5277:
or not, condemned to occupy a position in the same category of groups that includes the People's Temple, the Manson Family, and other marginal movements which evoke public fear and horror. ... A great deal of effort has been expended within the social-scientific tradition to unravel the complexities of marginal religious organizations. Unfortunately it seems that the message is somehow totally lost to the majority of those employed by the major print media. Because of the level of professionalism that characterizes the staff of the newspapers and news weeklies in our sample, it can be expected that the situation is even worse among the more local and popular media, as can be deduced from the findings of
Bromley et al. (1979). They note, for instance, that most anti-cult oriented stories were printed in small community newspapers. The failure of the print media to recognize social-scientific efforts in the area of religious movement organizations (as our previous research also shows) impels us to add yet another failing mark to the media report card Weiss (1985) has constructed to assess the media's reporting of the social sciences.
2259:. Upon his immediate arrest, Yamagami testified that he was driven by Abe's relationship with the Unification Church. Yamagami's mother made large donations to the Unification Church that bankrupted their family. Yamagami's uncle reported that the mother's donations totaled to 100 million yen (US$ 720,000). This incident brought renewed attention to the social issues related to cults in Japan, which include the questionable religious meddling in state politics, fraudulent fundraising in the name of religion, and the welfare of
1890:), founded by psychologist Brigitte Rollett on September 29, 1977, engaged in an information campaign against religious minorities and new religious movements. GSK is a declared member of FECRIS. Between 1992 and 2008, GSK was funded by the state government of the city of Vienna. According to the HRWF report, further financing from the funds of the state government of Lower Austria is non-transparent.
2210:, killing 14 people and injuring about 1,000. After this incident, mainstream Japanese society faced their "cult problem" directly. Various anti-cult groups – many of them local – emerged from the publicity of the "Aum Affair." One of which is the Japan De-Culting Council (日本脱カルト研究会) on 11 November 1995. It was founded by lawyers, psychologists, academics, and other interested parties like ex-
2482:, among other scholars researching NRMs, have argued and established to the satisfaction of courts, relevant professional associations and scientific communities that there exists no scientific theory, generally accepted and based upon methodologically sound research, that supports the brainwashing theories as advanced by the anti-cult movement.
5276:
Rarely was an attempt made to define these arbitrarily applied concepts, and on the occasions when this did take place, anti-cultist definitions were much more prevalent than social-scientific insights. Furthermore, merely by adopting the concept "cult" as a descriptive category, NRMs were, willingly
5231:
This incitement to hatred is most acute in China. But it exists worldwide. Chinese officials, wherever they are posted, engage in this incitement as part and parcel of their official duties. In
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, this behaviour became the subject of a police recommendation for prosecution
2433:
observes that if the NRMs had access to powerful brainwashing techniques, one would expect that NRMs would have high growth rates, yet in fact most have not had notable success in recruitment. Most adherents participate for only a short time, and the success in retaining members is limited. For this
2027:
criticized foreign missionaries, sects, and new religious movements. They hoped that taking part in anti-cult declarations could demonstrate that they were not "sectarians." Some scholars have shown that anti-cult movements, especially with support of the government, can provoke serious religious
2549:
An article on the categorization of new religious movements in US media criticizes the print media for failing to recognize social-scientific efforts in the area of new religious movements and its tendency to use anti-cultist definitions rather than social-scientific insight. It asserts that the
2500:
Some members of the secular opposition to cults and to some new religious movements have argued that if brainwashing has deprived a person of their free will, treatment to restore their free will should take place, even if the "victim" opposes this. Precedents for this exist in the treatment of
2280:
Social scientists, sociologists, religious studies scholars, psychologists and psychiatrists have studied the modern field of "cults" and new religious movements since the early 1970s. Debates about certain purported cults and about cults in general often become polarized with widely divergent
1655:
The
European Coordination for Freedom of Conscience, a participating organization in the EU Fundamental Rights Platform, issued a report on FECRIS in 2014, describing the differences between how the organization describes itself and what its key figures actually do and say. It summarized that
1496:
The secular opposition to cults and new religious movements operates internationally, though a number of sizable and sometimes expanding groups originated in the United States. Some
European countries, such as France, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland have introduced legislation or taken other
2408:
discusses mind control as "the process by which individual or collective freedom of choice and action is compromised by agents or agencies that modify or distort perception, motivation, affect, cognition and/or behavioral outcomes," and he suggests that any human being is susceptible to such
1339:
later took up in relation to former members' narratives. Bromley and Shupe defined an "atrocity tale" as the symbolic presentation of action or events, real or imagined, in such a context that they come to flagrantly violate the (presumably) shared premises upon which a given set of social
2281:
opinions, not only among current followers and disaffected former members, but among scholars as well. Most academics agree that some groups have become problematic or very problematic but disagree over the extent to which new religious movements in general cause harm. For example,
2044:
set up a council called the
Council of Experts Conducting State Religious Studies Expert Analysis. The new council listed 80 large sects which it considered potentially dangerous to Russian society and mentioned that there were thousands of smaller ones. Large sects listed included
1307:
From the 1970s onwards some psychiatrists and clinical psychologists accused "cults" of harming some of their members. These accusations were sometimes based on observations made during therapy, and sometimes were related to theories regarding brainwashing or mind control.
2184:
902 million). According to
Yoshihide Sakurai, Japanese courts originally would require religious groups to return large donations if the person never joined the group, but once the person joined the group, their "spiritual sale" was made completely within their own
1340:
relationships should take place. The recounting of such tales has the intention of reaffirming normative boundaries. By sharing the reporter's disapproval or horror, an audience reasserts normative prescription and clearly locates the violator beyond the limits of
2505:: in such cases medical and legal authorities recognize the condition as depriving sufferers of their ability to make appropriate decisions for themselves. But the practice of forcing treatment on a presumed victim of "brainwashing" (one definition of "
6213:
2176:(NNLASS) was formed to combat these "spiritual sales" and supposedly forced donations. According to NNLASS, the group received over 34,000 complaints about "spiritual sales" and forced donations by 2021 totaling to about 123.7 billion
1100:
and
Christian groups) and associations of health professionals. Although there is a trend towards globalization, the social and organizational bases vary significantly from country to country according to the social and political
6203:
5809:
2370:
1702:
1639:
5814:
3698:
2002:
1274:
Some opposition to cults (and to some NRMs) started with family-members of cult-adherents who had problems with the sudden changes in character, lifestyle and future plans of their young adult children who had joined NRMs.
2189:
and should not be returned. However, lawyers argued that if the person was forced to make a donation, then they were not making it out of their free will and thus their donation or sale should be returned. Based on a 2006
6489:
2194:
decision, the circumstances of whether or not the
Unification Church used illegal recruiting or donation soliciting tactics were to be determined on a case-by-case basis, which was upheld by a 2007 appeal.
5725:
2244:. He, his wife, Satoko, and his 14-month-old son, Tatsuhiko, were all killed. In the aftermath of the Aum Affair in 1995, some Aum Shinrikyo members and one former member in September 1995 tipped off
3837:
Dominiek Coates, "The
Significance and Purpose of the 'Anti-Cult Movement' in Facilitating Disaffiliation From a New Religious Movement: Resources for Self-construction or a Justificatory Account,"
6510:
1709:
for anti-cult work throughout Europe. MIVILUDES has been criticized for the broad scope of its list of cults, which included both non-religious organizations and criteria for inclusion which
6350:
2550:"failure of the print media to recognize social-scientific efforts in the area of religious movement organizations ... impels us to add yet another failing mark to the media report card."
1993:
wrote in 2017 that it also represents ex-NRM members. Other groups like Cult
Counselling Australia (formed in 1991) exist in Australia to provide exit counseling and educational services.
3314:
1299:) originated from a father whose daughter had joined a high-control group, and other parents concerned about young adult offspring populated the American Family Foundation's membership.
5232:
of two Chinese consular officials in Calgary for wilful promotion of hatred against the Falun Gong. ... Despite the police recommendation, the Attorney General decided not to prosecute.
1690:
1112:, the movement is variously defined. A significant minority opinion suggests that analysis should treat the secular anti-cult movement separately from the religiously motivated (mainly
1854:, and (3) it was unfair since it was the only new religious movement that received such treatment. In 1999, the Church of Scientology attempted to obtain charitable status through the
2521:) have criticized deprogramming. While only a small fraction of the anti-cult movement has had involvement in deprogramming, several deprogrammers (including a deprogramming pioneer,
2139:
850:
2070:
4181:
4039:"Сергей Иваненко. О РЕЛИГИОВЕДЧЕСКИЕХ АСПЕКТАХ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ "АНТИКУЛЬТОВОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ". А также о его воздействии на государственно-конфессиональные отношения в современной России"
2142:
specifically banned Falun Gong. On 30 October 1999, the Standing Committee enacted a law that required courts, police, and prosecutors to prosecute "cult" activity generally.
1539:
The first organized opposition to new religions in the United States appeared in 1971 with the formation of FREECOG (Parents Committee to Free Our Sons and Daughters from the
5849:
5718:
2173:
2159:
215:
4156:, "Imposed Limitations on Freedom of Religion in China and the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine: A Legal Analysis of the Crackdown on the Falun Gong and Other 'Evil Cults,'"
2131:
2134:, to recognize Falun Gong as a legitimate form of spirituality. In response, Beijing specifically labeled Falun Gong an illegal religious organization which violated the
5854:
4689:
2135:
1794:
1163:
secular opposition: related to emotional, social, financial, and economic consequences of cult involvement, where "cult" can refer to a religious or to a secular group.
230:
1645:
Fédération Européenne des Centres de Recherche et d'Information sur le Sectarisme, English: European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism
1084:
The anti-cult movement is conceptualized as a collection of individuals and groups, whether formally organized or not, who oppose some "new religious movements" (or "
3761:
2046:
1393:
736:
273:
269:
5711:
1952:. Deprogrammings occurred throughout the 1970s and 1980s that resulted in numerous lawsuits resulting in a national transition away from deprogramming and toward
5563:. "Cults, Psychological Manipulation, and Society: International Perspectives – An Overview." Paper presented at American Family Foundation Annual Conference at
5532:. Cults and New Religions: Sources for Study of Nonconventional Religious Groups in Nineteenth-and-Twentieth-Century America. New York and London: Garland, 1990.
1512:
have the same legal rights as larger and more mainstream religious movements. As of 2004, the Netherlands do not have an anti-cult movement of any significance.
6524:
5622:
3711:
2119:) to refer to new religious movements. It is roughly translated by "evil cult," but the term dates as far back as the seventh century CE with various meanings.
716:
6412:
6398:
5634:
4528:
2694:
2087:. Anti-cult campaigns in the late twentieth century and early twenty-first centuries were founded on "scientific rationality and civilization," according to
820:
1656:"activities of FECRIS constitute a contravention of the principles of respect and tolerance of beliefs... is in direct opposition to the principles of the
6517:
6496:
6223:
6056:
6016:
4578:
2956:, edited by Harold I. Kaplan, Alfred M. Freedman, and Benjamin J. Sadock, 3245–3358. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. London and Baltimore, MD: William & Wilkins, 1980.
2615:
2569:
1028:
5075:
2939:
1419:
are erroneous. It also states that a religious sect can be considered a "cult" if its beliefs involve a denial of what they view as any of the essential
982:
879:
6330:
3296:
1701:, established in 2002, subsumed some of their operations. FECRIS (Fédération Européenne des Centres de Recherche et d'Information sur le Sectarisme),
785:
750:
653:
5568:
1144:
Most if not all of the groups involved express the view that there are potentially deleterious effects associated with some new religious movements.
6208:
5834:
5461:
2935:
1855:
1680:
1556:
1534:
1296:
583:
514:
385:
317:
166:
3400:
6036:
1572:
2805:
2801:
2091:
Nancy N. Chen. Chinese authorities claimed that by July 2001 that Falun Gong specifically was responsible for over 1,600 deaths through induced
6076:
4041:[On Religional Aspects of Studying "Anticultural Traffic" and also about its impact on state-confessional relations in modern Russia].
608:
573:
450:
380:
326:
4373:
3545:
2788:
6345:
6315:
6269:
5734:
4819:
3434:
2893:. "SOC 257: New Religious Movements Lectures: The Anti-Cult Movement." Course Lecture. University of Virginia, Department of Sociology. 1997.
2877:
2559:
2029:
1808:
1763:
1491:
874:
3519:
4043:
1366:
in the United States. For those belonging to the movement, all religious groups claiming to be Christian, but deemed outside of Christian
2220:
1478:
against the beliefs of non-fundamental Christian sects. Christian countercult activist writers also emphasize the need for Christians to
3421:
1859:
1805:
1657:
1241:
Former members who consider themselves egregiously wronged by a cult, often with the coordination and encouragement of anti-cult groups.
726:
495:
420:
250:
195:
4406:
6433:
6320:
5362:
5344:
4835:
4433:
3705:
2525:) have served prison terms for acts sometimes associated with deprogramming including kidnapping, while courts have acquitted others.
2310:
1057:, uncover coercive practices used to attract and retain members, and help those who have become involved with harmful cult practices.
465:
440:
335:
225:
6589:
5783:
4526:. "Combatting 'Cults' and 'Brainwashing' in the United States and Western Europe: A Comment on Richardson and Introvigne's Report."
2479:
2215:
2112:
2074:
1863:
1804:
In 1968, after a large movement from the public to investigate Scientology's effects on the health and well-being of its adherents,
1721:
884:
790:
603:
543:
500:
480:
405:
350:
345:
240:
210:
108:
5116:"A.C.L.U. AIDE WARNS ON SEIZING CULTISTS; A Danger Is Seen in Actions by Parents Who Seek to 'Deprogram' Children Held Brainwashed"
2396:
and member retention have been proposed that link mind control to NRMs, and particularly those religious movements referred to as "
1827:
to foreign nationals seeking employment in Scientology establishments were restricted. These measures were lifted in 1980 after a
1370:, were considered "cults." Christian cults are new religious movements which have a Christian background but are considered to be
6041:
5668:
5490:
5385:
4694:
3634:
2844:
2755:
1415:
The Christian countercult movement asserts that Christian sects whose beliefs are partially or wholly not in accordance with the
1384:
defines Christian cults as groups that follow the personal interpretation of an individual, rather than the understanding of the
862:
759:
470:
460:
395:
5378:
Cults and New Religious Movements: A Report of the Committee on Psychiatry and Religion of the American Psychiatric Association
5250:
3010:
Jean Duhaime. "Les Témoigagnes de Convertis et d'ex-Adeptes." (English: "The testimonies of converts and former followers") In
2421:, who also spent time studying the political brainwashing of Korean prisoners of war, agreed with this conclusion: in her book
2016:
1544:
1021:
825:
662:
638:
633:
558:
485:
445:
425:
415:
365:
312:
292:
260:
205:
190:
6335:
830:
6274:
6066:
5753:
5654:
5595:
5543:
5473:
5393:
5292:
5154:
4778:
3694:
3131:
3035:
2733:
2564:
2245:
1851:
1832:
1766:
1363:
1353:
1061:
975:
706:
671:
648:
618:
593:
588:
563:
553:
548:
538:
533:
528:
523:
505:
430:
340:
297:
245:
200:
175:
157:
93:
5067:
4499:
3378:
1850:
believes that three reasons led to the lifting of the "ban": (1) it was unenforceable, (2) it was hard to defend before the
1358:
In the 1940s, the long-held opposition by some established Christian denominations to non-Christian religions or supposedly
5367:
Bromley, David G. and Anson Shupe. "Anti-cultism in the United States: Origins, Ideology, and Organizational Development."
6405:
3765:
1979:
Tore Klevjer. It was founded by Ros Hodgkins, David Richardson, and nineteen others in 1996. CIFS combats NRMs as well as
931:
701:
696:
691:
643:
628:
623:
613:
578:
568:
490:
475:
455:
375:
360:
355:
307:
302:
287:
282:
180:
5115:
4894:
David G. Bromley and Anson Shupe. "Anti-cultism in the United States: Origins, Ideology and Organizational Development."
4247:"Problems over money continue at Unification Church: lawyers | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis"
6021:
5629:
5381:
4801:
4523:
3851:
2471:
2443:
2041:
775:
741:
731:
721:
676:
598:
435:
400:
390:
370:
255:
235:
185:
6579:
6574:
6426:
6310:
6026:
4811:
4158:
1053:, consists of various governmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals that seek to raise awareness of
992:
795:
711:
686:
681:
410:
220:
4335:"Editors' Introduction: Impact and Ramifications: The Aftermath of the Aum Affair in the Japanese Religious Context"
6552:
6051:
5586:
4731:
4631:
1588:
1552:
1292:
1014:
113:
2248:
about the general location of the bodies of the three victims, which were scattered to complicate search efforts.
6584:
6355:
6340:
6046:
5839:
5515:
4749:
3944:
3787:
3629:
2724:; van Driel, Barend (1994). "New Religious Movements in Europe: Developments and Reactions (Shupe and Bromley)".
2207:
2066:
1989:
1836:
1770:
1749:
896:
840:
2400:" by their critics. These theories resemble the original political brainwashing theories first developed by the
6468:
6377:
5419:
4554:
3992:"Effects of the Western Anti-Cult Movement on Development of Laws Concerning Religion in Post-Communist Russia"
3244:
3117:
2707:
Shupe, Anson and David G. Bromley. 1994. "Introduction," pp. vii–xi in Anson Shupe and David G. Bromley, eds.,
2640:
2054:
1540:
1376:
987:
845:
835:
68:
4277:
3429:. Berlin: Religion – Staat – Gesellschaft, Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews. pp. 183–189.
2923:
3762:"AUSTRIA: GSK: Is the FECRIS-branch of Austria becoming a shadow of itself? | Human Rights Without Frontiers"
2995:
5824:
5697:
5564:
5309:
5215:
4923:
3492:
3190:
2127:
1867:
1778:
1753:
1456:
1389:
1065:
5187:
6594:
6482:
6475:
5970:
5960:
5819:
5793:
5332:
5296:
5216:"Bloody Harvest: Revised Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China"
5022:
4914:
4858:
The Brainwashing/Deprogramming Controversy: Sociological, Psychological, Legal and Historical Perspectives
4805:
4770:
3174:
3170:
3062:
2442:
consider the idea that cults are brainwashing American youth to be "implausible." In addition to Bromley,
2286:
2211:
2203:
2050:
1957:
1717:
1567:
1548:
1530:
1509:
1452:
1405:
1401:
1284:
1102:
963:
926:
911:
6177:
5478:
4943:
4840:
4712:
4663:
4140:
4120:
Calum Macleod, "City Life: Beijing – China bars the masses from its biggest ever anti-cult exhibition,"
4038:
3930:
3148:
3112:
2623:
2587:
2537:
materials distributed at the annual conference of the ICSA by staff members of the Chinese Consulate in
2360:
2290:
2264:
1984:
1965:
1706:
1649:
1603:
1381:
901:
812:
6300:
2232:
was an anti-cult lawyer working on a civil case against Aum Shinrikyo. At approximately 3:00 a.m.
2610:
Philip Johnson et al. "Religious and Non-Religious Spirituality in the Western World ('New Age')." In
1866:
was a "place of meeting for religious worship" that could be registered as a place of marriage to the
6102:
6000:
5649:, edited by Charles H. Lippy and Peter W. Williams. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
4710:. "Paradoxes of Freedom and Regulation: the Case of New Religious Movements in Britain and America."
3276:, edited by James T. Richardson. Critical Issues in Social Justice. New York: Springer, 2004. 214–15.
2619:
2417:, concluding that in this context thought reform was possible without violence or physical coercion.
2393:
2191:
2181:
2088:
1812:
1733:
1623:
1444:
1218:
Regards individual autonomy as the manifest goal – achieved by getting people out of groups that use
936:
905:
73:
3468:. European Coordination of Associations and Individuals for Freedom of Conscience. 17 September 2014
3465:
2455:
6538:
6503:
6419:
6071:
5773:
5427:
5303:
Anthony, Dick "Pseudoscience and Minority Religions: An Evaluation of the Brainwashing Theories of
5245:
5010:
4459:
4288:
4153:
4098:
3925:
3071:
3052:
2721:
2656:
Shoshanah Feher. "Maintaining the Faith: The Jewish Anti-Cult and Counter-Missionary Movement." In
2430:
2427:
she describes six conditions which would create an atmosphere in which thought reform is possible.
2356:
2233:
1737:
948:
83:
48:
2036:
groups outside of "traditional Islam" (which is supervised by the Russian government); next were "
1092:
has reportedly recruited participants from family members of "cultists," former group members (or
6545:
6531:
6440:
5870:
5829:
5686:
5447:
5443:
5414:
5304:
5267:
5146:
5027:
4918:
4865:
4861:
4643:
4354:
4103:
4019:
3301:
3019:
2909:, edited by Jamie Cresswell and Bryan Wilson, 213–233. London and New York: Routledge, 1999. 216.
2869:
2780:
2518:
2459:
2423:
2165:
2164:
Japan's modern anti-cult movement began in the 1980s when numerous groups – though primarily the
2151:
1949:
1798:
1611:
1559:); it began organizing annual conferences, launched an information phone-line, and published the
889:
138:
4205:"China issues anti-cult law to combat Falun Gong and other movements regime deems undesirable,"
4067:
The New Nobility: The Restoration of Russia's Security State and The Enduring Legacy of the KGB.
2260:
1652:
for European organizations investigating the activities of groups labeled to be cults or sects.
1076:, and distribute information to this effect through church networks and via printed literature.
4688:
Dick Anthony and Thomas Robbins. "Law, Social Science, and the 'Brainwashing' Exception to the
3814:"Nová náboženská hnutí (stručný úvod) [nová náboženská hnutí, sekty, nová religiozita]"
3684:
Richardson and Van Driel, "New Religious Movements in Europe: Developments and Reactions," 154.
1663:
In 2015 FECRIS published a list of its member organizations, personalities and correspondents.
1258:
Broadcasters, journalists, and lawyers who base a reputation or career on anti-cult activities.
6447:
6182:
6122:
6107:
5995:
5875:
5650:
5610:
5602:"Secular and Religious Critiques of Cults: Complementary Visions, Not Irresolvable Conflicts."
5591:
5482:
5453:
5389:
5358:
5350:
5168:
5160:
5150:
5032:
4990:
4815:
4797:
4774:
4766:
4667:
4381:
4346:
4011:
3890:
3671:
3440:
3430:
3306:
3127:
3031:
3027:
2890:
2861:
2772:
2729:
2410:
2349:
2229:
2006:
1975:
Australia's main anti-cult organization is Cult Information and Family Support (CIFS), run by
1904:), which is considered by religionists to be an anti-cult movement, has been operating in the
1858:, but their application was rejected and the Church did not appeal the decision. In 2013, the
1686:
1440:
1436:
1397:
1190:
Endeavors to expose the heresy and correct the beliefs of those who have strayed from a truth.
1172:
78:
4834:
Alberto Amitrani and Raffaella Di Marzio. "'Mind Control' in New Religious Movements and the
4614:
Contemporary Social Science Issues. 1977. Reprint, London and Beverley Hills, CA: Sage, 1978.
3448:
3423:
Freedom of Religion or Belief, Anti-Sect Movements and State Neutrality, A Case Study: FECRIS
3272:
Richard Singelenberg. "Foredoomed to Failure: the Anti-Cult Movement in the Netherlands". In
2952:
Louis J. West and Margaret Thaler Singer. "Cults, Quacks, and Nonprofessional Therapies." In
6461:
6325:
6264:
6092:
6031:
5664:
5467:
5259:
4303:
4003:
3603:, edited by Jamie Cresswell and Bryan Wilson, 257–273. London and New York: Routledge, 1999.
3096:
3015:
2853:
2764:
2673:
2467:
2435:
2298:
2252:
2020:
1782:
1725:
1672:
1576:
1326:
857:
98:
37:
5248:(1988). "Research Note Categorization of New Religious Movements in American Print Media".
6157:
6152:
5975:
5945:
5930:
5915:
5895:
5560:
5498:
4962:
4781:
4611:
4464:
4122:
3617:
3572:
3067:
2809:
2576:
2495:
2463:
2418:
2405:
2331:
2282:
2169:
2100:
2037:
1980:
1953:
1720:, said could be applied to almost all religions. MIVILUDES officials are under the French
1619:
1448:
1341:
1336:
1137:
1089:
1004:
6112:
5376:
Bromley, David G. and Anson Shupe. "Public Reaction against New Religious Movements." In
3401:"Ted Patrick Convicted of Seizing Woman Said to Have Joined Cult; Escaped From Abductors"
921:
5703:
5068:"About 'cults': Allegations of brainwashing by new religious movements (a.k.a. 'cults')"
3715:
2804:
The Religious Movements Page. Religious Movements Page. Last Modified 26 November 2000.
1839:
ruled that the United Kingdom was entitled to refuse the right of entry to nationals of
6391:
6384:
6305:
6249:
6172:
6142:
6097:
6061:
5965:
5935:
5890:
5575:
5525:
5369:
5293:"'Mind Control' in New Religious Movements and the American Psychological Association,"
5000:
4896:
4648:
4579:"The Fact Pattern behind the Deprogramming Controversy: An Analysis and an Alternative"
3813:
3405:
3256:
3224:
3160:
2669:
2644:
2502:
2439:
2316:
Scholars in the field of new religious movements confront many controversial subjects:
1976:
1905:
1840:
1820:
1790:
1786:
1757:
1635:
1584:
1330:
1127:
1109:
869:
128:
30:
5647:
Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience: Studies of Traditions and Movements
5626:. 1961. Reprint, London and Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
5615:
Losing Reality: On Cults, Cultism, and the Mindset of Political and Religious Zealotry
5601:
4434:"Abe shooting suspect's mother donated ¥100 million to Unification Church, uncle says"
2905:
J. Gordon Melton. "Anti-cultists in the United States: An Historical Perspective." In
6568:
6284:
6279:
6259:
6239:
6147:
6137:
6127:
6117:
5900:
5885:
5768:
5763:
5685:. Edited by J. Gordon Melton. Garland Reference Library of Social Science. New York:
5437:
5410:
5327:
5192:
4996:
4910:
4763:
Agents of Discord: Deprogramming, Pseudo-Science, and the American Anticult Movement.
3236:
3123:
3056:
2873:
2784:
2689:
2506:
2491:
2451:
2414:
2335:
2306:
2199:
2155:
2024:
1969:
1961:
1944:
Australia's anti-cult movement began in the 1970s with the introduction of NRMs like
1939:
1935:
1931:
1847:
1828:
1713:
1592:
1561:
1543:). In 1973, FREECOG renamed itself as the Volunteer Parents of America, and then the
1280:
780:
143:
133:
103:
4219:
1571:. In 1996, CAN was sued for its involvement in the deprogramming of a member of the
6454:
6244:
5990:
5985:
5950:
5940:
5925:
5880:
5788:
5642:
5535:
5488:
Cowan, Douglas E. "Exits and Migrations: Foregrounding the Christian Countercult."
5433:
5403:
4646:. "'There Is No Place for Us to Go but Up': New Religious Movements and Violence."
4574:
3875:
Sherryn Groch, "Why do smart people join cults? And how do they get out of them?,"
2592:
2510:
2447:
2387:
2374:
2302:
2177:
1843:
1816:
1729:
1420:
1409:
1252:
1219:
958:
953:
941:
916:
17:
2079:
China's modern anti-cult movement began in the late 1990s with the development of
5623:
Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of "Brainwashing" in China
5079:
1466:
Countercult literature usually expresses doctrinal or theological concerns and a
1228:
Organizes around families of children currently or previously involved in a cult.
6254:
5980:
5955:
5920:
5910:
5905:
5036:
4559:
3612:
Elisabeth Arweck. "Anti-Cult Movement: FAIR, Cult Information Centre (CIC)." In
3165:
2978:
Thomas Robbins and Dick Anthony. "Cults, Brainwashing, and Counter-Subversion."
2857:
2768:
2522:
2475:
2172:" from new converts or people on the street. A lawyer's organization called the
2123:
1945:
1835:
believed that the "Scientology ban" was unfair. Despite this investigation, the
1824:
1815:
Scientologists into the United Kingdom. One measure was the automatic denial of
1774:
1595:
1526:
1471:
1322:
1276:
1069:
5530:
The Evangelical Christian Anti-Cult Movement: Christian Counter-Cult Literature
6360:
6198:
6167:
6162:
6132:
4707:
4246:
3895:
3203:
2996:"Atrocity Tales, the Unification Church, and the Social Construction of Evil."
2839:
2750:
2534:
2533:
In 2005, the Hate Crimes Unit of the Edmonton Police Service confiscated anti-
2256:
2237:
2084:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1580:
1479:
1467:
1288:
1113:
88:
4385:
4350:
4015:
3444:
3351:
3310:
2865:
2776:
2116:
1972:
status – similar to those in France. However, his efforts were unsuccessful.
6218:
5554:
5321:
5172:
5004:
4966:
4785:
4726:
4673:
4627:
4304:"Reactions to the Aum Affair: The Rise of the 'Anti-Cult' Movement in Japan"
2345:
2294:
2186:
1716:, the national secretary of the French episcopate to the study of cults and
1698:
1676:
1424:
1367:
1093:
118:
5518:. "The Anti-Cult Movement in America: An History of Cultural Perspective."
5440:
Controversy: Sociological, Psychological, Legal and Historical Perspectives
4007:
2111:
of practitioners' relatives. Chinese authorities adopted the negative term
1964:
attempted to enact legislation against NRMs – though primarily against the
1598:
was charged at least thirteen times and convicted at least three times for
6204:
European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism
5810:
APA Task Force on Deceptive and Indirect Methods of Persuasion and Control
5590:. London and New York: W. W. Norton and American Family Foundation, 1993.
5587:
Recovery From Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse
5140:
4807:
Misunderstanding Cults: Searching for Objectivity in a Controversial Field
3923:
Interview with Ann Wason Moore, "Fear creates a recipe for exploitation,"
3520:"An In-depth Look at the Negative Impact of the French Anti-Cult Movement"
2802:"Cult Group Controversies: Conceptualizing 'Anti-Cult' and 'Counter-Cult."
2371:
APA Task Force on Deceptive and Indirect Methods of Persuasion and Control
1819:
applications for foreign nationals seeking to study at Hubbard College at
1703:
European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism
1231:
Has the unannounced goal of disabling or destroying NRMs organizationally.
6214:
Union nationale des associations de défense des familles et de l'individu
5815:
Center for Religious Studies in the name of Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons
5049:
3949:
3048:
2241:
2104:
2003:
Center for Religious Studies in the name of Hieromartyr Irenaeus of Lyons
1922:), Support Group for the Victims of Religions, which is a FECRIS member.
1371:
1317:
1194:
1157:
4746:
The New Vigilantes: Deprogrammers, Anti-Cultists, and the New Religions.
4358:
4334:
4107:
4023:
3991:
2122:
About 10,000 Falun Gong protestors on 25 April 1999 demonstrated around
1374:
deviant by members of other Christian churches. In his influential book
6490:
The New Vigilantes: Deprogrammers, Anti-Cultists, and the New Religions
5844:
5683:
The Anti-Cult Movement in America: A Bibliography and Historical Survey
5271:
4938:
2538:
2096:
2092:
1460:
1428:
1097:
63:
4543:
Falling from the Faith: Causes and Consequences of Religious Apostasy.
3962:
3791:
5778:
5551:
Escaping Utopia: Growing Up in a Cult, Getting Out, and Starting Over
5355:
Cult Controversies: The Societal Response to New Religious Movements.
4880:
4460:"Deep Dive Episode 139: The Church, the State and Kishida's headache"
4224:
3651:
Manchester and Dover, NH: Manchester University Press, 1984. 106–109.
2404:
as a propaganda device to combat communism, with some minor changes.
2108:
2080:
2012:
1710:
1606:
for his deprogramming activities. In 1980, Patrick was convicted of "
1362:, or counterfeit, Christian sects crystallized into a more organized
1359:
5678:. Religious Information Systems. London and New York: Garland, 1994.
5263:
3466:"Question about a European "NGO" FECRIS | CAP Freedom of Conscience"
3085:
Bearing False Witness?: An Introduction to the Christian Countercult
2240:), several members of Aum Shinrikyo entered Sakamoto's apartment in
1474:
purpose. It presents a rebuttal by emphasizing the teachings of the
1152:
Commentators differentiate two main types of opposition to "cults":
3660:
Richardson and van Driel, "New Religious Movements in Europe," 154.
3261:
When Cultists Ask: A Popular Handbook on Cultic Misinterpretations.
2965:
David A. Halperin. "Psychiatric Perspectives on Cult Affiliation."
2680:, edited by Shupe and Bromley, 3–31. New York: Garland, 1994. p. 3.
2032:
prepared a list of "extremist groups." At the top of the list were
1823:
or any other Scientological educational institution. Additionally,
1265:
Cult-watching groups and individuals, and other opposition to cults
5164:
2581:
2033:
1773:(Family Action Information and Rescue/Resource) in 1976. In 1987,
1475:
1432:
1416:
1385:
1380:, first published in the United States in 1965, Christian scholar
5632:. "'Quo Vadis' the Scientific Study of New Religious Movements?"
5336:. 1984. Reprint, Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1989.
3496:
2366:
The objectivity of all scholars studying new religious movements.
1225:
Regards the struggle as an issue of control rather than theology.
5758:
5318:
Researching New Religious Movements: Responses and Redefinitions
5104:, edited by Peter B. Clarke. Oxford Handbooks Online, 2009. 426.
2751:"Exits and Migrations: Foregrounding the Christian Counter-Cult"
2514:
2397:
2344:
Ethical concerns regarding new religious movements, for example
1898:
The Society for the Study of Sects and New Religious Direction (
1694:
1505:
1501:
1085:
1054:
5707:
4885:
1984. Reprint, Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1989.
4374:"Japanese Police Find Body of a Lawyer Believed Killed by Cult"
4135:
For more on use of the term "evil cult", see Maria Hsia Chang,
3888:
Dayle Latham, "Cult followers need help to escape: supporter,"
1811:
implemented measures to prevent the immigration of foreign and
5142:
Dangerous meditation : China's campaign against Falungong
4407:"EXPLAINER: The Unification Church's ties to Japan's politics"
3649:
Religion and the Law: Religious Liberty in Modern English Law.
3356:
2980:
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2660:, edited by Shupe and Bromley, 33–48. New York: Garland, 1994.
2401:
1846:
seeking employment in Scientology establishments. Sociologist
4725:
Eileen Barker. "Religious Movements: Cult and Anticult Since
3546:"Lutte contre les sectes : la Miviludes va disparaître"
3352:"Group that once criticized Scientologists now owned by one"
2614:, edited by David Clayton et al. Lausanne Occasional Paper.
1587:
purchased the "Cult Awareness Network" name and formed the "
5576:"On Dialogue Between the Two Tribes of Cultic Researchers."
4939:"Mind control: psychological reality or mindless rhetoric?"
3379:"Regulation of Religious Proselytism in the United States."
2635:
Anson Shupe and David G. Bromley. "Anti-Cult Movement." In
1884:), renamed in 1992 from the Association for Mental Health (
1769:
established the first major British anti-cult group called
1119:
The anti-cult movement might be divided into four classes:
6351:
The Prohibited and Unlawful Societies and Associations Act
3632:. "The British Anti-Cult Movement... A View From Within."
3188:
Doctrine Twisting: How Core Biblical Truths are Distorted.
2692:. "The Scientific Study of Religion? You Must Be Joking!"
1878:
In Austria, the anti-cult movement is represented by GSK (
1693:; English: "Interministerial Mission in the Fight Against
6511:
Snapping: America's Epidemic of Sudden Personality Change
5512:. Boston, Bristol, and London: John Wright and PSG, 1983.
4308:
Bulletin of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture
3599:
George D. Chryssides. "Britain's Anti-cult movement." In
3206:, Methodology and the Study of New Religious Movements,"
5409:
Bromley, David G., Anson Shupe, and J. C. Ventimiglia. "
2413:
also applied his original ideas about thought reform to
1255:" who have made careers of organizing opposition groups.
3274:
Regulating Religion: Case Studies From Around the Globe
2994:
Bromley, David G., Shupe, Anson D., Ventimiglia, J. C.
2676:. "The Modern Anti-Cult Movement in North America." In
1901:
Společnost pro studium sekt a nových náboženských směrů
5510:
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Religion, Sect, and Cult
5048:
James T. Richardson. "The Active vs. Passive Convert:
3907:
Julie Huffer, "More tell of Sahaja yoga experiences,"
3699:"Enquiry into the Practice and Effects of Scientology"
2434:
and other reasons, sociologists of religion including
2255:
allegedly assassinated former Prime Minister of Japan
2071:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
29:"Countercult" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4545:
Sage Focus Editions. London: Sage Publications, 1988.
4220:"CESNUR 2001 – Anti Cult Movements in Japan (Tanaki)"
1691:
Mission interministérielle de lutte contre les sectes
1583:
the organization. A group which included a number of
1551:(CAN) in 1984. In 1979, another anti-cult group, the
1318:
Apostasy in alleged cults and new religious movements
1175:
sees four distinct classes of opposition to "cults":
5681:
Shupe, Anson D., David G. Bromley, Donna L. Oliver.
5540:
Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults
4609:
Conversion Careers: In and Out of the New Religions.
4458:
McKenna, Shaun; Takahara, Kanako (7 December 2022),
3839:
International Journal for the Study of New Religions
3742:
Johnathan Benthall. "Scientology's Winning Streak."
3669:
Eileen Barker, "The British Right to Discriminate,"
2140:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
1685:
Anti-cult organizations in France have included the
1591:." In the 1970s and 1980s American anti-cultist and
1203:
protects members (especially youth) from heresy, and
6369:
6293:
6232:
6191:
6085:
6009:
5863:
5850:
National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales
5802:
5741:
5567:, 14 May 1999. Published digitally and archived on
5030:: The Continuing Fight Against Their Hidden Menace.
4564:
Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
2341:
The validity of evidence of harm caused by "cults".
2327:
The validity of the testimonies of current members.
2174:
National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales
2160:
National Network of Lawyers Against Spiritual Sales
2015:anti-cultism appeared in the early 1990s since the
1916:
In Finland from 1993 operates organisation U.U.T. (
1728:against sects and cultic influence that "undermine
1660:and other international human rights instruments."
1060:One prominent group within the anti-cult movement,
3942:Kay Dibben, "Senator takes aim at cult coercion,"
3620:, 35–37. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 37.
3340:Melton, "Anti-Cultists in the United States," 228.
1167:
5676:Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective
5341:New Religious Movements: A Practical Introduction
2726:Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective
2709:Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective
2678:Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective
2658:Anti-Cult Movements in Cross-Cultural Perspective
2392:Over the years various controversial theories of
1868:Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages
1283:," exemplifies members of this group. The former
5102:The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Religion
5100:James T. Richardson. "Religion and The Law." In
4917:: An Evaluation of the Brainwashing Theories of
3990:Shterin, Marat S.; Richardson, James T. (2000).
3227:. Bloomington, MN: Bethany House, 2003. 479–493.
3168:: A Beginner's Guide to Cults and New Religions.
1648:) organization has been active since 1994 as an
1184:Opposition usually defined in theological terms.
5661:A Documentary History of the Anti-Cult Movement
5472:Bearing False Witness?: An Introduction to the
5333:The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing?
4856:David G. Bromley and James T. Richardson, eds.
3420:Besier, Gerhard; Seiwert, Hubert, eds. (2012).
3395:
3393:
3391:
3103:Rev. ed. New York and London: Garland, 1992. 5.
2840:"New religious movements and the fear of crime"
2047:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1497:measures against cults or "cultic deviations."
1394:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
5855:People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion
5503:New Religious Movements: Changes and Responses
5052:Conflict in Conversion/Recruitment Research."
4484:David G. Bromley and Phillip E. Hammond, eds.
3601:New Religious Movements: Changes and Responses
2907:New Religious Movements: Changes and Responses
2216:Japan Society for Cult Prevention and Recovery
1795:People's Organised Workshop on Ersatz Religion
36:"Anticult" redirects here. For the album, see
6525:Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism
5719:
4080:Persecuted: The Global Assault on Christians.
3985:
3983:
1917:
1579:. Other parties joined the lawsuit, and this
1133:groups formed to counter a specific cult; and
1022:
8:
6413:The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions
6399:Brainwashing: The Science of Thought Control
5635:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
5054:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
4748:Sage Library of Social Research. London and
4623:David G. Bromley and J. Gordon Melton, eds.
4529:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
3730:Barker, "British Right to Discriminate," 39.
2924:"1979-2019: The Changing Population of ICSA"
2828:London and New York: Cassell, 1999. 349–351.
2695:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
1885:
1879:
1643:
6518:Strange Gods: The Great American Cult Scare
6497:On the Edge: Political Cults Right and Left
6224:Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France
6057:New England Institute of Religious Research
6017:Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry
5674:Shupe, Anson D. and David G. Bromley, eds.
5645:, "Cults in the late Twentieth Century" in
5617:. London and New York: The New Press, 2019.
5400:Strange Gods: The Great American Cult Scare
5291:Amitrani, Alberto and Raffaella di Marzio.
4488:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1987.
4182:"The Ban of Falun Gong Is at People's Will"
4078:Paul Marshall, Lela Gilbert and Nina Shea.
2616:Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization
2584:(the latter commonly referred to as a cult)
2570:Parliamentary Commission on Cults in France
1899:
1168:Hadden's taxonomy of the anti-cult movement
5726:
5712:
5704:
5076:Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
4271:
4269:
4267:
3852:"Xenophon won't give up on Scientologists"
3101:Encyclopedic Handbook of Cults in America.
2028:conflicts in Russian society. In 2008 the
1881:Gesellschaft gegen Sekten und Kultgefahren
1291:-movement by parents of cult-members. The
1029:
1015:
162:
44:
6331:Kingdom of Jesus Christ compound standoff
4967:"What messages are behind today's cults?"
3573:"Church attacks new French anti-cult law"
3263:Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1997.
3087:. London and Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.
2612:A New Vision, a New Heart, a Renewed Call
2529:Responses of targeted groups and scholars
2136:People's Republic of China's Constitution
1887:Verein zur Wahrung der geistigen Freiheit
786:Female genital mutilation laws by country
6209:Centre contre les manipulations mentales
5835:International Cultic Studies Association
5417:, and the Social Construction of Evil."
4583:N.Y.U. Review of Law & Social Change
4082:Ebook version. Thomas Nelson Inc., 2013.
2954:Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/III
2936:International Cultic Studies Association
2509:") has constantly proven controversial.
2330:The validity of and differences between
1681:Centre contre les manipulations mentales
1626:7,500 from her family to deprogram her.
1557:International Cultic Studies Association
1535:International Cultic Studies Association
1516:National or regional anti-cult movements
1303:Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists
1297:International Cultic Studies Association
1206:increases solidarity among the faithful.
6037:Evangelical Ministries to New Religions
5505:. London and New York: Routledge, 1999.
4278:"The Cult Problem in Present-Day Japan"
3614:Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements
2603:
1856:Charity Commission of England and Wales
1573:United Pentecostal Church International
1329:and Joseph Ventimiglia coined the term
767:
749:
661:
513:
325:
268:
165:
47:
6077:Wellspring Retreat and Resource Center
5845:Fight Against Coercive Tactics Network
5694:Apostates and New Religious Movements.
5659:Shupe, Anson D. and David G. Bromley.
5188:"'Cult Buster' Acquitted In Abduction"
4852:
4850:
3919:
3917:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3047:Anson D. Shupe and David G. Bromley. "
2639:, edited by William H. Swatos, 27–28.
2388:Brainwashing § Anti-cult movement
1801:also grew during the 1970s and 1980s.
1705:, operates in France and serves as an
1136:organizations that offer some form of
6316:Governmental lists of cults and sects
5735:Opposition to new religious movements
5542:. London, Los Angeles, and Berkeley:
4937:Zimbardo, Philip G. (November 2002).
4761:Anson D. Shupe and Susan E. Darnell.
4744:Anson D. Shupe and David G. Bromley.
4684:
4682:
4486:The Future of New Religious Movements
4339:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies
4333:Baffelli, Erica; Reader, Ian (2012).
4285:Journal of Graduate School of Letters
4094:Healing Sects and Anti-Cult Campaigns
4069:New York: PublicAffairs, 2010. 65–66.
3738:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3595:
3593:
3377:Howard O. Hunter and Polly J. Price.
3295:Wooten, James T. (29 November 1971).
3055:: Some Parameters in the Dynamics of
2990:
2988:
2917:
2915:
2901:
2899:
2820:
2818:
2560:Governmental lists of cults and sects
1697:"), operational from 7 October 1998.
1618:" of Roberta McElfish, a waitress in
1492:Governmental lists of cults and sects
7:
4372:Pollack, Andrew (7 September 1995).
3710:UK National Archive piece reference
2838:Possamaï, Adam; Lee, Murray (2004).
2728:. Garland. pp. 129–170, 137ff.
2637:Encyclopedia of Religion and Society
2214:members. It changed its name to the
2030:Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
1555:(AFF) was founded (which is now the
1197:of deception rather than possession.
1062:Christian counter-cult organizations
5442:. Studies in Religion and Society.
5398:Bromley, David G. and Anson Shupe.
4860:. Studies in Religion and Society.
4044:Slavic Center for Law & Justice
4037:Ivanenko, Sergey (17 August 2009).
3544:Kheniche, Ouafia (1 October 2019).
3383:Brigham Young University Law Review
3012:New Religions in a Postmodern World
2369:The acceptance or rejection of the
2321:
2320:The validity of the testimonies of
1658:European Convention on Human Rights
6434:Cults: Faith, Healing and Coercion
6346:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
5066:Robinson, B. A. (22 August 2007).
4836:American Psychological Association
4162:47, no. 2 (2005): 243–267. p. 243.
3764:. 27 November 2016. Archived from
3518:Williams, Elizabeth (4 May 2020).
3317:from the original on 27 June 2023.
2942:from the original on 7 March 2023.
2880:from the original on 18 June 2022.
2791:from the original on 27 June 2023.
2698:34, no. 3 (1995): 287–310, p. 297.
2138:in May 1999. On 22 July 1999, the
25:
5549:Lalich, Janja and Karla McLaren.
5114:Blau, Eleanor (6 February 1977).
4995:Destroying the World to Save It:
4500:"Why The Bruderhof Is Not A Cult"
3841:3, no. 2 (2012): 213–244. p. 219.
3186:H. Wayne House and Gordon Carle.
2486:Deprogramming and exit counseling
2480:Mount Wilson FM Broadcasters, Inc
2075:Heterodox teachings (Chinese law)
1279:, widely known as "the father of
1156:religious opposition: related to
791:Legal aspects of ritual slaughter
109:Catholic priests in public office
6042:Institute for Religious Research
5491:Journal of Contemporary Religion
5386:American Psychiatric Association
4065:Andreĭ Soldatov and I. Borogan.
3635:Journal of Contemporary Religion
3495:. 15 August 2015. Archived from
3297:"Ill Winds Buffet Communal Sect"
2845:Journal of Contemporary Religion
2756:Journal of Contemporary Religion
1200:Serves two important functions:
5345:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
3790:. 3 August 2009. Archived from
3706:Her Majesty's Stationery Office
3350:Knapp, Dan (19 December 1996).
3024:RENNER Studies in New Religions
2017:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1364:Christian counter cult movement
1180:Opposition grounded on religion
1096:), religious groups (including
6067:Spiritual Counterfeits Project
5754:Christian countercult movement
5667:: Center for Social Research,
5544:University of California Press
5214:Matas, David; Kilgour, David.
4695:Behavioral Science and the Law
4625:Cults, Religion, and Violence.
2711:, New York, NY: Garland, p. x.
2565:Christian countercult movement
2409:manipulation. In a 1999 book,
2276:Polarized views among scholars
1852:European Court of Human Rights
1354:Christian countercult movement
1348:Christian countercult movement
1222:and deceptive proselytization.
1072:grounds, categorizing them as
976:Christian countercult movement
885:Oriental Orthodox Christianity
94:Separation of church and state
1:
6406:Captive Hearts, Captive Minds
6321:Mass suicide of Heaven's Gate
5220:organharvestinvestigation.net
3571:Hensley, Jon (22 June 2000).
3074:: Rose of Sharon Press, 1981.
2513:organizations (including the
2382:Brainwashing and mind-control
1985:multi-level marketing schemes
1148:Religious and secular critics
1108:As with many subjects in the
880:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
821:Traditional African religions
6022:Christian Research Institute
4432:Kyodo, Jiji (15 July 2022).
4171:Edelman and Richardson, 251.
3151:: Vision House, 1978. 11–12.
2922:Langone, Michael D. (2019).
2265:children of religious family
1864:Scientology chapel in London
1123:secular counter-cult groups;
776:Apostasy in Islam by country
6427:Combating Cult Mind Control
6311:Assassination of Shinzo Abe
6027:Dialog Center International
4812:University of Toronto Press
4276:Sakurai, Yoshihide (2008).
4159:Journal of Church and State
4137:Falun Gong: The End of Days
3996:Journal of Church and State
3896:Wollongong, New South Wales
2858:10.1080/1353790042000266354
2769:10.1080/1353790022000008271
2208:Tokyo subway with sarin gas
2042:Russian Ministry of Justice
1547:(CFF), before becoming the
1545:Citizens Freedom Foundation
1270:Family-members of adherents
1187:Cults considered heretical.
796:Religious male circumcision
6611:
6553:Zealot: A Book About Cults
6192:Governmental organizations
6052:Midwest Christian Outreach
5638:39, no. 4 (2000): 515–523.
5607:12, no. 2 (1995): 166–186.
5494:17, no. 3 (2002): 339–354.
5373:42, no. 2 (1995): 221–236.
5313:12, no. 4 (1999): 421–456.
5056:24, no. 2 (1985): 163–179.
4927:12, no. 4 (1999): 421–456.
4900:42, no. 2 (1995): 221–236.
4735:12, no. 1 (1983): 329–346.
4732:Annual Review of Sociology
4716:48, no. 4 (1988): 355–371.
4652:49, no. 1 (2002): 213–224.
4632:Cambridge University Press
4532:40, no. 2 (2001): 169–176.
3879:(Melbourne), 17 July 2022.
2749:Cowan, Douglas E. (2002).
2489:
2385:
2355:Opposition to "cults" vs.
2293:are not a cult similar to
2149:
2064:
2000:
1929:
1747:
1670:
1589:New Cult Awareness Network
1553:American Family Foundation
1524:
1489:
1351:
1315:
1293:American Family Foundation
1247:Entrepreneurial opposition
35:
28:
6356:Tokyo subway sarin attack
6341:Persecution of Falun Gong
6233:Individuals in government
6047:Personal Freedom Outreach
5840:The Family Survival Trust
5584:Langone, Michael D., ed.
5579:Cultic Studies Newsletter
5522:2, no. 1 (1993): 267–296.
5357:London: Tavistock, 1985.
5186:Staff (19 January 1994).
4883:: Choice or Brainwashing?
3675:21, no. 4 (1984): 35–41 .
3221:The Kingdom of the Cults.
2067:Persecution of Falun Gong
1837:European Court of Justice
1750:The Family Survival Trust
1740:was established in 2001.
1435:himself as a person, the
781:Blasphemy laws by country
6590:Religious discrimination
6469:The Kingdom of the Cults
6378:All Gods Children (book)
5571:(retrieved 29 May 2022).
5508:Halperin, David A., ed.
5423:29, no. 3 (1979): 42–53.
5420:Journal of Communication
4302:Watanabe Manabu (1997).
4207:International Law Update
4092:Chen, Nancy N. (2003). "
3716:alternative html version
3118:The Kingdom of the Cults
3001:29, no. 3 (1979): 42–53.
2999:Journal of Communication
2826:Exploring New Religions.
2053:, and what were called "
1724:as of January 2020. The
1722:Ministry of the Interior
1377:The Kingdom of the Cults
1287:(old CAN) grew out of a
216:Central African Republic
69:Religious discrimination
5825:Cult Information Centre
5698:Oxford University Press
5581:2, no. 1 (1983): 11–15.
5565:University of Minnesota
5553:. New York and Oxford:
5460:. London and New York:
5458:Exploring New Religions
5320:. London and New York:
5310:Social Justice Research
4924:Social Justice Research
4698:10, no. 1 (1992): 5–29.
4139:(New Haven and London:
4126:(London), 18 July 2001.
3926:The Gold Coast Bulletin
3788:"NOVÁ NÁBOŽENSKÁ HNUTÍ"
3329:Exploring New Religions
3063:New Religious Movements
2545:Failure of nomenclature
2287:new religious movements
2128:Chinese Communist Party
2107:, among others and the
1779:Cult Information Centre
1754:Cult Information Centre
1718:new religious movements
1510:new religious movements
1486:Governmental opposition
1482:to followers of cults.
1457:Second Coming of Christ
1390:mainstream Christianity
1066:new religious movements
971:New religious movements
717:Palestinian territories
6483:Misunderstanding Cults
6476:The Making of a Moonie
6336:Persecution of Baháʼís
5820:Cult Awareness Network
5794:New religious movement
5605:Cultic Studies Journal
5426:Bromley. David G. and
5297:Cultic Studies Journal
5023:Margaret Thaler Singer
4771:Transaction Publishers
4541:David G. Bromley, ed.
3746:30, no. 1 (2014): 3–4.
3493:"Members | fecris.org"
3241:Evangelising the Cults
2824:George D. Chryssides.
2808:27 August 2006 at the
2204:new religious movement
2089:medical anthropologist
1919:Uskontojen uhrien tuki
1918:
1900:
1886:
1880:
1644:
1568:Cultic Studies Journal
1549:Cult Awareness Network
1531:Cult Awareness Network
1453:Resurrection of Christ
1406:Unitarian Universalism
1285:Cult Awareness Network
1103:opportunity structures
1049:and also known as the
964:Religious antisemitism
6178:Walter Ralston Martin
6086:Religious individuals
5497:Cresswell, Jamie and
5474:Christian Countercult
5251:Sociological Analysis
5003:, and The New Global
4971:Monitor on Psychology
4944:Monitor on Psychology
4841:Cultic Studies Review
4713:Sociological Analysis
4672:London and New York:
4664:Religion and Violence
4607:James T. Richardson.
4141:Yale University Press
3931:Southport, Queensland
3638:3, no. 2 (1986): 6–8.
3524:Curious Mind Magazine
3145:The Rise of the Cults
3113:Walter Ralston Martin
3061:The Social Impact of
2624:William Carey Library
2588:Religious persecution
2490:Further information:
2386:Further information:
2361:religious intolerance
2291:Bruderhof Communities
1966:Church of Scientology
1707:umbrella organization
1604:unlawful imprisonment
1490:Further information:
813:Religious persecution
6103:Robert M. Bowman Jr.
6001:Lawrence Wollersheim
5620:Lifton, Robert Jay.
5454:Chryssides, George D
5300:17, (2000): 101–121.
5011:Henry Holt & Co.
5001:Apocalyptic Violence
4008:10.1093/jcs/42.2.247
3898:), 17 November 2014.
3647:John A. Robilliard.
3208:Religious Traditions
2580:– podcast debunking
2192:Tokyo District Court
2168:– began soliciting "
1781:. Other groups like
1734:fundamental freedoms
1500:In the Netherlands "
1445:Crucifixion of Jesus
1130:counter-cult groups;
1051:countercult movement
74:Religious censorship
6539:When Prophecy Fails
6504:Recovery from Cults
6420:Churches That Abuse
6072:Watchman Fellowship
5864:Secular individuals
5774:Freedom of religion
5669:University of Texas
5641:Robbin, Thomas and
5428:James T. Richardson
5316:Arweck, Elisabeth.
5246:Richardson, James T
5244:van Driel, Barend;
5072:Religious Tolerance
4963:Zimbardo, Philip G.
4844:17 (2000): 101–121.
4289:Hokkaido University
4154:James T. Richardson
4099:The China Quarterly
3952:), 5 February 2017.
3818:www.david-zbiral.cz
3768:on 27 November 2016
3744:Anthropology Weekly
3223:rev. ed. Edited by
3166:Defending the Faith
3026:. Aarhus, Denmark:
2969:20 (1990): 204–218.
2722:Richardson, James T
2431:James T. Richardson
2375:brainwashing thesis
2357:freedom of religion
2051:Jehovah's Witnesses
1738:mental manipulation
1402:Jehovah's Witnesses
84:Religious pluralism
49:Freedom of religion
18:Cult-watching group
6580:Religious activism
6575:Anti-cult movement
6546:The Wrong Way Home
6532:Twisted Scriptures
6441:Cults in Our Midst
5871:Jean-Marie Abgrall
5830:Cultists Anonymous
5784:Heterodox teaching
5749:Anti-cult movement
5692:Wilson, Bryan R.,
5611:Lifton, Robert Jay
5600:Langone, Michael.
5574:Langone, Michael.
5448:Edwin Mellen Press
5444:Lewiston, New York
5415:Unification Church
5384:. Washington, DC:
5305:Jean-Marie Abgrall
5147:Human Rights Watch
5120:The New York Times
5028:Cults in Our Midst
4919:Jean-Marie Abgrall
4915:Minority Religions
4866:Edwin Mellen Press
4862:Lewiston, New York
4798:Zablocki, Benjamin
4750:Beverley Hills, CA
4644:Massimo Introvigne
4378:The New York Times
4152:Bryan Edelman and
3967:cultconsulting.org
3385:no. 2 (2001): 546.
3302:The New York Times
3285:Singelenberg, 213.
3219:Walter R. Martin.
3210:10 (1987): 95–106.
3202:Garry W. Trompf. "
3143:Walter R. Martin,
3083:Douglas E. Cowan,
3020:Reender Kranenborg
2982:446 (1979): 78–90.
2967:Psychiatric Annals
2519:Human Rights Watch
2466:, Anson D. Shupe,
2460:Massimo Introvigne
2424:Cults in Our Midst
2289:, argued that the
2166:Unification Church
2152:Unification Church
2126:, the seat of the
2083:groups, primarily
1950:Unification Church
1829:1971 investigation
1806:Minister of Health
1799:Cultists Anonymous
1689:(1981–) and MILS (
1622:, after accepting
1612:false imprisonment
1423:teachings such as
1214:Secular opposition
1043:anti-cult movement
139:Confessional state
6562:
6561:
6448:Cults of Unreason
6294:Historical events
6183:Robert Passantino
6123:Alexander Dvorkin
5996:Louis Jolyon West
5961:Tsutsumi Sakamoto
5876:John Gordon Clark
5351:Beckford, James A
5033:San Francisco, CA
4991:Robert Jay Lifton
4821:978-0-8020-8188-9
4767:New Brunswick, NJ
4668:Religious Studies
4498:Wilson, Bryan R.
4251:The Asahi Shimbun
4209:5, no. 12 (1999).
3891:Illawarra Mercury
3697:(December 1971).
3499:on 15 August 2015
3436:978-3-643-99894-1
3409:. 30 August 1980.
3257:Norman L. Geisler
3245:Milton Keynes, UK
3191:Downers Grove, IL
3122:Bloomington, MN:
3028:Aarhus University
2891:Jeffrey K. Hadden
2350:freedom of speech
2230:Tsutsumi Sakamoto
2007:Alexander Dvorkin
1981:lifestyle coaches
1687:Centre Roger Ikor
1441:Miracles of Jesus
1437:ministry of Jesus
1398:Christian Science
1173:Jeffrey K. Hadden
1039:
1038:
875:Jehovah's Witness
851:post–Cold War era
803:
802:
158:Status by country
79:Religious liberty
16:(Redirected from
6602:
6585:Social movements
6462:The Incendiaries
6326:Jason Scott case
6301:About–Picard law
6270:Kenneth Robinson
6265:Catherine Picard
6093:Johannes Aagaard
6032:Dialogue Ireland
6010:Religious groups
5728:
5721:
5714:
5705:
5561:Langone, Michael
5468:Cowan, Douglas E
5339:Barker, Eileen.
5280:
5279:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5145:. New York, NY:
5137:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5111:
5105:
5098:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5082:on 19 April 2012
5078:. Archived from
5063:
5057:
5046:
5040:
5020:
5014:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4934:
4928:
4907:
4901:
4892:
4886:
4879:The Making of a
4875:
4869:
4854:
4845:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4794:
4788:
4759:
4753:
4742:
4736:
4723:
4717:
4705:
4699:
4686:
4677:
4661:Paul R. Powers.
4659:
4653:
4641:
4635:
4621:
4615:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4571:
4565:
4552:
4546:
4539:
4533:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4495:
4489:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4273:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4163:
4150:
4144:
4143:, 2004), 97–100.
4133:
4127:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4089:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4034:
4028:
4027:
3987:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3959:
3953:
3940:
3934:
3921:
3912:
3909:Hornsby Advocate
3905:
3899:
3886:
3880:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3848:
3842:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3794:on 3 August 2009
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3728:
3719:
3709:
3703:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3652:
3645:
3639:
3627:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3447:. Archived from
3428:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3397:
3386:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3270:
3264:
3259:and Ron Rhodes,
3254:
3248:
3234:
3228:
3217:
3211:
3200:
3194:
3184:
3178:
3175:Baker Book House
3171:Grand Rapids, MI
3158:
3152:
3141:
3135:
3110:
3104:
3097:J. Gordon Melton
3094:
3088:
3081:
3075:
3053:Atrocity Stories
3045:
3039:
3016:Mikael Rothstein
3008:
3002:
2992:
2983:
2976:
2970:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2919:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2835:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2674:David G. Bromley
2667:
2661:
2654:
2648:
2641:Walnut Creek, CA
2633:
2627:
2608:
2503:mental illnesses
2468:J. Gordon Melton
2436:David G. Bromley
2299:Branch Davidians
2253:Tetsuya Yamagami
2251:On 8 July 2022,
2224:
2055:neo-Pentecostals
2021:1991 August Coup
1921:
1903:
1889:
1883:
1860:UK Supreme Court
1809:Kenneth Robinson
1783:Deo Gloria Trust
1726:About-Picard law
1673:About-Picard law
1647:
1327:David G. Bromley
1031:
1024:
1017:
163:
99:Anti-clericalism
45:
38:Anticult (album)
21:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6565:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6365:
6289:
6228:
6187:
6158:Reinhart Hummel
6153:Hank Hanegraaff
6081:
6005:
5976:Margaret Singer
5946:Jesse S. Miller
5931:Michael Langone
5916:Stephen A. Kent
5896:Carol Giambalvo
5859:
5798:
5737:
5732:
5630:Robbins, Thomas
5569:Wayback Machine
5516:Kaplan, Jeffrey
5288:
5286:Further reading
5283:
5264:10.2307/3711011
5243:
5242:
5238:
5224:
5222:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5198:
5196:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5157:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5099:
5095:
5085:
5083:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5047:
5043:
5021:
5017:
4989:
4985:
4975:
4973:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4909:Dick Anthony. "
4908:
4904:
4893:
4889:
4877:Eileen Barker.
4876:
4872:
4855:
4848:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4804:, eds. (2001).
4802:Robbins, Thomas
4796:
4795:
4791:
4760:
4756:
4743:
4739:
4724:
4720:
4706:
4702:
4690:First Amendment
4687:
4680:
4660:
4656:
4642:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4553:
4549:
4540:
4536:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4492:
4483:
4479:
4470:
4468:
4465:The Japan Times
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4438:The Japan Times
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4315:
4301:
4300:
4296:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4230:
4228:
4218:
4217:
4213:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4170:
4166:
4151:
4147:
4134:
4130:
4123:The Independent
4119:
4115:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4073:
4064:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4036:
4035:
4031:
3989:
3988:
3981:
3971:
3969:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3941:
3937:
3933:), 6 June 2020.
3922:
3915:
3911:, 9 April 1997.
3906:
3902:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3668:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3646:
3642:
3628:
3624:
3618:Peter B. Clarke
3611:
3607:
3598:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3454:on 28 May 2020.
3451:
3437:
3426:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3326:
3322:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3271:
3267:
3255:
3251:
3235:
3231:
3218:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3185:
3181:
3159:
3155:
3142:
3138:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3082:
3078:
3068:Bryan R. Wilson
3046:
3042:
3009:
3005:
2993:
2986:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2921:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2885:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2816:
2810:Wayback Machine
2800:
2796:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2702:
2688:
2684:
2668:
2664:
2655:
2651:
2634:
2630:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2577:QAnon Anonymous
2556:
2547:
2531:
2498:
2496:Exit counseling
2488:
2464:Lorne L. Dawson
2419:Margaret Singer
2406:Philip Zimbardo
2390:
2384:
2373:report and the
2332:exit counseling
2285:, an expert on
2283:Bryan R. Wilson
2278:
2273:
2246:Japanese police
2225:in April 2004.
2218:
2170:spiritual sales
2162:
2148:
2101:self-immolation
2077:
2065:Main articles:
2063:
2040:." In 2009 the
2023:. Some Russian
2009:
1999:
1954:exit counseling
1942:
1928:
1914:
1896:
1876:
1862:ruled that the
1760:
1746:
1683:
1669:
1632:
1620:Tucson, Arizona
1541:Children of God
1537:
1523:
1518:
1494:
1488:
1449:Death of Christ
1356:
1350:
1342:public morality
1337:Bryan R. Wilson
1335:in 1979, which
1320:
1314:
1305:
1272:
1267:
1170:
1150:
1138:exit counseling
1110:social sciences
1105:in each place.
1090:countermovement
1082:
1035:
1005:Religion portal
999:
998:
997:
863:Catholic Church
815:
805:
804:
609:North Macedonia
574:Northern Cyprus
381:Northern Cyprus
160:
150:
149:
148:
124:
123:
114:Confessionalism
58:
41:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6567:
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6392:Bounded Choice
6388:
6385:Another Gospel
6381:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6306:Anti-Mormonism
6303:
6297:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6250:Georges Fenech
6247:
6242:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6195:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6173:Paul R. Martin
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6143:Norman Geisler
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6108:Harold Busséll
6105:
6100:
6098:Graham Baldwin
6095:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Reachout Trust
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6013:
6011:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5936:Saul V. Levine
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5891:Leon Festinger
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5803:Secular groups
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5708:
5702:
5701:
5690:
5679:
5672:
5657:
5639:
5627:
5618:
5608:
5598:
5582:
5572:
5558:
5547:
5533:
5526:Kelly, Aidan A
5523:
5513:
5506:
5495:
5486:
5465:
5451:
5424:
5411:Atrocity Tales
5407:
5396:
5374:
5370:Social Compass
5365:
5363:978-0422796408
5348:
5337:
5328:Barker, Eileen
5325:
5314:
5301:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5258:(2): 171–183.
5236:
5206:
5178:
5155:
5132:
5106:
5093:
5058:
5041:
5015:
4983:
4954:
4929:
4902:
4897:Social Compass
4887:
4870:
4846:
4827:
4820:
4789:
4754:
4737:
4718:
4700:
4678:
4654:
4649:Social Compass
4636:
4616:
4600:
4566:
4555:James R. Lewis
4547:
4534:
4524:Thomas Robbins
4516:
4490:
4477:
4450:
4424:
4413:. 15 July 2022
4398:
4364:
4325:
4294:
4263:
4238:
4211:
4198:
4186:www.mfa.gov.cn
4173:
4164:
4145:
4128:
4113:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4029:
4002:(2): 247–271.
3979:
3954:
3945:The Advertiser
3935:
3913:
3900:
3881:
3868:
3843:
3830:
3805:
3779:
3748:
3732:
3720:
3686:
3677:
3662:
3653:
3640:
3622:
3605:
3589:
3563:
3536:
3510:
3479:
3457:
3435:
3412:
3406:New York Times
3387:
3370:
3342:
3333:
3320:
3305:. p. 41.
3287:
3278:
3265:
3249:
3229:
3225:Ravi Zacharias
3212:
3195:
3179:
3161:Richard Abanes
3153:
3136:
3105:
3089:
3076:
3040:
3003:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2911:
2895:
2883:
2852:(3): 337–352.
2830:
2814:
2794:
2763:(3): 339–354.
2741:
2734:
2713:
2700:
2682:
2662:
2649:
2645:AltaMira Press
2628:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2527:
2487:
2484:
2456:Newton Maloney
2444:Thomas Robbins
2440:Anson D. Shupe
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2364:
2353:
2342:
2339:
2328:
2325:
2322:former members
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2147:
2144:
2062:
2059:
1998:
1995:
1990:The Advertiser
1977:exit counselor
1927:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1906:Czech Republic
1895:
1894:Czech Republic
1892:
1875:
1872:
1841:European Union
1833:John G. Foster
1821:East Grinstead
1787:Reachout Trust
1758:Reachout Trust
1745:
1744:United Kingdom
1742:
1668:
1665:
1636:European Union
1631:
1628:
1585:Scientologists
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1487:
1484:
1392:. He mentions
1352:Main article:
1349:
1346:
1332:atrocity tales
1313:
1312:Former members
1310:
1304:
1301:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1081:
1078:
1045:, abbreviated
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
993:Zoroastrianism
990:
985:
980:
979:
978:
968:
967:
966:
961:
956:
946:
945:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
909:
899:
894:
893:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
866:
865:
855:
854:
853:
838:
833:
828:
823:
817:
816:
811:
810:
807:
806:
801:
800:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
770:
769:
765:
764:
763:
762:
754:
753:
747:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
666:
665:
659:
658:
657:
656:
654:United Kingdom
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
518:
517:
511:
510:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
330:
329:
323:
322:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
277:
276:
266:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
170:
169:
161:
156:
155:
152:
151:
147:
146:
141:
136:
131:
129:State religion
125:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
51:
31:Counterculture
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6607:
6596:
6595:Witch hunting
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6548:
6547:
6543:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6445:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6417:
6415:
6414:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6386:
6382:
6380:
6379:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6286:
6285:Nick Xenophon
6283:
6281:
6280:Tom Sackville
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6260:Stephen Mutch
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6240:Nicolas About
6238:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6148:Jan Groenveld
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6138:Robin Garbose
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6128:Ronald Enroth
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Maurice Davis
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5971:Chris Shelton
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5901:Steven Hassan
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5886:Martin Faiers
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5769:Doomsday cult
5767:
5765:
5764:Deprogramming
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5736:
5729:
5724:
5722:
5717:
5715:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5665:Arlington, TX
5662:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5536:Lalich, Janja
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:. London and
5476:
5475:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5439:
5438:Deprogramming
5435:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5382:Marc Galanter
5379:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5278:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5221:
5217:
5210:
5207:
5195:
5194:
5193:Seattle Times
5189:
5182:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5133:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5097:
5094:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4997:Aum Shinrikyō
4992:
4987:
4984:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4925:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4911:Pseudoscience
4906:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4882:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4783:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4752:: Sage, 1980.
4751:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4575:Anthony, Dick
4570:
4567:
4563:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4517:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4454:
4451:
4439:
4435:
4428:
4425:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4326:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4264:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3806:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3564:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3511:
3498:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3247:: Word, 1990.
3246:
3242:
3238:
3237:Ronald Enroth
3233:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:Santa Ana, CA
3146:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3124:Bethany House
3121:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:Barrytown, NY
3069:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3057:Deprogramming
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3030:Press, 2003.
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2690:Eileen Barker
2686:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2507:deprogramming
2504:
2497:
2493:
2492:Deprogramming
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:Marc Galanter
2469:
2465:
2462:, John Hall,
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:Eileen Barker
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2415:Aum Shinrikyo
2412:
2411:Robert Lifton
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2336:deprogramming
2334:and coercive
2333:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2311:Heaven's Gate
2308:
2307:Aum Shinrikyo
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2271:Controversies
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2206:, attacked a
2205:
2202:, a Japanese
2201:
2200:Aum Shinrikyo
2196:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2157:
2156:Aum Shinrikyo
2153:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:State Council
2129:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Nick Xenophon
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1940:Jan Groenveld
1937:
1936:Stephen Mutch
1933:
1932:Nick Xenophon
1925:
1923:
1920:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:Eileen Barker
1845:
1844:member states
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1736:" as well as
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:Jean Vernette
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:Cult Observer
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:United States
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1412:as examples.
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1382:Walter Martin
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:theologically
1369:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:deprogramming
1278:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1253:entrepreneurs
1250:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
910:
907:
903:
900:
898:
895:
891:
890:Protestantism
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
864:
861:
860:
859:
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
846:Christophobia
844:
843:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
809:
808:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
771:
766:
761:
758:
757:
756:
755:
752:
748:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
667:
664:
660:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
520:
519:
516:
512:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
332:
331:
328:
324:
319:
318:United States
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
279:
278:
275:
274:South America
271:
267:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
173:
172:
171:
168:
164:
159:
154:
153:
145:
144:Atheist state
142:
140:
137:
135:
134:Secular state
132:
130:
127:
126:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
104:School prayer
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
61:
54:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
32:
27:
19:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6455:Deadly Cults
6453:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6370:Publications
6245:Serge Blisko
6113:Gérard Dagon
5991:Cyril Vosper
5986:Alain Vivien
5951:Sayuri Ogawa
5941:Casey McCann
5926:Janja Lalich
5881:Steve Eichel
5789:Mind control
5748:
5693:
5682:
5675:
5660:
5646:
5643:Dick Anthony
5633:
5621:
5614:
5604:
5585:
5578:
5550:
5539:
5529:
5519:
5509:
5502:
5499:Bryan Wilson
5489:
5479:Westport, CT
5471:
5457:
5434:Brainwashing
5431:
5418:
5404:Beacon Press
5399:
5380:, edited by
5377:
5368:
5354:
5340:
5331:
5317:
5308:
5295:
5275:
5255:
5249:
5239:
5230:
5223:. Retrieved
5219:
5209:
5197:. Retrieved
5191:
5181:
5141:
5135:
5123:. Retrieved
5119:
5109:
5101:
5096:
5084:. Retrieved
5080:the original
5071:
5061:
5053:
5044:
5026:
5018:
4994:
4986:
4974:. Retrieved
4970:
4965:(May 1997).
4957:
4948:
4942:
4932:
4922:
4905:
4895:
4890:
4878:
4873:
4857:
4839:
4830:
4806:
4792:
4762:
4757:
4745:
4740:
4730:
4721:
4711:
4703:
4693:
4662:
4657:
4647:
4639:
4624:
4619:
4608:
4603:
4591:. Retrieved
4586:
4582:
4569:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4537:
4527:
4519:
4507:. Retrieved
4503:
4493:
4485:
4480:
4469:, retrieved
4463:
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4437:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4410:
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4377:
4367:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4311:
4307:
4297:
4284:
4254:. Retrieved
4250:
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4223:
4214:
4206:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:
4176:
4167:
4157:
4148:
4136:
4131:
4121:
4116:
4102:(174): 508.
4097:
4093:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4049:. Retrieved
4047:(in Russian)
4042:
4032:
3999:
3995:
3970:. Retrieved
3966:
3957:
3943:
3938:
3924:
3908:
3903:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3859:. Retrieved
3855:
3846:
3838:
3833:
3821:. Retrieved
3817:
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:the original
3782:
3770:. Retrieved
3766:the original
3743:
3695:Foster, John
3689:
3680:
3670:
3665:
3656:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3630:Casey McCann
3625:
3616:, edited by
3613:
3608:
3600:
3580:. Retrieved
3577:The Guardian
3576:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:France Inter
3549:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:the original
3470:. Retrieved
3460:
3449:the original
3422:
3415:
3404:
3382:
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3355:
3345:
3336:
3328:
3327:Chryssides,
3323:
3300:
3290:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3240:
3232:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3198:
3193:: IVP, 2003.
3187:
3182:
3164:
3156:
3144:
3139:
3126:, 2003. 18.
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3066:, edited by
3060:
3043:
3023:
3014:, edited by
3011:
3006:
2998:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2953:
2948:
2931:
2927:
2906:
2886:
2849:
2843:
2833:
2825:
2797:
2760:
2754:
2744:
2725:
2716:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2636:
2631:
2626:, 2005. 177.
2620:Pasadena, CA
2611:
2606:
2593:Brainwashing
2575:
2548:
2532:
2511:Human-rights
2499:
2448:Dick Anthony
2429:
2422:
2391:
2315:
2303:Solar Temple
2279:
2261:shūkyō nisei
2250:
2227:
2197:
2163:
2121:
2078:
2010:
1988:
1974:
1943:
1915:
1908:since 1993.
1897:
1877:
1825:work permits
1817:student visa
1813:Commonwealth
1803:
1777:founded the
1761:
1730:human rights
1684:
1662:
1654:
1633:
1593:deprogrammer
1566:
1560:
1538:
1499:
1495:
1465:
1414:
1388:accepted by
1375:
1357:
1331:
1321:
1306:
1273:
1246:
1236:
1220:mind control
1213:
1179:
1171:
1151:
1143:
1118:
1107:
1083:
1073:
1059:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:
970:
959:Anti-Judaism
954:Antisemitism
942:Islamophobia
841:Christianity
831:Baháʼí Faith
727:Saudi Arabia
496:Turkmenistan
251:South Africa
196:Burkina Faso
42:
26:
6255:Ford Greene
5981:Eito Suzuki
5956:Ted Patrick
5921:Masaki Kito
5911:Galen Kelly
5906:Ian Haworth
5225:10 February
5037:Jossey-Bass
4765:London and
4560:Scientology
4345:(1): 1–28.
3552:(in French)
3177:, 1997. 33.
3147:, rev. ed.
3070:, 179–215.
2670:Anson Shupe
2523:Ted Patrick
2476:Saul Levine
2219: [
2124:Zhongnanhai
2038:Pagan cults
2025:Protestants
1958:independent
1956:. In 2010,
1946:Scientology
1775:Ian Haworth
1762:In the UK,
1596:Ted Patrick
1577:Jason Scott
1527:Ted Patrick
1323:Anson Shupe
1295:(today the
1277:Ted Patrick
1158:theological
1128:evangelical
1070:theological
983:Neopaganism
906:Hinduphobia
858:Catholicism
663:Middle East
466:South Korea
451:Philippines
441:North Korea
336:Afghanistan
6569:Categories
6361:Waco siege
6199:610 Office
6168:Bob Larson
6163:Roger Ikor
6133:Mike Garde
5655:0684188619
5596:0393313212
5402:. Boston:
5394:0890422125
5343:. London:
5165:2002100348
5156:156432270X
5009:New York:
4779:0765803232
4708:Roy Wallis
4589:(1): 73–89
4471:21 January
3963:"About Us"
3712:MH 153/606
3331:, 346–347.
3204:Missiology
3132:0764228218
3036:8772887486
2928:ICSA Today
2735:0815314280
2618:. Vol. 2.
2599:References
2535:Falun Gong
2394:conversion
2377:generally.
2257:Shinzo Abe
2150:See also:
2113:"xié jiào"
2085:Falun Gong
2001:See also:
1970:tax-exempt
1968:and their
1930:See also:
1831:headed by
1748:See also:
1671:See also:
1616:kidnapping
1608:conspiracy
1600:kidnapping
1581:bankrupted
1525:See also:
1480:evangelize
1472:apologetic
1468:missionary
1459:, and the
1316:See also:
1289:grassroots
1126:Christian
1116:) groups.
897:Falun Gong
604:Montenegro
544:Azerbaijan
501:Uzbekistan
481:Tajikistan
406:Kazakhstan
351:Bangladesh
346:Azerbaijan
241:Mauritania
211:Cape Verde
89:Secularism
6275:Paul Rose
6219:MIVILUDES
5966:Rick Ross
5555:Routledge
5462:Continuum
5322:Routledge
5199:2 January
5125:2 January
5005:Terrorism
4976:2 January
4786:22732556M
4727:Jonestown
4674:Routledge
4670:Approach.
4628:Cambridge
4593:2 January
4509:2 January
4386:0362-4331
4351:0304-1042
4318:2 January
4051:2 January
4016:0021-969X
3708:, London.
3582:12 August
3556:14 August
3529:14 August
3445:1438-955X
3363:2 January
3311:0362-4331
3049:Apostates
2874:144906772
2866:1353-7903
2785:145477103
2777:1353-7903
2346:free will
2295:Jonestown
2228:In 1989,
2198:In 1995,
2187:free will
2105:drownings
1926:Australia
1767:Paul Rose
1699:MIVILUDES
1677:MIVILUDES
1425:salvation
1421:Christian
1368:orthodoxy
1360:heretical
1237:Apostates
1195:metaphors
1114:Christian
1094:apostates
1088:"). This
1064:, oppose
988:Rastafari
927:Ahmadiyya
870:Mormonism
760:Australia
634:Slovakia
471:Sri Lanka
461:Singapore
396:Indonesia
119:Theocracy
5742:Concepts
5696:Oxford:
5388:, 1989.
5173:49045959
5149:. 2002.
5050:Paradigm
4951:(10): 5.
4773:, 2006.
4577:(1981).
4359:41495887
4108:20059006
4024:23921284
3950:Adelaide
3856:SBS News
3472:10 April
3315:Archived
2940:Archived
2878:Archived
2806:Archived
2789:Archived
2554:See also
2501:certain
2242:Yokohama
2238:UTC+9:00
2019:and the
1960:Senator
1948:and the
1791:Catalyst
1650:umbrella
1565:and the
1193:Prefers
902:Hinduism
836:Buddhism
639:Slovenia
559:Bulgaria
486:Thailand
446:Pakistan
426:Mongolia
421:Maldives
416:Malaysia
366:Cambodia
313:Paraguay
293:Colombia
261:Tanzania
231:DR Congo
206:Cameroon
191:Botswana
57:Concepts
5700:, 1994.
5689:, 1984.
5687:Garland
5671:, 1985.
5557:, 2018.
5546:, 2004.
5528:., ed.
5501:, eds.
5485:, 2003.
5483:Praeger
5464:, 1999.
5450:, 1983.
5430:, eds.
5406:, 1981.
5347:, 1989.
5324:, 2006.
5272:3711011
5039:, 2003.
5013:, 1999.
4868:, 1983.
4676:, 2021.
4634:, 2002.
4443:15 July
4417:15 July
4411:AP NEWS
4391:15 July
4314:: 32–48
4256:15 July
4231:15 July
4191:10 July
3972:26 July
3877:The Age
3861:26 July
3823:9 April
3798:9 April
3772:9 April
3672:Society
3503:9 April
2647:, 1998.
2539:Calgary
2109:murders
2097:hanging
2093:suicide
2034:Islamic
1912:Finland
1874:Austria
1634:In the
1461:Rapture
1429:Trinity
1251:A few "
1160:issues.
1080:Concept
949:Judaism
932:Alevism
904: (
826:Atheism
768:Topical
751:Oceania
707:Lebanon
672:Bahrain
649:Ukraine
619:Romania
594:Hungary
589:Germany
584:Georgia
564:Croatia
554:Belgium
549:Belarus
539:Austria
534:Armenia
529:Andorra
524:Albania
506:Vietnam
431:Myanmar
386:Georgia
341:Armenia
298:Ecuador
246:Morocco
226:Comoros
201:Burundi
176:Algeria
64:Laicism
5779:Heresy
5653:
5594:
5520:Syzygy
5413:, the
5392:
5361:
5270:
5171:
5163:
5153:
5086:29 May
4881:Moonie
4818:
4784:
4777:
4557:, ed.
4504:Scribd
4384:
4357:
4349:
4225:CESNUR
4106:
4022:
4014:
3443:
3433:
3381:(PDF)
3309:
3239:, ed.
3130:
3059:." In
3034:
2872:
2864:
2783:
2775:
2732:
2572:(1995)
2297:, the
2158:, and
2081:qigong
2073:, and
2013:Russia
1997:Russia
1938:, and
1797:, and
1756:, and
1711:Bishop
1679:, and
1667:France
1640:FECRIS
1638:, the
1630:Europe
1575:named
1533:, and
1508:, and
1455:, the
1451:, the
1447:, the
1443:, the
1439:, the
1427:, the
1408:, and
1400:, the
1098:Jewish
702:Kuwait
697:Jordan
692:Israel
644:Turkey
629:Serbia
624:Russia
614:Norway
579:France
569:Cyprus
515:Europe
491:Turkey
476:Taiwan
456:Russia
376:Cyprus
361:Brunei
356:Bhutan
308:Panama
303:Guyana
288:Canada
283:Brazil
181:Angola
167:Africa
5268:JSTOR
4355:JSTOR
4281:(PDF)
4104:JSTOR
4020:JSTOR
3702:(PDF)
3452:(PDF)
3427:(PDF)
2934:(1).
2870:S2CID
2781:S2CID
2582:QAnon
2398:cults
2223:]
2146:Japan
2061:China
1695:Cults
1506:sects
1502:cults
1476:Bible
1433:Jesus
1417:Bible
1410:Unity
1386:Bible
1086:cults
1074:cults
1055:cults
937:Sufis
922:Shi'a
917:Sunni
912:Islam
742:Yemen
732:Syria
722:Qatar
677:Egypt
599:Italy
436:Nepal
401:Japan
391:India
371:China
270:North
256:Sudan
236:Egypt
186:Benin
5759:Cult
5651:ISBN
5592:ISBN
5432:The
5390:ISBN
5359:ISBN
5227:2023
5201:2023
5169:OCLC
5161:LCCN
5151:ISBN
5127:2023
5088:2022
4978:2023
4913:and
4816:ISBN
4775:ISBN
4666:: A
4612:Sage
4595:2023
4511:2023
4473:2023
4445:2022
4419:2022
4393:2022
4382:ISSN
4347:ISSN
4320:2023
4258:2022
4233:2022
4193:2022
4053:2023
4012:ISSN
3974:2022
3863:2022
3825:2023
3800:2023
3774:2023
3584:2022
3558:2022
3531:2022
3505:2023
3474:2023
3441:ISSN
3431:ISBN
3365:2023
3307:ISSN
3128:ISBN
3051:and
3032:ISBN
3018:and
2862:ISSN
2773:ISSN
2730:ISBN
2672:and
2517:and
2515:ACLU
2494:and
2438:and
2359:and
2348:and
2309:and
2182:US$
2130:and
2005:and
1983:and
1771:FAIR
1732:and
1624:US$
1614:and
1602:and
1041:The
712:Oman
687:Iraq
682:Iran
411:Laos
327:Asia
272:and
221:Chad
5307:."
5260:doi
4921:."
4838:."
4729:."
4692:."
4096:".
4004:doi
3714:. (
3357:CNN
2854:doi
2765:doi
2478:of
2402:CIA
2267:).
2234:JST
2212:NRM
2178:yen
2095:by
2057:."
2011:In
1504:,"
1470:or
1068:on
1047:ACM
737:UAE
6571::
5663:.
5613:.
5538:.
5481::
5470:.
5456:.
5446::
5353:.
5330:.
5274:.
5266:.
5256:49
5254:.
5229:.
5218:.
5190:.
5167:.
5159:.
5118:.
5074:.
5070:.
5035::
5025:.
4999:,
4993:.
4969:.
4949:33
4947:.
4941:.
4864::
4849:^
4814:.
4810:.
4800:;
4782:OL
4769::
4681:^
4630::
4585:.
4581:.
4502:.
4462:,
4436:.
4409:.
4380:.
4376:.
4353:.
4343:39
4341:.
4337:.
4312:21
4310:.
4306:.
4287:.
4283:.
4266:^
4249:.
4222:.
4184:.
4018:.
4010:.
4000:42
3998:.
3994:.
3982:^
3965:.
3916:^
3854:.
3816:.
3751:^
3735:^
3723:^
3704:.
3592:^
3575:.
3548:.
3522:.
3482:^
3439:.
3403:.
3390:^
3354:.
3313:.
3299:.
3243:,
3173::
3163:.
3115:.
3099:.
3022:.
2987:^
2938:.
2932:10
2930:.
2926:.
2914:^
2898:^
2876:.
2868:.
2860:.
2850:19
2848:.
2842:.
2817:^
2787:.
2779:.
2771:.
2761:17
2759:.
2753:.
2643::
2622::
2541:.
2474:,
2470:,
2458:,
2454:,
2450:,
2446:,
2313:.
2305:,
2301:,
2221:ja
2154:,
2117:邪教
2103:,
2099:,
2069:,
2049:,
1987:;
1934:,
1870:.
1793:,
1789:,
1785:,
1764:MP
1752:,
1675:,
1610:,
1529:,
1463:.
1431:,
1404:,
1396:,
1344:.
1325:,
5727:e
5720:t
5713:v
5436:/
5262::
5203:.
5175:.
5129:.
5090:.
5007:.
4980:.
4824:.
4597:.
4587:9
4562:.
4513:.
4447:.
4421:.
4395:.
4361:.
4322:.
4291:.
4260:.
4235:.
4195:.
4110:.
4055:.
4026:.
4006::
3976:.
3948:(
3929:(
3894:(
3865:.
3827:.
3802:.
3776:.
3718:)
3586:.
3560:.
3533:.
3507:.
3476:.
3367:.
3134:.
3120:.
3038:.
2856::
2812:.
2767::
2738:.
2363:.
2352:.
2338:.
2324:.
2263:(
2236:(
2180:(
2115:(
1642:(
1140:.
1030:e
1023:t
1016:v
908:)
40:.
33:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.