Greek love - Knowledge

805: 1894:, Wilde frequently invoked the historical precedent of Greek models of love and masculinity, calling Douglas the contemporary "Hyacinthus, whom Apollo loved so madly," in a letter to him in July 1893. The trial of Oscar Wilde marked the end of the period when proponents of "Greek love" could hope to legitimate homosexuality by appeals to a classical model. During the cross examination, Wilde defended his statement that "pleasure is the only thing one should live for," by acknowledging: "I am, on that point, entirely on the side of the ancients—the Greeks. It is a pagan idea." With the rise of sexology, however, that kind of defense failed to hold. 1700:, and thus not suitable objects of ideal love. Although Shelley recognised the homosexual nature of the love relationships between males in ancient Greece, he argued that homosexual lovers often engaged in no behaviour of a sexual nature, and that Greek love was based on the intellectual component, in which one seeks a complementary beloved. He maintains that the immorality of the homosexual acts are on par with the immorality of contemporary prostitution, and contrasts the pure version of Greek love with the later licentiousness found in Roman culture. Shelley cites 1503: 1928: 1343: 1820:. When Jowett was critical of Symonds' opinions on sexuality, Dowling notes that Jowett, in his lectures and introductions, discussed love between men and women when Plato himself had been talking about the Greek love for boys. Symonds asserted that "Greek love was for Plato no 'figure of speech', but a present and poignant reality. Greek love is for modern studies of Plato no 'figure of speech' and no anachronism, but a present poignant reality." Symonds struggled against the desexualization of " 1805:. He treats "Greek love" as central to Greek "aesthetic morality". Aware of the taboo nature of his subject matter, Symonds referred obliquely to pederasty as "that unmentionable custom" in a letter to a prospective reader of the book, but defined "Greek love" in the essay itself as "a passionate and enthusiastic attachment subsisting between man and youth, recognised by society and protected by opinion, which, though it was not free from sensuality, did not degenerate into mere licentiousness". 841:. According to Dover, there was no concept in ancient Greece equivalent to the modern conception of "sexual preference"; it was assumed that a person could have both hetero- and homosexual responses at different times. Evidence for same-sex attractions and behaviors is more abundant for men than for women. Both romantic love and sexual passion between men were often considered normal, and under some circumstances healthy or admirable. The most common male–male relationship was 1442: 964:("Greek custom" or "the way of the Greeks") refers to a variety of behaviors the ancient Romans regarded as Greek, including but not confined to sexual practice. Homosexual behaviors at Rome were acceptable only within an inherently unequal relationship; male Roman citizens retained their masculinity as long as they took the active, penetrating role, and the appropriate male sexual partner was a prostitute or slave, who would nearly always be non-Roman. In 64: 1778: 1668: 1769:, characterized the Hellenism of his day as "the total denial of any moral restraint on any human impulses", and outlined what he saw as the proper scope of Greek influence on the education of young men. Tyrwhitt and other critics attacked by name several scholars and writers who had tried to use Plato to support an early gay-rights agenda and whose careers were subsequently damaged by their association with "Greek love". 5141: 1942: 1956: 1824:", and sought to debunk the association of effeminacy with homosexuality by advocating a Spartan-inspired view of male love as contributing to military and political bonds. When Symonds was falsely accused of corrupting choirboys, Jowett supported him, despite his own equivocal views of the relation of Hellenism to contemporary legal and social issues that affected homosexuals. 1142: 1386:, though he felt he had to leave much of this perception implicit: "I should have been able to say more if I had written for the Greeks, and not in a modern tongue, which imposed on me certain restrictions." His own homosexuality influenced his response to Greek art and often tended toward the rhapsodic: "from admiration I pass to ecstasy ...," he wrote of the 1600:

Louis Crompton uses the umbrella term "Greek love" to cover literary and cultural models of homosexuality from classical antiquity as a whole, both Greek and Roman, as received by intellectuals, artists, and moralists of the time. To those such as Byron who were steeped in classical literature, the phrase "Greek love" evoked pederastic myths such as

4289: 1308:, rejected "Greek love" as a model in his essay "De l'amitié" ("On Friendship"); it did not accord with the social needs of his own time, he wrote, because it involved "a necessary disparity in age and such a difference in the lovers' functions". Because Montaigne saw friendship as a relationship between equals in the context of 1863:

served as a model, and "Greek love", which combined social ideals with "vulgar" reality. Symonds envisioned a "nationalist homosexuality" based on the model of Greek love, distanced from effeminacy and "debasing" behaviors and viewed as "in its origin and essence, military". He tried to reconcile his

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saw in "Greek love" a way to introduce individuality and diversity within their own civilization. Pater's short story "Apollo in Picardy" is set at a fictional monastery where a pagan stranger named Apollyon causes the death of the young novice Hyacinth; the monastery "maps Greek love" as the site of

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traditions of western society. In the postclassical period, love poetry addressed by males to other males has been in general taboo. According to Reeser's book "Setting Plato Straight", it was the Renaissance that shifted the idea of love in Plato's sense to what we now refer to as "Platonic love"—as

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had been a formal social relationship between freeborn males; taken out of context and refashioned as the luxury product of a conquered people, pederasty came to express roles based on domination and exploitation. Slaves often were given, and prostitutes sometimes assumed, Greek names regardless of

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used Plato's philosophy as inspiration for some of their greatest works. The "rediscovery" of classical antiquity was perceived as a liberating experience, and Greek love as an ideal after a Platonic model. Michelangelo presented himself to the public as a Platonic lover of men, combining Catholic

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as "mistress", and "boy" often becomes "maiden" or "woman". At the same time, the classical curriculum in English schools passed over works of history and philosophy in favor of Latin and Greek poetry that often dealt with erotic themes. In describing homoerotic aspects of Byron's life and work,

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as central to a new aesthetics of the time, and for whom Winckelmann himself was a model of Greek love as a superior form of friendship. While Winckelmann did not invent the euphemism "Greek love" for homosexuality, he has been characterized as an "intellectual midwife" for the Greek model as an

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Shelley complained that contemporary reticence about homosexuality kept modern readers without a knowledge of the original languages from understanding a vital part of ancient Greek life. His poetry was influenced by the "androgynous male beauty" represented in Winckelmann's art history. Shelley

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led eventually to more honest translations and essays that examined the homoeroticism of Greek culture, particularly pederasty, in the context of scholarly inquiry rather than moral condemnation. An English archbishop penned what may be the most effusive account of Greek pederasty available in

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seems to refer only to licentious homosexual conduct, in contrast to the moderate behavior between men in the perfect friendship. When Montaigne chooses to introduce his essay on friendship with recourse to the Greek model, "homosexuality's role as

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Effeminacy or a lack of discipline in managing one's sexual attraction to another male threatened a man's "Roman-ness" and thus might be disparaged as "Eastern" or "Greek". Fears that Greek models might "corrupt" traditional Roman social codes (the

1312:, this inequality diminished the value of Greek love. The physical beauty and sexual attraction inherent in the Greek model for Montaigne were not necessary conditions of friendship, and he dismisses homosexual relations, which he refers to as 1801:. The work, "perhaps the most exhaustive eulogy of Greek love", remained unpublished for a decade, and then was printed at first only in a limited edition for private distribution. Symonds's approach throughout most of the essay is primarily 1127:" that "never stops being Greek in the Roman imagination", an erotic pose to be distinguished from the varieties of real-world sexuality among individuals. Vout sees the views of Williams and MacMullen as opposite extremes on the subject 4899: 1760:

The efforts among aesthetes and intellectuals to legitimate various forms of homosexual behaviors and attitudes by virtue of a Hellenic model were not without opposition. The 1877 essay "The Greek Spirit in Modern Literature" by

3057:, p. 3, Crompton writes that homosexuality was denounced by "poets and novelists, theologians, journal writers, and historians, along with newspapers, political speeches, reports of religious societies, and popular pamphlets". 2850:, p. 87. Platt, "Montaigne", p. 58, thinks that Montaigne's emphasis on equality is more important than the rejection of "bodily love between males" in the passage. Montaigne also regards women as incapable of true friendship. 3338:(University of Minnesota Press, 2010), p. 8, observes that "homosexuality in women was located only through medical or anthropological measure, reserving the 'highly regarded' classical studies for the realm of men only." 1542:" were not used during this period, but "Greek love" among Byron's contemporaries became a way to conceptualize homosexuality, otherwise taboo, within the precedents of a highly esteemed classical past. The philosopher 1119:, whose young male partners accompanied them in public for official ceremonies, criticized the perceived "Greekness" of male–male sexuality. "Greek love", or the cultural model of Greek pederasty in ancient Rome, is a " 4386: 774:") in reference to male–male attractions. Ancient Greece became a positive reference point by which homosexual men of a certain class and education could engage in discourse that might otherwise be taboo. In the 1838:

One of the ways in which Symonds and Whitman expressed themselves in their correspondence on the subject of homosexuality was through references to ancient Greek culture, such as the intimate friendship between

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was a major influence on the formation of classical ideals in the 18th century, and is also a frequent starting point for histories of gay German literature. Winckelmann observed the inherent homoeroticism of

3556:, pp. 59ff., points out that despite attempts to "sanitize" Greek love, the Victorian use of classical mythology and texts necessarily admit the "unruly qualities" of sexual desire that the originals contain. 1080:

was a slave chosen from the pages who served in a high-ranking household. He was selected for his good looks and grace to serve at his master's side, where he is often depicted in art. Among his duties, at a

4889: 4549: 4323: 4391: 1620:; Byron refers to all these stories in his writings. He was even more familiar with the classical tradition of male love in Latin literature, and quoted or translated homoerotic passages from 747:

are often placed on either or both words ("Greek" love, Greek "love", or "Greek love") to indicate that usage of the phrase is determined by context. It often serves as a "coded phrase" for

1253:, which he condemned, and praises Socratic love as the highest form of friendship. The same attitude informs his brief treatment of the homosexual comments which occasionally appear in the 3543:(Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 44, on Greek homoeroticism as conceived in Symonds's time as "a form of love which in practice can never match the ideal as presented by the poets". 804: 4894: 1235:

For Ficino, "Platonic love" was a bond between two men that fosters a shared emotional and intellectual life, as distinguished from the "Greek love" practiced historically as the

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portray these relationships as sometimes erotic or sexual, or sometimes idealized, educational, non-consummated, or non-sexual. A distinctive feature of Greek male–male

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The legacy of Greece in homosexual aesthetics became problematic, and the meaning of a "costume" derived from classical antiquity was questioned. The French theorist

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and other modern European languages, "Greek love" refers to various (mostly homoerotic) practices as part of the Hellenic heritage reinterpreted by adherents such as

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did not appear in complete form until 1910. Shelley asserts that Greek love arose from the circumstances of Greek households, in which women were not educated and

5005: 4590: 4554: 2981:(Wayne State University Press, 2002), p. 63, on how Winckelmann's letters provide "a set of tropes that signal the struggle to express the male same-sex desire". 1692:. Shelley was the first major English writer to analyse Platonic homosexuality, although neither work was published during his lifetime. His translation of the 4602: 1494:

is meant to be a "Greek" painting, imbued with an appreciation of "Greek love", a tribute and documentation of leisured, disinterested, masculine fellowship.

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in which they lived, homosexuality was looked upon with increased disfavour and denounced by many in the general public, in line with the encroachment of

5242: 4906: 4805: 1872:. His strategy for influencing social acceptance of homosexuality and legal reform in England included evoking an idealized Greek model that reflected 5182: 4995: 4625: 4607: 4396: 3639: 5207: 5000: 4580: 4859: 5126: 4874: 4810: 1035:. One of his few surviving fragments is a poem of desire addressed to a male with a Greek name, signaling the new aesthetic in Roman culture. The 1724:

could cast a veil of respectability over even a hitherto unmentionable vice or crime." Homosexuality emerged as a category of thought during the

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Throughout the 19th century, upper-class men of same-sex orientation or sympathies regarded "Greek love", often used as a euphemism for the

5227: 4845: 4767: 4575: 4506: 3406:, p. 244. Katz notes that "Whitman's knowledge of and response to ancient Greek love is the subject for a major study" (p. 381, note 6). 1916:

conceptions of gay history, and fostered a now "widely accepted" view that "Greek love is not a prefiguration of modern homosexuality."

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has been questioned. In his essay "Greek Love", Alastair Blanshard sees "Greek love" as "one of the defining and divisive issues in the

4284: 3364:(University of North Carolina Press, 1990), pp. 23–25, with further discussion of Hallam and his relations with other literary figures 3030: 5202: 5187: 4990: 4585: 4570: 4381: 4318: 4204: 2220: 1827:

Symonds also translated classical poetry on homoerotic themes, and wrote poems drawing on ancient Greek imagery and language such as

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relationship. Ficino thus points toward the modern usage of "Platonic love" to mean love without sexuality. In his commentary to the

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English at the time, duly noted by Byron on the "List of Historical Writers Whose Works I Have Perused" that he drew up at age 19.

1141: 1063:). His Latin name and free-born status subvert pederastic tradition at Rome. Catullus's poems are more often addressed to a woman. 5232: 5172: 5116: 5111: 4956: 4789: 200: 4961: 2809: 1259:. Ficino maintained that men could use each other's beauty and friendship to discover the greatest good, that is, God, and thus 5121: 4772: 4695: 4642: 4637: 4254: 2006: 1550:

and pederasty, to demonstrate how these relationships did not inherently erode heterosexual marriages or the family structure.

795: 4973: 4757: 3612: 3330:(University of Texas Press, 2002), pp. 9–10; Joan DeJean, "Sex and Philology: Sappho and the Rise of German Nationalism", in 2725:, p. 80; Maggi, "On Kissing and Sighing", pp. 315–340, for a broader discussion of homoeroticism in Ficino and related works. 2249: 4854: 867:

views Greek pederasty as "a substitute for heterosexual love, free contacts between the sexes being restricted by society".

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would have been the most likely way for a young student to learn about Greek sexuality. The one English translation of the

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Alma parens originalis?: The Receptions of Classical Literature and Thought in Africa, Europe, the United States, and Cuba

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of sexual desire. Ficino thus began the long historical process of suppressing the homoeroticism of in particular, the

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on the Greek conception of love in 1818 during his first summer in Italy, concurrently with his translation of Plato's

5167: 5025: 4879: 4782: 4690: 4501: 4429: 4346: 4313: 2698: 2237: 2027: 1856: 1736:; the discourse of "Greek love" during this time generally excluded women's sexuality. Late Victorian writers such as 1713: 1237: 843: 799: 572: 63: 1152:

Male same-sex relationships of the kind portrayed by the "Greek love" ideal were increasingly disallowed within the

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surrounding Greek love that ... feeds into the related eighteenth-century discourses on friendship and love".

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as another expression of the same sentiments, and ultimately argues that they are chaste and platonic in nature.

1410:." Although now regarded as "ahistorical and utopian", his approach to art history provided a "body" and "set of 947: 626: 17: 4866: 4742: 4366: 4269: 4239: 4178: 4158: 1908: 1465: 1222: 1164: 1056: 1024: 1013: 989:

is attracted have Greek names. The use of slaves defined Roman pederasty; sexual practices were "somehow 'Greek

874: 552: 150: 1701: 1181:("On Love"). Ficino is "perhaps the most important Platonic commentator and teacher in the Renaissance". The 5092: 4983: 4450: 4376: 4371: 4274: 4234: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4199: 4183: 1813: 1697: 1672: 1430: 1052: 621: 616: 594: 3650: 3131:(Taylor & Francis, 2000), p. 444, on the use of classical allusions as code among Byron and his circle. 1456:

German 18th-century works from the "Greek love" milieu of classical studies include the academic essays of

5145: 4925: 4351: 4308: 4298: 4279: 4264: 4259: 4249: 4229: 4173: 4148: 4128: 4107: 3492:, p. 78, citing a letter written by Symonds. Passage discussed also by Dowling, p. 130, and Bart Schultz, 2948:

Winckelmann, as quoted by William Armstrong Percy III, "Reconsiderations about Greek Homosexualities", in

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between a man and a youth, as a "legitimating ideal": "the prestige of Greece among educated middle-class

1461: 1190: 864: 838: 382: 1316:, as socially repulsive. Although the wholesale importation of a Greek model would be socially improper, 4828: 4820: 4455: 4424: 4303: 4244: 4153: 4133: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4048: 1844: 1840: 1766: 1407: 1066:

The literary ideal celebrated by Catullus stands in contrast to the practice of elite Romans who kept a

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The main Greek literary sources for Greek homosexuality are lyric poetry, Athenian comedy, the works of

724: 640: 160: 3627: 3144:, p. 87, citing "A Discourse on the Manners of the Antient Greeks Relative to the Subject of Love", in 1072:("exquisite boy") as a form of high-status sexual consumption, a practice that continued well into the 1831:, which has been called "the most famous of his homoerotic poems": "The metaphors are Greek, the tone 1593:, who nevertheless was at pains to suppress its homoeroticism: Sydenham regularly translated the word 1546:, for instance, appealed to social models of classical antiquity, such as the homoerotic bonds of the 5212: 4460: 4356: 4143: 4138: 3075: 2829:(Greenwood, 1998), p. 58; special emphasis on the context of political liberty in Marc D. Schachter, 1996: 1637: 1605: 1601: 1527: 1281: 1226: 1124: 1092: 916: 905: 709: 701: 606: 464: 321: 133: 35: 5058: 2782: 1927: 1342: 5222: 4948: 2016: 1975: 1891: 1802: 1754: 1581: 1562: 1507: 1487: 1486:

Neoclassical works of art often represented ancient society and an idealized form of "Greek love".

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warned against the perceived immorality of this agenda. Tyrwhitt, who was a vigorous supporter of

751:, or to "sanitize" homosexual desire in historical contexts where it was considered unacceptable. 5087: 4833: 1873: 1558: 1411: 1378: 1322: 1293: 1210: 1044: 1028: 589: 284: 239: 96: 1441: 584: 3201: 3195: 2990:

W. Daniel Wilson, "Diabolical Entrapment: Mephisto, the Angels, and the Homoerotic in Goethe's

2113: 5098: 4026: 3994: 3975: 3956: 3928: 3905: 3886: 3850: 3831: 3812: 3791: 3768: 3749: 3726: 3707: 3688: 3673: 3382: 3284: 3265: 3259: 3235: 3229: 3205: 3169: 3034: 2881: 2786: 2702: 2586: 2543: 2245: 2216: 2166: 2147: 2117: 1750: 1729: 1636:, whose name "was a byword for homosexuality in the eighteenth century". In Byron's circle at 1575: 1457: 1383: 1359: 1309: 1286: 1271: 1171: 1017: 870: 759: 195: 3164:. Masaryk University Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde. p. 2878: 2213: 1406:

honoured with his presence—and the statue seems to come alive like the beautiful creation of

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as models of expression caused homoeroticism to be regarded as urbane and sophisticated. The

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Same-sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition of the West

1865: 1832: 1387: 1260: 1255: 969: 909: 697: 521: 494: 3165: 5048: 4911: 2170: 1903: 1809: 1590: 1515: 1167: 1145: 1088: 893: 889:, though the extent to which homosexual bonds played a military role has been questioned. 740: 716: 244: 123: 3103:

Latin literature in particular was seen as continuing or deriving from a Greek heritage.

2329:, "'Sleeping in the Bosom of a Tender Companion': Homoerotic Attachments in Sappho," in 1777: 1753:. Others who addressed the subject of Greek love in letters, essays, and poetry include 1667: 5053: 4019: 3921: 3866: 3784: 3668:

Blanshard, Alastair J. L. (2004) "Greek Love," essay at p. 161 of Eriobon, Didier

3438: 2468: 2326: 2106: 2037: 1986: 1980: 1589:, published in two parts in 1761 and 1767, was an ambitious undertaking by the scholar 1543: 1232:"threatens to expose the carnal nature of Greek love" which Ficino sought to minimize. 1120: 1032: 965: 878: 814: 779: 736: 681: 562: 337: 220: 170: 3581: 2400:

Pollini, John, "The Warren Cup: Homoerotic Love and Symposial Rhetoric in Silver", in

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Leitao, David, "The legend of the Theban Band", in M. Craven Nussbaum and J. Sihvola,

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The high regard for classical antiquity in the 18th century caused some adjustment in

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Lytton Strachey and the Search for Modern Sexual Identity: the Last Eminent Victorian

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The Greeks and Greek Love: A Radical Reappraisal of Homosexuality in Ancient Greece

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orthodoxy and pagan enthusiasm in his portrayal of the male form, most notably the

1275: 1218: 1073: 1059:, include several expressing desire for a freeborn youth explicitly named "Youth" ( 1021: 834: 744: 705: 611: 307: 231: 185: 106: 91: 3159: 2601:

Armando Maggi, "On Kissing and Sighing: Renaissance Homoerotic Love from Ficino's

2179:

Before Sexuality: The Construction of Erotic Experience in the Ancient Greek World

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Men Desiring Men: The Poetry of Same-Sex Identity and Desire in German Classicism

2666: 2538: 2475:(Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. 120 2270:

The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Enlightenment Europe

1859:. Symonds distinguished between "heroic love", for which the ideal friendship of 3079: 2950:

Same-Sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition

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Same-Sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition

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Same-Sex Desire and Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition

1991: 1885: 1794: 1741: 1733: 1547: 1531: 1519: 1474:(1805), a novel about an explicitly male–male love affair in a Greek setting by 1305: 1186: 999: 886: 720: 567: 557: 547: 143: 3528:

The Crimson Letter: Harvard, Homosexuality, and the Shaping of American Culture

1285:, but his great-nephew edited his poems to diminish references to his love for 2265: 2193: 1923: 1686:

Discourse on the Manners of the Antient Greeks Relative to the Subject of Love

1644:". In correspondence, Byron and his friends resorted to the code of classical 1554: 1446: 1435: 1116: 849: 830: 579: 274: 210: 190: 128: 116: 3582:"Testimony of Oscar Wilde on Cross Examination (April 3,1895)(Literary Part)" 3336:

Citizen, Invert, Queer: Lesbianism and War in Early Twentieth-Century Britain

2863:(University of North Carolina Press, 2006), pp. 187–214, quotation on p. 213. 1325:

is more important than its status as actual male–male desire or act ...

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became the most important text for conceptions of love in general during the

863:, "boy" understood as an endearment and not necessarily a category of age ). 3083: 2022: 1677: 1656:, as the mythological Hyacinthus was accidentally felled while throwing the 1633: 1415: 1297: 1217:

influenced a philosophical view that the pursuit of knowledge, particularly

1153: 1108: 1083: 912: 748: 693: 685: 364: 267: 225: 165: 111: 81: 2833:'That Friendship Which Possesses the Soul': Montaigne Loves La Boétie", in 2085:

Blanshard, Alastair J. L. "Greek Love," essay at p. 161 of Eriobon, Didier

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Freedom over Servitude: Montaigne, La Boétie, and "On Voluntary Servitude"

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The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece

1970: 1869: 1645: 1641: 1621: 1617: 1595: 1301: 1264: 1241: 1206: 1148:

articulated an idealized form of male love within the classical tradition

1048: 927: 855: 3944:

Setting Plato Straight: Translating Ancient Sexuality in the Renaissance

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The Seduction of the Mediterranean: Writing, Art, and Homosexual Fantasy

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Among Women: From the Homosocial to the Homoerotic in the Ancient World

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Sexual Knowledge, Sexual Science: The History of Attitudes to Sexuality

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The concept of Greek love was important to two of the most significant

1429:, who pointed to Winckelmann's glorification of the nude male youth in 986: 508: 293: 4021:

Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity

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Of Chastity and Power: Elizabethan Literature and the Unmarried Queen

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Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity

1661: 1657: 1629: 1625: 1426: 1403: 1250: 1100: 783: 471: 432: 400: 373: 1816:, and later worked with Jowett on an English translation of Plato's 934:

from the 500s and 400s BCE depict courtship and sex between males.

3334:(University of California Press, 1996), p. 139ff. Deborah Cohler, 2734:

Nikolai Endres, "Plato, Platotude, and Blatancy in E.M. Forster's

1776: 1676:(c. 1801) in Apollo's arms, by a painter contemporary with Byron, 1666: 1653: 1523: 1501: 1440: 1399: 1391: 1341: 1140: 953: 923: 803: 782:

in the classical tradition, which was treated with reverence, and

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One Hundred Years of Homosexuality and Other Essays on Greek Love

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Et cet'autre licence Grecque est justement abhorrée par nos muers

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Sexuality in Greek and Roman Society and Literature: A Sourcebook

1374:") in reference to male–male attractions. The work of the German 1039:

of elite culture influenced sexual attitudes among "avant-garde,

4040: 3148:, ed. James A. Notopoulos (Duke University Press, 1949), p. 407. 2751:

Ficino, Marsilio, “The Commentary of Marsilio Ficino to Plato’s

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Bremmer, Jan, "An Enigmatic Indo-European Rite: Paederasty", in

2366:: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome 1855:, which included an "unembarrassed" examination of the place of 1569:

Plato was little read in Byron's time, in contrast to the later

1112: 1104: 1096: 901: 778:, a disjuncture was carefully maintained between idealized male 455: 423: 55: 4044: 3393:

Tyrwhitt, "The Greek Spirit in Modern Literature", pp. 558–559.

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Masculine Desire: The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism

3127:, pp. 127–129. See also Barry Weller, "English Literature", in 2975:

Flesh and the Ideal: Winckelmann and the Origins of Art History

1843:, "the most beautiful man among the Spartans", and the soldier 1538:

values into the public mainstream. The terms "homosexual" and "

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aesthetic and philosophical ideal that shaped the 18th-century

1012:

By the close of the 2nd century BCE, however, the elevation of

853:, the active lover) bonded with or mentored a teen-aged youth ( 3161:

Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde

2977:(Yale University Press, 1994, 2000), and Gustafson, Susan E., 2825:

Michael Platt, "Montaigne, Of Friendship, and On Tyranny", in

2378:

King, Helen, "Sowing the Field: Greek and Roman Sexology", in

1649: 1608:, as well as historical figures such as the political martyrs 1539: 1425:

in the latter 18th and throughout the 19th century, including

847:, a socially-acknowledged institution in which a mature male ( 1835:

and the emotions a bit sentimental for present-day readers."

1781:

John Addington Symonds, in a photo he signed for Walt Whitman

407: 398: 389: 380: 371: 362: 353: 344: 335: 326: 2783:+Platonic+love, +Socratic+love+Michelangelo&pg=PA483 483 2679:

Verstraete, Beert C. and Provencal, Vernon. Introduction to

62: 3598:, translated by Michael Lucey (Duke University Press, 2004) 2952:, (Haworth Press, 2005), p. 49, with reference to Aldrich, 3687:. Classical Receptions. Vol. 5. John Wiley and Sons. 2143:

Lytton Strachey and the search for modern sexual identity

1857:

pederasty in Spartan pedagogy, military life, and society

696:. The phrase is a product of the enormous impact of the 3748:. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 3723:

Byron and Greek Love: Homophobia in 19th-century England

2583:

Byron and Greek Love: Homophobia in 19th-century England

3570:. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. p. 159. 2238:"Queer Diasporas: Towards a (Re)Reading of Gay History" 1506:

Byron in Greek nationalist costume (c. 1830) with the

2926:

ed. David Irwin (London: Phaidon, 1972), pp. 105–106.

2501:(University of Chicago Press, 2002), pp. 242 and 263. 2333:(Haworth Press, 2005), p. 202; Jane McIntosh Snyder, 1177:

to western culture with his Latin translation titled

2617:(Haworth Press, 2005), p. 315, gives a date of 1484. 919:

is also frequently referenced as a pederastic myth.

719:, the validity of an ancient Greek model for modern 5080: 5039: 5016: 4947: 4924: 4819: 4798: 4750: 4741: 4715: 4708: 4651: 4618: 4563: 4537: 4482: 4473: 4438: 4412: 4339: 4192: 4116: 4085: 4078: 3541:

Modernism, Male Friendship, and the First World War

3029:. Yale University Press; Revised edition. pp. 4018: 3920: 3878: 3865: 3783: 3741: 3477:Queering the Moderns: Poses/Portraits/Performances 3447:Virtuous Vice: Homoeroticism and the Public Sphere 3289:Love Stories: Sex between Men before Homosexuality 2497:Halperin, David M., "The First Homosexuality?" in 2105: 1329:becomes an aesthetic device to frame the center." 1027:was among a circle of poets who made short, light 1003:) seem to have prompted a vaguely documented law ( 896:have been interpreted as reflecting the custom of 2417:(Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 78 and 95 2337:(Southern Illinois University Press, 1989), p. 3. 2812:, as cited and discussed by Zahi Anbra Zalloua, 2779:Leonardo the Florentine - A Study in Personality 2577: 2575: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 506: 18:Cultural impact of Classical Greek homoeroticism 3786:Hellenism and Homosexuality in Victorian Oxford 3315:Hellenism and Homosexuality in Victorian Oxford 3261:A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2089:, transl. Lucey M. (Duke University Press, 2004 3685:Sex: Vice and Love from Antiquity to Modernity 3349:Same-Sex Desire in Victorian Religious Culture 2901: 2899: 2897: 2861:Moderating Masculinity in Early Modern Culture 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2368:, Chicago University Press (2002), pp. 140–150 2059:Sex: Vice and Love from Antiquity to Modernity 1876:such as honor, devotion, and self-sacrifice. 439: 430: 421: 4056: 3991:History of Homosexuality in Europe, 1919-1939 3332:Re-reading Sappho: Reception and Transmission 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 1906:(1926–1984), perhaps best known for his work 1720: ... was so massive that invocations of 648: 291: 282: 8: 3672:, transl. Lucey M. (Duke University Press). 3416: 3414: 3412: 3291:(University of Chicago Press, 2001), p. 244. 3234:. University of Chicago Press. p. 414. 3078:assumed that "the excellent passion" of the 2939:(Harvard University Press, 2010), pp. 55–56. 469: 453: 305: 5238:Cultural depictions of ancient Greek people 3496:(Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 381. 3437:was later published without attribution in 3200:. University of California Press. pp. 3129:Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia 3002:(Cambridge University Press, 2011), p. 177. 2907:Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia 2835:Homosexuality in French History and Culture 2353:, Walter de Gruyter and Co. (1974), page 75 1648:, in one exchange referring with elaborate 492: 483: 27:Antiquated euphemism for male homosexuality 4747: 4712: 4479: 4082: 4063: 4049: 4041: 3649:. Greek word study on Love. Archived from 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2382:(Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 30. 2099: 2097: 2095: 1749:a potential "homoerotic community" within 1464:, the parodic poem "Juno and Ganymede" by 1047:or behavior, and came to fruition in the " 655: 641: 42: 3494:Henry Sidgwick: An Intellectual Biography 3326:Nancy Sorkin Rabinowitz, introduction to 3223: 3221: 3189: 3187: 3185: 2969:(Stanford University Press, 1996), p. 14 2877:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 2767:Epinomis (Shepheard-Walwyn, 2009), p. 24. 2757:When Philosophers Rule: Ficino on Plato’s 2212:. Wayne State University Press. pp. 2181:(Princeton University Press, 1990), p. 19 680:customs, practices, and attitudes of the 3808:The Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature 3253: 3251: 2755:”, in Arthur Farndell, ed. and transl., 2695:The Columbia anthology of gay literature 2627: 2625: 2623: 2281: 2279: 1793:, a work of what could later be called " 1300:, whose view of love and friendship was 1270:During the Renaissance, artists such as 1249:, Ficino carefully separates the act of 1209:as idealized male love, in keeping with 3946:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3927:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 3904:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 3885:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 3849:. New York: Columbia University Press. 3811:. New York: Columbia University Press. 2777:Taylor, Rachel Annand (15 March 2007). 2488:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992), p. 75. 2310:A Dictionary of the Ancient Greek World 2104:Williams, Craig Arthur (10 June 1999). 2050: 704:toward sexuality, and its influence on 54: 3953:A Problem in Greek Ethics: Paiderastia 3790:. New York: Cornell University Press. 3449:(Duke University Press, 2000), p. 144. 3112:Via a punning allusion to Petronius's 2905:Robert Tobin, "German Literature", in 2848:Montaigne and the Ethics of Skepticism 2814:Montaigne and the Ethics of Skepticism 2697:. Columbia University Press. pp. 2455:, "Roman Attitudes to Greek Love", in 2292:(Harvard University Press, 1978, 1989) 1785:In 1873, the poet and literary critic 1652:to "Hyacinths" who might be struck by 1476:Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg 930:, and courtroom speeches from Athens. 3670:Insult and the Making of the Gay Self 3596:Insult and the Making of the Gay Self 3264:. World Print Ltd. pp. 117–118. 2321:Johnson, Marguerite and Ryan, Terry, 2087:Insult and the Making of the Gay Self 7: 4010:Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome 3420:DeJean, "Sex and Philology", p. 139. 2520:Power and Eroticism in Imperial Rome 2428:Sex in the Ancient World from A to Z 1263:idealized male love as expressed by 5218:LGBTQ history in the United Kingdom 5127:History of LGBT animated characters 4550:Asian and Pacific Islander diaspora 3479:(St. Martin's Press, 2000), p. 148. 3231:The Nature of Love: Plato to Luther 2808:: Montaigne, "De l'amitié" (1580), 2742:(Peter Lang, 2007), p. 178, note 2. 2522:, Cambridge University Press (2007) 2192:Art and the Transitional Object in 2140:Taddeo, Julie Anne (18 July 2002). 2112:. Oxford University Press. p. 3683:Blanshard, Alastair J. L. (2010). 3530:(St. Martin's Press, 2003), p. 40. 3490:The Seduction of the Mediterranean 3351:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), p. 84. 2954:The Seduction of the Mediterranean 2816:(Rockwood Press, 2005), pp. 86–87. 2723:The Seduction of the Mediterranean 2585:. Faber & Faber, London 1985. 2542:. Harvard University Press, 2006. 1640:, "Horatian" was a code word for " 1362:between 1750 and 1850, along with 762:between 1750 and 1850, along with 715:Following the work of philosopher 25: 5243:Ancient Greece in art and culture 3706:. London: Yale University Press. 3526:. See also Douglass Shand-Tucci, 2873:Gustafson, Susan E. (June 2002). 2693:Fone, Byrne R. S. (15 May 1998). 2351:Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus 2208:Gustafson, Susan E. (June 2002). 1213:. Ficino's interpretation of the 829:states that the English nouns "a 5183:Sexuality in classical antiquity 5140: 5139: 5117:Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history 5112:Transgender Oral History Project 3744:Homosexuality & Civilization 3704:Bisexuality in the Ancient World 3317:(Cornell University Press, 1994) 3158:Kaylor, Michael Matthew (2006). 3025:Crow, Thomas E. (20 June 2006). 2935:Entry on "Apollo Belvedere", in 2473:Bisexuality in the Ancient World 1954: 1940: 1926: 1864:presentation of Greek love with 1055:, written in forms adapted from 786:, which was a term of contempt. 201:Passionate and companionate love 5208:LGBTQ themes in Greek mythology 5122:List of LGBTQ awareness periods 4669:Sexual orientation and medicine 3993:. New York: Algora Publishing. 3640:"Definitions [of love]" 2312:(Oxford University Press, 1995) 2007:Homosexuality in Ancient Greece 1808:Symonds studied classics under 1714:ancient pederastic relationship 1051:" of the 50s BCE. The poems of 1043:Romans", as distinguished from 908:to become his cupbearer in the 796:Homosexuality in ancient Greece 684:. It was frequently used as a 3568:Oscar Wilde: A Life in Letters 2539:Homosexuality and Civilization 2128:Greek love is a modern phrase. 1561:. In Germany, the prestige of 1111:. Attacks on emperors such as 977:their ethnic origin; the boys 700:of classical Greek culture on 1: 4012:. Cambridge University Press. 3725:. London: Faber & Faber. 3566:Holland, Merlin, ed. (2006). 3197:Shelley on love: an anthology 2837:(Haworth Press, 2001), p. 14. 2272:. Haworth Press. p. 436. 2012:Homosexuality in Ancient Rome 1890:During his relationship with 1797:", inspired by the poetry of 944:Homosexuality in ancient Rome 672:is a term originally used by 4490:List of years in LGBT rights 3830:. London: Penguin Classics. 3621:word search results for love 3445:(1897); see Eric O. Clarke, 3119:("full and to-be-wished-for 3086:'s praise of pederasty, and 2924:Winckelmann: Writings on Art 2909:(Taylor & Francis, 2000) 2721:See Plato's works; Aldrich, 2683:(Haworth Press, 2005), p. 9. 2325:(Routledge, 2005), pp. 3–4; 2240:. In Petrilli, Susan (ed.). 2002:History of erotic depictions 1847:. Symonds was influenced by 1471:A Year in Arcadia: Kyllenion 1193:on Plato, Ficino interprets 837:" have no equivalent in the 5228:Sexuality in ancient Greece 4402:at Brigham Young University 4025:. Oxford University Press. 4017:Williams, Craig A. (1999). 3970:Taddeo, Julie Anne (2002). 3881:Outing Goethe & His Age 3864:Halperin, David M. (1990). 3554:Art and Transitional Object 3475:, p. 59, and Anne Hermann, 3473:Art and Transitional Object 2486:The Fragmentary Latin Poets 2028:Pederasty in ancient Greece 2019:– Greek words for knowledge 1892:Lord Alfred “Bosie” Douglas 900:, most notably the myth of 810:Zeus carrying away Ganymede 800:Pederasty in ancient Greece 5259: 3989:Tamagne, Florence (2004). 3826:Gill, Christopher (1999). 3767:. New York: Random House. 3628:"8 Greek phrases for love" 3524:A Problem in Sexual Ethics 3117:plenum et optabilem coitum 3082:was chaste. Potter echoes 2415:Slavery in the Roman World 2236:Buchbinder, David (2003). 2057:Blanshard, Alastair J. L. 1883: 1610:Harmodius and Aristogeiton 1445:The idealization of Greek 1358:("Greek love") appears in 1350:as embodying a Greek ideal 1157:asexual and heterosexual. 1134: 941: 793: 758:("Greek love") appears in 725:homosexual rights movement 676:to describe the primarily 543:Color wheel theory of love 216:Queerplatonic relationship 156:Interpersonal relationship 29: 5203:LGBTQ themes in mythology 5188:Sexuality in ancient Rome 5135: 3955:. City: Forgotten Books. 3900:Maccarthy, Fiona (2004). 3845:Haggerty, George (1999). 3522:, p. 7, quoting Symonds, 3435:A Problem in Greek Ethics 2967:Outing Goethe and His Age 2781:. Kiefer Press. pp. 2459:31.4 (1982), pp. 484–502. 2430:(Routledge, 2005), p. 38. 1886:Oscar Wilde § Trials 1791:A Problem in Greek Ethics 1763:Richard St. John Tyrwhitt 1573:when translations of the 948:Sexuality in ancient Rome 883:within a military setting 627:Triangular theory of love 4545:South Asian and diaspora 3942:Reeser, Todd W. (2016). 3919:Posner, Richard (1992). 3763:Davidson, James (2007). 3740:Crompton, Louis (2003). 3721:Crompton, Louis (1985). 3702:Cantarella, Eva (1992). 3194:Holmes, Richard (1980). 3146:The Platonism of Shelley 2973:. See also Potts, Alex, 2242:Translation, Translation 2146:. Routledge; 1 edition. 1909:The History of Sexuality 1880:The trial of Oscar Wilde 1773:Symonds and Greek ethics 1466:Christoph Martin Wieland 1025:Quintus Lutatius Catulus 859:, the passive lover, or 790:Ancient Greek background 553:Biology of romantic love 151:Interpersonal attraction 30:Not to be confused with 5233:LGBTQ history in Greece 5173:Philosophy of sexuality 5093:GLBT Historical Society 4875:Spanish Second Republic 4008:Vout, Caroline (2007). 3974:. New York: Routledge. 3877:Kuzniar, Alice (1996). 3782:Dowling, Linda (1994). 3379:The Contemporary Review 3258:Woods, Gregory (1998). 3228:Singer, Irving (2009). 2937:The Classical Tradition 2635:(Routledge, 1989, 1994) 2198:(Ashgate, 2008), p. 59. 2061:(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) 1898:20th and 21st centuries 1814:Balliol College, Oxford 1431:ancient Greek sculpture 1390:, "I am transported to 1053:Gaius Valerius Catullus 622:Physical attractiveness 408: 399: 390: 381: 372: 363: 354: 345: 336: 327: 4855:Medieval Islamic world 3951:Symonds, John (2007). 3902:Byron: Life and Legend 3520:Citizen, Invert, Queer 3140:Crompton's summary in 3076:Archbishop John Potter 3000:: Theatre of Modernity 2609:to Cesare Trevisani's 2335:The Woman and the Lyre 1934:Human sexuality portal 1874:Victorian moral values 1861:Achilles and Patroclus 1787:John Addington Symonds 1782: 1746:John Addington Symonds 1680: 1511: 1462:Alexander von Humboldt 1453: 1438:"cult of friendship". 1366:("Socratic love") and 1351: 1149: 865:Martin Litchfield West 839:ancient Greek language 818: 766:("Socratic love") and 507: 493: 484: 470: 454: 440: 431: 422: 306: 292: 283: 68: 67:Red-outline heart icon 4885:Democratic transition 3828:The Symposium (Plato) 3471:As quoted by Pulham, 3072:Antiquities of Greece 2196:'s Supernatural Tales 1884:Further information: 1780: 1702:Shakespeare's sonnets 1698:not treated as equals 1673:The Death of Hyacinth 1670: 1505: 1444: 1421:Winckelmann inspired 1414:" for Greek love, "a 1345: 1144: 1107:to serve as a divine 821:In his classic study 807: 66: 4679:in the United States 4555:African and diaspora 3872:. London: Routledge. 3805:Fone, Byrne (1998). 3656:on 27 November 2014. 3347:Frederick S. Roden, 3142:Byron and Greek Love 3125:Byron and Greek Love 3070:, pp. 97–97. In his 3068:Byron and Greek Love 3055:Byron and Greek Love 2922:, pp. 87–88, citing 2920:Byron and Greek Love 2443:13.2 (1980), p. 288. 1997:Greek words for love 1482:French Neoclassicism 1346:Winckelmann saw the 702:historical attitudes 607:Mere-exposure effect 36:Greek words for love 5106:Transgender History 4900:Zapatero government 4890:González government 3360:Richard Dellamora, 2965:Kuzniar, Alice A., 2413:Joshel, Sandra R., 2364:The Sleep of Reason 2290:Greek Homosexuality 2017:Intellectual virtue 1976:Diotima of Mantinea 1849:Karl Otfried Müller 1755:Arthur Henry Hallam 1563:classical philology 1508:Acropolis of Athens 1498:English Romanticism 1488:Jacques-Louis David 1449:culture in David's 1087:he would enact the 1031:fashionable in the 881:was its occurrence 823:Greek Homosexuality 776:early Modern period 176:Love at first sight 5168:Philosophy of love 5088:LGBT History Month 4723:Conversion therapy 4362:Dominican Republic 3632:Author Joanne Reed 3613:"English-to-Greek" 2631:Berry, Phillippa. 2484:Courtney, Edward, 2190:Pulham, Patricia, 2177:, introduction to 2167:Halperin, David M. 1783: 1681: 1512: 1454: 1379:Johann Winckelmann 1352: 1294:French Renaissance 1205:("Socratic love") 1150: 1089:Greek mythological 1045:sexual orientation 819: 240:Unconditional love 97:Compassionate love 69: 5198:LGBTQ terminology 5178:LGBTQ and society 5155: 5154: 5099:Queers in History 5076: 5075: 4920: 4919: 4704: 4703: 4674:Same-sex marriage 4469: 4468: 4032:978-0-19-511300-6 4000:978-0-87586-356-6 3981:978-1-56023-359-6 3962:978-1-60506-389-8 3934:978-0-674-80280-3 3911:978-0-374-52930-7 3892:978-0-8047-2615-3 3856:978-0-231-11043-3 3837:978-0-140-44927-3 3818:978-0-231-09670-6 3797:978-0-801-48170-3 3774:978-0-375-50516-4 3755:978-0-674-02233-1 3732:978-0-571-13597-4 3713:978-0-300-04844-5 3694:978-1-4051-2291-7 3678:978-0-822-33371-5 3634:. 27 August 2019. 3594:Eriobon, Didier. 3285:Jonathan Ned Katz 3271:978-0-300-08088-9 3241:978-0-262-51272-5 3040:978-0-300-11739-4 3015:, pp. 11, 32, 44. 2887:978-0-8143-3029-6 2792:978-1-4067-2927-6 2708:978-0-231-09670-6 2670:(Routledge, 1993) 2591:978-0-571-13597-4 2581:Crompton, Louis. 2548:978-0-674-02233-1 2536:Crompton, Louis. 2453:MacMullen, Ramsay 2426:Younger, John G. 2286:Dover, Kenneth J. 2175:Zeitlin, Froma I. 2153:978-1-56023-359-6 2123:978-0-19-511300-6 1870:chivalrous values 1751:Anglo-Catholicism 1730:classical studies 1510:in the background 1492:Death of Socrates 1458:Christoph Meiners 1451:Death of Socrates 1368:platonische Liebe 1364:socratische Liebe 1360:German literature 1356:griechische Liebe 1310:political liberty 1292:By contrast, the 1287:Tommaso Cavalieri 1272:Leonardo da Vinci 1029:Hellenistic poems 985:to whom the poet 768:platonische Liebe 764:socratische Liebe 760:German literature 756:griechische Liebe 665: 664: 16:(Redirected from 5250: 5193:LGBTQ literature 5143: 5142: 5067: 4987: 4965: 4895:Aznar government 4863: 4849: 4837: 4748: 4713: 4480: 4387:before Stonewall 4293: 4083: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4042: 4036: 4024: 4013: 4004: 3985: 3966: 3947: 3938: 3926: 3915: 3896: 3884: 3873: 3871: 3860: 3841: 3822: 3801: 3789: 3778: 3759: 3747: 3736: 3717: 3698: 3657: 3655: 3647:mbcarlington.com 3644: 3635: 3623: 3599: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3550: 3544: 3537: 3531: 3516: 3510: 3503: 3497: 3486: 3480: 3469: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3443:Sexual Inversion 3427: 3421: 3418: 3407: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3375: 3369: 3358: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3313:Dowling, Linda. 3311: 3292: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3255: 3246: 3245: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3191: 3180: 3179: 3155: 3149: 3138: 3132: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3092:Cretan pederasty 3064: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3044: 3022: 3016: 3013:Men Desiring Men 3009: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2963: 2957: 2946: 2940: 2933: 2927: 2916: 2910: 2903: 2892: 2891: 2875:Men desiring men 2870: 2864: 2859:Todd W. Reeser, 2857: 2851: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2823: 2817: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2774: 2768: 2749: 2743: 2732: 2726: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2690: 2684: 2677: 2671: 2659: 2636: 2629: 2618: 2599: 2593: 2579: 2550: 2534: 2523: 2513: 2502: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2476: 2466: 2460: 2450: 2444: 2437: 2431: 2424: 2418: 2411: 2405: 2398: 2383: 2376: 2370: 2360: 2354: 2344: 2338: 2319: 2313: 2306: 2293: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2210:Men desiring men 2205: 2199: 2188: 2182: 2171:Winkler, John J. 2164: 2158: 2157: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2111: 2101: 2090: 2083: 2062: 2055: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1944: 1943: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1388:Apollo Belvedere 1354:The German term 1348:Apollo Belvedere 1338:German Hellenism 1014:Greek literature 992: 970:classical Greece 754:The German term 657: 650: 643: 522:Mamihlapinatapai 512: 498: 489: 475: 459: 445: 436: 427: 413: 404: 395: 386: 377: 368: 359: 350: 341: 332: 311: 297: 288: 43: 21: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5131: 5072: 5061: 5035: 5012: 4981: 4959: 4943: 4916: 4880:Francoist Spain 4857: 4843: 4831: 4815: 4794: 4790:Medieval Europe 4737: 4733:Same-sex unions 4700: 4647: 4631:Catholic Church 4614: 4559: 4533: 4465: 4434: 4408: 4335: 4287: 4188: 4112: 4074: 4069: 4039: 4033: 4016: 4007: 4001: 3988: 3982: 3969: 3963: 3950: 3941: 3935: 3918: 3912: 3899: 3893: 3876: 3863: 3857: 3844: 3838: 3825: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3781: 3775: 3762: 3756: 3739: 3733: 3720: 3714: 3701: 3695: 3682: 3664: 3653: 3642: 3638: 3626: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3602: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3534: 3517: 3513: 3504: 3500: 3487: 3483: 3470: 3466: 3457: 3453: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3376: 3372: 3359: 3355: 3346: 3342: 3325: 3321: 3312: 3295: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3257: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3227: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3193: 3192: 3183: 3176: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3139: 3135: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3065: 3061: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3024: 3023: 3019: 3010: 3006: 2989: 2985: 2964: 2960: 2947: 2943: 2934: 2930: 2917: 2913: 2904: 2895: 2888: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2858: 2854: 2845: 2841: 2830: 2824: 2820: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2750: 2746: 2733: 2729: 2720: 2716: 2709: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2678: 2674: 2662:Aldrich, Robert 2660: 2639: 2630: 2621: 2600: 2596: 2580: 2553: 2535: 2526: 2514: 2505: 2496: 2492: 2483: 2479: 2469:Cantarella, Eva 2467: 2463: 2451: 2447: 2438: 2434: 2425: 2421: 2412: 2408: 2399: 2386: 2377: 2373: 2361: 2357: 2345: 2341: 2320: 2316: 2307: 2296: 2284: 2277: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2252: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2189: 2185: 2165: 2161: 2154: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2103: 2102: 2093: 2084: 2065: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2042: 1960: 1955: 1953: 1946: 1941: 1939: 1932: 1925: 1922: 1904:Michel Foucault 1900: 1888: 1882: 1851:'s work on the 1810:Benjamin Jowett 1775: 1728:in relation to 1710: 1591:Floyer Sydenham 1500: 1484: 1340: 1335: 1327:licence grecque 1318:licence grecque 1314:licence grecque 1221:, required the 1211:Church doctrine 1203:amor socraticus 1195:amor platonicus 1168:Marsilio Ficino 1146:Marsilio Ficino 1139: 1133: 990: 950: 940: 915:. The death of 802: 794:Main articles: 792: 745:quotation marks 741:Lytton Strachey 735:As a phrase in 733: 717:Michel Foucault 661: 632: 631: 595:Religious views 585:Valentine's Day 573:in Christianity 538: 530: 529: 258: 250: 249: 245:Unrequited love 124:Falling in love 77: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5256: 5254: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5136: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5090: 5084: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5070: 5069: 5068: 5056: 5045: 5043: 5041:Cross-dressing 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5008: 4998: 4996:United Kingdom 4993: 4988: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4953: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4930: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4869: 4864: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4825: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4786: 4785: 4780: 4773:Ancient Greece 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4719: 4717: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4622: 4620: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4610: 4600: 4599: 4598: 4591:United Kingdom 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4502:Firsts by year 4499: 4498: 4497: 4486: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4464: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4319:United Kingdom 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4295: 4294: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4205:Czech Republic 4202: 4196: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4045: 4038: 4037: 4031: 4014: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3967: 3961: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3923:Sex and Reason 3916: 3910: 3897: 3891: 3874: 3861: 3855: 3842: 3836: 3823: 3817: 3802: 3796: 3779: 3773: 3760: 3754: 3737: 3731: 3718: 3712: 3699: 3693: 3680: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3659: 3658: 3636: 3624: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3600: 3587: 3573: 3558: 3545: 3532: 3511: 3509:, pp. 243–244. 3498: 3481: 3464: 3451: 3439:Havelock Ellis 3422: 3408: 3395: 3386: 3370: 3353: 3340: 3319: 3293: 3277: 3270: 3247: 3240: 3217: 3210: 3181: 3174: 3150: 3133: 3123:"); Crompton, 3105: 3096: 3090:'s account of 3059: 3046: 3039: 3017: 3004: 2983: 2958: 2941: 2928: 2911: 2893: 2886: 2865: 2852: 2839: 2818: 2798: 2791: 2769: 2744: 2727: 2714: 2707: 2685: 2672: 2637: 2619: 2607:Sopra Lo Amore 2594: 2551: 2524: 2503: 2490: 2477: 2461: 2445: 2432: 2419: 2406: 2384: 2371: 2355: 2339: 2327:Anne L. Klinck 2314: 2308:Sacks, David, 2294: 2275: 2257: 2250: 2228: 2222:978-0814330296 2221: 2200: 2183: 2159: 2152: 2132: 2122: 2091: 2063: 2049: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2040: 2038:Uranian poetry 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1999: 1994: 1987:The Four Loves 1983: 1978: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1951: 1937: 1921: 1918: 1899: 1896: 1881: 1878: 1774: 1771: 1767:studying Greek 1709: 1706: 1544:Jeremy Bentham 1499: 1496: 1483: 1480: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1219:self-knowledge 1132: 1129: 1078:puer delicatus 1069:puer delicatus 939: 936: 932:Vase paintings 885:, as with the 791: 788: 737:Modern English 732: 731:Historic terms 729: 682:ancient Greeks 663: 662: 660: 659: 652: 645: 637: 634: 633: 630: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 603: 602: 592: 587: 582: 577: 576: 575: 565: 563:Love of Christ 560: 555: 550: 545: 539: 536: 535: 532: 531: 528: 527: 526: 525: 515: 514: 513: 501: 500: 499: 490: 478: 477: 476: 462: 461: 460: 448: 447: 446: 437: 428: 416: 415: 414: 405: 396: 387: 378: 369: 360: 351: 342: 333: 324: 322:words for love 314: 313: 312: 300: 299: 298: 289: 277: 272: 271: 270: 259: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 237: 236: 235: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 171:Love addiction 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 147: 146: 141: 136: 126: 121: 120: 119: 114: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 78: 75: 74: 71: 70: 59: 58: 52: 51: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5255: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5148: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5134: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5079: 5065: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5051: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5038: 5032: 5031:United States 5029: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5007: 5006:legal history 5004: 5003: 5002: 5001:United States 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4985: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4934:United States 4932: 4931: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4907:United States 4905: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4853: 4847: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4835: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4811:United States 4809: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4778:in militaries 4776: 4775: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4758:Ancient Egypt 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Homosexuality 4740: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4609: 4608:New York City 4606: 4605: 4604: 4603:United States 4601: 4597: 4594: 4593: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4581:South African 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439:South America 4437: 4431: 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4382:United States 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340:North America 4338: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4072:LGBTQ history 4066: 4061: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4047: 4046: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4023: 4022: 4015: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3925: 3924: 3917: 3913: 3907: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3875: 3870: 3869: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3788: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3724: 3719: 3715: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3539:Cole, Sarah. 3536: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3377:Published in 3374: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3273: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3254: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3213: 3211:0-520-04322-7 3207: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3175:80-210-4126-9 3171: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3074:(1697–1699), 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2962: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2883: 2879: 2876: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2853: 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2204: 2201: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2051: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962:Greece portal 1952: 1949: 1938: 1935: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1887: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1823: 1822:Platonic love 1819: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1779: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:Victorian era 1723: 1719: 1715: 1708:Victorian era 1707: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1571:Victorian era 1567: 1564: 1560: 1559:the Continent 1557:attitudes on 1556: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1530:. During the 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1509: 1504: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1481: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1396:sacred groves 1393: 1389: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1376:art historian 1373: 1372:Platonic love 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1349: 1344: 1337: 1333:Neoclassicism 1332: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1261:Christianized 1258: 1257: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1230: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1207:allegorically 1204: 1200: 1199:Platonic love 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1170:reintroduced 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160:In 1469, the 1158: 1155: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1137:Platonic love 1130: 1128: 1126: 1125:literary game 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1085: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1070: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1037:Hellenization 1034: 1033:late Republic 1030: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1008: 1007: 1006:Lex Scantinia 1002: 1001: 994: 988: 984: 982: 975: 971: 967: 963: 962:mos Graecorum 959: 955: 949: 945: 937: 935: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 914: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 890: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 857: 852: 851: 846: 845: 840: 836: 832: 828: 827:Kenneth Dover 824: 816: 812: 811: 806: 801: 797: 789: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772:Platonic love 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 730: 728: 726: 722: 718: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 690:homosexuality 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670: 658: 653: 651: 646: 644: 639: 638: 636: 635: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 601: 598: 597: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 574: 571: 570: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 540: 534: 533: 524: 523: 519: 518: 516: 511: 510: 505: 504: 502: 497: 496: 491: 488: 487: 482: 481: 479: 474: 473: 468: 467: 466: 463: 458: 457: 452: 451: 449: 444: 443: 438: 435: 434: 429: 426: 425: 420: 419: 417: 412: 411: 406: 403: 402: 397: 394: 393: 388: 385: 384: 379: 376: 375: 370: 367: 366: 361: 358: 357: 352: 349: 348: 343: 340: 339: 334: 331: 330: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 315: 310: 309: 304: 303: 301: 296: 295: 290: 287: 286: 281: 280: 278: 276: 273: 269: 266: 265: 264: 261: 260: 254: 253: 246: 243: 241: 238: 234: 233: 229: 228: 227: 224: 222: 219: 217: 214: 212: 209: 207: 206:Platonic love 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 181:Love triangle 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 131: 130: 127: 125: 122: 118: 115: 113: 110: 109: 108: 105: 103: 102:Conjugal love 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 79: 76:Types of love 73: 72: 65: 61: 60: 57: 53: 49: 45: 44: 41: 37: 33: 32:Philhellenism 19: 5144: 5104: 5097: 4991:Nazi Germany 4867:Nazi Germany 4806:Nazi Germany 4768:Ancient Peru 4763:Ancient Rome 4728:LGBT erasure 4020: 4009: 3990: 3971: 3952: 3943: 3922: 3901: 3880: 3867: 3846: 3827: 3807: 3785: 3764: 3743: 3722: 3703: 3684: 3669: 3662:Bibliography 3651:the original 3646: 3631: 3620: 3616: 3595: 3590: 3576: 3567: 3561: 3553: 3548: 3540: 3535: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3514: 3507:Love Stories 3506: 3501: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3460:Love Stories 3459: 3454: 3446: 3442: 3434: 3431:Love Stories 3430: 3425: 3404:Love Stories 3403: 3398: 3389: 3383:pp. 552–566. 3378: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3348: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3322: 3314: 3288: 3280: 3260: 3230: 3196: 3160: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3113: 3108: 3099: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3054: 3049: 3026: 3020: 3012: 3007: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2936: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2914: 2906: 2874: 2868: 2860: 2855: 2847: 2842: 2834: 2826: 2821: 2813: 2805: 2801: 2778: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2722: 2717: 2694: 2688: 2680: 2675: 2665: 2632: 2614: 2613:(1569)", in 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2582: 2537: 2519: 2498: 2493: 2485: 2480: 2472: 2464: 2456: 2448: 2440: 2435: 2427: 2422: 2414: 2409: 2402:Art Bulletin 2401: 2379: 2374: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2350: 2342: 2334: 2330: 2322: 2317: 2309: 2289: 2269: 2260: 2241: 2231: 2209: 2203: 2191: 2186: 2178: 2162: 2142: 2135: 2127: 2107: 2086: 2058: 2053: 2033:Sapphic love 1985: 1948:LGBTQ portal 1914:essentialist 1907: 1901: 1889: 1837: 1828: 1826: 1817: 1807: 1803:philological 1799:Walt Whitman 1790: 1784: 1759: 1738:Walter Pater 1732:and "manly" 1711: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1671: 1594: 1586: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1552: 1513: 1491: 1485: 1469: 1455: 1450: 1423:German poets 1420: 1367: 1363: 1355: 1353: 1347: 1326: 1317: 1313: 1291: 1280: 1276:Michelangelo 1269: 1254: 1246: 1236: 1234: 1228: 1214: 1202: 1194: 1182: 1178: 1173: 1165:Neoplatonist 1159: 1151: 1082: 1077: 1074:Imperial era 1067: 1065: 1060: 1057:Greek meters 1041:philhellenic 1011: 1004: 998: 995: 978: 974:paiderasteia 973: 961: 958:mos Graeciae 957: 951: 938:Ancient Rome 921: 898:paiderasteia 897: 891: 869: 860: 854: 848: 844:paiderasteia 842: 835:heterosexual 822: 820: 815:Late Archaic 808: 767: 763: 755: 753: 734: 714: 710:intellectual 708:and various 668: 667: 666: 612:Sacred Heart 600:love deities 520: 316: 308:Amour-propre 257:Social views 232:Amour de soi 230: 186:Lovesickness 107:Courtly love 92:Broken heart 40: 5213:Gay history 5062: [ 4982: [ 4960: [ 4949:Transgender 4926:Bisexuality 4858: [ 4844: [ 4832: [ 4696:Transgender 4430:New Zealand 4314:Switzerland 4288: [ 4255:Netherlands 4169:South Korea 3847:Men in Love 3381:29 (1877), 3080:Theban Band 3011:Gustafson, 2404:81.1 (1999) 2347:West, M. L. 2266:Hekma, Gert 1992:C. S. Lewis 1912:, rejected 1845:Aristodemus 1841:Callicrates 1795:gay history 1742:Oscar Wilde 1734:nationalism 1616:'s beloved 1548:Theban Band 1532:Regency era 1520:Romanticism 1518:of English 1306:rationalist 1223:sublimation 1187:Renaissance 1131:Renaissance 1000:mos maiorum 904:kidnapping 894:Greek myths 887:Theban Band 817:terracotta) 721:gay culture 712:movements. 674:classicists 568:Love of God 558:Love letter 548:Bhakti yoga 503:Portuguese 117:troubadours 5223:Euphemisms 5162:Categories 4841:immigrants 4751:Pre-modern 4659:Journalism 4596:Manchester 4331:Yugoslavia 4124:Bangladesh 4079:By regions 3433:, p. 244. 3114:Satyricon, 3066:Crompton, 3053:Crompton, 2918:Crompton, 2810:187a and c 2251:9042009470 2194:Vernon Lee 2045:References 1718:Victorians 1684:wrote his 1606:Hyacinthus 1555:homophobic 1447:homosocial 1436:homosocial 1191:commentary 1135:See also: 1117:Elagabalus 1049:new poetry 942:See also: 917:Hyacinthus 875:literature 831:homosexual 678:homoerotic 669:Greek love 617:Similarity 590:Philosophy 580:Love magic 275:Patriotism 211:Puppy love 191:Lovestruck 129:Friendship 4957:Argentina 4783:pederasty 4626:Christian 4619:Religious 4483:By period 4475:Timelines 4446:Argentina 4420:Australia 4164:Singapore 3488:Aldrich, 3462:, p. 262. 3366:et passim 3084:Athenaeus 3027:Emulation 2971:et passim 2846:Zalloua, 2611:L'impresa 2023:Pederasty 1866:Christian 1818:Symposium 1722:Hellenism 1694:Symposium 1690:Symposium 1678:Jean Broc 1646:allusions 1638:Cambridge 1634:Petronius 1587:Symposium 1576:Symposium 1536:Victorian 1416:semantics 1408:Pygmalion 1384:Greek art 1298:Montaigne 1296:essayist 1247:Symposium 1229:Charmides 1227:dialogue 1215:Symposium 1189:. In his 1183:Symposium 1174:Symposium 1154:Christian 1109:cupbearer 1084:convivium 1061:Iuventius 913:symposium 871:Greek art 833:" and "a 749:pederasty 698:reception 694:pederasty 688:for both 686:euphemism 365:Philautia 268:Free love 263:Anarchist 226:Self-love 166:Limerence 134:cross-sex 112:courtship 82:Affection 5146:Category 5018:Intersex 4821:Lesbians 4709:By topic 4686:Intersex 4664:Policing 4571:Canadian 4513:Century 4392:violence 4367:Honduras 4324:violence 4285:violence 4270:Portugal 4179:Thailand 4159:Pakistan 3552:Pulham, 3518:Cohler, 2996:Goethe's 2992:Faust II 2956:, p. 51. 2759:Republic 2753:Republic 2603:De Amore 2457:Historia 2441:Arethusa 2268:(1989). 1971:Catamite 1920:See also 1833:Arcadian 1829:Eudiades 1642:bisexual 1622:Catullus 1618:Antinous 1602:Ganymede 1596:eromenos 1582:Phaedrus 1402:—places 1394:and the 1302:humanist 1265:Socrates 1256:Republic 1242:eromenos 1179:De Amore 1172:Plato's 1101:abducted 1093:Ganymede 1091:role of 928:Xenophon 910:Olympian 906:Ganymede 856:eromenos 537:Concepts 450:Islamic 279:Chinese 161:Intimacy 139:romantic 48:a series 46:Part of 5081:Related 5026:Surgery 4974:Finland 4939:Erasure 4912:Erasure 4799:Gay men 4716:General 4691:Asexual 4652:Topical 4576:Germany 4413:Oceania 4372:Jamaica 4347:Bahamas 4275:Romania 4240:Ireland 4235:Hungary 4225:Germany 4215:Finland 4210:Denmark 4200:Belgium 3617:Perseus 3606:Sources 2736:Maurice 2516:Vout C. 1853:Dorians 1614:Hadrian 1528:Shelley 1238:erastes 1201:") and 1162:Italian 987:Martial 966:Archaic 850:erastēs 517:Yaghan 509:Saudade 495:Caritas 418:Indian 302:French 294:Yuanfen 221:Romance 196:Passion 87:Bonding 5059:France 5054:Africa 4979:France 4969:Brazil 4871:Spain 4829:France 4643:Mormon 4638:Jewish 4586:Turkey 4564:Region 4538:Ethnic 4451:Brazil 4397:places 4377:Mexico 4352:Canada 4309:Sweden 4299:Serbia 4280:Russia 4265:Poland 4260:Norway 4250:Latvia 4230:Greece 4220:France 4193:Europe 4184:Turkey 4174:Taiwan 4149:Israel 4108:Uganda 4086:Africa 4029: 3997: 3978: 3959: 3931: 3908: 3889: 3853: 3834: 3815: 3794: 3771: 3752: 3729: 3710: 3691: 3676: 3505:Katz, 3458:Katz, 3429:Katz, 3402:Katz, 3268: 3238: 3208: 3172: 3121:coitus 3088:Strabo 3037: 2994:", in 2884: 2789: 2738:", in 2705: 2589: 2546: 2248: 2219: 2173:, and 2150: 2120: 1789:wrote 1744:, and 1662:Apollo 1658:discus 1632:, and 1630:Virgil 1626:Horace 1612:, and 1468:, and 1427:Goethe 1412:tropes 1404:Apollo 1251:sodomy 1099:youth 1097:Trojan 1095:, the 1076:. The 1022:consul 784:sodomy 480:Latin 472:Chesed 465:Jewish 442:Maitrī 433:Bhakti 401:Storgḗ 392:Pragma 383:Philos 374:Philia 5066:] 4986:] 4964:] 4862:] 4848:] 4836:] 4507:2010s 4495:table 4456:Chile 4425:Nauru 4304:Spain 4292:] 4245:Italy 4154:Nepal 4134:India 4129:China 4103:Sudan 4098:Niger 4093:Kenya 3654:(PDF) 3643:(PDF) 3202:95–98 2998:Faust 2765:, and 1660:with 1654:coits 1524:Byron 1516:poets 1400:Lycia 1392:Delos 1323:trope 1282:David 1121:topos 981:pueri 954:Latin 924:Plato 892:Some 410:Xenia 356:Mania 347:Ludus 329:Agape 317:Greek 5049:Drag 4527:21st 4522:20th 4517:19th 4461:Peru 4357:Cuba 4144:Iraq 4139:Iran 4117:Asia 4027:ISBN 3995:ISBN 3976:ISBN 3957:ISBN 3929:ISBN 3906:ISBN 3887:ISBN 3851:ISBN 3832:ISBN 3813:ISBN 3792:ISBN 3769:ISBN 3750:ISBN 3727:ISBN 3708:ISBN 3689:ISBN 3674:ISBN 3266:ISBN 3236:ISBN 3206:ISBN 3170:ISBN 3035:ISBN 2882:ISBN 2787:ISBN 2763:Laws 2703:ISBN 2605:and 2587:ISBN 2544:ISBN 2246:ISBN 2217:ISBN 2148:ISBN 2118:ISBN 1981:Eros 1868:and 1650:puns 1604:and 1579:and 1526:and 1460:and 1304:and 1274:and 1115:and 1113:Nero 1105:Zeus 1016:and 968:and 946:and 926:and 902:Zeus 879:eros 873:and 861:pais 798:and 780:eros 692:and 486:Amor 456:Ishq 424:Kama 338:Eros 144:zone 56:Love 3441:'s 2699:131 1990:by 1812:at 1540:gay 1490:'s 1398:of 1123:or 1103:by 1018:art 960:or 952:In 727:." 706:art 285:Ren 34:or 5164:: 5064:fr 4984:fr 4962:es 4860:fr 4846:fr 4834:fr 4290:ru 3645:. 3630:. 3619:. 3615:. 3411:^ 3296:^ 3287:, 3250:^ 3220:^ 3204:. 3184:^ 3168:. 3166:58 3033:. 3031:99 2896:^ 2880:. 2785:. 2701:. 2664:. 2640:^ 2622:^ 2554:^ 2527:^ 2518:, 2506:^ 2471:, 2387:^ 2297:^ 2288:, 2278:^ 2244:. 2215:. 2169:, 2126:. 2116:. 2114:72 2094:^ 2066:^ 1757:. 1740:, 1664:. 1628:, 1624:, 1522:, 1478:. 1370:(" 1289:. 1267:. 1197:(" 972:, 956:, 825:, 770:(" 743:; 50:on 4064:e 4057:t 4050:v 4035:. 4003:. 3984:. 3965:. 3937:. 3914:. 3895:. 3859:. 3840:. 3821:. 3800:. 3777:. 3758:. 3735:. 3716:. 3697:. 3584:. 3368:. 3274:. 3244:. 3214:. 3178:. 3094:. 3043:. 2890:. 2831:" 2795:. 2761:, 2711:. 2349:, 2254:. 2225:. 2156:. 1240:/ 991:' 983:) 979:( 813:( 656:e 649:t 642:v 38:. 20:)

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