34:
677:
secretary of public instruction, Jan.-April 1902 ; Lieut. M.E. Hanna, commissioner of public schools, Sept. 1, 1901-May 20, 1902. pt. 3. Reports of Maj. W.C. Gorgas, chief sanitary officer; Maj. A.H. Glennan, chief quarantine officer; Maj. J.R. Kean, superintendent of charities and hospitals; Dr. Frank P. Menocal, superintendent of
Department of immigration. United States: (n.p.).
492:
the 44 Rural Guard squadrons still nominally in existence played a generally passive garrison role, leaving field action to the anti-guerrilla battalions of the
Constitutional Army. With the collapse of the Batista regime the Rural Guard was disbanded, being replaced initially by the Revolutionary
429:
on
September 15, 1906, approved a force of 5,305 men and consolidated the Artillery Corps with the Cuban Rural Guard, all being designated the Armed Forces of the Republic. The guard had three regiments covering Havana, Pinar del Rio, Matanzas, Santa Clara, Oriente, and CamagĂĽey. From 142 posts on
465:
however retained its constabulary role, organised in separate detachments distributed throughout each of the eight
Military Areas. The Guardia totalled 38 squadrons, still generally horse-mounted as late as 1940. By this date the regular army totalled 8,000, against 6,000 Rural Guards. The latter
433:
In April 1908, the
Provisional Government formed the Cuban Permanent Army with 2000 men and retained the Rural Guard, which had 5,180 officers and men in 380 units. A decree called for a reduction in the guardsmen under Maj. Gen. Alejandro RodrĂguez to 3,600. The infantry brigade of the Permanent
695:
Commercial Cuba in 1905: Area, Population, Production, Transportation
Systems, Revenues, Industries, Foreign Commerce, and Recent Tariff and Reciprocity Arrangements From the Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance for May, 1905 .... (1905). United States: U.S. Government Printing
756:
Capt. Frank Parker, United States Army. Message from the
President of the United States, Transmitting Report from the Secretary of State Concerning a Decoration of the Order of Military Merit of the Third Class Conferred Upon Capt. Frank Parker, United States Army, by the President of Cuba for
401:
and was approved for an expansion from 1,500 to 3,800 officers. Cuban citizens aged 21-45, literate in
Spanish, of good character, and physically fit (120-170 lbs, 5'4" or taller), and with no prior criminal convictions or dishonorable discharges were eligible for a requirement of a four-year
676:
Wood, L. (1903). Civil Report of the
Military Governor, 1902: pt. 1. Reports of Brig. Gen. Leonard Wood, military governor; Lieut. F.R. McCoy, aide-de-camp. pt. 2. Reports of Señor Perfecto Lacoste, secretary of agriculture, commerce and industry, Jan.-April, 1902; Señor Enrique José Varona,
337:
By April 11, 1901, the Rural Guards of all provinces were reorganized and consolidated into the
National Rural Guard by order of the Military Governor. A commission was appointed on May 7, 1901, with Major Rafael RodrĂguez, Acting
244:
of the rural districts in each province. It was later established in the provinces of Puerto PrĂncipe, Santa Clara, Pinar del Rio, and La Habana, where a chief of the Rural Guard managed the organization in each province.
289:, holding the rank of Colonel in the Cuban Army's Cavalry, was designated as the Chief of the Rural Guard for Puerto PrĂncipe Province. Roughly 160 men, drawn from former Liberation Army soldiers and veterans of the
560:
Selected Papers from the 1992 (59th Annual) Meeting of the Society for Military History Hosted by the Command and Staff College of the Marine Corps University. (1994). United States: Command and Staff College
509:
with leather bands, and they carried waterproof coats. Each hat displayed their number and the Guard insignia, which was also worn on their collars. Their saddles and tack were also russet leather.
409:
suggested a 1,000-man increase in April 1904. The Cuban President, on August 20, 1906, issued an increase of 2,186 officers and men and the merger of the Cuban Artillery Corps with the Rural Guard.
717:
Magoon, C. E. (1908). Annual Report of Charles E. Magoon, Provisional Governor of Cuba, to the Secretary of War 1907. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
386:
inherited the Rural Guard in the form of a force commanded by Brig. Gen. Alejandro Rodriguez, consisting of 1,604 officers stationed at 247 posts across several provinces. In October 1902, U.S.
309:
who was the military commander of the province. The forces were placed under the command of Col. José de J. Monteagudo acting as the Chief of the Rural Guard of the Province of Santa Clara.
570:
Healy, D. (1963). The United States in Cuba, 1898-1902: Generals, Politicians, and the Search for Policy. United Kingdom: University of Wisconsin Press.
402:
enlistment. In Military Governor Wood's final 1902 report, he included that the Rural Guard was found sufficient to enforce respect for law in the rural districts of Cuba.
726:
Louis A. Pérez; Supervision of a Protectorate: The United States and the Cuban Army, 1898-1908. Hispanic American Historical Review 1 May 1972; 52 (2): 250–271. doi:
747:
Klepak, H. (2005). Cuba's Military 1990-2005: Revolutionary Soldiers During Counter-Revolutionary Times. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
686:
Commercial Relations of the United States: Reports from the Consuls of the United States. (1903). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
853:
329:
and began arrangements to organize a rural guard composed of 350 mounted troops of the Cuban army for the protection of the outlying areas of the city.
434:
Army was expanded by transfers from the Rural Guard of Cuba. On July 11, 1908, The Cuban Shoemakers' League lodged a protest with Provisional Governor
858:
442:
178:
130:
425:, American officials sought to expand the Cuban Rural Guard for stability, enlisting prominent Cuban veterans to form militia companies. An act of
873:
505:
The Rural Guard wore khaki cotton uniforms, Mills-pattern cartridge belts, and russet leather shoes and leggings. Their hats resembled U.S. army
438:
over the awarding of a $ 60,000 shoe contract for the Rural Guard to an American factory representative, despite Cubans offering lower prices.
848:
494:
485:
cavalry, plus infantry units provided provincial garrisons, as well as augmenting the concentration of regular army troops at Havana.
375:
481:
style force with law enforcement and internal security responsibilities outside the major urban districts. Mechanised and mounted
863:
826:
801:
776:
293:, were divided into 9 squadrons distributed throughout the province to conduct cavalry patrols and maintain public order.
651:"A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Cuba"
619:
Elihu Root Collection of United States Documents: Ser. A.-F.]. (1895). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
441:
In 1909, additional U.S. intervention resulted in the Rural Guard being placed under U.S. control. From 1909 to 1912,
342:
of the Rural Guard, Captain Federico Rasco, formerly Captain and Adjutant in Santa Clara, and Captain Ramon Martin,
757:
Services Rendered as Military Instructor of the Rural Guard of Cuba. (1912). United States: (n.p.).
533:
518:
422:
290:
240:
Once the Rural Guard was formed in the province of Santiago de Cuba, similar companies were organized for police
206:
94:
82:
174:
391:
151:
640:
America, History and Life: Article abstracts and citations. (1977). United States: Clio Press.
603:
Annual Report of the Secretary of War. (1901). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
868:
417:
In September 1906, persistent economic challenges and political unrest in the country forced U.S. president
347:
322:
406:
383:
62:
435:
194:
155:
126:
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of the U.S. Army rendered services as a military instructor of the cavalry in the Rural Guard of Cuba.
528:
523:
302:
285:
ammunition from the Liberation Army which had been placed at his disposal in November 1898. Lt. Col.
270:
90:
86:
387:
254:
237:, tasked with law enforcement, dismantling bandits, and safeguarding landowners' rural properties.
190:
257:, on December 1, 1898, the Military Governor of Santiago de Cuba Col. Duncan Norbert Hood, son of
538:
418:
394:
378:
was established. The U.S. ceded control the next day while keeping intervention rights under the
326:
274:
98:
822:
797:
772:
359:
339:
631:
Annual Reports of the War Department. (1899). United States: U.S. Government Printing Office.
489:
426:
226:
218:
182:
114:
473:
In 1952 measures were taken to firmly separate the Rural Guard from the National Army. The
738:
The Cuba Review and Bulletin. (1908). United States: Munson Steamship Line.
379:
286:
580:
398:
278:
258:
159:
261:, established the province's Rural Guard to combat the bandits operating in the area.
842:
355:
306:
222:
705:
Standard Guide to Cuba. (1905). United States: Foster & Reynolds.
33:
506:
351:
318:
210:
167:
163:
72:
478:
241:
358:
of the Rural Guard of the Island of Cuba and Lt. Col. José de J. Monteagudo as
230:
209:
on July 11, 1898, 20 men under Capt. Manuel A. MartĂnez were organized into a
727:
234:
650:
217:
known as the "Rural Guard". The Rural Guard covered the four districts of
343:
186:
627:
625:
363:
214:
305:
were established in a headquarters on April 7, 1899, by order of Gen.
282:
382:. The first Cuban Republic under the first elected Cuban president
374:
The first U.S. occupation of Cuba ended on May 19, 1902, when the
134:
52:
556:
554:
430:
September 30, 1906, it grew to 315 by the same date in 1907.
497:
plus the Border Troops and the Interior Special Forces.
233:. By the end of the month, the guard had expanded to 40
713:
711:
615:
613:
611:
609:
581:"Guardia Rural en Cuba - La policĂa del campo cubano"
405:In 1904, with the guard totalling 3,020, President
78:
68:
58:
48:
40:
21:
181:sought to address ongoing criminal activity, with
672:
670:
193:in Cuba, the need arose to utilize the disbanded
273:district on January 1, 1899, Military Commander
350:was appointed by the Military Governor of Cuba
346:in Havana and Pinar del Rio. On May 20, 1901,
177:and the withdrawal of the Spanish troops, the
8:
453:In 1915 legislation was passed to merge the
490:civil war of September 1957 to January 1959
277:directed that the forces be provided with
269:Upon the organization of the guard in the
32:
728:https://doi.org/10.1215/00182168-52.2.250
179:United States Military Government in Cuba
550:
18:
397:reported the Rural Guard underwent a
7:
362:of the Rural Guard with the rank of
495:National Revolutionary Police Force
470:to support the army if required.
14:
854:Organizations established in 1898
123:Rural Guard of the Island of Cuba
859:Law enforcement agencies of Cuba
493:Militia and subsequently by the
466:were expected to provide ad hoc
457:and the Permanent Army into the
421:to take charge of Cuba. In the
166:oversaw the formation of a new
874:1959 disestablishments in Cuba
131:Provisional Government of Cuba
1:
819:Armed Forces of Latin America
794:Armed Forces of Latin America
769:Armed Forces of Latin America
150:During the U.S. Government's
449:Subsequent history 1915-1959
370:End of First U.S. Occupation
197:for local policing duties.
849:1898 establishments in Cuba
185:being the most affected by
129:in Cuba established by the
890:
477:was confirmed as a static
461:numbering 13,628 men. The
16:Cuban mounted police force
519:Santiago de Cuba Province
423:Second Occupation of Cuba
413:Second Occupation of Cuba
207:Santiago de Cuba Province
189:. As a substitute to the
83:Santiago de Cuba Province
31:
26:
524:Puerto PrĂncipe Province
392:Minister Plenipotentiary
301:The Rural Guards of the
152:First Occupation of Cuba
146:First Occupation of Cuba
87:Puerto PrĂncipe Province
864:Law enforcement in Cuba
513:Provincial headquarters
534:Pinar del RĂo Province
118:
95:Pinar del RĂo Province
63:United States Military
585:memoriadelahabana.com
436:Charles Edward Magoon
195:Cuban Liberation Army
156:occupation government
127:military organization
771:. pp. 200–201.
529:Santa Clara Province
348:Pablo GarcĂa Menocal
323:Pablo GarcĂa Menocal
303:Santa Clara Province
175:Spanish–American War
119:Guardia Rural Cubana
91:Santa Clara Province
27:Guardia Rural Cubana
817:English, Adrian J.
792:English, Adrian J.
767:English, Adrian J.
407:Tomás Estrada Palma
388:Envoy Extraordinary
384:Tomás Estrada Palma
291:War of Independence
191:Spanish Civil Guard
539:La Habana Province
419:Theodore Roosevelt
395:Herbert G. Squiers
327:La Habana Province
317:In December 1899,
279:Remington carbines
275:Louis H. Carpenter
99:La Habana Province
655:history.state.gov
459:Ejercito Nacional
360:Inspector General
340:Inspector General
125:was a republican
111:Cuban Rural Guard
104:
103:
22:Cuban Rural Guard
881:
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376:Republic of Cuba
219:Santiago de Cuba
201:Santiago de Cuba
183:Santiago de Cuba
36:
19:
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883:
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878:
839:
838:
837:
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821:. p. 218.
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380:Platt Amendment
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271:Puerto PrĂncipe
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265:Puerto PrĂncipe
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107:
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869:Mounted police
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427:Cuban Congress
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399:reorganization
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333:Reorganization
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259:John Bell Hood
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160:John R. Brooke
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507:campaign hats
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475:Guardia Rural
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356:Quartermaster
354:as Major and
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307:John C. Bates
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106:Military unit
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658:. Retrieved
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588:. Retrieved
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482:
474:
472:
467:
462:
458:
454:
452:
443:Frank Parker
440:
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404:
373:
352:Leonard Wood
336:
319:Leonard Wood
316:
300:
287:Braulio Peña
268:
252:
239:
213:composed of
211:paramilitary
204:
172:
168:constabulary
164:Leonard Wood
149:
122:
110:
108:
73:Paramilitary
561:Foundation.
488:During the
479:gendarmerie
297:Santa Clara
242:supervision
133:during the
79:Garrison/HQ
843:Categories
660:2024-09-12
590:2024-09-14
545:References
227:Manzanillo
223:Guantánamo
44:1898–1950s
321:met with
313:La Habana
235:guardsmen
173:Amid the
121:) or the
501:Uniforms
344:Adjutant
187:banditry
696:Office.
483:Guardia
468:Tercios
364:Colonel
255:HolguĂn
249:HolguĂn
231:Holguin
215:cavalry
158:led by
141:History
115:Spanish
49:Country
825:
800:
775:
283:Mauser
229:, and
154:, the
59:Branch
41:Active
135:1890s
823:ISBN
798:ISBN
773:ISBN
390:and
281:and
162:and
109:The
69:Type
53:Cuba
366:.
325:in
253:In
205:In
845::
710:^
669:^
653:.
624:^
608:^
583:.
553:^
225:,
221:,
170:.
137:.
117::
831:.
806:.
781:.
663:.
593:.
113:(
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