38:
518:
level that would discourage all but serious claims. The Act grants the
President the authority to suspend the lawsuit provisions for periods of up to 6 months if it is necessary to the national interest of the United States and will expedite a transition to democracy in Cuba. Successive presidents have exercised this authority, most recently in June 2018, pursuant to a non-binding declaration of intention in April 1997 that came out of a trade dispute with the European Union. In 2019 President Trump allowed the suspension to expire, and
1259:
2297:
2115:
2321:
1249:
526:
sanctions against the current regime. The State
Department reviews a broad range of economic activity in Cuba to determine the applicability of Title IV. The results of this effort appear not only in the actual determinations of "trafficking," but also in the deterrent to investment in confiscated U.S. property and in the exacerbation of the uncertainty of investing in Cuba.
619:(originally passed in the wake of extraterritorial claims by the U.S. in the 1970s) to United States rules on trade with Cuba. United Kingdom law was later extended to counter-act the Helms–Burton Act as well. This included criminal sanctions for complying with extraterritorial provisions of the Helms–Burton Act whilst in the UK.
517:
Title III creates a private cause of action and authorizes U.S. nationals with claims to confiscated property in Cuba to file suit in U.S. courts against persons that may be "trafficking" in that property. The filing fee for the Title III action is set by US Courts at $ 6,458 (from
December 2016), a
607:
introduced a
Council Regulation (No 2271/96) (law binding all member states) declaring the extraterritorial provisions of the Helms–Burton Act to be unenforceable within the EU, and permitting recovery of any damages imposed under it. The EU law also applied sanctions against US companies and their
525:
Title IV requires the denial of visas to and exclusion from the U.S. of persons who, after March 12, 1996, confiscate or "traffic" in confiscated property in Cuba claimed by U.S. nationals. The objective of this provision is to protect the status of confiscated U.S. property and to support existing
388:
International
Sanctions against the Cuban Government. Economic embargo, any non-U.S. company that deals economically with Cuba can be subjected to legal action and that company's leadership can be barred from entry into the United States. Sanctions may be applied to non-U.S. companies trading with
407:
Exclusion of certain aliens from the United States, primarily senior officials or major stock holders, and their families, of companies that do business in Cuba on property expropriated from
American citizens. To date, executives from Italy, Mexico, Canada, Israel, and the United Kingdom have been
599:
The law provides for compensation of only the largest of claims for confiscated property, primarily only the claims of large multinational companies (valued at roughly $ 6 billion). It fails to provide for the claims of individuals of the exiled Cuban-American community whose personal residences
375:
on March 6, 1996, and enacted into law by the 42nd
President of the United States, Bill Clinton, on March 12, 1996. The bill, which had been tabled in late 1995 after Senator Helms was unable to overcome several Democratic filibusters, was reintroduced prompted by an episode a month earlier. On
626:
513:
Title II describes U.S. policy toward and assistance to a free and independent Cuba. It required the
President to produce a plan for providing economic assistance to a transition or democratic government in Cuba. (The President delivered the plan to Congress in January 1997.)
509:
Title I strengthened sanctions against the current Cuban
Government. Among many other provisions, it codified the U.S. embargo on trade and financial transactions which had been in effect pursuant to a Presidential proclamation since the Kennedy Administration.
589:, a dispute settlement panel was established. Later, the work of the panel was suspended to find a solution through negotiations. After a year, the panel lost its jurisdiction over the matter, and the EU did not pursue the matter any further before the WTO.
1088:
1874:
1215:
1999:
1095:
443:
Prohibits recognition of a Cuban government that has not provided compensation for U.S. certified claims against confiscated property, defined as non-residential property with an excess of $ 50,000 value in
56:
An Act to seek international sanctions against the Castro government in Cuba, to plan for support of a transition government leading to a democratically elected government in Cuba, and for other purposes.
633:, or $ 280,254, against anyone who while in Mexican territory obeys another country's laws aimed at reducing Mexican trade or foreign investment in a third country. This law was used against the
824:"Report on the shooting down of two U.S.-registered private civil aircraft by Cuban military aircraft on 24 February 1996", C-WP/10441, June 20, 1996, United Nations Security Council document,
1237:
656:, so named in the American style, that mirrored Helms–Burton, replacing the Cuban revolution with the American revolution. Sponsored by Loyalist descendants, it demanded recompense for
419:. Unlike in that case though, which concerned a review only by the House of Representatives, the Helms–Burton Act (sec. 204(e)) subjects the President's decision to a review by
2356:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2218:
447:
Prompts for extradition or otherwise rendition to the United States of all persons sought by the United States
Department of Justice for crimes committed in the United States.
218:
1620:
1345:
1909:
2341:
1696:
1400:
1393:
2361:
1804:
1289:
1279:
691:
582:
and other U.S. allies that enjoy normal trade relations with Cuba. The governments argued that the law ran counter to the spirit of international law and sovereignty.
416:
206:
376:
February 24, 1996, Cuban fighter jets shot down two private planes. Whether they were shot down over Cuban territory or international airspace is a matter of debate.
433:
Prompts for the retirement of former Soviet Union personnel out of Cuban military and intelligence facilities, including the military and intelligence facilities at
210:
1230:
2071:
1335:
214:
1325:
1315:
2346:
2233:
2223:
2049:
1415:
938:
1647:
1119:
384:
This law includes a wide variety of provisions intended to bring about "a peaceful transition to a representative democracy and market economy in Cuba":
251:
237:
2351:
2118:
1223:
1422:
1294:
2376:
1899:
616:
2044:
1144:
1068:"Government Bill (House of Commons) C-54 (35-2) - Royal Assent - An Act to amend the Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act - Parliament of Canada"
1194:
1746:
1684:
1042:
634:
2150:
1939:
1163:
729:
649:
412:
1498:
1299:
1284:
2366:
1904:
1610:
652:" (C-54), a law to counteract the effect of Helms–Burton. In addition, its legislature proposed (but did not pass) the tongue-in-cheek
970:
690:
Effective May 10, 1999, with CFR Title 31 Part 515, the act was amended. In 2000, the law was further amended with the passage of the
1914:
1572:
330:
314:
156:
143:
1567:
1461:
1274:
1253:
1176:
708:
481:
announced that Cuba was terminating plans for the construction of the Juragua nuclear plant in his meeting with Russian President
389:
Cuba. This means that internationally operating companies have to choose between Cuba and the U.S., which is a much larger market.
2391:
2210:
1772:
1640:
1588:
353:
192:
1630:
1432:
306:
124:
116:
1055:
17:
2386:
1410:
641:, which had expelled a group of Cuban officials upon pressure from the United States government and confiscated their funds.
1974:
1172:
Scharfen, Jonathan R. "The Helms-Burton Act: A Strategic Critique." (US Army War College Strategic Research Project, 1998)
1033:"The Extraterritorial US Legislation (Sanctions against Cuba, Iran and Libya) (Protection of Trading Interests) Order 1996"
1867:
1857:
1794:
2311:
2190:
1949:
372:
86:
852:
825:
2274:
2024:
1562:
1503:
1155:
427:
411:
Provides power to the Legislative Branch to override an Executive Branch cancellation of the embargo, although such a
596:
groups because these groups argue that sanctions against an entire country will affect only the innocent population.
1954:
1741:
1716:
1635:
290:
996:
703:
653:
401:
Declares United States policy towards a "transition government" and a "democratically elected government" in Cuba.
2381:
2143:
2014:
1862:
1782:
1427:
326:
1847:
1378:
37:
1919:
1835:
1679:
1350:
694:, which allowed the export of US agriculture and medical goods to Cuba so long as certain conditions were met.
586:
2100:
2039:
2009:
398:
Authorization of United States support for "democratic and human rights groups" and international observers.
333:. It extended the territorial application of the initial embargo to apply to foreign companies trading with
2066:
1210:
971:"Bill Summary & Status, 104th Congress (1995–1996), H.R.927, All Congressional Actions with Amendments"
2184:
2173:
1889:
790:"Statement on Signing the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 - March 12, 1996"
657:
495:
434:
337:, and penalized foreign companies allegedly "trafficking" in property formerly owned by U.S. citizens but
302:
629:
in October 1996, aimed at neutralizing the Helms–Burton Act. The law provides for a fine of 2.2 million
2284:
2004:
1979:
1924:
1884:
771:"Remarks on Signing the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996 - March 12, 1996"
1518:
1191:
1014:
109:
2371:
2300:
2195:
2136:
2054:
1840:
1777:
1706:
1598:
1557:
1523:
1488:
1330:
1136:
627:
Law of Protection of Commerce and Investments from Foreign Policies that Contravene International Law
1067:
1799:
1657:
1593:
1535:
1466:
661:
789:
770:
744:
299:
2200:
2178:
2034:
1989:
1929:
1545:
1528:
1449:
1405:
1360:
1320:
1037:
150:
2029:
2019:
1852:
1820:
1662:
1625:
1159:
1113:
555:
440:
Prohibits recognition of a transitional government in Cuba that includes Fidel or Raúl Castro.
184:
1032:
2079:
1969:
1762:
1508:
1456:
1388:
1383:
974:
420:
342:
169:
2264:
2093:
1825:
1767:
1736:
1652:
1444:
1198:
1180:
920:
593:
519:
392:
United States opposition against Cuban membership in International Financial Institutions.
878:
660:
and proposed travel restrictions on those trafficking in property confiscated during the
160:
1173:
345:. It also covers property formerly owned by Cubans who have since become U.S. citizens.
1984:
865:
676:
665:
612:
604:
563:
559:
482:
357:
1015:"The Protection of Trading Interests (US Cuban Assets Control Regulations) Order 1992"
902:
2335:
2279:
2086:
2059:
1830:
1726:
1674:
1669:
1615:
1340:
1258:
868:– Secretary's Determination of Six Months' Suspension Under Title III of LIBERTAD Act
1721:
1540:
1493:
1481:
1471:
684:
680:
672:
630:
542:
478:
338:
269:
322:
318:
838:
2325:
2159:
1944:
1934:
1513:
1476:
1439:
807:
638:
349:
1186:
White, Nigel D. "Ending the US embargo of Cuba: international law in dispute."
1152:
Cuba, the United States, and the Helms–Burton Doctrine: International Reactions
259:
227:
1959:
1731:
1711:
1701:
1691:
1603:
1355:
956:
361:
188:
796:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 433–434.
777:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 432–433.
579:
615:
had previously introduced provisions by statutory instrument extending its
1994:
1894:
1879:
310:
128:
1964:
939:"U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 104th Congress - 1st Session"
853:"District Court Miscellaneous Fee Schedule | United States Courts"
365:
196:
61:
743:(114). Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons.: 3. Archived from
1550:
645:
622:
575:
571:
567:
1875:
1999 Baltimore Orioles–Cuba national baseball team exhibition series
1211:
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act (full text)
468:
These requirements under the Helms–Burton Act have been fulfilled.
903:"Helms-Burton Act: US firms face lawsuits over seized Cuban land"
404:
Protection of property rights of certain United States nationals.
1248:
668:, went on to serve as Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons.
334:
2132:
1219:
1139:"Enemies evermore: US policy towards Cuba after Helms-Burton."
2128:
283:
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996
77:
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1996
48:
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act of 1995
18:
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Libertad) Act of 1996
417:
ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court 13 years earlier
494:
In October 2001, Russia announced plans to shut down the
2000:
Cuban football players who defected to the United States
395:
Television broadcasting from the United States to Cuba.
2309:
728:
Hillyard, Mick; Miller, Vaughne (14 December 1998).
348:
The Act is named for its original sponsors, Senator
2257:
2209:
2166:
1813:
1755:
1581:
1371:
1308:
1267:
167:
149:
139:
134:
115:
105:
100:
92:
81:
73:
60:
52:
44:
1910:Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations
1001:Official Journal L 309 , 29/11/1996 P. 0001 - 0006
291:
1697:1996 shootdown of Brothers to the Rescue aircraft
1401:United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations
1394:Monument to the Victims of the USS Maine (Havana)
808:"Clinton moves to punish Cuba for downing planes"
585:After a complaint by the European Union with the
1805:Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act
692:Trade Sanction Reform and Export Enhancement Act
2072:United Nations Security Council Resolution 144
1346:Cuba–United States Maritime Boundary Agreement
1336:Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
2144:
1231:
8:
608:executives for making Title III complaints.
144:22 U.S.C.: Foreign Relations and Intercourse
30:
2357:United States foreign relations legislation
2050:United States and state-sponsored terrorism
973:. Library of Congress. 1996. Archived from
464:
462:
460:
2151:
2137:
2129:
1648:Leyla Express and Johnny Express incidents
1238:
1224:
1216:
554:The Helms–Burton Act was condemned by the
244:Reported by the joint conference committee
1423:United States Military Government in Cuba
1326:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1934)
1316:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations (1903)
1295:United States Interests Section in Havana
1083:
1081:
687:all signed a waiver of parts of the law.
2342:Acts of the 104th United States Congress
1900:Commission for Assistance to a Free Cuba
1290:Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
1280:Ambassadors of Cuba to the United States
737:House of Commons Library Research Papers
617:Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980
2362:United States federal trade legislation
2316:
720:
535:October 19, 1995: Passed Senate, 74–24.
456:
1747:Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
1685:Operations Safe Haven and Safe Passage
1621:Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings
1118:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1111:
1043:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
788:Clinton, William J. (March 12, 1996).
769:Clinton, William J. (March 12, 1996).
635:Sheraton Maria Isabel Hotel and Towers
29:
27:US federal law affecting Cuban economy
2119:Category:Cuba–United States relations
1940:Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil
839:"President Welcomes Russian Decision"
650:Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act
496:Lourdes Signals Intelligence facility
226:on September 21, 1995 (294–130,
7:
1499:Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front
1300:Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
1285:Embassy of the United States, Havana
541:March 12, 1996: Signed by President
538:March 6, 1996: Passed House, 336–86.
329:which strengthens and continues the
219:House Banking and Financial Services
2347:Anti-communism in the United States
1905:Congressional Cuba Democracy Caucus
1611:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
592:The law has also been condemned by
1915:Cuban American National Foundation
1573:United States embargo against Cuba
331:United States embargo against Cuba
296:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
1568:United States invasion of Grenada
1275:Embassy of Cuba, Washington, D.C.
1188:Journal of Latin American Studies
1141:Journal of Latin American Studies
866:United States Department of State
522:was promptly sued under the act.
236:on October 19, 1995 (74-24,
2319:
2296:
2295:
2114:
2113:
1773:Cuban Assets Control Regulations
1257:
1247:
648:passed the "An Act to amend the
426:Prohibits the completion of the
36:
2377:1996 in international relations
1631:Trans World Airlines Flight 106
1433:Cuban Pacification Medal (Army)
730:"Cuba and the Helms–Burton Act"
258:on March 6, 1996 (336–86,
1411:Army of Cuban Occupation Medal
498:, which it did in August 2002.
250:on March 5, 1996 (74-22,
1:
1868:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
1795:Freedom to Travel to Cuba Act
1641:Cubana de Aviación Flight 455
1589:Cubana de Aviación Flight 493
884:. lasa.international.pitt.edu
423:of both chambers of Congress.
254:, via Senate.gov) and by the
207:House International Relations
2352:Cuba–United States relations
2191:Capitol Broadcasting Company
1950:Fair Play for Cuba Committee
1254:Cuba–United States relations
709:Cuba–United States relations
373:104th United States Congress
87:104th United States Congress
2275:National Congressional Club
2234:Presidential primaries 1980
2224:Presidential primaries 1976
2045:State Sponsors of Terrorism
2025:Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame
1563:Jamaican political conflict
1504:Cuban Revolutionary Council
1156:University of Florida Press
997:"EUR-Lex - 31996R2271 - EN"
428:Juragua Nuclear Power Plant
2408:
2367:Opposition to Fidel Castro
1955:Friends of Democratic Cuba
1742:American fugitives in Cuba
1636:Southern Airways Flight 49
664:. One of its sponsors, MP
2293:
2110:
1863:Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
1783:Wet feet, dry feet policy
1428:Second Occupation of Cuba
327:United States federal law
176:
35:
1975:Radio y Televisión Martí
1920:Cuban dissident movement
1836:Cuban migration to Miami
1680:1994 Cuban rafter crisis
1351:Tripartite Accord (1988)
1190:51.1 (2019): 163–186.
587:World Trade Organization
2392:United States sanctions
2185:The News & Observer
2101:638 Ways to Kill Castro
2040:Third Border Initiative
2010:NOAAS Oregon II (R 332)
1143:29.1 (1997): 211–221.
921:"Cuba: Helm-Burton Act"
658:United Empire Loyalists
248:agreed to by the Senate
203:Committee consideration
2174:Monroe, North Carolina
1890:Brothers to the Rescue
1019:www.legislation.gov.uk
262:, via Clerk.House.gov)
230:, via Clerk.House.gov)
199:) on February 14, 1995
2387:Sanctions legislation
2285:Hands (advertisement)
2005:Filibuster (military)
1980:US-Cuba Democracy PAC
1925:Cuban Liberty Council
1885:Antonio Maceo Brigade
1150:Roy, Joaquín (2000).
1137:LeoGrande, William M.
704:Godfrey–Milliken Bill
654:Godfrey–Milliken Bill
371:It was passed by the
360:, and Representative
2196:Raleigh City Council
2055:Luis Posada Carriles
1848:Cuban–American lobby
1841:Havana on the Hudson
1778:Cuban Adjustment Act
1599:Cuban Missile Crisis
1558:Operation Northwoods
1524:Bay of Pigs Monument
1489:Bay of Pigs Invasion
1379:Spanish–American War
1331:Good Neighbor policy
957:"House roll call 47"
211:House Ways and Means
1800:Cuban Democracy Act
1658:Garcia-Mir v. Meese
1594:Matthew Edward Duke
1536:Operation Peter Pan
1467:La Coubre explosion
1154:. Gainesville, FL:
977:on February 2, 2016
925:1997-2001.state.gov
662:American Revolution
530:Legislative history
170:Legislative history
32:
2201:Jesse Helms Center
2179:Wingate University
2067:Cuba–OAS relations
2035:Straits of Florida
2015:Silver certificate
1990:Venceremos Brigade
1930:CubaOne Foundation
1546:Operation Mongoose
1529:Bay of Pigs Museum
1519:José Antonio Llama
1450:Sugar Intervention
1406:The Paquete Habana
1361:JetBlue Flight 387
1321:Hay-Quesada Treaty
1197:2019-04-28 at the
1179:2019-04-20 at the
1038:Legislation.gov.uk
750:on August 19, 2000
600:were confiscated.
341:by Cuba after the
260:Roll call vote 047
246:on March 1, 1996;
238:Roll call vote 494
228:Roll call vote 683
45:Other short titles
2307:
2306:
2126:
2125:
2020:Troika of tyranny
1821:Americans in Cuba
1663:Cuban boat people
1626:Pan Am Flight 281
1165:978-0-813-01760-0
556:Council of Europe
477:In December 2000
279:
278:
272:on March 12, 1996
252:Roll call vote 22
240:, via Senate.gov)
234:Passed the Senate
118:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
2399:
2382:Boycotts of Cuba
2324:
2323:
2322:
2315:
2299:
2298:
2270:Helms–Burton Act
2153:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2117:
2116:
1970:Radio Free Dixie
1790:Helms–Burton Act
1763:Teller Amendment
1509:Operation Ortsac
1457:Cuban Revolution
1384:Ostend Manifesto
1268:Diplomatic posts
1262:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1169:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1094:. Archived from
1093:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1011:
1005:
1004:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
967:
961:
960:
953:
947:
946:
935:
929:
928:
917:
911:
910:
899:
893:
892:
890:
889:
883:
875:
869:
863:
857:
856:
849:
843:
842:
835:
829:
822:
816:
815:
804:
798:
797:
794:Internet Archive
785:
779:
778:
775:Internet Archive
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
749:
734:
725:
499:
492:
486:
475:
469:
466:
421:joint resolution
413:legislative veto
364:, Republican of
343:Cuban revolution
297:
293:
287:Helms–Burton Act
224:Passed the House
183:in the House as
172:
153:sections created
119:
66:
40:
33:
31:Helms–Burton Act
21:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2303:
2289:
2265:Christian right
2253:
2205:
2162:
2157:
2127:
2122:
2106:
1826:Cuban Americans
1809:
1768:Platt Amendment
1751:
1737:Havana syndrome
1653:Mariel boatlift
1577:
1445:Negro Rebellion
1367:
1304:
1263:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1207:
1199:Wayback Machine
1181:Wayback Machine
1166:
1149:
1133:
1131:Further reading
1128:
1127:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1089:"Archived copy"
1087:
1086:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1013:
1012:
1008:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
969:
968:
964:
955:
954:
950:
937:
936:
932:
919:
918:
914:
901:
900:
896:
887:
885:
881:
877:
876:
872:
864:
860:
851:
850:
846:
837:
836:
832:
828:, July 1, 1996.
823:
819:
806:
805:
801:
787:
786:
782:
768:
767:
763:
753:
751:
747:
732:
727:
726:
722:
717:
700:
552:
532:
520:Carnival Cruise
507:
502:
493:
489:
476:
472:
467:
458:
454:
437:and Cienfuegos.
382:
295:
275:
266:Signed into law
215:House Judiciary
168:
117:
82:Enacted by
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1722:Elsa Alvarez
1541:Operation 40
1494:Brigade 2506
1482:Golden exile
1472:Cuban exodus
1187:
1151:
1140:
1103:. Retrieved
1096:the original
1071:
1062:
1051:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
965:
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886:. Retrieved
873:
861:
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833:
820:
811:
802:
793:
783:
774:
764:
752:. Retrieved
745:the original
740:
736:
723:
689:
685:Donald Trump
681:Barack Obama
673:Bill Clinton
670:
643:
621:
610:
602:
598:
594:humanitarian
591:
584:
553:
543:Bill Clinton
524:
516:
512:
508:
490:
479:Fidel Castro
473:
383:
370:
347:
319:§§ 6021
286:
282:
280:
270:Bill Clinton
265:
255:
247:
243:
233:
223:
202:
180:
135:Codification
65:(colloquial)
2372:Jesse Helms
2249:Senate 1996
2244:Senate 1990
2239:Senate 1984
2229:Senate 1978
2219:Senate 1972
2160:Jesse Helms
1945:Engage Cuba
1935:Cuban Power
1756:Legislation
1514:Polita Grau
1477:Cuban exile
1440:Banana Wars
1072:www.parl.ca
671:Presidents
644:Similarly,
639:Mexico City
625:passed the
350:Jesse Helms
339:confiscated
305:, 110
2336:Categories
1960:Havana Jam
1732:Alan Gross
1712:Ana Montes
1702:Cuban Five
1692:Bill Gaede
1604:Crateology
1416:Propaganda
1356:Cuban thaw
1341:El Diálogo
1105:2015-04-25
888:2019-11-05
826:S/1996/509
715:References
362:Dan Burton
354:Republican
189:Dan Burton
181:Introduced
106:Public law
53:Long title
2211:Elections
2080:Overthrow
1582:Incidents
1462:Aftermath
1389:USS Maine
1372:Conflicts
1309:Diplomacy
1056:Bill C-54
580:Argentina
550:Reactions
415:had been
157:22 U.S.C.
123:110
101:Citations
93:Effective
74:Nicknames
2301:Category
2094:Balseros
1995:ZunZuneo
1895:Balseros
1880:Alpha 66
1858:Timeline
1195:Archived
1177:Archived
1114:cite web
981:June 14,
698:See also
62:Acronyms
1965:Omega 7
1814:Related
754:26 June
564:Britain
505:Summary
435:Lourdes
408:barred.
380:Content
366:Indiana
325:) is a
292:Pub. L.
161:ch. 69A
110:104-114
2312:Portal
1551:JMWAVE
1192:Online
1174:Online
1162:
1145:Online
879:"Data"
646:Canada
623:Mexico
576:Brazil
572:Mexico
568:Canada
558:, the
317:
309:
298:
151:U.S.C.
127:
1099:(PDF)
1092:(PDF)
882:(PDF)
748:(PDF)
733:(PDF)
631:pesos
452:Notes
444:1959.
307:Stat.
303:(PDF)
256:House
159:
125:Stat.
2326:Cuba
2167:Life
1160:ISBN
1120:link
983:2011
756:2014
683:and
611:The
603:The
335:Cuba
323:6091
281:The
85:the
907:BBC
812:CNN
637:in
356:of
311:785
289:),
205:by
187:by
129:785
2338::
1158:.
1116:}}
1112:{{
1080:^
1070:.
1041:.
1035:.
1017:.
999:.
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905:.
810:.
792:.
773:.
741:98
739:.
735:.
679:,
675:,
578:,
574:,
570:,
566:,
562:,
459:^
368:.
352:,
313:,
217:,
213:,
209:,
197:IN
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2138:v
1239:e
1232:t
1225:v
1183:.
1168:.
1122:)
1108:.
1074:.
1045:.
1021:.
1003:.
985:.
959:.
945:.
927:.
891:.
855:.
841:.
814:.
758:.
545:.
485:.
430:.
321:–
285:(
195:–
193:R
191:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
