205:) of the nobility. He supported the imperial churches and their leading representatives in many ways, but also tied them intensively to imperial service. He is regarded as the founder of the Ottonian-Salian "imperial church system", which, however, should not be misunderstood to mean that the church was used as a compliant instrument for the monarchy and against the nobility. For this ruler of the tenth century, consensus-building was an indispensable prerequisite for governance. To do this, he had to integrate different groups and interests, reward outcomes and merits appropriately, and honor his loyal followers. Power politics and asserting one's own interests, on the other hand, were in essence not what was expected of a ruler at that time. From this perspective, many of the difficulties that Otto faced can be explained, like the temporary successes of his various opponents as well as the positive evaluations they received from many contemporaries. However, his contemporaries and posterity have always acknowledged that he went his own way unwaveringly and ultimately successfully. The nickname 'the Great' was already given to him by his contemporaries.
181:), consultations and assemblies were important for building consensus, although absolute consensus was not needed and consensus could also be enforced by might, but the monarches could not always coerce and likely had no desire to rule absolutely without consent. The consensus through which the monarch cooperated with the princes would become disturbed in the Salian period. This does not mean that Otto was not a strong-willed ruler or just a mediator. By contrast, as Laudage writes, even as a young ruler, Otto "consciously accomplished a break in continuity and set himself apart from his father by more strongly emphasizing his decision-making power and authority". Partly inheriting conflicts with the nobles from his father's reign, partly creating such conflicts himself by vigorously defending his rights to allocate offices and intervening in the nobility's power structure, in the end, he emerged victorious from those conflicts (the most serious came from his own family).
678:
to dismount from his horse and proceed on foot. He tied his horse off to a nearby tree and went on to pursue the deer for some time. In Ramm’s absence his horse became agitated and nervously pawed at the ground. In repeatedly doing so the horse unearthed a large nugget of metallic ore. Upon Ramm’s return he found the nugget, which he immediately took to his king. By the color and weight of the ore, King Otto could tell it was of great value. He called for his miners to be sent out to investigate. The miners found silver and other metals of such quality and in such quantity as had never before been seen in all of
Christendom. The Emperor was so pleased that he named the mountain Rammelsberg after Ramm, and he declared the stream that ran nearby the mines to be named after Ramm’s Wife, Gosa (Goslarer Museum 2017). The town that grew up around the stream was called Goslar and the beer that was brewed from the stream’s water was called Gose."
865:
248:
generally see his generalship in a positive light. Franke notes that the hallmark of his generalship was his ability to conduct multiple campaigns on multiple fronts in one year, although his rule began with minor defeat against the
Bohemians, and his Italian campaigns were not as successful as campaigns in the north. Up until Lechfeld, he faced repeated trouble in ensuring cooperation from the aristocrats with his chosen commanders. Kohler notes that he had an ability to turn weakness into strength, was cool and calm and knew how to inspire his troops in the face of difficulty, was merciful when dealing with internal rebels but totally ruthless to foreign opponents. The year of 955 was the foremost example. Facing enemies on two fronts, he was able to destroy the Hungarians before return to deal with the Slavs.
1458:
1072:
1259:
1086:
96:
1058:
983:
156:
210:
leaders a problematic term on its own.). In Becher's opinion, there were five areas Otto achieved lasting contributions to the Empire he ruled: "his work in combatting the rebellions directed against himself, his policy towards the West
Frankish Empire, his victory over the Hungarians on the Lechfeld, the mission to the areas up to the Oder and the imperial coronation". Becher emphasizes that, he did not complete these achievements alone: "Otto certainly always coordinated his actions with a group of advisers headed by his wives
793:
784:
303:
19:
280:
144:
Germany peace and security from foreign attack, and the preeminent position that he won as ruler gave him a sort of hegemony in Europe. His
Italian policy and the acquisition of the imperial crown constituted a link with the old Carolingian tradition and was to prove a great responsibility for the German people in the future. All areas under Otto’s rule prospered, and the resultant flowering of culture has been called the Ottonian renaissance.
1376:, 1726) with music attributed to Luigi Tavelli and text by Michel Angiolo Boccardi tells the following story: "After murdering the Eastern emperor, the tyrant Nicophoros Phocas worried that the widowed empress Nicaea would ascend to the throne. To smooth his own way to a higher post, he offered the hand of his daughter to the emperor Otto . He later regretted not having offered her instead to seal an alliance with the Persian king, Tigraes".
152:, Ernst DĂĽmmler, "the author of the most detailed description of Otto's government to date", described a "youthful upswing, a national trend went through the hearts of the people under Emperor Otto " Writing in 1926, Robert Holtzmann continued this sentiment, praising Otto as the ruler who "showed the way and goal of Medieval German history, and not only initiated the German imperial period, but truly dominated it for centuries to come."
223:
239:
officials, the vassals in response created their own ministeriales. But Otto made a good arrangement by incorporating the resources of the church system, that provided administrative skills and wealth. This arrangement worked until the Church's ambition to develop its own corporate structure clashed with the secular rulers. However, the decentralized nature of societies would foster democracy in the long run.
252:
Western Europe. on the back of a well-built administration system inherited from the
Carolingians and ultimately the Ancient Romans (and expanded by the Ottonian themselves), which was able to mobilize resources for very large armies (as shown by archaeological excavations) and successful conduct of operations. In combination with extensive diplomatic activities, this allowed the Ottonian rulers to succeed.
235:
tying the Church firmly to his government. The intervention in Italy tied the fates of
Germany and Italy. Later, German rulers, notably his grandson Otto III (who was considered more idealistic and less practical than his grandfather), would be criticized by nineteenth century historians for weakening Germany's own nationality in favour of the universal ideal and their role as protectors of Italy.
852:, most likely a portrayal of Otto I (together with two maiden flanking him), erected in 1240 and now in the Kulturhistorischen Museum Magdeburg (a famous copy stands at the Alten Markt) is Germany's oldest equestrian statue. As the founder of the city and the diocese, Otto has always had an important role in the city's culture of remembrance. Since 2010, the city has been called the
707:
636:
1306:, 1715) with Music attributed to Antonio Lotti and text by Antonio Maria Lucchini, dedicated to Karl, Landgrave of Hesse). The main story is about the historical Phocas, who murdered Maurice in 602 to control the Eastern Roman Empire and ruled until 610. But the account is tangled anachronistically with tales of Otto the Great, his son (Otto) and Honoria.
3467:
656:
in 1914 showed that the Holy Lance could not have been manufactured before the eighth century AD. At the Court Diet of Worms in 926, King Henry I acquired the Holy Lance from the
Burgundian King Rudolf II, who had received it in 922 from Count Samson along with the rulership of Italy, in exchange for
176:
and Otto I, royal or imperial rulership has been seen as a phenomenon that happened both above and in the conflicts between magnates. The princes were partners in policy formulating processes and the monarch's position could only develop gradually. This was by no means a continuous process with clear
234:
While he claimed the ideal of the universal empire that
Charlemagne once represented, traditional and modern historians have noted the practical aspect of his intervention in Italy, which on some level was a reaction to the Pope's interference with ecclesiastic princes in Germany, and his program of
192:
and notes that both reserve special focus for the role of "staged and symbolic actions, gestures and other non-verbal forms of communication"; both note that the rulers' politics were more improvised than planned (this also reflects on the nature of medieval politics in general): "It was not through
1047:
was introduced, replacing Henry – unlike the other two emperor, Otto is depicted in a serious, reverent manner. The bird on his shoulder is similar to the bird on Bianca's bonnet, seemingly a representation of the female power and influence on the throne (Otto has a reputation of working in harmony
677:
silver mine was found in 970: "Legend has it that during the rule of the Saxon
Emperor, Otto the Great, a hunting party, led by his most favored hunter Ramm, was tracking a deer through theforest in the foothills of the Harz mountains. "The terrain became steep and the forest thick, so Ramm decided
335:
Unlike his heirs, Otto only learned to read at age thirty. It was under his reign that
Ottonian architecture was first developed. Blending Mediterranean, Byzantine and Christian influence with Germanic elements, it was an innovative style reflecting the high regards the Ottonian architects had for
238:
Brian Downing opines that societies in Western Europe remained decentralized throughout the Middle Ages and Otto was no more successful than Charlemagne in ensuring aristocratic fealty in the long term. Although the Ottonians and their Salic and Hohenstaufen successors built their systems of local
73:
which was usually perceived during the nineteenth century has been questioned by more recent sources. Modern historians explore the emperor's capability as a consensus builder, as well as the participation of princes in contemporary politics and the important roles played by female actors (notably
251:
David Bachrach notes that Henry I (the Fowler) and Otto the Great achieved the remarkable feat of waging war across the whole of Europe, from the Oder to the Seine and from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic and Mediterranean, recreating Charlemagne's empire and establishing themselves as hegemons of
200:
Purposefulness, resoluteness and success characterize Otto's reign. Dealing with the conflicting interests of royalty, nobility and church, he defended the royal decision-making prerogatives against aristocratic interests, particularly during the early stages of his reign. However, he also showed
143:
Otto I’s achievement rests mainly on his consolidation of the Reich. He deliberately made use of the bishops to strengthen his rule and thus created that “Ottonian church system of the Reich” that was to provide a stable and long-lasting framework for Germany. By his victorious campaigns, he gave
661:
in 939, in which Otto I prevailed against opponents within the empire, and in the Battle of Lechfeld in 955, in which the Hungarians were finally defeated by King Otto I. However, work by scientists from the University of Vienna did not reveal any typical signs of battle on the tip of the lance.
209:
Becher opines that describing Otto as the great leader who found the German Empire or a pioneer of (Western) Europe against "the East" would be misleading, because Otto and his contemporaries did not think in such terms (Becher also considers the epithet "the Great" as usually applied to notable
3860:
The Story of the Greatest Nations: A Comprehensive History, Extending from the Earliest Times to the Present ... Including Chronological Summaries and Pronouncing Vocabularies for Each Nation; and the World's Famous Events, Told in a Series of Brief Sketches Forming a Single Continuous Story of
247:
Otto's military ability has been discussed quite frequently. Writing in 1982, Karl Leyser noted that there were dispute, but on the level of combining the military and the political in exploiting his victories. it was indisputable that his vision did not fall short of a Clausewitz. Recent works
1035:(Hohenzollern). The choices and manners of depicting the emperors were considered traditional. When the new fountain was unveiled on 30 October 1897, Bauer had died six months before. Later, the portraits were melted down during wartime. In 1993, new imperial portraits were made by
218:
and he continuously depended on the support of as many influential people as possible." Wozniak opines that Becher's work is a suitable introduction to Otto, that is not overloaded with too many details, but notes that the influence of female characters are not shown enough.
657:
the south-west corner of East Francia (the city of Basel). The legend soon grew that Henry I owed his victory over the dreaded Hungarian army in the Battle of Riade on the Unstrut in 933 solely to the use of the Holy Lance. The lance is also said to have been used at the
922:, depicting the battle of Lechfeld. Otto, wearing a winged helmet and riding a white horse, was trampling upon a bare-chested Hungarian. Harald Jakobs opines that the painting shows Otto's spirit controlling the wildness of the Magyars, represented by mad-looking horses.
748:(who, as Otto's vassal, probably converted to Christianity either because Otto forced him to do so or as a calculated move to gain the emperor's friendship). Reportedly, Otto chased away an invasion force led by Harald, driving them beyond the northernmost point of
741:. The chronology does not match though. The legend and the export of Ursuline relics reflected the tie between the city and the Anglo side, as well as the growing commercial and ecclesiastic relations between Köln and other European locales of the time.
339:
According to Ullmann, "The Saxon dynasty, established by Henry I in 919, during the reign of his son, Otto the Great (936–973), had rapidly become the leading European power, territorially, militarily, economically, and also to some extent culturally."
167:
In the recent decades, scholars had revised certain important concepts about medieval politics, not only concerning Germany but also Western and Central Europe in general. Beginning with Gerd Althoff and
962:
82:) and his advisors in his endeavors. Mentioned also is that Otto did have a strong character. In many cases, Otto chose his own way, which also led to rebellions. He often emerged victorious in the end.
905:
336:
mathematical sciences. There was no centre of cultural or literary patronage yet, but learning was encouraged and scholars and artists were summoned by the court from Italy or Constantinople.
1044:
864:
1627:
denn der junge Herrscher hat auch bewußt einen Kontinuitätsbruch vollzogen und sich durch stärkere Akzentuierung seiner Entscheidungsvollmacht und Autorität von seinem Vater absetzen
1603:
1588:
737:
by a Count Hoolfus, who was sent on behalf of Emperor Otto to ask for the hand of Edith. He was introduced to the tale of Saint Ursula and the Virgin Martyrs by the Canterbury Bishop
1583:
966:
686:
2031:
Drews, Wolfram; Flüchter, Antje; Dartmann, Christoph; Gengnagel, Jörg; Höfert, Almut; Kolditz, Sebastian; Oesterle, Jenny Rahel; Schilling, Ruth; Schwedler, Gerald (19 May 2015).
1593:
1608:
1598:
1578:
1071:
4806:
1573:
4518:
1457:
829:(used since 966) shows him holding the imperial orb, the cross scepter and wearing the imperial crown. Since Otto, the cross scepter became popular on imperial seals.
1408:, a "Cantata for solo and choral singing with piano accompaniment." The poetry is by H. Y. MĂĽller. The content is about Otto's reconciliation with his brother Henry.
4279:
4213:
573:
148:
In the nineteenth century, Otto the Great was often considered a leader who brought the Germans the first place among European people. In his and R. Köpke's 1876
832:
4074:
1996:
Schneidmüller, Bernd (2010). "Kaiser sein im spätmittelalterlichen Europa: Spielregeln zwischen Weltherrschaft und Gewöhnlichkeit". In Garnier, Claudia (ed.).
1554:
are planning various events, including exhibitions, educational programs and expert talks honouring Otto's last journey to his homeland, now in Saxony-Anhalt.
1997:
1057:
2909:
1258:
2672:
1763:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
1563:
4050:"Ottone I si mosse nel mese di settembre 951 per la via del Brennero. Lo seguiva un forte esercito e lo accompagnavano i fratelli Enrico e Brunone"
1085:
95:
1209:. Hrosvitha played special attention to the female characters in Otto's life and the partnership between male rulers and female consorts as well.
4782:
4577:
4543:
4408:
4374:
4304:
4238:
4140:
4106:
3772:
3684:
3650:
3589:
3555:
3521:
3444:
3410:
3326:
3292:
3259:
3225:
3191:
3132:
3074:
3040:
2981:
2947:
2869:
2835:
2801:
2742:
2708:
2624:
2590:
2556:
2522:
2488:
2454:
2420:
2349:
2217:
2156:
2110:
2076:
2042:
1910:
1839:
1805:
1771:
1736:
1708:
1661:
881:
592:
522:
494:
423:
356:
4648:
4496:
Musikalien-Katalog von L. Schwann, DĂĽsseldorf: Katholische Kirchen-Musik, Cantaten, Festspiele, LiederbĂĽcher, Verschiedene andere Musikalien
3217:
St. Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins of Cologne: Relics, Reliquaries and the Visual Culture of Group Sanctity in Late Medieval Europe
1960:
1636:"Nicht in langfristig geplanten Konzepten, sondern in einer langen Kette von Augenblicksentscheidungen verwirklichte sich die Herrschaft."
1221:("The crown of God, historical novel about Emperor Otto the Great and the struggle for a unified empire") is a 2001 novel by Theo Winnen.
815:
of Otto I, (use from 936 to 961, during the time he used the title of King), shows him with a lance and shield. The lance depicted is the
945:
1544:
1124:
4263:
3832:
1206:
42:, is seen by many as one of the greatest medieval rulers. His name is usually associated with the foundation (or consolidation of the
4197:
557:
382:
3436:
Herrscherdarstellung: zur Disposition mittelalterlichen Aussageverhaltens : untersucht an Texten ĂĽber Rudolf I. von Habsburg
1568:
1340:
857:
4742:"Des Kaisers letzte Reise - Das Jubiläum anlässlich des 1050. Todestages Kaiser Ottos des Großen im Jahr 2023 in Sachsen-Anhalt"
1296:, 1682), with music attributed to Paolo Biego and text by Francesco Silvani recounts Otto's career and his marriage to Adelaide.
4366:
More than Mere Spectacle: Coronations and Inaugurations in the Habsburg Monarchy during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
1336:
1215:
is a 1899 five-act drama about Otto's son Liudolf. At the last scene, Liudolf reconciled with his father after saving his life.
1028:
690:
108:
4670:
3676:"Wer weiss, wie es vor Zeiten wirklich gewesen ist?": Textbeziehungen als Mittel der Geschichtsdarstellung bei W.G. Sebald
1024:
3795:
901:
726:
4166:
Liudolf: A Historical Drama of the Time of Otto the Great : in Five Acts for Colleges, Young Men's Societies, Etc
2673:"Das schöne Detail... Brunnen, Türme, Figuren :: Brunnen und Wasserspiele/in Deutschland :: Bad Gandersheim"
1019:. Baur built a red sandstone four-sided stele or obelisk at the centre of a granite basin of the fountain, now called
615:
Reich, Regionen und Europa in Mittelalter und Neuzeit. Festschrift fĂĽr Peter Moraw (= Historische Forschungen. Bd. 67)
1550:
982:
393:
4697:
2653:. : Impressum Norunbergae sub priuilegio Sodalitis Celticae a Senatu Rhomani Imperii impetratae. p. iiii
1401:
840:
34:
540:
201:
flexibility, as shown by the recognition of dynastic succession, which enabled continuity in the ruling entities (
4801:
3124:
The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe
1362:
1318:
826:
66:. Although historians in different eras have never denied his reputation as a successful ruler, the image of the
613:. In Paul-Joachim Heinig; Sigrid Jahns; Hans-Joachim Schmidt; Rainer Christoph Schwinges; Sabine Wefers (eds.).
155:
940:
816:
812:
398:
752:
and then threw his spear into the North Sea, signalling that this was the limit of the emperor's sovereignty.
3613:
1949:"Ein jugendkräftiger Aufschwung, ein nationaler Zug gieng unter dem Kaiser Otto durch die Herzen des Volkes "
662:
Trevor Ravenscroft recounts that he was its first possessor, and that a previous Holy Spear that belonged to
4811:
3352:
A History of Germany, from the Earliest Times: Founded on Dr. David MĂĽller's "History of the German People."
1415:
1337:
Charles Albrecht of Wittelsbach, later Holy Roman Emperor (the only non-Habsburg emperor of the late Empire)
584:
Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919-1519)
472:
4190:
Die Krone von Gott historischer Roman ĂĽber Kaiser Otto den GroĂźen und den Kampf fĂĽr ein einheitliches Reich
3933:
2891:
1219:
Die Krone von Gott historischer Roman ĂĽber Kaiser Otto den GroĂźen und den Kampf fĂĽr ein einheitliches Reich
2650:
Opera Hrosvite, illvstris virginis et monialis germane, gente Saxonica orte, nvper a Conrado Celte inventa
835:(ivory, between 962 and 968) features a contemporary depiction of the emperor. This belongs to the series
313:
290:
Opera Hrosvite, illustris virginis et monialis Germane, gente Saxonica orte, nuper a Conrado Celte inventa
4258:(Vollständige Taschenbuchausgabe der bei Lübbe Ehrenwirth erschienenen Hardcoverausgabe ed.). Köln.
1322:
269:
120:
4719:
2648:
2412:
The Military Revolution and Political Change: Origins of Democracy and Autocracy in Early Modern Europe
1865:
Illustrierte Weltgeschichte fĂĽr das Volk: Geschichte des Mittelalters, von L. F. Dieffenbach und andere
1439:
1227:("Abysses of Power: A Novel about Otto the Great") is a 2016 novel about the emperor by Robert Gordian.
1023:(Imperial Fountain). Four great German emperors, representing four great ruling dynasties were chosen:
2545:
Franke, David P. (2010). "Narrative". In Rogers, Clifford J.; Caferro, William; Reid, Shelley (eds.).
792:
46:, depending on the sources, although the modern vỉew generally considers Otto, rather than his father
18:
1421:
1015:(1829-1897), won the competition to build a fountain to replace the then dilapidated fountain in the
915:
261:
116:
63:
783:
302:
230:, 2nd half of 12th century. Herzog August Bibliothek, WolfenbĂĽttel, Cod. Guelf. 74.3 Aug., pag. 226)
1201:
1040:
897:
160:
70:
4049:
3858:
3734:
2546:
2265:
279:
4624:
4512:
4273:
4207:
4003:
3375:
1477:
909:
645:
567:
441:
318:
55:
3958:
1001:(1885), depicting the emperor on the coast of Bosphorus, throwing his lance into the sea.; 1874
611:"Konsensuale Herrschaft. Ein Essay ĂĽber Formen und Konzepte politischer Ordnung im Mittelalter"
4778:
4573:
4567:
4539:
4533:
4494:
4469:
4404:
4398:
4370:
4364:
4300:
4294:
4259:
4234:
4193:
4136:
4130:
4102:
4096:
3884:
3768:
3762:
3680:
3646:
3585:
3551:
3545:
3517:
3511:
3440:
3406:
3350:
3322:
3288:
3255:
3249:
3221:
3187:
3181:
3128:
3122:
3097:
3070:
3064:
3036:
3005:
2977:
2943:
2865:
2831:
2797:
2766:
2738:
2732:
2704:
2620:
2586:
2580:
2552:
2518:
2484:
2450:
2444:
2416:
2345:
2213:
2152:
2106:
2072:
2038:
2032:
1934:
1906:
1835:
1801:
1767:
1761:
1732:
1704:
1657:
1651:
1425:
1395:
1246:
1032:
976:
836:
588:
553:
518:
490:
419:
378:
352:
285:
215:
79:
43:
3640:
3400:
3316:
3282:
3215:
3156:
3030:
2971:
2859:
2825:
2698:
2512:
2478:
2410:
2373:
2339:
2066:
1863:
1829:
1795:
1174:
2006:
1380:
1234:
761:
745:
663:
658:
618:
173:
112:
47:
3183:
Family, Commerce, and Religion in London and Cologne: Anglo-German Emigrants, C.1000-c.1300
610:
193:
long-term plans that dominance was achieved, but a long chain of instantaneous decisions."
177:
patterns. In this form of rulership, called "consensual rulership" by Bernd SchneidmĂĽller (
893:
104:
3908:
1525:
889:
847:
468:
226:
Genealogy of the Ottonians with Heinricus rex and Methildis regina in the double circle (
4027:
3976:
1902:
Ottonische Neuanfänge: Symposion zur Ausstellung "Otto der Grosse, Magdeburg und Europa"
1104:
Otto des Grossen Beziehungen zu Magdeburg (Otto the Great and his relation to Magdeburg)
329:
The scene of Hrosvitha presenting her work to Otto (not recorded in historical accounts)
1279:
1112:
753:
714:
405:
58:
gained him, according to historian Jim Bradburn, a reputation as the great champion of
26:
222:
4795:
2316:
1508:
1352:
1332:
1283:
1262:
952:
925:
868:
698:
682:
450:
293:
132:
4649:"British and Continental Pictures / Lot 116. Moritz von Schwind, Austrian 1804-1871"
3861:
History and Illumined by a Complete Series of Notable Illustrations ... of All Lands
843:, this is "One of the most famous ivory carvings to survive from the tenth century".
3485:
2793:
The Construction of Ottonian Kingship: Narratives and Myth in Tenth-century Germany
1530:
1517:
1385:
1348:
1311:
Heinrich der 'Vogler' Hertzog zu Braunschweig, nachmahls Erwehlter Teutscher Käyser
1178:
1135:
1099:
1036:
756:(1803–1884) depicted this scene in an engraving, used as illustration for the book
730:
265:
169:
4443:
3468:"Plaque with Christ Receiving Magdeburg Cathedral from Emperor Otto I ca. 962–968"
4772:
4600:
4228:
4164:
3674:
3579:
3434:
2937:
2614:
2207:
2146:
2100:
1900:
1726:
1698:
1679:
582:
512:
484:
413:
346:
4741:
4098:
The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-seventy
2068:
The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians
1471:
1325:, premiered in Braunschweig (Part 2 by the same authors were premiered in 1721).
994:
674:
128:
67:
59:
51:
2317:"Review of Becher, Matthias, Otto der GroĂźe: Kaiser und Reich: Eine Biographie"
1418:
with text attributed to Antonio Salvi, is a 1739 work with Otto as its subject.
1542:
The year of 2023 will be the 1050th commemoration of the emperor's death. The
1144:
German King Otto the Great (912-973) and his relation to the city of Magdeburg
822:
706:
649:
635:
124:
2034:
Monarchische Herrschaftsformen der Vormoderne in transkultureller Perspektive
2010:
1043:, and Frederick Barbarossa returned, depicted in a caricatural manner, while
622:
2936:
Kirchweger, Franz; Wolf, Gunther G.; Wien, Kunsthistorisches Museum (2005).
1196:
1012:
997:(1835–1906) left several paintings that depict Otto's life, among which are
1485:
1177:(1866–1937) made a photolithography artwork that depicts Otto crossing the
1164:
Otto I and Adelheid nehmen Abschied vom Grabe Ediths, seiner ersten Gattin
1160:
Otto I, conqueror of the Slavs and the Wends, enters the city of Magdeburg
1092:
Otto I and Adelheid nehmen Abschied vom Grabe Ediths, seiner ersten Gattin
402:(in German), vol. 19, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 656–660
1008:
971:
885:
4293:
Buhr, Christian; Waltenberger, Michael; Zegowitz, Bernd (6 April 2021).
3707:
2647:
Hrotsvitha; Kulmbach, Hans von; DĂĽrer, Albrecht; Celtis, Konrad (1501).
1434:("King Otto's bridal ride"), a historical-romantic opera in three acts (
375:
Heinrich I. und Otto der Grosse : Neubeginn auf karolingischem Erbe
4296:
Mittelalterrezeption im Musiktheater: Ein stoffgeschichtliches Handbuch
3513:
The Elbe Cycle Route: Elberadweg - Czechia and Germany to the North Sea
1936:
Kaiser Otto der Grosse, begonnen von R. Köpke, vollendet von E. Dümmler
749:
738:
734:
211:
75:
4444:"Dalisa (Hasse, Johann Adolph) - IMSLP: Free Sheet Music PDF Download"
4720:"Terra X - Deutschland-Saga, Dokumehrteiler, 2013-2015 | Crew United"
101:
Illustrierte Weltgeschichte fĂĽr das Volk: Geschichte des Mittelalters
3977:"Kaiserbrunnen in Konstanz Kaiserporträts, Seehasen und drei Päpste"
2791:
1448:
is a 1907 opera in three acts by Bernhard Karlipp about the emperor.
833:
Plaque with Christ Receiving Magdeburg Cathedral from Emperor Otto I
652:, also called the Hofburg spear. Metallurgical investigation by the
3642:
Deutsche Dichter der frĂĽhen Neuzeit (1450-1600): Ihr Leben und Werk
2548:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
2341:
Im Schatten der Kaiser: Helden, Heilige und Halunken im Mittelalter
1442:
with text by Roderich Fels, is a 1881 work about Otto and Adelaide.
1156:
Otto I zieht als Sieger ĂĽber die Slawen und Wenden in Magdeburg ein
1078:
Otto I zieht als Sieger ĂĽber die Slawen und Wenden in Magdeburg ein
957:
Kaiser Otto I., verkleinerte Replik der Statue am Reichstagsgebäude
892:, targeting female readers specifically) for the supraports of the
4602:
König Otto's Brautfahrt: historisch-romantische Oper in drie Akten
1456:
1257:
981:
863:
705:
666:
had mysteriously disappeared before Otto came to possession of it.
634:
348:
Heinrich I. und Otto der Grosse: Neubeginn auf karolingischem Erbe
221:
154:
94:
3581:
Marketing Maximilian: The Visual Ideology of a Holy Roman Emperor
3402:
The Haskins Society Journal 27: 2015. Studies in Medieval History
2939:
Die Heilige Lanze in Wien: Insignie , Reliquie, "Schicksalsspeer"
685:, Otto I might have been associated with an early version of the
4535:
A New Chronology of Venetian Opera and Related Genres, 1660-1760
3736:
Irre Blicke – Intermedialität in W. G. Sebalds Schwindel.Gefühle
3121:
Dixhoorn, Arjan Van; Sutch, Susie Speakman (30 September 2008).
965:
by Philip Veit, painted in 1843, is part of a series depicting
888:(the explanations for the engravings were created by historian
4299:(in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 105.
2037:(in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 132.
139:
Kurt Reindel comments on the legacy of Otto as the following:
4748:(in German). Zentrum fĂĽr Mittelalterausstellungen. 8 May 2022
1039:
and Barbara Rumpf. Maximilian, together with his second wife
2375:
Modern History: Europe, from Charlemagne to the Present Time
1265:'s Kaiser Otto I. Historisches Museum Regensburg 20160929 21
4671:"Sachsen-Anhalt: Neue Theatersaison mit ĂĽber 100 Premieren"
3284:"The Making of Europe": Essays in Honour of Robert Bartlett
1237:
is a 2018 historical novel about Otto the Great. Book 1 is
934:
The Reconciliation of Otto the Great with his brother Henry
1146:), composed of three parts: The left part of the painting,
930:
Die Versöhnung Ottos des Großen mit seinem Bruder Heinrich
873:
Die Versöhnung Ottos des Großen mit seinem Bruder Heinrich
744:
There are stories about the relationship between Otto and
3486:"Magdeburg Rider statue, Magdeburg, Germany | Britannica"
2189:
2187:
1213:
Liudolf: A Historical Drama of the Time of Otto the Great
1168:
Otto I and Adelheid at the grave of Edith, his first wife
4350:
3857:
Ellis, Edward Sylvester; Horne, Charles Francis (1914).
2942:(in German). Kunsthistorisches Museum. pp. 159–62.
1148:
Otto I und Edith betreiben die Befestigung von Magdeburg
1064:
Otto I und Edith betreiben die Befestigung von Magdeburg
415:
Otto der Grosse: Kaiser und Reich : eine Biographie
163:
from Emperor Otto I. Between 962 and 968. MET 41.100.157
3399:
Gathagan, Laura L.; North, William (15 December 2016).
1983:
1604:
Cultural depictions of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
1589:
Cultural depictions of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
1462:
Der Hoftag Ottos des GroĂźen in Quedlinburg 973, um 1850
1003:
Otto the Great triumphs over his dead brother Thankmar"
479:
Darmstadt 1962, Nachdruck der 1. Auflage, Leipzig 1876.
4698:"Die Deutschen Staffel 1, Folge 1: Otto und das Reich"
3032:
Gose: Brewing a Classic German Beer for the Modern Era
2619:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. pp. 6, 12, 250, 243.
1584:
Cultural depictions of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
1335:
is about Otto's reign and written for the occasion of
1286:, is about Henry's rebellion against his brother Otto.
949:("Otto the Great battles the Hungarians in Lechfeld").
671:
Gose: Brewing a Classic German Beer for the Modern Era
550:
Otto I. : Leben und Wirken im Spiegel der Quellen
4005:
Chronik der Königlichen Akademie der Künste zu Berlin
3679:(in German). Königshausen & Neumann. p. 90.
2148:
Representations of Power in Medieval Germany 800-1500
1594:
Cultural depictions of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
3645:(in German). Erich Schmidt Verlag GmbH & Co KG.
1700:
Otto der Grosse: Kämpfer und Beter : Biographie
1609:
Cultural depictions of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
1599:
Cultural depictions of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
1579:
Cultural depictions of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
1181:
to invade Italy in 951 as illustration for the work
1152:
Otto I and Edith running the Fortification Magdeburg
669:
The Rammelsberg legend or Gose legend: According to
4569:
Gioachino Rossini: A Research and Information Guide
4075:"Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, invading Italy in 951"
3544:Charles, Victoria; Carl, Klaus (24 November 2014).
1962:
Aufsätze zur deutschen Geschichte im Mittelelberaum
1574:
Cultural depictions of Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
1496:, mixing elements of theater, dance and visual art.
4493:DĂĽsseldorf), L. Schwann (firm, publishers (1904).
4230:AbgrĂĽnde der Macht: Ein Roman ĂĽber Otto den GroĂźen
1225:AbgrĂĽnde der Macht: Ein Roman ĂĽber Otto den GroĂźen
896:(these engravings were commissioned by the banker
4605:(in German). Im Selbtverlage des Verfassers. 1899
4002:Königliche Akademie der Künste zu Berlin (1902).
1899:SchneidmĂĽller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan (2001).
1731:(in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
617:. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 53–87.
581:SchneidmĂĽller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan (2003).
2861:A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages
2585:. Christian Faith Publishing, Inc. p. 207.
839:, likely commissioned by Otto. According to the
4430:
4338:
4326:
2065:Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (6 July 2017).
1965:(in German). Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
1048:with his wives, unlike Maximilian with Bianca).
3886:Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings, Volume 1
2212:(in German). Philipp von Zabern. p. 172.
1492:addresses the founding myth of Magdeburg, the
1117:Otto der GroĂźe vergiebt seinem Bruder Heinrich
1115:(1845 – 1907) created the historical painting
856:(Otto's city) The Magdeburg Rider influenced
3161:. Manchester University Press. pp. 20–28
2551:. Oxford University Press. pp. 166–168.
2132:
184:Christian Hillen compares Johannes Laudage's
8:
4517:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2911:Die Geschichte des Dorfes Wellingen am Rhein
2480:Medieval German and Its Neighbours, 900-1250
2145:Weiler, Björn K. U.; MacLean, Simon (2006).
2005:. wbg (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft).
1031:(Hohenstaufen), Maximilian I (Habsburg) und
4403:. Cambridge University Press. p. 260.
3764:Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-1850
3584:. Princeton University Press. p. 105.
2768:History of Art and Architecture: Volume One
2514:Princes and Territories in Medieval Germany
2449:. Cambridge University Press. p. 220.
4807:Cultural depictions of Holy Roman Emperors
4538:. Stanford University Press. p. 463.
4278:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4212:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3321:. Cambridge University Press. p. 11.
3186:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
2796:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 13.
2517:. Cambridge University Press. p. 93.
2415:. Princeton University Press. p. 20.
2178:
1959:Holtzmann, Robert; Timm, Albrecht (1962).
1466:The Court of Otto the Great in Quedlinburg
572:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
514:Otto der Grosse (912-973): eine Biographie
4400:The Politics of Opera in Handel's Britain
2446:Citizenship, Identity, and Social History
1436:historisch-romantische Oper in drie Akten
1361:is a 1723 opera in three acts written by
1140:Otto des Grossen Beziehungen zu Magdeburg
1121:Otto the Great forgives his brother Henry
186:Otto der GroĂźe (912-973). Eine Biographie
4101:. Oxford University Press. p. 253.
3550:. Parkstone International. p. 130.
3069:. BoD – Salzwasser Verlag. p. 323.
1656:. Oxford University Press. p. 340.
1564:Cultural depictions of Adelaide of Italy
860:'s plan for his own equestrian monument.
196:Althoff writes the following on Otto I:
107:: Otto the Great as the central figure,
17:
4629:(in German). M. Hesse. 1907. p. 16
3516:. Cicerone Press Limited. p. 184.
3180:Huffman, Joseph P. (13 November 2003).
3007:Legends and Tales of the Harz Mountains
2824:Holznecht, Karl Julius (7 March 2019).
2396:
2251:
2193:
1886:
1760:Tucker, Spencer C. (23 December 2009).
1752:
1620:
91:Politics and the Imperial Church system
4510:
4471:A Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
4351:Buhr, Waltenberger & Zegowitz 2021
4271:
4205:
4129:Boyle, Anthony J. (2 September 2003).
3819:
2302:
2290:
2239:
2105:. Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 190.
1414:, "A dramma per musica" with music by
1394:is a great concert-cantata written by
1138:created the monumental wall painting,
565:
54:, as the founder), the victory in the
4363:Gelder, Klaas Van (2 February 2021).
4256:Das Haupt der Welt historischer Roman
4028:"Arthur Kampf, Good Friday GermanArt"
3767:. Taylor & Francis. p. 941.
3248:Ferguson, Robert (25 November 2009).
2827:Literary Patronage in The Middle Ages
1905:(in German). von Zabern. p. 17.
1797:The Reformation of Historical Thought
1794:Lotito, Mark A. (16 September 2019).
1551:Cathedral Museum Ottonianum Magdeburg
1231:Das Haupt der Welt historischer Roman
967:emperors who reigned from 768 to 1806
7:
4499:(in German). L. Schwann. p. 131
3796:"Otto I. schlägt die Ungarn am Lech"
3614:"Die Supraporten im Schaezlerpalais"
3405:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 36.
3355:. Harper & brothers. p. 132
3063:Taylor, Bayard (22 September 2020).
3035:. Brewers Publications. p. 10.
2858:Ullmann, Walter (2 September 2003).
2511:Arnold, Benjamin (29 January 2004).
2338:Langwald, Reiner (14 January 2013).
2071:. Taylor & Francis. p. 49.
1868:(in German). Otto Spamer. p. 18
1834:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 55.
1428:, that features Otto as a character.
1183:Storia d' Italia - narrata al popolo
3439:(in German). Francke. p. 277.
3214:Montgomery, Scott Bradford (2010).
3155:Trevor-Roper, Hugh Redwald (1963).
3010:. Hodder and Stoughton. p. 103
3004:Lauder, Maria Elise Turner (1881).
2970:Ravenscroft, Trevor (1 June 1982).
1984:SchneidmĂĽller & Weinfurter 2001
1545:Kulturhistorisches Museum Magdeburg
1245:("The foreign queen", referring to
969:(created from 1839 to 1853) in the
943:(1828–1887) produced the engraving
483:Köpke, Rudolf (29 September 2013).
3975:Susana, Andreas (18 August 2021).
3377:Die deutsche Geschichte in Bildern
3315:Steinberg, S. H. (17 April 2014).
2409:Downing, Brian (8 December 2020).
1207:Gerberga II, Abbess of Gandersheim
946:Otto I. schlägt die Ungarn am Lech
900:(1731-1780), based on drawings by
804:, original (left) and copy (right)
758:Die deutsche Geschichte in Bildern
449:Reindel, Kurt (19 November 2021).
14:
4771:Althoff, Gerd (1 November 2010).
4532:Selfridge-Field, Eleanor (2007).
4397:McGeary, Thomas (25 April 2013).
3909:"The 'Kaiserbrunnen' in Konstanz"
3889:. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 112
3761:Murray, Christopher John (2004).
2734:Medieval Germany: An Encyclopedia
2344:(in German). epubli. p. 65.
1681:Heinrich I, & Otto der Grosse
3510:Wells, Mike (15 February 2022).
2765:Lacey, Joann (24 January 2021).
2616:Warfare in Tenth-Century Germany
2315:Wozniak, Thomas (October 2012).
1650:MacLean, Simon (31 March 2017).
1569:Cultural depictions of Theophanu
1084:
1070:
1056:
791:
782:
689:, now primarily associated with
301:
278:
4696:KG, imfernsehen GmbH & Co.
4566:Gallo, Denise (6 August 2012).
4369:. Berghahn Books. p. 149.
4227:Gordian, Robert (1 June 2016).
3883:Champlin, John Denison (1886).
3349:Lewis, Charlton Thomas (1880).
3029:Allen, Fal (7 September 2018).
2477:Leyser, Karl (1 January 1982).
2443:Tilly, Charles (7 March 1996).
2266:"Otto I. - Deutsche Biographie"
1933:Köpke, Ernst Rudolf A. (1876).
955:(1854–1904) created the statue
908:depicts victory of Otto in the
323:in 1978, is a modern rendition.
4163:Guggenberger, Anthony (1899).
2579:Kohler, Ron (4 January 2022).
648:associated with the legendary
1:
4054:www.stamperiastampeantiche.it
3612:Altaugsburggesellschaft e.V.
2697:Bloch, Marc (16 April 2014).
2483:. A&C Black. p. 66.
1678:Corvey, Widukind (of (1864).
1123:), which is the model of the
920:Die Schlacht auf dem Lechfeld
721:The tenth century manuscript
696:Legend associates the art of
609:SchneidmĂĽller, Bernd (2000).
377:. Göttingen: Muster-Schmidt.
351:(in German). Muster-Schmidt.
312:) in Gandersheim, erected by
159:Plaque with Christ receiving
3618:Altaugsburggesellschaft e.V.
3433:Kleinschmidt, Erich (1974).
2206:Zabern, Philipp von (2001).
1697:Wies, Ernst Wilhelm (1989).
1523:He is depicted in Terra X's
1365:, Haym/Stephano Pallavicino.
939:On the subject of Lechfeld,
729:, recounts that the cult of
451:"Otto I - Legacy Britannica"
3962:www.freiburgs-geschichte.de
3102:. Murray. 1870. p. 428
3066:By-Ways of Europe: Volume I
2613:Bachrach, David S. (2014).
2372:West, Willis Mason (1907).
1725:Zimmermann, Harald (1976).
1516:(2008), he is portrayed by
1470:Emperor Otto I celebrating
1195:The famous nun and scholar
188:(2001) with Gerd Althoff's
4828:
4572:. Routledge. p. 348.
4474:. G. Schirmer. p. 362
4135:. Routledge. p. 287.
3934:"Konstanz - Kaiserbrunnen"
3374:BĂĽhlau, Friedrich (1862).
3318:A Short History of Germany
3220:. Peter Lang. p. 14.
2790:Grabowski, Antoni (2018).
2771:. Sugar Creek. p. 603
2270:www.deutsche-biographie.de
2102:Europe and the Middle Ages
1402:Georg Wilhelm Rauchenecker
725:, dedicated to Archbishop
548:Salewsky, Dietmar (2019).
541:Review by Christian Hillen
511:Laudage, Johannes (2001).
259:
3833:"Kaiser Otto am Bosporus"
3673:Schedel, Susanne (2004).
2864:. Routledge. p. 75.
2830:. Routledge. p. 22.
2703:. Routledge. p. 86.
1999:Spielregeln der Mächtigen
1862:Corvin, Otto von (1882).
1766:. ABC-CLIO. p. 412.
1205:, commissioned by Abbess
1127:, shown in the 1897 book
989:by Franz Sales Lochbihler
884:depicting the history of
882:32 copperplate engravings
412:Becher, Matthias (2012).
4468:Baker, Theodore (1900).
3639:FĂĽssel, Stephan (1993).
3547:1000 Portraits of Genius
3254:. Penguin. p. 238.
2908:Schmidt, Stefan (2008).
2319:. H-Soz-u-Kult, H-Review
2011:10.11588/heidok.00024808
1939:(in German). p. 553
1506:In the first episode of
1343:. In the same occasion,
1341:Maria Amalia of Habsburg
1125:woodcut of the same name
823:the Holy Lance in Vienna
654:Montanuniversität Leoben
639:The Holy Lance in Vienna
623:10.11588/heidok.00012062
442:Review by Thomas Wozniak
399:Neue Deutsche Biographie
228:Chronica St. Pantaleonis
131:(lower center). Artist:
4254:Gablé, Rebecca (2018).
4233:(in German). dotbooks.
4008:(in German). p. 46
3938:statues.vanderkrogt.net
3733:Harald, Jakobs (2014).
2209:Otto der Grosse: Essays
2099:Peters, Edward (2004).
1432:König Otto's Brautfahrt
1278:, 1679), with music by
999:Kaiser Otto am Bosporus
587:(in German). C.H.Beck.
418:(in German). C.H.Beck.
308:The Roswitha Fountain (
4095:Lerner, Gerda (1993).
3578:Silver, Larry (2008).
3251:The Vikings: A History
3127:. BRILL. p. 226.
2731:Jeep, John M. (2001).
2264:Biographie, Deutsche.
2179:Loud & Schenk 2017
1828:Bradbury, Jim (1992).
1703:(in German). Bechtle.
1481:
1480:, 1850. Oil on canvas.
1363:Georg Friedrich Händel
1359:Ottone. Re di Germania
1347:(1719) was written by
1319:Georg Caspar SchĂĽrmann
1266:
990:
916:Franz Sales Lochbihler
876:
717:
640:
477:Kaiser Otto der GroĂźe.
373:Althoff, Gerd (1985).
345:Althoff, Gerd (1985).
231:
207:
179:konsensuale Herrschaft
164:
150:Kaiser Otto der Grosse
146:
136:
30:
4669:Böhme, Maria (2012).
4188:Winnen, Theo (2001).
3913:figures-of-speech.com
3742:(Thesis). p. 355
3287:. BRILL. 9 May 2016.
3099:The Cornhill Magazine
2892:Liutprand von Cremona
1800:. BRILL. p. 52.
1529:(2013–2015), also by
1460:
1309:He is a character in
1261:
995:Albert Baur the Elder
985:
898:Benedikt Adam Liebert
867:
709:
638:
631:Legends and anecdotes
486:Kaiser Otto der GroĂźe
392:Gerd Althoff (1999),
270:Ottonian architecture
225:
198:
158:
141:
121:William the Conqueror
99:Medieval rulers from
98:
21:
4777:. Penn State Press.
4431:Selfridge-Field 2007
4339:Selfridge-Field 2007
4327:Selfridge-Field 2007
2737:. Psychology Press.
2151:. Isd. p. 126.
1474:at Quedlingburg, 973
1422:Adelaide di Borgogna
1416:Gennaro D'Alessandro
1404:(1844 – 1906) wrote
1199:wrote the epic poem
1029:Friedrich Barbarossa
918:(1777–1854) painted
702:with Otto the Great.
691:Frederick Barbarossa
489:(in German). DOGMA.
394:"Otto I., der GroĂźe"
314:Siegfried Zimmermann
288:'s illustration for
262:Ottonian Renaissance
109:Frederick Barbarossa
64:Ottonian Renaissance
3822:, p. PA60-IA1.
2677:brunnenturmfigur.de
2293:, pp. 256–265.
1424:is a 1817 opera by
1323:Johann Ulrich König
1185:, di Paolo Giudici.
1162:); the right part,
1041:Bianca Maria Sforza
963:The Otto's portrait
161:Magdeburg Cathedral
71:political strongman
23:Battle of Lechtfeld
3712:IRON MIKE MAGAZINE
3490:www.britannica.com
2133:SchneidmĂĽller 2000
1831:The Medieval Siege
1653:Ottonian Queenship
1514:Otto und das Reich
1482:
1478:Moritz von Schwind
1267:
1243:Die fremde Königin
1175:Tancredi Scarpelli
1007:In 1892, in 1892,
991:
987:Battle of Lechfeld
910:Battle of Lechfeld
877:
769:Depictions in arts
718:
646:Battle of Lechfeld
641:
517:(in German). WBG.
455:www.britannica.com
256:Cultural patronage
232:
203:Herrschaftsbildung
165:
137:
117:King Saint Stephen
56:Battle of Lechfeld
31:
4784:978-0-271-04618-1
4579:978-1-135-84701-2
4545:978-0-8047-4437-9
4410:978-1-107-00988-2
4376:978-1-78920-878-8
4306:978-3-11-042423-2
4240:978-3-95824-110-7
4142:978-1-134-76325-2
4108:978-0-19-509060-4
3981:travelwriticus.at
3864:. p. 103-IA1
3800:www.akg-images.de
3774:978-1-57958-422-1
3686:978-3-8260-2728-4
3652:978-3-503-03040-8
3591:978-0-691-13019-4
3557:978-1-78310-401-7
3523:978-1-78362-893-3
3472:www.metmuseum.org
3446:978-3-7720-1066-8
3412:978-1-78327-148-1
3328:978-1-107-66016-8
3294:978-90-04-31136-7
3261:978-1-101-15142-6
3227:978-3-03911-852-6
3193:978-0-521-52193-2
3158:Historical Essays
3134:978-90-04-16955-5
3076:978-3-7525-0076-9
3042:978-1-938469-50-3
2983:978-0-87728-547-2
2949:978-3-85497-090-3
2871:978-1-134-41535-9
2837:978-0-429-61501-6
2803:978-94-6298-723-4
2744:978-0-8240-7644-3
2710:978-1-317-67757-4
2626:978-1-84383-927-9
2592:978-1-63874-065-0
2558:978-0-19-533403-6
2524:978-0-521-52148-2
2490:978-0-907628-08-8
2456:978-0-521-55814-3
2422:978-0-691-22218-9
2378:. Allyn and Bacon
2351:978-3-8442-4331-4
2219:978-3-8053-2616-2
2158:978-2-503-51815-2
2112:978-0-13-096772-5
2078:978-1-317-02200-8
2044:978-3-11-041170-6
1912:978-3-8053-2701-5
1841:978-0-85115-357-5
1807:978-90-04-34795-3
1773:978-1-85109-672-5
1738:978-3-534-06749-7
1710:978-3-7628-0483-3
1663:978-0-19-252050-0
1440:Adalbert Ueberlée
1426:Gioachino Rossini
1396:Karl Adolf Lorenz
1374:dramma per musica
1304:dramma per musica
1294:dramma per musica
1276:dramma per musica
1247:Adelaide of Italy
1154:); the mid part,
977:Frankfurt am Main
941:Emil Eugen Sachse
902:Gottfried Eichler
837:Magdeburg Ivories
687:Kyffhäuser legend
594:978-3-406-50958-2
524:978-3-7917-1750-0
496:978-3-95580-848-8
425:978-3-406-63061-3
358:978-3-7881-0122-0
80:Adelaide of Italy
44:Holy Roman Empire
4819:
4802:Ottonian dynasty
4788:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4682:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4634:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4516:
4508:
4506:
4504:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4360:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4277:
4269:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4203:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3829:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3714:. 10 August 2021
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2976:. Weiser Books.
2973:Spear of Destiny
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2905:
2899:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2004:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1757:
1742:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1526:Deutschland-Saga
1290:Ottone il Grande
1088:
1074:
1060:
890:Paul von Stetten
795:
786:
746:Harald Bluetooth
664:Henry the Fowler
659:Battle of Birten
626:
605:
603:
601:
577:
571:
563:
535:
533:
531:
507:
505:
503:
465:
463:
461:
436:
434:
432:
406:full text online
403:
388:
369:
367:
365:
322:
310:Roswitha-Brunnen
305:
282:
243:Military affairs
174:Henry the Fowler
172:'s 1985 work on
113:Alfred the Great
48:Henry the Fowler
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4792:
4791:
4785:
4770:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4751:
4749:
4746:presseportal.de
4740:
4739:
4735:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4690:
4680:
4678:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4632:
4630:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4606:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4531:
4530:
4526:
4509:
4502:
4500:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4450:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4270:
4266:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4204:
4200:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4170:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4030:. 13 April 2020
4026:
4025:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3986:
3984:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3959:"Maximilian I."
3957:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3760:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3383:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2681:
2679:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2322:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:, pp. 214.
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2002:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1942:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1728:Otto der Grosse
1724:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1649:
1646:
1644:Further reading
1641:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1560:
1540:
1503:
1455:
1256:
1192:
1129:Die Gartenlaube
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1102:'s 1906 series
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1061:
894:Schaezlerpalais
849:Magdeburg Rider
808:
807:
806:
805:
802:Magdeburg Rider
798:
797:
796:
788:
787:
776:
771:
762:Friedrich BĂĽlau
733:was brought to
711:Otto am Nordsee
633:
608:
599:
597:
595:
580:
564:
560:
547:
529:
527:
525:
510:
501:
499:
497:
482:
459:
457:
448:
430:
428:
426:
411:
391:
385:
372:
363:
361:
359:
344:
333:
332:
331:
330:
326:
325:
324:
316:
306:
298:
297:
283:
272:
258:
245:
127:(lower right),
119:(upper right),
105:Otto von Corvin
93:
88:
12:
11:
5:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4814:
4812:Otto the Great
4809:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4733:
4711:
4688:
4661:
4640:
4616:
4592:
4578:
4558:
4544:
4524:
4485:
4460:
4435:
4433:, p. 386.
4423:
4409:
4389:
4375:
4355:
4353:, p. 107.
4343:
4341:, p. 324.
4331:
4329:, p. 154.
4319:
4305:
4285:
4265:978-3404177363
4264:
4246:
4239:
4219:
4198:
4180:
4155:
4141:
4121:
4107:
4087:
4066:
4041:
4019:
3994:
3967:
3950:
3925:
3900:
3875:
3849:
3837:www.artnet.com
3824:
3812:
3787:
3773:
3753:
3725:
3708:"Lechfeld 955"
3699:
3685:
3665:
3651:
3631:
3604:
3590:
3570:
3556:
3536:
3522:
3502:
3477:
3459:
3445:
3425:
3411:
3391:
3366:
3341:
3327:
3307:
3293:
3274:
3260:
3240:
3226:
3206:
3192:
3172:
3147:
3133:
3113:
3089:
3075:
3055:
3041:
3021:
2996:
2982:
2962:
2948:
2928:
2900:
2884:
2870:
2850:
2836:
2816:
2802:
2782:
2757:
2743:
2723:
2709:
2700:Feudal Society
2689:
2664:
2639:
2625:
2605:
2591:
2571:
2557:
2537:
2523:
2503:
2489:
2469:
2455:
2435:
2421:
2401:
2389:
2364:
2350:
2330:
2307:
2305:, p. 265.
2295:
2283:
2256:
2254:, p. 236.
2244:
2232:
2218:
2198:
2196:, p. 122.
2183:
2171:
2157:
2137:
2125:
2111:
2091:
2077:
2057:
2043:
2023:
1988:
1976:
1951:
1925:
1911:
1891:
1879:
1854:
1840:
1820:
1806:
1786:
1772:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1737:
1722:
1709:
1694:
1675:
1662:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1629:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1521:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:Otto der GroĂźe
1443:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1406:Kaiser Otto I.
1399:
1392:Otto der GroĂźe
1389:
1377:
1370:Amore e Sdegno
1366:
1356:
1326:
1317:with music by
1307:
1297:
1287:
1280:Antonio Draghi
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1239:Otto der GroĂźe
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1171:
1132:
1113:Alexander Zick
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1005:
980:
979:
960:
950:
937:
923:
913:
904:(1715-1770)),
862:
861:
844:
830:
800:
799:
790:
789:
781:
780:
779:
778:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
754:Ludwig Richter
742:
715:Ludwig Richter
704:
703:
694:
679:
667:
632:
629:
628:
627:
606:
593:
578:
558:
537:
536:
523:
508:
495:
480:
473:DĂĽmmler, Ernst
466:
438:
437:
424:
409:
389:
383:
370:
357:
328:
327:
307:
300:
299:
286:Albrecht DĂĽrer
284:
277:
276:
275:
274:
273:
257:
254:
244:
241:
123:(lower left),
115:(upper left),
111:(top center),
92:
89:
87:
86:Historiography
84:
40:Otto the Great
38:, also called
27:Michael Echter
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4824:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4775:
4769:
4768:
4765:Cited sources
4764:
4747:
4743:
4737:
4734:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4699:
4692:
4689:
4676:
4672:
4665:
4662:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4620:
4617:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4593:
4581:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4559:
4547:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4528:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4498:
4497:
4489:
4486:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4461:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4424:
4412:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4393:
4390:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4323:
4320:
4308:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4201:
4199:9783831122530
4195:
4192:. Karlsruhe.
4191:
4184:
4181:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4156:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4125:
4122:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4091:
4088:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4007:
4006:
3998:
3995:
3982:
3978:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3888:
3887:
3879:
3876:
3863:
3862:
3853:
3850:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3776:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3754:
3738:
3737:
3729:
3726:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3666:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3635:
3632:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3593:
3587:
3583:
3582:
3574:
3571:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3540:
3537:
3525:
3519:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3503:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3429:
3426:
3414:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3395:
3392:
3379:
3378:
3370:
3367:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3308:
3296:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3278:
3275:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3244:
3241:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3210:
3207:
3195:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3173:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3148:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3114:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3090:
3078:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3056:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2997:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2966:
2963:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2932:
2929:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2854:
2851:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2820:
2817:
2805:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2724:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2690:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2652:
2651:
2643:
2640:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2606:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2572:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2538:
2526:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2504:
2492:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2470:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2436:
2424:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2376:
2368:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2318:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2221:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:, p. 49.
2180:
2175:
2172:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2114:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2058:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2024:
2012:
2008:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1986:, p. 17.
1985:
1980:
1977:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1952:
1938:
1937:
1929:
1926:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1787:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1676:
1665:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1538:Commemoration
1537:
1532:
1531:David Bunners
1528:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1518:David Bunners
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:Die Deutschen
1505:
1504:
1501:Documentaries
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1398:(1837 – 1923)
1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:Antonio Salvi
1351:with text by
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Antonio Lotti
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:Nicolo Minato
1281:
1277:
1273:
1270:The story of
1269:
1268:
1264:
1263:Rudolf Maison
1260:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1235:Rebecca Gablé
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1202:Gesta Ottonis
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1021:Kaiserbrunnen
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
993:
992:
988:
984:
978:
974:
973:
968:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:Rudolf Maison
951:
948:
947:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
926:Alfred Rethel
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:
874:
870:
869:Alfred Rethel
866:
859:
855:
851:
850:
845:
842:
838:
834:
831:
828:
827:imperial seal
824:
820:
819:
814:
810:
809:
803:
794:
785:
773:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
719:
716:
712:
708:
701:
700:
699:meistergesang
695:
692:
688:
684:
683:Bayard Taylor
681:According to
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
660:
655:
651:
647:
644:Otto and the
643:
642:
637:
630:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
596:
590:
586:
585:
579:
575:
569:
561:
559:9783534403301
555:
552:. Darmstadt.
551:
546:
545:
544:
542:
526:
520:
516:
515:
509:
498:
492:
488:
487:
481:
478:
474:
470:
469:Köpke, Rudolf
467:
456:
452:
447:
446:
445:
443:
427:
421:
417:
416:
410:
407:
401:
400:
395:
390:
386:
384:9783788101220
380:
376:
371:
360:
354:
350:
349:
343:
342:
341:
337:
320:
315:
311:
304:
295:
294:Konrad Celtis
291:
287:
281:
271:
267:
263:
255:
253:
249:
242:
240:
236:
229:
224:
220:
217:
213:
206:
204:
197:
194:
191:
187:
182:
180:
175:
171:
162:
157:
153:
151:
145:
140:
134:
133:Ludwig Burger
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
90:
85:
83:
81:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
36:
28:
24:
20:
16:
4773:
4750:. Retrieved
4745:
4736:
4724:. Retrieved
4714:
4702:. Retrieved
4691:
4679:. Retrieved
4674:
4664:
4652:. Retrieved
4643:
4631:. Retrieved
4625:
4619:
4607:. Retrieved
4601:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4568:
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4534:
4527:
4501:. Retrieved
4495:
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4470:
4463:
4451:. Retrieved
4447:
4438:
4426:
4414:. Retrieved
4399:
4392:
4380:. Retrieved
4365:
4358:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4295:
4288:
4255:
4249:
4229:
4222:
4189:
4183:
4171:. Retrieved
4165:
4158:
4146:. Retrieved
4131:
4124:
4112:. Retrieved
4097:
4090:
4078:. Retrieved
4069:
4057:. Retrieved
4053:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4022:
4010:. Retrieved
4004:
3997:
3985:. Retrieved
3980:
3970:
3961:
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3937:
3928:
3916:. Retrieved
3912:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3885:
3878:
3866:. Retrieved
3859:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:
3827:
3815:
3803:. Retrieved
3799:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3763:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3735:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3711:
3702:
3690:. Retrieved
3675:
3668:
3656:. Retrieved
3641:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3617:
3607:
3595:. Retrieved
3580:
3573:
3561:. Retrieved
3546:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3512:
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3489:
3480:
3471:
3462:
3450:. Retrieved
3435:
3428:
3416:. Retrieved
3401:
3394:
3382:. Retrieved
3376:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3351:
3344:
3332:. Retrieved
3317:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3283:
3277:
3265:. Retrieved
3250:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3216:
3209:
3197:. Retrieved
3182:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3157:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3123:
3116:
3104:. Retrieved
3098:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3065:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3031:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3006:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2972:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2938:
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2910:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2875:. Retrieved
2860:
2853:
2843:28 September
2841:. Retrieved
2826:
2819:
2809:28 September
2807:. Retrieved
2792:
2785:
2775:28 September
2773:. Retrieved
2767:
2760:
2750:28 September
2748:. Retrieved
2733:
2726:
2716:28 September
2714:. Retrieved
2699:
2692:
2680:. Retrieved
2676:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2649:
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2615:
2608:
2596:. Retrieved
2581:
2574:
2562:. Retrieved
2547:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2513:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2479:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2445:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2411:
2404:
2399:, p. 4.
2397:Althoff 2010
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
2374:
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2340:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2310:
2298:
2286:
2274:. Retrieved
2269:
2259:
2252:Laudage 2001
2247:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2208:
2201:
2194:Laudage 2001
2174:
2162:. Retrieved
2147:
2140:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2101:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2067:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2033:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
1998:
1991:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1961:
1954:
1941:. Retrieved
1935:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1901:
1894:
1887:Reindel 2021
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1864:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1830:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1796:
1789:
1777:. Retrieved
1762:
1755:
1727:
1714:. Retrieved
1699:
1686:. Retrieved
1680:
1667:. Retrieved
1652:
1632:
1623:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1493:
1489:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1445:
1435:
1431:
1411:
1405:
1391:
1386:Johann Hasse
1379:
1373:
1369:
1358:
1349:Pietro Torri
1344:
1328:
1321:and text by
1314:
1310:
1303:
1300:Foca superbo
1299:
1293:
1289:
1282:and text by
1275:
1271:
1242:
1241:; Book 2 is
1238:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1200:
1182:
1179:Brenner Pass
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1136:Arthur Kampf
1128:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1100:Arthur Kampf
1091:
1077:
1063:
1025:Heinrich III
1020:
1016:
1011:'s sculptor
1002:
998:
986:
970:
956:
944:
933:
929:
928:painted the
919:
872:
858:Maximilian I
853:
848:
817:
801:
757:
731:Saint Ursula
723:Fuit Tempore
722:
710:
697:
670:
653:
614:
598:. Retrieved
583:
549:
538:
528:. Retrieved
513:
500:. Retrieved
485:
476:
458:. Retrieved
454:
439:
429:. Retrieved
414:
404:; (
397:
374:
362:. Retrieved
347:
338:
334:
309:
292:, edited by
289:
266:Ottonian art
250:
246:
237:
233:
227:
208:
202:
199:
195:
189:
185:
183:
178:
170:Hagen Keller
166:
149:
147:
142:
138:
135:(1825–1884).
100:
39:
33:
32:
22:
15:
4722:(in German)
4700:(in German)
4677:(in German)
4169:. B. Herder
4148:27 February
4114:27 February
3983:(in German)
3820:BĂĽhlau 1862
3780:27 February
3658:28 February
3624:28 February
3620:(in German)
3380:(in German)
2917:(in German)
2896:Antapodosis
2682:13 December
2657:13 December
2303:Becher 2012
2291:Becher 2012
2272:(in German)
2240:Becher 2012
1684:(in German)
1490:Ottos Traum
1472:Whitsuntide
1315:Singe-Spiel
1045:Otto (left)
1017:Marktstätte
959:around 1897
774:Visual arts
675:Rammelsberg
600:25 February
530:25 February
502:25 February
431:25 February
317: [
129:Charlemagne
68:nationalist
60:Christendom
52:Charlemagne
4796:Categories
4132:Roman Epic
2582:Gettysburg
1747:References
1331:(1719) by
1313:(1718), a
1190:Literature
1027:(Franks),
972:Kaisersaal
936:) in 1840.
880:Among the
821:(see also:
818:Holy Lance
813:royal seal
760:(1862) by
650:Holy Lance
260:See also:
125:Hugh Capet
103:(1882) by
74:his wives
62:, and the
4675:www.mz.de
4626:Die Musik
4513:cite book
4448:imslp.org
4274:cite book
4208:cite book
1494:Ottostadt
1486:Jo Fabian
1272:Baldracca
1197:Hrosvitha
1173:In 1930,
1134:In 1906,
1033:Wilhelm I
1013:Hans Baur
854:Ottostadt
568:cite book
190:Otto III.
25:(955) by
4774:Otto III
4633:10 March
4609:10 March
4585:10 March
4551:10 March
4503:10 March
4478:10 March
4416:10 March
4173:10 March
3563:10 March
3529:10 March
3233:12 March
3199:12 March
3165:12 March
3140:10 March
2225:10 March
1716:10 March
1688:10 March
1669:10 March
1558:See also
1488:'s 2013
1345:Adelaide
1009:Konstanz
886:Augsburg
216:Adelheid
4654:22 July
4453:13 July
4382:13 July
4312:13 July
3987:7 March
3943:6 March
3918:6 March
3597:3 March
3495:3 March
3452:3 March
3418:3 March
3106:5 March
3082:5 March
3048:5 March
3014:5 March
2989:5 March
2955:5 March
2921:5 March
2877:31 July
2632:31 July
2598:31 July
2564:31 July
2530:31 July
2496:31 July
2382:8 March
2357:8 March
2323:2 March
2276:5 March
2164:9 March
2118:9 March
2084:9 March
2050:9 March
2016:9 March
1969:9 March
1943:2 March
1918:2 March
1847:8 March
1813:8 March
1779:8 March
1453:Theater
1388:(1730).
1329:Teofane
875:. 1840.
750:Jutland
739:Dunstan
460:2 March
364:2 March
212:Eadgyth
76:Eadgyth
29:, 1860.
4781:
4752:30 May
4726:1 June
4704:1 June
4681:1 June
4576:
4542:
4407:
4373:
4303:
4262:
4237:
4196:
4139:
4105:
4080:30 May
4059:30 May
4034:14 May
4012:14 May
3893:14 May
3868:14 May
3842:14 May
3805:2 June
3771:
3746:30 May
3718:30 May
3692:30 May
3683:
3649:
3588:
3554:
3520:
3443:
3409:
3384:2 June
3359:2 June
3334:2 June
3325:
3300:2 June
3291:
3267:2 June
3258:
3224:
3190:
3131:
3073:
3039:
2980:
2946:
2898:IV,25.
2868:
2834:
2800:
2741:
2707:
2623:
2589:
2555:
2521:
2487:
2462:30 May
2453:
2428:30 May
2419:
2348:
2216:
2155:
2109:
2075:
2041:
1909:
1872:2 June
1838:
1804:
1770:
1735:
1707:
1660:
1412:Ottone
1381:Dalisa
1037:Gernot
825:. His
673:, the
591:
556:
521:
493:
422:
381:
355:
268:, and
35:Otto I
3740:(PDF)
2915:(PDF)
2003:(PDF)
1615:Notes
1476:) by
1438:) by
1254:Music
713:, by
321:]
4779:ISBN
4754:2022
4728:2022
4706:2022
4683:2022
4656:2023
4635:2022
4611:2022
4587:2022
4574:ISBN
4553:2022
4540:ISBN
4519:link
4505:2022
4480:2022
4455:2022
4418:2022
4405:ISBN
4384:2022
4371:ISBN
4314:2022
4301:ISBN
4280:link
4260:ISBN
4235:ISBN
4214:link
4194:ISBN
4175:2022
4150:2022
4137:ISBN
4116:2022
4103:ISBN
4082:2022
4061:2022
4036:2022
4014:2022
3989:2022
3945:2022
3920:2022
3895:2022
3870:2022
3844:2022
3807:2022
3782:2022
3769:ISBN
3748:2022
3720:2022
3694:2022
3681:ISBN
3660:2022
3647:ISBN
3626:2022
3599:2022
3586:ISBN
3565:2022
3552:ISBN
3531:2022
3518:ISBN
3497:2022
3454:2022
3441:ISBN
3420:2022
3407:ISBN
3386:2022
3361:2022
3336:2022
3323:ISBN
3302:2022
3289:ISBN
3269:2022
3256:ISBN
3235:2022
3222:ISBN
3201:2022
3188:ISBN
3167:2022
3142:2022
3129:ISBN
3108:2022
3084:2022
3071:ISBN
3050:2022
3037:ISBN
3016:2022
2991:2022
2978:ISBN
2957:2022
2944:ISBN
2923:2022
2879:2022
2866:ISBN
2845:2022
2832:ISBN
2811:2022
2798:ISBN
2777:2022
2752:2022
2739:ISBN
2718:2022
2705:ISBN
2684:2022
2659:2022
2634:2022
2621:ISBN
2600:2022
2587:ISBN
2566:2022
2553:ISBN
2532:2022
2519:ISBN
2498:2022
2485:ISBN
2464:2022
2451:ISBN
2430:2022
2417:ISBN
2384:2022
2359:2022
2346:ISBN
2325:2022
2278:2022
2227:2022
2214:ISBN
2166:2022
2153:ISBN
2120:2022
2107:ISBN
2086:2022
2073:ISBN
2052:2022
2039:ISBN
2018:2022
1971:2022
1945:2022
1920:2022
1907:ISBN
1874:2022
1849:2022
1836:ISBN
1815:2022
1802:ISBN
1781:2022
1768:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1718:2022
1705:ISBN
1690:2022
1671:2022
1658:ISBN
1548:and
1339:and
906:No.7
846:The
811:The
735:Köln
727:Gero
602:2022
589:ISBN
574:link
554:ISBN
532:2022
519:ISBN
504:2022
491:ISBN
471:and
462:2022
433:2022
420:ISBN
379:ISBN
366:2022
353:ISBN
214:and
78:and
2007:doi
1468:or
1384:by
1368:In
1233:by
975:in
871:'s
841:MET
619:doi
50:or
4798::
4744:.
4673:.
4515:}}
4511:{{
4446:.
4276:}}
4272:{{
4210:}}
4206:{{
4052:.
3979:.
3936:.
3911:.
3835:.
3798:.
3710:.
3616:.
3488:.
3470:.
2894:,
2675:.
2268:.
2186:^
1512:,
1249:).
1170:).
570:}}
566:{{
543:)
475::
453:.
444:)
396:,
319:de
264:,
4787:.
4756:.
4730:.
4708:.
4685:.
4658:.
4637:.
4613:.
4589:.
4555:.
4521:)
4507:.
4482:.
4457:.
4420:.
4386:.
4316:.
4282:)
4268:.
4243:.
4216:)
4202:.
4177:.
4152:.
4118:.
4084:.
4063:.
4038:.
4016:.
3991:.
3964:.
3947:.
3922:.
3897:.
3872:.
3846:.
3809:.
3784:.
3750:.
3722:.
3696:.
3662:.
3628:.
3601:.
3567:.
3533:.
3499:.
3474:.
3456:.
3422:.
3388:.
3363:.
3338:.
3304:.
3271:.
3237:.
3203:.
3169:.
3144:.
3110:.
3086:.
3052:.
3018:.
2993:.
2959:.
2925:.
2881:.
2847:.
2813:.
2779:.
2754:.
2720:.
2686:.
2661:.
2636:.
2602:.
2568:.
2534:.
2500:.
2466:.
2432:.
2386:.
2361:.
2327:.
2280:.
2229:.
2168:.
2135:.
2122:.
2088:.
2054:.
2020:.
2009::
1973:.
1947:.
1922:.
1889:.
1876:.
1851:.
1817:.
1783:.
1741:.
1720:.
1692:.
1673:.
1533:.
1520:.
1464:(
1372:(
1355:.
1302:(
1292:(
1274:(
1166:(
1158:(
1150:(
1142:(
1131:.
1119:(
932:(
912:.
764:.
693:.
625:.
621::
604:.
576:)
562:.
539:(
534:.
506:.
464:.
440:(
435:.
408:)
387:.
368:.
296:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
