43:
460:
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
97:
2363:
448:
is determined by a number of complex factors, both syntactic and pragmatic. In transitive sentences, the verb agree with the object in gender and with the subject in person and number. In
73:
380:
region in Peru. In Acre and
Ucayali, the villages are found along the Purus and Envira rivers. In Amazonas, the villages are around the Juruá, Tarauacá and Jutaí rivers.
2664:
2679:
1082:
1955:
707:
107:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
115:
2674:
731:
1075:
1040:
2329:
1187:
31:
1948:
128:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Portuguese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
802:
835:
421:
1990:
1068:
809:
594:
409:
343:
262:
970:"Culina Language and the Culina Indian Tribe (Kulina Madihá, Kulína, Kulyna, Kurina, Corina, Madija, Kollina, Kulino)"
779:
725:
662:
2388:
1202:
873:
Diesnt, Stefan. 2008a. "Portuguese
Influence on Kulina". In Thomas Stolz, Dik Bakker & Rosa Salas Palomo (eds.)
864:
2669:
2192:
1941:
823:
580:
373:
92:
2169:
2659:
1800:
1790:
562:
2444:
1449:
1338:
2631:
2538:
2398:
787:
587:
123:
1826:
1555:
144:
748:
Consonants sounds /pʰ, t̪, d͡z, t͡s, t͡sʰ, ɾ, β~w/ may also be pronounced as /ɸ~f, t͡ʃ, z~ɟ, s, sʰ~ʃ, l, v/.
1821:
1434:
1131:
1110:
601:
548:
441:
2626:
2187:
2069:
417:
342:
language, as they have even been considered different dialects of the same language. Both languages have
2107:
1676:
719:
685:
676:
555:
413:
2558:
2044:
2039:
1401:
1177:
2207:
2132:
2113:
2092:
2059:
1831:
1805:
1735:
1684:
1620:
1590:
1464:
1353:
1105:
833:
137:
2638:
2406:
2215:
2087:
1785:
1730:
1689:
1595:
1429:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1323:
1285:
1280:
1217:
1091:
638:
631:
617:
360:
is indicative of the Kulina and Deni languages as opposed to other languages in the Arawan family.
347:
1610:
2509:
2463:
2342:
2291:
2230:
2127:
2022:
1995:
1857:
1643:
1575:
1565:
1484:
1381:
1237:
1169:
515:
437:
2471:
2296:
1755:
1710:
1694:
1550:
1479:
1469:
1444:
1343:
1308:
1232:
338:. With such few speakers, Kulina is considered a threatened language. Kulina is similar to the
2588:
2552:
2548:
2337:
2320:
2310:
2281:
2243:
2238:
2146:
2054:
2049:
1964:
1892:
1847:
1740:
1720:
1633:
1570:
1532:
1509:
1494:
1489:
1474:
1439:
1391:
1295:
1247:
1242:
1212:
1207:
1192:
1046:
1036:
525:
449:
393:
119:
2598:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2517:
2486:
2434:
2426:
2373:
2367:
2305:
2286:
2276:
2268:
2256:
1980:
1972:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1725:
1715:
1628:
1542:
1499:
1459:
1386:
1376:
1368:
1348:
1333:
1313:
1270:
1257:
1227:
1197:
1182:
1143:
1126:
697:
624:
510:
505:
389:
323:
210:
2593:
2522:
2499:
2494:
2476:
2416:
2300:
2220:
2197:
2159:
2154:
2031:
1922:
1912:
1887:
1867:
1852:
1765:
1760:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1605:
1585:
1560:
1454:
1424:
1358:
1328:
1303:
1222:
670:
520:
445:
202:
1517:
55:
2603:
2543:
2358:
2251:
2182:
2079:
2064:
1985:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1795:
1750:
1745:
1651:
1527:
1318:
1148:
377:
459:
254:
17:
2653:
2439:
2411:
2378:
2177:
2097:
1600:
1265:
919:
Wright, Pamela Sue. 1991. La hipótesis del inacusativo y los verbos mádija (culina).
339:
335:
183:
2449:
2383:
1522:
879:
methodological and empirical findings with special focus on
Romancisation processes
369:
907:
Dicionário Kulina – Português e
Português – Kulina. (Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo)
773:
761:
267:
952:
947:
817:
766:
433:
1050:
969:
1580:
796:
648:
537:
247:
231:
238:
1138:
532:
169:
126:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1060:
2003:
1862:
429:
425:
327:
173:
1933:
884:
Dienst, Stefan. 2008b. "Why Kulina doesn't have an antipassive".
452:, the verb agrees with its subject in person, number and gender.
891:
Dienst, Stefan. 2005. "The innovation of s in Kulina and Deni".
331:
84:
1937:
1064:
392:
language family. According to Dienst (2014), it forms a Madihá
454:
36:
350:. It is believed the presence of the reconstructed phoneme
993:
Dienst, Stefan. "The
Innovation of s in Kulina and Deni".
898:
Monserrat, Ruth Maria Fonini & Abel O. Silva. 1986.
96:
to this template: there are already 467 articles in the
471:
76:
a machine-translated version of the
Portuguese article.
921:
Revista Latino-americana de
Estudios Ethnolingüísticos
900:
Gramática da língua Kulina. Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo
368:
The Kulina people traditionally live in the states of
928:
Working Papers of the Summer
Institute of Linguistics
881:, 287-297. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
840:
sound. The vowel sound only appears in diphthongs.
80:
2616:
2531:
2508:
2485:
2462:
2425:
2397:
2351:
2328:
2319:
2267:
2229:
2206:
2168:
2145:
2120:
2106:
2078:
2030:
2021:
2012:
1971:
1840:
1814:
1778:
1703:
1675:
1642:
1619:
1541:
1508:
1400:
1367:
1294:
1256:
1168:
1159:
1119:
1098:
261:
245:
229:
224:
199:
189:
179:
165:
160:
905:Silva, Abel O. & Ruth M. F. Monserrat.1984.
869:ReVel Revista Virtual de Estudos de Lingaugem.
122:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1949:
1076:
30:For other languages with a similar name, see
8:
875:Aspects of language contact. New theoretical
2325:
2027:
2018:
1956:
1942:
1934:
1165:
1083:
1069:
1061:
400:means 'people' in all of these languages.
157:
909:. Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
902:. Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
396:with Western Jamamadi and Deni. The term
2665:Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia
930:, University of North Dakota 39: 93-140.
755:
499:
420:morphology and some fusion. Kulina is a
940:
926:Wright, Pamela Sue. Madija predicates.
851:Dictionario: (sic) Culina - Castellano.
101:
7:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
849:Boyer, Cindy & Jim Boyer. 2000.
346:, as well as three sets of alveolar
914:Gramática da língua Madiha (Kulina)
27:Arawan language of Brazil and Peru
25:
822:
808:
801:
786:
778:
730:
724:
706:
684:
675:
661:
637:
630:
623:
616:
600:
593:
586:
579:
561:
554:
547:
458:
424:language and contains many more
41:
408:The basic constituent order is
134:{{Translated|pt|Língua culina}}
832:An sound can also range to a
132:You may also add the template
1:
2680:Subject–object–verb languages
1035:. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.
860:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
2675:Endangered Arawan languages
995:Anthropological Linguistics
893:Anthropological Linguistics
145:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
104:will aid in categorization.
2696:
388:Kulina is a member of the
356:in place of the fricative
79:Machine translation, like
29:
2623:Peruvian–Inmaculada Sign
1801:Paulista General Language
821:
718:
696:
669:
647:
531:
502:
56:the corresponding article
2632:Inmaculada Sign Language
1031:Stefan., Dienst (2014).
974:www.native-languages.org
412:. It is predominantly a
1111:Brazilian Sign Language
958:(subscription required)
865:Stative Verbs in Kulina
863:Dienst, Stefan. 2009. "
853:Unpublished Manuscript.
143:For more guidance, see
2627:Peruvian Sign Language
916:. São Leopoldo: Oikos.
856:Dienst, Stefan. 2014.
450:intransitive sentences
334:spoken by about 4,000
195:3,900 (2002–2006)
18:Culina-Madijá language
1806:Portunhol fronteiriço
364:History and geography
116:copyright attribution
348:affricate consonants
2639:Sivia Sign Language
1092:Languages of Brazil
1033:A Grammar of Kulina
912:Tiss, Frank. 2004.
858:A Grammar of Kulina
410:subject–object–verb
2532:Isolates and other
1556:Gavião of Jiparaná
1120:Regional languages
470:. You can help by
376:in Brazil and the
124:interlanguage link
2670:Languages of Peru
2647:
2646:
2612:
2611:
2458:
2457:
2330:Cajamarca–Cañaris
2141:
2140:
2000:
1973:Spanish varieties
1965:Languages of Peru
1931:
1930:
1774:
1773:
1460:Laklãnõ (Xokléng)
1099:Official language
956:(18th ed., 2015)
830:
829:
746:
745:
613:
576:
544:
488:
487:
394:dialect continuum
273:
272:
156:
155:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
2687:
2660:Arawan languages
2326:
2028:
2019:
1998:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1935:
1166:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1028:
1003:
1002:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
966:
960:
959:
945:
839:
826:
812:
805:
790:
782:
756:
734:
728:
710:
688:
679:
665:
641:
634:
627:
620:
611:
604:
597:
590:
583:
574:
565:
558:
551:
542:
500:
483:
480:
462:
455:
446:transitive verbs
432:. There are two
257:
241:
234:
205:
158:
135:
129:
103:
102:|topic=
100:, and specifying
85:Google Translate
66:
62:
45:
44:
37:
21:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2608:
2539:Candoshi-Shapra
2527:
2504:
2481:
2454:
2421:
2393:
2347:
2315:
2263:
2248:Achuar–Shiwiar
2225:
2202:
2164:
2137:
2116:
2102:
2074:
2014:
2008:
1967:
1962:
1932:
1927:
1836:
1810:
1770:
1699:
1671:
1638:
1615:
1537:
1504:
1396:
1363:
1290:
1252:
1161:
1155:
1115:
1094:
1089:
1059:
1058:
1043:
1030:
1029:
1006:
992:
991:
987:
978:
976:
968:
967:
963:
957:
946:
942:
937:
846:
754:
536:
498:
493:
484:
478:
475:
468:needs expansion
406:
386:
366:
324:Arawan language
253:
237:
230:
220:
206:
203:Language family
201:
192:
191:Native speakers
152:
151:
150:
133:
127:
69:
46:
42:
35:
32:Culina language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2693:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2617:Sign languages
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2561:
2556:
2546:
2541:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2389:Yauyos–Chincha
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2273:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2193:Nüpode Huitoto
2190:
2185:
2183:Minica Huitoto
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1878:Haitian Creole
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Brazilian Sign
1818:
1816:
1815:Sign languages
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1779:Interlanguages
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1041:
1004:
985:
961:
939:
938:
936:
933:
932:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
871:
861:
854:
845:
842:
828:
827:
820:
814:
813:
806:
799:
793:
792:
783:
776:
770:
769:
764:
759:
753:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
722:
716:
715:
713:
711:
704:
702:
700:
694:
693:
691:
689:
682:
680:
673:
667:
666:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
645:
644:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
608:
607:
605:
598:
591:
584:
577:
571:
570:
568:
566:
559:
552:
545:
540:
529:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
497:
494:
492:
489:
486:
485:
465:
463:
416:language with
405:
402:
385:
384:Classification
382:
365:
362:
344:SOV word order
271:
270:
265:
259:
258:
251:
243:
242:
235:
227:
226:
225:Language codes
222:
221:
219:
218:
209:
207:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
167:
166:Native to
163:
162:
154:
153:
149:
148:
141:
130:
108:
105:
93:adding a topic
88:
77:
70:
51:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2692:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Murui Huitoto
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2070:Nomatsiguenga
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1042:9783110339680
1038:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
975:
971:
965:
962:
955:
954:
949:
944:
941:
934:
929:
925:
922:
918:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
876:
872:
870:
866:
862:
859:
855:
852:
848:
847:
843:
841:
837:
825:
819:
816:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
781:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
757:
751:
749:
742:
740:
738:
736:
733:
727:
723:
721:
717:
714:
712:
709:
705:
703:
701:
699:
695:
692:
690:
687:
683:
681:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
610:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
573:
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:
557:
553:
550:
546:
541:
539:
534:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
501:
495:
490:
482:
473:
469:
466:This section
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:agglutinative
415:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Kulina people
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Culina-Madijá
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
269:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
250:
249:
244:
240:
236:
233:
228:
223:
217:
214:
213:
212:
208:
204:
198:
194:
188:
185:
184:Kulina people
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
159:
146:
142:
139:
131:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
99:
98:main category
95:
94:
89:
86:
82:
78:
75:
72:
71:
65:
59:
58:in Portuguese
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2563:
2445:Cusco–Collao
2108:Upper Amazon
1841:Non-official
1827:Ka'apor Sign
1410:Akwẽ-Xerénte
1275:
1203:Enawenê-Nawê
1032:
998:
994:
988:
977:. Retrieved
973:
964:
951:
943:
927:
920:
913:
906:
899:
895:52: 209-243.
892:
885:
878:
874:
868:
857:
850:
844:Bibliography
831:
747:
476:
472:adding to it
467:
434:noun classes
414:head-marking
407:
397:
387:
367:
357:
352:
351:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
246:
215:
120:edit summary
111:
91:
61:
53:
2407:Chachapoyas
2170:Bora–Witoto
2093:Mashco Piro
2060:Machiguenga
1853:Vlax Romani
1832:Terena Sign
1796:Macarrônico
1677:Nambikwaran
1435:Djeoromitxí
720:Approximant
63:(July 2021)
2654:Categories
2343:Lambayeque
2216:Chayahuita
2208:Cahuapanan
2013:Indigenous
1996:Equatorial
1791:Lanc-Patuá
1690:Nambikwara
1621:Chapacuran
1596:Tenetehara
1470:Mẽbêngôkre
1430:Chiquitano
1339:Pará Arára
1324:Hixkaryana
1160:Indigenous
1132:Pomeranian
1106:Portuguese
1001:: 424–441.
979:2018-02-23
953:Ethnologue
935:References
888:32: 27-36.
496:Consonants
422:head-final
2559:Harákmbut
2338:Cajamarca
2292:Kashinawa
2128:Chamicuro
2045:Ashéninga
2040:Asháninka
2015:languages
1858:Hungarian
1581:Nheengatu
1576:Munduruku
1566:Kagwahiva
1485:Rikbaktsa
1382:Kashinawa
1238:Wapishana
1178:Asháninka
1162:languages
1051:898770080
923:6: 49-62.
886:Amerindia
649:Fricative
612:aspirated
575:voiceless
538:Affricate
491:Phonology
479:June 2008
442:agreement
248:Glottolog
232:ISO 639-3
180:Ethnicity
138:talk page
90:Consider
2589:Taushiro
2549:Ese Ejja
2510:Zaparoan
2464:Tucanoan
2435:Ayacucho
2427:Southern
2374:Pacaraos
2368:Huallaga
2321:Quechuan
2311:Yaminawa
2282:Iskonawa
2244:Huambisa
2239:Aguaruna
2231:Jivaroan
2133:Yanesha'
2114:Resígaro
2055:Caquinte
2050:Axininca
2023:Arawakan
1999:(Tumbes)
1981:Amazonic
1893:Romanian
1848:Japanese
1741:Katawixi
1736:Kanamarí
1685:Mamaindê
1644:Tukanoan
1591:Tapirapé
1490:Tapayúna
1465:Maxakalí
1440:Kaingang
1402:Macro-Jê
1392:Yaminawa
1354:Ye'kuana
1271:Jamamadí
1243:Warekena
1213:Mehinaku
1208:Mapidian
1193:Barawana
1170:Arawakan
516:Alveolar
436:and two
430:prefixes
426:suffixes
374:Amazonas
322:) is an
255:culi1244
114:provide
2599:Urarina
2584:Puquina
2579:Munichi
2574:Mochica
2570:family)
2555:family)
2553:Tacanan
2518:Arabela
2399:Lowland
2364:Huánuco
2352:Central
2306:Shipibo
2287:Kashibo
2277:Amawaka
2257:Shiwiar
2147:Aymaran
2121:Western
2088:Iñapari
1991:Coastal
1918:Chinese
1908:Turkish
1903:Tagalog
1898:Russian
1786:Cafundó
1731:Kadiwéu
1726:Irantxe
1716:Arutani
1629:Oro Win
1510:Nadahup
1500:Xavante
1495:Timbira
1450:Kĩsêdjê
1420:Arikapú
1415:Apinajé
1387:Shipibo
1377:Amawaka
1349:Sikiana
1334:Macushi
1314:Bakairi
1296:Cariban
1286:Zuruahá
1281:Paumarí
1228:Tariana
1218:Palikúr
1183:Atorada
1144:Italian
1139:Hunsrik
533:Plosive
526:Glottal
438:genders
404:Grammar
378:Ucayali
136:to the
118:in the
60:.
2594:Ticuna
2568:Arauan
2564:Kulina
2523:Iquito
2500:Omagua
2495:Cocama
2487:Tupian
2477:Secoya
2472:Orejón
2417:Kichwa
2359:Ancash
2301:Pisabo
2297:Matsés
2269:Panoan
2252:Achuar
2221:Jebero
2198:Ocaina
2160:Jaqaru
2155:Aymara
2004:Loncco
1986:Andean
1923:Slovak
1913:Korean
1888:Polish
1868:French
1863:Arabic
1766:Xukuru
1761:Ticuna
1756:Pirahã
1711:Aikanã
1704:Others
1695:Sabanê
1667:Wanano
1662:Tuyuca
1657:Tukano
1606:Xipaya
1586:Omagua
1561:Juruna
1551:Akwáwa
1543:Tupian
1480:Panará
1455:Krenak
1445:Karajá
1425:Bororo
1369:Panoan
1359:Waiwai
1344:Salumá
1329:Ikpeng
1309:Apalaí
1304:Amonap
1276:Kulina
1258:Arawan
1233:Terêna
1223:Paresi
1188:Baniwa
1149:Talian
1127:German
1049:
1039:
948:Culina
752:Vowels
698:Rhotic
543:voiced
511:Dental
506:Labial
398:madihá
390:Arawan
328:Brazil
320:Madihá
316:Madiha
312:Madija
308:Madijá
300:Korina
296:Corina
292:Curina
288:Culina
284:Kulyna
280:Kulína
278:(also
276:Kulina
268:Culina
216:Culina
211:Arauan
174:Brazil
161:Culina
2604:Yagua
2544:Culle
2440:Cusco
2412:Lamas
2379:Wanka
2065:Nanti
2032:Campa
1883:Greek
1873:Dutch
1751:Ninam
1746:Kwaza
1721:Guató
1652:Cubeo
1634:Wariʼ
1571:Kaiwá
1533:Nadëb
1528:Kakwa
1475:Ofayé
1319:Carib
1248:Waurá
838:]
834:[
774:Close
762:Front
671:Nasal
521:Velar
428:than
81:DeepL
2450:Puno
2384:Yaru
2178:Bora
2098:Yine
2080:Piro
1611:Zo'é
1601:Xeta
1266:Deni
1198:Baré
1047:OCLC
1037:ISBN
818:Open
767:Back
632:t͡sʰ
440:and
372:and
370:Acre
340:Deni
332:Peru
330:and
170:Perú
112:must
110:You
74:View
1523:Hup
1518:Dâw
950:at
867:".
797:Mid
625:t̪ʰ
595:t͡s
563:d͡z
474:.
444:on
326:of
263:ELP
239:cul
83:or
2656::
1045:.
1007:^
999:47
997:.
972:.
877:,
791:)
726:β̞
639:kʰ
618:pʰ
588:t̪
556:d̪
358:*s
353:*s
318:,
314:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
172:,
2566:(
2551:(
2370:)
2366:(
2299:/
1957:e
1950:t
1943:v
1084:e
1077:t
1070:v
1053:.
982:.
836:ɨ
824:a
810:o
803:ɛ
788:u
785:(
780:i
732:w
729:~
708:ɾ
686:n
677:m
663:h
602:k
581:p
549:b
535:/
481:)
477:(
147:.
140:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.