493:
1485:
1472:
1462:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1404:
1388:. Springer.
1385:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1353:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1297:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1264:Lisa Jardine
1259:
1250:
1241:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1184:
1152:
1122:
1091:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1021:Robert Frost
1013:Lloyd George
998:
990:
984:
976:
963:
959:Booker Prize
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
915:
907:
899:
891:
883:
875:
867:
859:
853:Time of Hope
851:
843:
837:
831:
817:
763:Publications
756:F. R. Leavis
753:
748:
734:
727:
716:acceleration
683:
677:
674:Rede Lecture
671:
660:
651:
643:
641:
605:The Realists
604:
602:
594:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
562:
556:
542:
535:Henry Tizard
522:
507:J. D. Bernal
496:
486:
461:
454:Elizabeth II
443:
432:
405:
394:
388:
356:
341:
325:
309:
308:
273:
242:Institutions
227:
179:
172:
165:
108:(1980-07-01)
69:
29:
2440:1980 deaths
2435:1905 births
2376:Andrew Neil
2331:John Cleese
2098:Last Things
2070:Homecomings
2063:The New Men
2056:The Masters
1715:23 November
1663:C. P. Snow
1610:"No. 43477"
1590:"No. 41003"
1570:"No. 40960"
1514:"No. 35841"
1322:Philip Snow
1294:Philip Snow
1204:Experientia
1189:Snow, C. P.
1074:Henry James
1005:H. G. Wells
971:Non-fiction
917:Last Things
877:Homecomings
869:The New Men
861:The Masters
699:Shakespeare
653:Gaudy Night
633:Henry James
625:Leo Tolstoy
583:The New Men
579:The Masters
575:The Masters
493:G. H. Hardy
348:Philip Snow
330:, and for "
119:Nationality
106:1 July 1980
2429:Categories
2341:Frank Muir
2336:Alan Coren
2316:C. P. Snow
2077:The Affair
2010:C. P. Snow
1965:1961–1964
1859:. London.
1705:"WesFacts"
1446:1085143960
1157:C. P. Snow
1146:required.)
1099:References
1066:Dostoevsky
1001:Rutherford
943:The Search
893:The Affair
796:Supporters
644:The Search
462:Baron Snow
377:of simple
87:1905-10-15
41:Baron Snow
2271:Jan Smuts
1870:19 August
1865:0261-3077
1834:19 August
1644:0307-661X
1430:cam.ac.uk
1017:Churchill
720:Neolithic
589:in 1954.
464:, of the
458:life peer
401:Vitamin A
344:Leicester
127:Education
97:, England
95:Leicester
18:C.P. Snow
1778:Archived
1775:C P Snow
1733:Archived
1649:29 March
1412:, p. 30.
1361:, p. 22.
1324:(1998).
1296:(1982).
1233:34079880
1127:(online
1082:Stendhal
1056:, 1978 (
1009:Einstein
609:Stendhal
559:whodunit
450:knighted
342:Born in
219:Children
1888:. 1973.
1760:22 June
1473:aps.org
1225:8174681
1086:Tolstoy
1062:Dickens
840:), 1940
676:called
476:to the
472:in the
448:he was
444:In the
428:Gestapo
213:
205:
201:
191:Spouses
122:English
1909:
1863:
1825:
1642:
1452:
1444:
1408:Snow,
1392:
1370:Snow,
1357:Snow,
1304:
1231:
1223:
1163:
1094:, 1981
1078:Proust
1070:Galdos
1058:Balzac
1050:, 1975
1044:, 1971
1038:, 1968
1032:, 1967
1029:Stalin
995:, 1963
981:, 1959
966:, 1979
951:, 1972
945:, 1934
939:, 1933
933:, 1932
920:, 1970
912:, 1968
904:, 1964
896:, 1959
888:, 1958
880:, 1956
872:, 1954
864:, 1951
856:, 1949
848:, 1947
820:series
786:Shield
396:Nature
391:Fellow
280:(1930)
278:
269:Thesis
234:Fields
1450:EThOS
1229:S2CID
806:Motto
776:Crest
741:Greek
737:Latin
714:, or
460:, as
420:Nazis
207:(
203:
151:(PhD)
52:
48:
1907:ISBN
1872:2023
1861:ISSN
1836:2023
1823:ISBN
1762:2012
1717:2009
1651:2020
1640:ISSN
1442:OCLC
1390:ISBN
1302:ISBN
1221:PMID
1161:IMDb
739:and
712:mass
701:'s?'
635:and
581:and
103:Died
77:Born
54:FRSL
2012:'s
1798:doi
1498:doi
1434:doi
1345:BBC
1213:doi
1159:at
1133:doi
650:'s
603:In
529:at
371:PhD
50:CBE
2431::
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1843:^
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1632:.
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85:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
