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324:. The magistrates who issued the premises licence had noted only a single exit from the gallery (where the majority of the deaths occurred) where there should have been two, but Phipps persuaded them that people climbing the railing at the front of the balcony and dropping to the Upper Circle below was a suitable and effective second exit. The verdict was of accidental death, but the coroner's jury found that the magistrates had been misled by Phipps and suggested that a licence should never have been issued. The coroner's jury noted that a
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348:. Shaw's report was also critical of Phipps and his design. Phipps attended the inquest and was "vigorous" and "sarcastic" in his defence of his work, pointing out that a number of elements in his plans had been changed or ignored during construction. The jury in this case also returned a verdict of accidental death. Ultimately, Shaw was able to use the results of the fire to bring about stricter theatre regulations, including the requirement for a safety curtain.
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were specified in the theatre's plans, but had not yet been installed in the building. They also criticised the lack of ceiling height above the gallery, which gave people less time to escape before being overcome by smoke.
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claimed the lives of 186 visitors and remains the worst theatre-related disaster, and third most deadly fire in UK history. There were two inquiries into the disaster, both of which placed significant blame on Phipps:
153:(25 March 1835 – 25 May 1897) was an English architect known for more than 50 theatres he designed in the latter half of the 19th century, including several important ones in London. He is noted for his design of the
279:) and is considered by some to reflect the influence of the architect's native town. He was a fellow (1866) of the Royal Institute of British Architects, serving on its council in 1875–6, and also of the
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in 1862/3, after the old theatre had been destroyed by fire. Moving to London, he quickly established himself as the leading theatrical architect, building, in rapid succession, the
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212:(1881), a state-of-the-art facility, was the first public building in the world lit entirely by electric light. Other major London theatres included the
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In addition to Phipps's London theatres, he was responsible for over forty theatres in the provinces. He also designed
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173:, Phipps married Honnor Hicks on 10 April 1860. The couple had two sons and three daughters.
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Phipps died on 25 May 1897, aged 62, and is buried in a family grave on the east side of
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275:. The building is still there, though no longer occupied by the RIBA (now in
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839:, John Earl and Michael Sell pp. 279–82 (Theatres Trust, 2000)
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in Dublin for
Michael Gunn (opened in 1886 and closed in 1895), the
805: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Garlick, Gorel. "Growing Up On The
English Riviera"; Wilmore, p. 42
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196:(1871). His early work, especially the Gaiety, inspired a young
477:(originally Theatre Royal and Opera House), Eastbourne (1883)
447:(1880 and 1895), the largest surviving example of his work
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Among the theatres Phipps designed, or co-designed, are:
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694:. Society for Theatre Research. 1971. p. 153.
539:(1893), preliminary designs only, bombed in 1941
176:Phipps's first major work was the rebuilding of
263:at Richmond (demolished in 1919) and the Savoy
655:The Gaiety Theatre, South King Street, Dublin
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441:, London (1879, completely rebuilt in 1931)
706:"Opening of the New Theatre Royal, Exeter"
629:Burgess, Michael. "Richard D'Oyly Carte",
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19:For the 18th-century arctic explorer, see
761:"C.J. Phipps, architect of the theatre".
320:was opened on 21 September 1887 before a
876:University of Bristol Theatre Collection
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854:. South Yorkshire: Theatreshire Books.
730:"The Fire at the Theatre Royal, Exeter"
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21:Constantine Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave
269:Royal Institute of British Architects
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581:Her Majesty's Theatre, London (1897)
208:, opened in November 1871. Phipps's
837:Guide to British Theatres 1750–1950
505:(1886), burnt down in the same year
679:. Swindon: Historic England. p.139
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251:The Savoy Victorian Turkish baths
826:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
822:Dictionary of National Biography
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533:, London (1890), demolished 1957
360:Family grave of C. J. Phipps in
925:19th-century English architects
294:Blame for deaths at Exeter fire
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915:Architects from Bath, Somerset
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568:Gallery of architectural work
459:, London (1881), rebuilt 1929
910:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
788:Earl and Sell (2000) pp. 133
779:Earl and Sell (2000) pp. 250
549:Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton
515:Original Shaftesbury Theatre
920:Charles J. Phipps buildings
531:Tivoli Theatre of Varieties
344:, the Chief Officer of the
340:was carried out by Captain
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895:English theatre architects
811:Waterhouse, Paul (1901). "
593:Royal Theatre, Northampton
417:(1870), demolished c. 1980
390:Queen's Theatre, Long Acre
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675:Shifrin, Malcolm (2015).
497:Theatre Royal, Portsmouth
483:(1884) also known as the
396:Prince's Theatre, Bristol
378:Theatre Royal, Nottingham
346:Metropolitan Fire Brigade
300:Exeter Theatre Royal fire
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750:. BBC News. 9 June 2003.
633:, January 1975, pp. 7–11
481:Prince's Theatre, London
475:Royal Hippodrome Theatre
433:Tivoli Theatre, Aberdeen
161:, killing 186 visitors.
850:Wilmore, David (2008).
769:(2): 7. September 1981.
677:Victorian Turkish baths
658:, www.arthurlloyd.co.uk
485:Prince of Wales Theatre
453:(1881), demolished 1961
384:Theatre Royal, Brighton
265:Victorian Turkish baths
852:Frank Matcham & Co
465:(1882) demolished 1905
451:Theatre Royal, Belfast
445:Theatre Royal, Glasgow
439:Sadler's Wells Theatre
427:Gaiety Theatre, Dublin
413:Varieties Music Hall,
402:Gaiety Theatre, London
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281:Society of Antiquaries
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202:Gaiety Theatre, Dublin
880:University of Bristol
748:"Exeter Theatre Fire"
561:Her Majesty's Theatre
503:Theatre Royal, Exeter
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338:parliamentary inquiry
306:Theatre Royal, Exeter
261:Star and Garter Hotel
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242:Her Majesty's Theatre
224:(1888), the original
155:Theatre Royal, Exeter
813:Phipps, Charles John
728:Gillan, Don (2010).
652:Kerins, Des (2009),
493:, Northampton (1884)
469:Royal Lyceum Theatre
463:Royal Strand Theatre
304:Phipps designed the
557:(1895), never built
372:Theatre Royal, Bath
226:Shaftesbury Theatre
178:Theatre Royal, Bath
159:caught fire in 1887
146:Charles John Phipps
712:. 15 October 1886.
545:(1893), demolished
471:, Edinburgh (1883)
421:Vaudeville Theatre
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271:’ own premises at
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194:Vaudeville Theatre
861:978-0-95341-271-6
487:; demolished 1934
362:Highgate Cemetery
288:Highgate Cemetery
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408:Olympic Theatre
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537:Queen's Hall
525:Walter Emden
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330:fire hydrant
316:A coroner's
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232:(1889), the
228:(1888), the
220:(1884), the
216:(1882), the
206:Michael Gunn
188:(1868), the
184:(1867), the
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145:
144:
88:(1897-05-25)
32:C. J. Phipps
25:
905:1897 deaths
900:1835 births
817:Lee, Sidney
796:Attribution
336:A separate
240:(1893) and
126:Honor Hicks
86:25 May 1897
889:Categories
599:References
298:See also:
99:Occupation
63:1835-03-25
710:The Stage
165:Biography
102:Architect
77:, England
71:Lansdowne
374:(1862/3)
352:Theatres
244:(1897).
236:(1890),
218:Prince's
169:Born in
157:, which
831:Sources
819:(ed.).
809::
662:27 July
318:inquest
230:Garrick
138:
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858:
843:
815:". In
551:(1894)
527:(1889)
517:(1888)
499:(1884)
435:(1872)
429:(1871)
415:Hoxton
410:(1870)
404:(1868)
398:(1867)
392:(1867)
386:(1866)
380:(1865)
238:Daly's
234:Tivoli
214:Strand
121:Spouse
222:Lyric
132:(
128:
856:ISBN
841:ISBN
664:2020
328:and
171:Bath
83:Died
75:Bath
57:Born
150:FSA
37:FSA
891::
878:,
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765:.
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134:m.
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61:(
23:.
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