232:, many Australians felt a sense of shame about being descended from convicts, and many did not even attempt to investigate their families' origins for fear of finding convicts in their lineage. In recent decades community attitudes have changed, and many Australians with convict ancestors are now more comfortable investigating and discussing their past, wearing their forebears' status almost as a badge of pride. Colloquially, attempts by non-Australians to negatively connote convict pasts are laughed off by Australians, who are now more inclined to associate criminal forebears as evidence for the possession of more positively perceived Australian attributes such as
94:." Thus no matter how original he may be, he is branded, at the very start, as a plagiarist, and by his own country, which thinks, no doubt, that it is paying him a compliment and encouraging him, while it is really doing him a cruel and an almost irreparable injury. But mark! As soon as the Southern writer goes "home" and gets some recognition in England, he is "So-and-So, the well-known Australian author whose work has attracted so much attention in London lately"; and we first hear of him by cable, even though he might have been writing at his best for ten years in Australia.
338:, literature, visual art and theatre, have had to struggle to some extent against a perception among Canadian audiences that Canadian works in those fields were less important or worthy than American or British works. The specific phrase "cultural cringe" is not widely used to label the phenomenon in Canada, although it has been used in isolated instances; more typically, Canadian cultural commentators speak of a "Canadian inferiority complex" or label specific instances of the phenomenon with satirical terms such as "
477:
It has been argued that the most common manifestation of this alienation among peoples from post-colonial nations at present is an appetite for all things
American, from television and music, to clothing, slang, even names. However, the popularity of American culture across both formerly colonized and colonizer countries possibly negate this argument. Culturally alienated individuals will also exhibit little knowledge or interest in the history of their host society, placing no real value on such matters.
176:, the Australian academic Leonard John Hume examined the idea of cultural cringe as an oversimplification of the complexities of Australian history and culture. His controversial essay argues that "The cultural cringe ... did not exist, but it was needed, and so it was invented." A manifestation of Australian cultural cringe can be expressed in the almost obsessive curiosity of Australians in wanting to know what foreigners think of Australia and its culture.
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116:. It explored ingrained feelings of inferiority that local intellectuals struggled against, and which were most clearly pronounced in the Australian theatre, music, art and letters. The implications of these insights potentially applied to all former colonial nations, and the essay is now recognised as a cornerstone in the development of
472:, the process of devaluing or abandoning one's own culture or cultural background. A person who is culturally alienated places little value on their own or host culture, and instead hungers for that of a – sometimes imposed – colonising nation. The post-colonial theorists Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths and
476:
link alienation with a sense of dislocation or displacement some peoples (especially those from immigrant cultures) will feel when they look to a distant nation for their values. Culturally alienated societies often exhibit a weak sense of cultural self-identity and place little worth on themselves.
132:
As Lawson continued in his 1894 preface: "The same paltry spirit tried to dispose of the greatest of modern short-story writers as 'The
Californian Dickens', but America wasn't built that way – neither was Bret Harte!" The cultural cringe of Australians and the cultural swagger of Americans reflects
137:
has been the only field in which ordinary people accepted that their nation was able to perform and excel internationally. Indeed, while they prided themselves on the qualities of locally produced athletes and sportsmen, whom they invariably considered first rate, Australians behaved as if in more
488:
to interpret the cultural cringe as the belief that one's own country occupies a "subordinate cultural place on the periphery" and that "intellectual standards are set and innovations occur elsewhere." As a consequence, a person who holds this belief is inclined to devalue their own country's
120:
in
Australia. In essence, Phillips pointed out that the public widely assumed that anything produced by local dramatists, actors, musicians, artists and writers was necessarily deficient when compared to the works of their European and American counterparts. In the words of the poet
179:
Some commentators claim the cultural cringe particularly affects local television programming in
Australia, which is heavily influenced by imported shows, mainly of American and British origin. The Federal government has legislated to keep a quota of Australian content.
199:. Modernism was promoted to many Australians as casting off imperial Europe to rebuild a new independent identity, and the existing pre-war architecture, which was a feature of Australian cities, was denigrated. This resulted in many calls to demolish the
159:
It has been posited that
Australia's "distinct ambivalence" towards its own history, coupled with a desire to rid the country of its "convict stain", resulted in historical figures such as star cricketer and Australian rules football founder
129:), Australia was being made to rhyme with failure. The only ways local arts professionals could build themselves up in public esteem was either to follow overseas fashions, or, more often, to spend a period of time working in Britain.
412:
accent is said to have been influenced by a cultural cringe since the 1900s but it too is lessening in recent years. It appears that the attitude has lessened markedly in the 2000s following the success of the award-winning
492:
A more sophisticated approach to the issues raised by the cultural cringe, as felt by artistic practitioners in former colonies around the world, was developed and advanced by the
Australian art historian
429:
in the United States from 2007 to 2009, furthered
American and international awareness of New Zealand (while ironically using cultural cringe as a frequent plot device), as have motion pictures such as
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2261:
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deep contrasts between the
American and the Australian experiences of extricating themselves from English apron-strings. Dealing specifically with Australia, Phillips pointed out that
1062:
47:
deployed against intellectuals, scientists, and artists native to a colonized country or a former colony. Moreover, at the personal level, cultural cringe also is manifested as
78:
hearing," is only accepted as an imitator of some recognized
English or American author; and, as soon as he shows signs of coming to the front, he is labelled "The Australian
334:
Many cultural commentators in Canada have suggested that a similar process also operates in that country. Nearly all
Canadian cultural industries, including music, film,
326:
in the 1950s. The term is often evoked to criticize some attitude by any Brazilian toward a foreign culture or politics deemed as submissive and self-dismissive.
215:
status. This reaction against the cultural cringe continues in some fields such as architecture, where local architects are shunned for using introduced styles.
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Some argue that a form of cultural cringe resulted in anti-heritage attitudes which led to the demolition of many world class pre-war buildings in
826:
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intellectual pursuits the nation generated only second-rate talent. Some commentators believe that cultural cringe contributes to the perceived
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movie trilogy which showcased much New Zealand scenery and film-making talent and boosted international awareness of New Zealand. The TV show
110:, and defined in an influential and highly controversial 1950 essay of the same name published in the Summer 1950 edition of literary journal
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granted the building Royal status that Australians began to recognise its value. The building became the first in Australia to be given
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384:) is used of Dominicans who express negative attitudes towards their homeland after travelling overseas. The term originates from
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The term cultural cringe is most commonly used in Australia, where it is believed by some to be a widely accepted facet of
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when compared to the cultures of other countries. In anthropology, cultural cringe is related to the concept of the
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cultural, academic and artistic life, and to venerate the "superior" culture of another (colonising) country.
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New Zealanders are said to suffer from a cultural cringe, which has been wearing off in recent years. The
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Prior to the 1970s, Canadian radio stations gave almost no airtime to Canadian music, and apart from
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Once an Australian: Journeys with Barry Humphries, Clive James, Germaine Greer and Robert Hughes
228:
is another manifestation of cultural cringe. For several generations following the cessation of
195:(Australia's three largest cities at the time), destroying some of the world's best examples of
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322:") denotes the same as cultural cringe. It has been attributed to playwright and journalist
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contracts going to large foreign multinationals, rather than domestic IT companies.
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Colin Rodrick (ed.) Henry Lawson, Autobiographical and Other Writings 1887–1922 (
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When London Calls: The Expatriation of Australian Creative Artists to Britain
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1892:
1282:
1081:"Beyond the 'cringe': These Canadian artists have achieved global stature".
824:
Cultural Cringe: Cultural Inferiority Complex and Republicanism in Australia
527:
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It has also been claimed that cultural cringe has led to federal government
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1279:
The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures
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The Empire Writes Back: Theory & Practice in Post-Colonial Studies
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The issue of cultural alienation has led the Australian sociologists
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184:
75:
1049:
Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Late Night Live. 8 April 2008
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426:
243:
1328:
The Australian Tradition : Studies in Colonial Culture
972:
Blow S – The Marketing of modernism in Melbourne, 1950–1970
351:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
1333:
43:(belief of inferiority), and usually is manifested in the
1217:
Ashcroft, Bill; Gareth Griffiths; Helen Tiffin (1989).
1212:
1210:
1208:
1202:, BBC News, 28 February 2004. Retrieved 10 June 2006.
910:
Cultural Cringe Keeps our History out of the Picture
396:
people who was regarded as overly welcoming towards
35:
where people dismiss their own culture as inferior (
2299:
2219:
1976:
1716:
1579:
1436:
1385:
1177:Kiwitalk: Sociolinguistics and New Zealand Society
31:is an expression used to refer to an internalized
16:Feeling of inferiority of one's culture to another
983:Who will save Melbourne from the wrecker's ball?
801:(2009). "Foreword". In Russell H. T., Stephens.
1306:(September 1974). "The Provincialism Problem".
839:. 31 December 1995. Retrieved 5 September 2006.
142:that has underpinned public life in Australia.
72:
1134:"Complejo de Guacanagarix y selecciĂłn adversa"
847:
845:
468:The cultural cringe is tightly connected with
1349:
1010:. 29 January 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
933:Australian Communications and Media Authority
8:
918:. 19 August 2004. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
278:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1356:
1342:
1334:
991:. 15 March 2004. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
888:"Getting over Australia's Cultural Cringe"
497:in his essay "The Provincialism Problem".
1077:
1075:
1069:", The Knoll. Retrieved 5 September 2006.
721:. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
357:requirements for radio and broadcasters.
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:The term "cultural cringe" was coined in
963:. 9 July 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
74:The Australian writer, until he gets a "
640:
866:: The Centre for Independent Studies.
748:. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
7:
2651:
2252:Role of Christianity in civilization
1132:Frank Fuentes Brito (21 June 2021).
276:adding citations to reliable sources
2663:
1200:"I want to end the Scottish cringe"
1004:". Interview with Leon van Schaik.
929:"Australian content in TV programs"
855:Another Look at the Cultural Cringe
770:"Anti-Intellectualism in Australia"
464:Connection with cultural alienation
174:Another Look at the Cultural Cringe
102:after the Second World War by the
14:
1157:. NZ On Air. 2000. Archived from
2662:
2650:
2639:
2638:
1373:
776:. 5 October 2000. Archived from
248:
203:, labelled the derogatory term "
68:Short Stories in Prose and Verse
2464:Culture and positive psychology
1374:
90:," and lately, "The Australian
1903:High- and low-context cultures
1223:. London: Routledge. pp.
805:. Playright Publishing. p. i.
106:critic and social commentator
1:
1122:(address to The Empire Club).
2469:Culture and social cognition
1454:Cross-cultural communication
1024:. Crn.com.au. Archived from
1020:Lilia Guan (4 August 2006).
66:wrote in his preface to his
2551:Intercultural communication
1330:, Melbourne, Cheshire, 1958
852:Hume, Leonard John (1993).
623:World famous in New Zealand
2721:
1994:Cross cultural sensitivity
1661:Resistance through culture
1022:"An unlevel playing field"
1002:Kicking against the bricks
890:. Abc.net.au. 10 July 2007
433:The World's Fastest Indian
392:(tribal chieftain) of the
164:being virtually forgotten.
2634:
2606:Transformation of culture
2039:Cultural environmentalism
1469:Cross-cultural psychology
1464:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1459:Cross-cultural leadership
1371:
1152:"Annual Report 1999/2000"
201:Royal Exhibition Building
2566:Living things in culture
2556:Intercultural competence
2459:Culture and menstruation
1958:Trans-cultural diffusion
1275:"Place and displacement"
1118:13 November 2006 at the
1113:That Inferiority Complex
715:Alomes, Stephen (1999).
444:Scottish First Minister
400:and European explorers.
382:complejo de Guacanagarix
2377:Cultural homogenization
1607:Individualistic culture
1541:Popular culture studies
1526:Intercultural relations
1273:Ashcroft, Bill (1989).
1250:The Location of Culture
1060:An 'Un-American' Cinema
422:Flight of the Conchords
2312:Archaeological culture
2059:Cultural globalization
1928:Organizational culture
1776:Cultural communication
1734:Cultural appropriation
1521:Intercultural learning
1449:Cross-cultural studies
1000:Gabriella Coslovich. "
220:information technology
197:Victorian architecture
165:
96:
86:," or "The Australian
2581:Participatory culture
2372:Cultural evolutionism
2196:Multiracial democracy
2074:Cultural intelligence
2019:Cultural conservatism
2009:Cultural backwardness
1999:Cultural assimilation
1873:Cultural reproduction
1729:Cultural appreciation
1681:Far-right subcultures
1571:Transcultural nursing
1536:Philosophy of culture
1413:Cultural neuroscience
1393:Cultural anthropology
1252:. London: Routledge.
1248:Bhabha, Homi (1994).
1179:. Dunmore Press Ltd.
1175:Bayard, Donn (1995).
1164:on 27 September 2007.
1065:19 March 2007 at the
915:Sydney Morning Herald
742:Britain, Ian (1997).
662:"The Cultural Cringe"
649:Angus & Robertson
416:The Lord of the Rings
316:complexo de vira-lata
234:anti-authoritarianism
207:". It was not until
158:
2703:Culture of Australia
2576:Oppositional culture
2546:Emotions and culture
2454:Cultural sensibility
2444:Cultural translation
2382:Cultural institution
2362:Cultural determinism
2084:Cultural nationalism
2069:Cultural imperialism
2029:Cultural deprivation
1923:Non-material culture
1556:Sociology of culture
1551:Semiotics of culture
1225:9–10, 61, 104–5, 144
425:, which screened on
398:Christopher Columbus
371:Guacanagarix complex
272:improve this section
230:penal transportation
140:anti-intellectualism
123:Chris Wallace-Crabbe
118:post-colonial theory
59:In 1894, Australian
45:anti-intellectualism
2427:Culture speculation
2422:Cultural relativism
2352:Cultural competence
2242:Cultural Christians
2114:Cultural Revolution
2104:Cultural radicalism
2079:Cultural liberalism
2014:Cultural Bolshevism
1989:Consumer capitalism
1943:Relational mobility
1883:Cultural technology
1791:Cultural dissonance
1708:Culture by location
1671:Alternative culture
1587:Constructed culture
1566:Theology of culture
1506:Cultural psychology
1486:Cultural entomology
1102:, 16 February 2013.
955:Construction Sights
829:26 May 2009 at the
613:Tall poppy syndrome
470:cultural alienation
410:New Zealand English
82:," "The Australian
49:cultural alienation
33:inferiority complex
25:social anthropology
2586:Permission culture
2519:Disability culture
2499:Children's culture
2367:Cultural diversity
2327:Circuit of culture
2109:Cultural retention
2089:Cultural pessimism
2044:Cultural exception
2034:Cultural diplomacy
2024:Cultural contracts
1984:Colonial mentality
1913:Manuscript culture
1888:Cultural universal
1858:Cultural pluralism
1838:Cultural landscape
1833:Cultural invention
1801:Cultural framework
1703:Vernacular culture
1501:Cultural mediation
1481:Cultural economics
1476:Cultural analytics
1408:Cultural geography
1398:Cultural astronomy
1111:Merrill Dennison.
1099:The Globe and Mail
1087:, 27 January 2002.
822:Kenneth Minogue. "
688:"Expatriate Games"
651:, 1972) pp.108–109
367:Dominican Republic
361:Dominican Republic
209:Queen Elizabeth II
170:Australian culture
166:
41:colonial mentality
2685:
2684:
2514:Death and culture
2407:Cultural movement
2397:Cultural literacy
2257:Eastern Orthodoxy
2169:Dominator culture
2164:Deculturalization
2064:Cultural hegemony
2054:Cultural genocide
2049:Cultural feminism
1868:Cultural property
1863:Cultural practice
1848:Cultural leveling
1843:Cultural learning
1828:Cultural industry
1823:Cultural identity
1806:Cultural heritage
1796:Cultural emphasis
1781:Cultural conflict
1754:Cultural behavior
1744:Cultural artifact
1656:Primitive culture
1632:Political culture
1047:The convict stain
1028:on 3 October 2006
780:on 20 August 2007
668:. 5 December 1950
452:" in relation to
353:(CRTC) developed
308:
307:
300:
19:In the fields of
2710:
2698:Cultural studies
2666:
2665:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2531:Drinking culture
2484:Culture industry
2432:Cultural tourism
2412:Cultural mulatto
2387:Cultural jet lag
2322:Cannabis culture
2279:Cultural Muslims
2201:Pluriculturalism
2184:Multiculturalism
2174:Interculturalism
2149:Culture minister
2139:Cultural Zionism
2134:Cultural subsidy
2129:Cultural silence
2004:Cultural attaché
1963:Transculturation
1918:Material culture
1908:Interculturality
1764:Cultural capital
1749:Cultural baggage
1686:Youth subculture
1627:Official culture
1592:Dominant culture
1531:Internet culture
1496:Cultural mapping
1491:Cultural history
1418:Cultural studies
1403:Cultural ecology
1377:
1376:
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1096:"The advocate".
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935:. 1 January 2021
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568:Racial fetishism
379:
355:Canadian content
324:Nelson Rodrigues
303:
296:
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252:
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37:cringe-inducing)
21:cultural studies
2720:
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2707:
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2621:Western culture
2616:Welfare culture
2541:Eastern culture
2402:Cultural mosaic
2357:Cultural critic
2347:Cultural center
2295:
2269:Cultural Hindus
2215:
2206:Polyculturalism
2179:Monoculturalism
2154:Culture of fear
2124:Cultural safety
2119:Cultural rights
2099:Cultural racism
2094:Cultural policy
1972:
1878:Cultural system
1853:Cultural memory
1786:Cultural cringe
1712:
1644:Popular culture
1575:
1511:Cultural values
1432:
1381:
1367:
1362:
1326:A.A. Phillips,
1323:
1321:Further reading
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1120:Wayback Machine
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205:white elephant
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2591:Rape culture
2536:Drug culture
2524:Deaf culture
2509:Cyberculture
2479:Culture hero
2392:Cultural lag
2332:Civilization
2232:Christianity
1938:Protoculture
1785:
1622:Microculture
1602:High culture
1597:Folk culture
1546:Postcritique
1327:
1307:
1304:Smith, Terry
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1278:
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1195:
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937:. Retrieved
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778:the original
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691:
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665:
656:
643:
628:Xenocentrism
578:Plastic Brit
563:Outsider art
533:Law of Jante
491:
486:James Walter
479:
474:Helen Tiffin
469:
467:
443:
431:
420:
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386:GuacanagarĂx
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315:
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270:Please help
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131:
127:Peter Conrad
111:
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73:
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64:Henry Lawson
58:
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2669:WikiProject
2601:Tea culture
2504:Culturalism
2474:Culture gap
2437:Pop-culture
2237:Catholicism
2159:Culture war
1617:Low culture
1516:Culturomics
1423:Culturology
1032:16 November
894:16 November
672:9 September
598:Self-hatred
593:Primitivism
553:Orientalism
495:Terry Smith
448:claimed a "
404:New Zealand
374: [
369:, the term
340:beaver hour
125:(quoted by
2692:Categories
1666:Subculture
1444:Bioculture
1288:18 January
939:1 November
784:17 January
700:17 January
635:References
608:Shoneenism
548:Oikophobia
538:Malinchism
513:Cargo cult
508:Allophilia
482:Brian Head
380:(Spanish:
336:television
146:By country
88:Bret Harte
2494:Culturgen
2262:Mormonism
2220:Religions
1893:Cultureme
1811:Destroyed
1437:Subfields
1283:Routledge
803:Wills Way
528:Exoticism
259:does not
189:Melbourne
162:Tom Wills
151:Australia
104:Melbourne
100:Australia
61:bush poet
2645:Category
2227:Buddhism
1977:Politics
1386:Sciences
1312:: 54–59.
1309:Artforum
1138:EmpĂrica
1116:Archived
1063:Archived
827:Archived
558:Othering
523:Escapism
501:See also
454:Scotland
440:Scotland
193:Adelaide
2676:Changes
2657:Commons
2300:Related
2291:Sikhism
2286:Judaism
1717:Aspects
1379:Outline
1365:Culture
1007:The Age
988:the Age
960:The Age
693:The Age
666:Meanjin
515:(incl.
390:cazique
365:In the
280:removed
265:sources
113:Meanjin
92:Kipling
80:Southey
1676:Fandom
1256:
1231:
1183:
870:
860:Sydney
809:
752:
725:
618:Wigger
600:(e.g.
330:Canada
318:(the "
312:Brazil
240:Brazil
185:Sydney
76:London
55:Origin
2274:Islam
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1637:Civic
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