855:
1007:, a real Iraqi cinema began. Supported by British and French financiers, movie production companies established themselves in Baghdad. The Baghdad Studio was established in 1948, but soon came apart when tensions between the Arab and Jewish founders flared up. For the most part, the product was purely commercial, fluffy romances with plenty of singing and dancing often set in small villages. The World of Arts (Dunyat Alfann) studio, which was founded by actors, reached for more serious fare. In 1955, they produced Haidar Al-Omar's Fitna wa Hassan, an Iraqi retelling of Romeo and Juliet, that received international attention. But for the most part, the strong-fist rule of the state discouraged any socially relevant films. In 1959 when King Faisel II's government was overthrown, the Cinema and Theater General organization came into existence with the purpose of promoting the political goals of the new regime both in documentaries and features. Typical were documentaries like the 1969 Al Maghishi Project, which showcased the government's irrigation campaigns and the 1967 A Wedding in Heaven, which celebrates the air force and their weapons system. The 1968 revolution that put the Ba'ath party in power further solidified the government's control of film material, and the state's need to make all films validate its power.
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645:
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celebrating
Hussein's rule. In 1981, the government commissioned Egyptian filmmaker Salah Abouseif to make Al-Qadisiya, a period epic recounting the triumph of the Arabs over the Persians in 636 AD. Likewise Mohamed Shukri Jameel's melodramatic The Great Question (al-Mas' Ala Al-Kubra) cast British actor Oliver Reed as the vicious Lt-Col Gerard Leachman who is righteously killed in the 1920 Iraqi revolution. In 1980 Hussein promoted his own mythology with the autobiographical 6-hour epic The Long Days (al-Ayyam al-tawila), the saga of Hussein's participation in the 1958 failed assassination attempt on Prime Minister
1209:
973:. No architectural profession existed in Mesopotamia; however, scribes drafted and managed construction for the government, nobility, or royalty. The local architecture of Iraq was often based on vernacular architecture inherited from one generation to the next. Since the Iraqi society is composed of multicultural social groups with different architectural heritage, therefore, old Iraqi cities have several types architecture and urban forms.
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1015:, and his subsequent heroic escape back to Tikrit. The film was edited and partially directed by Terence Young, the British director who made his name helming the early James Bond films Dr. No and Thunderball (film). Hussein is played by Saddam Kamel, a cousin and son-in-law of Hussein's, who eventually ran afoul of the dictator and was murdered in 1996. After Iraq
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1042:
1184:
37:
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International
Festival is promoting arts including dance and music, hosting thousands of Iraqi visitors. It experienced a break of 19 years, since the American invasion, but was organized again since 2021. The international event founded in 1987, gathers artists coming from all around the world. In
284:
and many more fields. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups who have contributed to the wide spectrum of the Iraqi
Culture. The country is known for its poets، architects، painters and sculptors who are among the best in the region, some of them being world-class. The country has one of the longest
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who have contributed to the wide spectrum of Iraqi
Culture. Many markets reflect local culture and economy such as the famous Al-Safafeer market in Baghdad which is one of the oldest markets in the city established during the Abbasid Caliphate and remains famous for various copper collectables and
1086:
is the most well known sport in Iraq. The Iraq national football team were the 2007 AFC Asian Cup
Champions after defeating Saudi Arabia in the final, held in Jakarta, Indonesia. In 2006, Iraq reached the football final of the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, after defeating former FIFA World Cup
1002:
While Iraq's first film projection took place in 1909, cinema was not truly regarded as a cultural activity or pastime until the 1920s. The first cinemas, like the famous al-Zawra cinema on
Baghdad's bustling thoroughfare al-Rashid, played mostly American silent films for British citizens. In the
1010:
Saddam
Hussein's ascension to power in 1979 pushed the Iraqi cinema in a slightly different direction. The drain on national resources from the 1980 Iraq-Iran war brought film production to a near halt. The few films put into production were mainly intent on glorifying a mythic Iraqi history or
1531:, but efforts are underway to restore the theatre). The live theatre scene received a boost during the 1990s, when UN sanctions limited the import of foreign films. As many as 30 movie theatres were reported to have been converted to live stages, producing a wide range of
658:
constitutes the earliest known corpus of recorded literature, including the religious writings and other traditional stories maintained by the
Sumerian civilization and largely preserved by the later Akkadian and Babylonian empires. These records were written in the
1087:
semi-finalists South Korea and eventually finished as runners-up, winning silver. The football tournament at the 2004 Summer
Olympics in Athens, Greece, saw Iraq finish in fourth place, with the Italy national football team claiming bronze from a single goal.
878:, the well established tradition of poetry continued to be the most dominant form of literature. In addition, Abbasid literature was characterized by the emergence of many new genres and of a scholarly and sophisticated critical consciousness.
2001:
Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William; Bright, Professor
Emeritus of Linguistics and Anthropology University of California Los Angeles Research Fellow Center for the Study of Native American Languages of the Plains and Southwest William (1996).
961:, encompassing several distinct cultures and spanning a period from the 10th millennium BC, when the first permanent structures were built in the 6th century BC. Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the development of
610:
on each other is evident in all areas, from lexical borrowing on a substantial scale to syntactic, morphological, and phonological convergence. This has prompted scholars to refer to Sumerian and Akkadian in the third millennium BC as a
1505:
389:
periods. Mesopotamian art include favourite subjects such as deities, either alone or with worshippers, and animals in several types of scenes: repeated in rows, single, fighting each other or a human,
840:("He who Saw the Abyss", in modern terms: "He who Sees the Unknown"). Approximately two-thirds of this longer, twelve-tablet version have been recovered. Some of the best copies were discovered in the
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644:
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that the Iraqi kitchen reached its zenith. Today, the cuisine of Iraq reflects this rich inheritance, as well as strong influences from the culinary traditions of neighbouring
2908:
425:
in the late Abbasid era (12th to 13th-centuries) and was the pre-eminent artist of the Baghdad school. His most well-known works include the illustrations for the book of the
362:
574:). The Sumerian language is the earliest known written language. The "proto-literate" period of Sumerian writing spans c. 3300 to 3000 BC. In this period, records are purely
417:
texts became more complex and stylised. Iraq's first art school was established during this period, allowing artisans and crafts to flourish. Famous Abbasid artist include
3178:
2310:
949:
was an Iraqi architect, artist and designer, recognised as a major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. She is known for being influenced by
2792:
413:, pottery achieved a high level of sophistication, calligraphy began to be used to decorate the surface of decorative objects and illuminated manuscripts, particularly
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empires, even after the spoken language disappeared from the population; literacy was widespread, and the Sumerian texts that students copied heavily influenced later
535:
shall be guaranteed in government educational institutions in accordance with educational guidelines, or in any other language in private educational institutions.
523:
The Arabic language and the Kurdish language are the two official languages of Iraq. The right of Iraqis to educate their children in their mother tongue, such as
1887:
1429:
is the oldest surviving Arabic cookbook, written by al-Warraq in the 10th century. It is compiled from the recipes of the 8th and 9th century courts of the
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224:
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Kuwait, sanctions against Iraq made filmmaking an impossibility in the country, although a new generation of filmmakers is coming alive in Baghdad.
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816:. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the "Old Babylonian" version dates to the 18th century BCE and is titled after its
4019:
427:
2374:. Publications of the Oriental Institute of Al-Hikma University: Linguistic Series nr. 2. Beirut, Place de L'Étoile: Libraire Orientale, 1965.
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2013:
1977:
1921:
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It was founded in 1948, and has been a member of FIFA since 1950, and the Asian Football Confederation since 1971. Big clubs in Iraq include
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889:, as well as hosting a multiethnic and multireligious environment, garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Centre of Learning".
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are scattered throughout Iraq, and in the afternoon, it is a habit for shopkeepers to retreat into the back with close friends to sip
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found in ancient ruins in Iraq show recipes prepared in the temples during religious festivals - the first cookbooks in the world.
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1587:. Organizers of the event expressed their will to perpetuate this festival in the future and to organize an edition each year.
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1441:, who sought to improve the cultural prestige of his own court in Aleppo as the court in Baghdad had started to decline.
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home to a sophisticated and highly advanced civilization, in all fields of knowledge - including the culinary arts.
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Annus, Amar (2009). "Review Article. The Folk-Tales of Iraq and the Literary Traditions of Ancient Mesopotamia".
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Convenient summaries of the typical motifs of cylinder seals in the main periods are found throughout in Teissier
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in Baghdad. Some scholars speculate that al-Warraq may have prepared the manuscript on behalf of a patron, the
210:
590:, 34th to 31st centuries). During the 3rd millennium BC, an intimate cultural symbiosis developed between the
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heritage which has been passed down orally by the masters of the maqam in an unbroken chain of transmission,
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is considered to be the most noble and perfect form of maqam. Al-maqam al-Iraqi is the collection of sung,
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patted some clay and put words on it, like a tablet. Until then, there had been no putting words on clay.
710:
Poetry is the most dominant form of literature in Iraq and the country is known for having notable poets.
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2262:"Iraq vows to recover all antiquities stolen after U.S.-led invasion in 2003 - Xinhua | English.news.cn"
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1677:"The Cradle of Civilization: Ancient Mesopotamia to modern Iraq - Pilot Guides - Travel, Explore, Learn"
1528:
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909:
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435:. Al-Waiti's illustrations served as an inspiration for the 20th-century modern Baghdad art movement.
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histories and is considered one of the most influential cultures in the world. The region between the
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poems written either in one of the sixteen meters of classical Arabic or in Iraqi dialect (Zuhayri).
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Iraq's art has a deep heritage that extends back in time to ancient times and refers to all works of
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2311:"À Babylone, les Irakiens renouent avec la culture millénaire malgré les pressions des religieux"
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2100 BCE). These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic in
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2009:
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58:
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2003:
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72:
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Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the
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578:, with phonological content. The oldest document of the proto-literate period is the
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Iraq is a country of a wide and varied heritage, home to religious groups such as
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This Form of art is recognised by UNESCO as "an intangible heritage of humanity".
2181:
792:, regarded as the earliest surviving notable literature. The literary history of
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885:. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the
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314:
257:
198:
79:
2336:"Iraq's Mosul revives shattered cultural scene with traditional music festival"
1969:
Syntactic change in Akkadian : the evolution of sentential complementation
1196:
cuisine dating back to ancient times, typically fish caught from the rivers of
861:, regarded as one of the greatest, most prominent and influential poets in the
485:. Since 2005, the Turkmen/Turkoman have switched from the Arabic script to the
328:
Additionally, Iraq embraces and celebrates the achievements of its past in pre-
264:. Mesopotamian legacy went on to influence and shape the civilizations of the
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2707:
1583:
2022 the city of Mosul hosted the festival of traditional music, supported by
1490:
1459:
1162:
1142:
977:
946:
613:
382:
290:
2438:
1987:
1901:
1873:
1578:
Some cultural events are celebrating the Iraqi culture over time. The Iraq's
1352:(a rice, lamb, tomato, and aubergine dish). Stuffed vegetable dishes such as
897:
Some of the most important figures of 20th century Iraqi literature include,
721:
Because the messenger's mouth was heavy and he couldn't repeat , the Lord of
3517:
3489:
3436:
2974:
2666:
2626:
1913:
1902:"The constitutional process, the constitution and constitutionalism in Iraq"
1824:
1641:
1596:
1467:
1419:, and is responsible for Iraq's position as the world's largest producer of
1403:
1384:
1238:
1197:
1004:
793:
602:, which included widespread bilingualism. The influence of Sumerian and the
357:
281:
269:
265:
36:
2407:
1967:
1853:
3034:
2864:
2847:
2621:
2616:
2199:
1804:
1567:
1532:
1302:
1134:
1130:
970:
302:
1041:
865:; much of his work has been translated into over 20 languages worldwide.
431:(Assemblies) in 1237, a series of anecdotes of social satire written by
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1636:
1579:
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1471:
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of it have survived. The later Standard Babylonian version compiled by
817:
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375:
337:
329:
310:
306:
249:
1183:
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3029:
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1416:
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1201:
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has remained a prominent symbol of Iraqi culture throughout history.
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dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BCE and bears the incipit
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1519:(rehearsals and performances were briefly interrupted during the
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2502:
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1779:
Art, Awakening, and Modernity in the Middle East: The Arab Nude,
1515:
Some important cultural institutions in the capital include the
1463:
1408:
1372:
1326:
1320:
1300:(often marinated with garlic, lemon, and spices, then grilled),
1283:
1115:
801:
722:
713:
An ancient Mesopotamian poem gives the first known story of the
571:
3665:
3352:
3244:
3066:
2941:
2514:
2466:
2133:"Examining the Role of UNESCO and Intangible Cultural Heritage"
1855:
Education and ethno-politics : defending identity in Iraq
1546:
include the Academy of Music, Institute of Fine Arts, and the
1494:
1324:(lamb with rice, almonds, raisins, and spices), and salad in
2184:
Foods of Iraq: Enshrined With A Long History. Habeeb Salloum.
1809:. C. H. M. Versteegh, Mushira Eid. Leiden: Brill. 2005–2009.
1102:) is the governing body of football in Iraq, controlling the
2057:"Nergal and Ereshkigal(standard Babylonian Version) (1.109)"
1554:- which houses the world's largest and finest collection of
1368:
is also a popular dish in the south and south east of Iraq.
2372:
Spoken Arabic of Baghdad: Part Two (A) - Anthology of Texts
2089:"The Golden Age of Baghdad: Center of Arab Intellectualism"
1943:"Sumerian language | History, Characteristics, & Facts"
2335:
2032:
The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process
1908:, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 78–126, 2017-02-17,
1550:. Baghdad also features a number of museums including the
800:
poems about Bilgamesh (Sumerian for "Gilgamesh"), king of
586:(1936) lists 939 signs used in the proto-literate period (
2286:"Iraq's Babylon arts festival back after almost 20 years"
1759:
Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People,
1233:
has a long history going back some 10,000 years – to the
976:
Iraq is known for having world-class architects, such as
481:). Arabic and Kurdish are written with versions of the
385:
originating from the geographical region since ancient
4068:
1566:
civilizations; some of which were stolen during the
1114:). It was founded in 1948, and has been a member of
3997:
3957:
3699:
3510:
3365:
2758:
2675:
2527:
394:by themselves or flanking a human or god in the
1806:Encyclopedia of Arabic language and linguistics
2182:http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/3592
1375:reflects the same natural division as ancient
3677:
2478:
1523:, but have since returned to normal) and the
1346:(grilled fish with pepper and tamarind), and
690:remained in official and literary use in the
218:
8:
2115:"Architectural Identity in an Era of Change"
1542:Institutions offering cultural education in
374:669–631 BC) and three royal attendants in a
1741:Thames & Hudson, , 1999, London, p. 59
1407:(Iraq proper, the ancient Babylonia) grows
826:("Surpassing All Other Kings"). Only a few
500:. Other smaller minority languages include
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3670:
3662:
3362:
3349:
3241:
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2938:
2524:
2511:
2485:
2471:
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2177:
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1886:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
686:systems by about the 30th century BC. The
285:written traditions in the world including
225:
211:
17:
2793:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
2427:Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions
1397:and crops requiring winter chill such as
332:times as well as in Islamic times during
2617:Kassite dynasty of the Babylonian Empire
1792:Contemporary Art From The Islamic World,
1306:(grilled meat sandwich wrap, similar to
1207:
1182:
1040:
941:
853:
4075:
2196:Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia
2145:10.5622/illinois/9780252041280.003.0005
1668:
1192:fish, one of Iraq's national dishes, a
131:
92:
85:
78:
71:
64:
57:
50:
43:
29:
2402:. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press.
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
1879:
1830:
453:The main languages spoken in Iraq are
2363:Folktale collections from modern Iraq
1052:Iraq is known primarily for its rich
7:
3646:
3588:Mesopotamian spring festival (Akitu)
1607:List of World Heritage Sites in Iraq
409:, which ruled from the heartland of
268:in different ways such as inventing
3636:
2230:Davidson, Alan; Jaine, Tom (2006).
1527:(the theatre was looted during the
1099:
2370:McCarthy, R. J.; Raffouli, Faraj.
14:
2384:Fairy Tales and Legends from Iraq
2069:10.1163/2211-436x_cos_acosb_1_109
1761:Bradt Travel Guides, 2008, p. 278
1383:in the arid northern uplands and
4090:
4078:
4052:
4043:
4042:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3616:
3615:
2921:2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis
2495:
2139:, University of Illinois Press,
2029:Boudreau, Vincent (2004-12-09).
1497:over gossip, an Iraqi "siesta".
1387:in the southern alluvial plain.
1204:, and grilled near the river bed
1129:, Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Zawraa,
366:7th-century BC relief depicting
192:
35:
3400:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2823:1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
2813:1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab clashes
2552:Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period
2453:Iraq: Cultural-Historical Zones
2131:Harris, Robin P. (2017-10-01),
1548:Music and Ballet school Baghdad
1318:(lamb, okra, and tomato stew),
1059:leading up to the present. The
731:Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
558:") was the language of ancient
4010:British Indian Ocean Territory
2683:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
2035:. Cambridge University Press.
1972:. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
1294:. Some popular dishes include
765:ancient Mesopotamian mythology
463:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialect
260:, is often referred to as the
1:
1739:Islamic Art and Architecture,
248:is one of the world's oldest
3179:in ISIL-controlled territory
2386:] (in Russian). Мoskva:
2233:The Oxford Companion to Food
1757:Dabrowska, K. and Hann, G.,
1474:, and ethnic groups such as
1393:(the ancient Assyria) grows
1120:Asian Football Confederation
3090:Council of Representatives
2828:Weapons of mass destruction
2061:Context of Scripture Online
2008:. Oxford University Press.
2005:The World's Writing Systems
1104:Iraq national football team
959:architecture of Mesopotamia
930:Architecture of Mesopotamia
767:and the protagonist of the
254:Tigris and Euphrates rivers
4144:
4123:Culture of the Middle East
2818:1977 Shia uprising in Iraq
1701:"Where did writing begin?"
1176:
1100:الاتحاد العراقي لكرة القدم
1092:Iraqi Football Association
1076:
1037:Assyrian/Syriac folk music
1026:
995:
927:
674:invented one of the first
624:
442:
351:
246:the culture of Mesopotamia
4038:
3611:
3361:
3348:
3253:
3240:
3075:
3062:
2950:
2937:
2523:
2510:
1336:(minced meat ground with
1169:are also popular sports.
3759:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3169:in Saddam Hussein's Iraq
3080:Administrative divisions
2439:10.1163/156921209X449170
2395:Buckley, Jorunn (2007).
2378:Яременко, В. А. (1990).
1772:Encyclopædia Britannica,
1525:National Theatre of Iraq
1517:Iraqi National Orchestra
1003:1940s under the rule of
473:languages (specifically
256:, historically known as
4020:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2728:Mandate for Mesopotamia
2602:First Babylonian Empire
2380:Сказки и предания Ирака
2317:(in French). 2021-11-02
2238:Oxford University Press
2137:Storytelling in Siberia
1966:Deutscher, Guy (2000).
1947:Encyclopedia Britannica
1914:10.4324/9781315474618-6
1852:Shanks, Kelsey (2016).
1781:Routledge, 2017, , n.p.
1617:List of museums in Iraq
1552:National Museum of Iraq
1340:, or rice and spices),
1278:was the capital of the
1270:However, it was in the
682:writing out of earlier
340:was the capital of the
2887:Insurgency (2011–2013)
2808:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
2612:Middle Assyrian Empire
2408:10.31826/9781463211011
1837:: CS1 maint: others (
1770:"Baghdad school," in:
1512:
1221:
1205:
1049:
1005:King Faisal II of Iraq
954:
866:
844:of the 7th-century BC
763:) was a major hero in
736:
652:
378:
262:cradle of civilisation
3174:in post-invasion Iraq
2880:U.S. troop withdrawal
2642:Neo-Babylonian Empire
2458:Iraq Arts and Culture
2400:'s Folk-Tales of Iraq
1794:Scorpion, 1989, p.166
1529:2003 Invasion of Iraq
1508:
1501:Cultural institutions
1379:, which consisted of
1211:
1186:
1046:Muhammad al-Qubbanchi
1044:
945:
857:
728:— Sumerian epic poem
719:
700:Babylonian literature
647:
494:Neo-Aramaic languages
365:
4128:Culture of West Asia
3934:United Arab Emirates
3123:Council of Ministers
3005:Mesopotamian Marshes
2202:. pp. 251–252.
2194:Albala, Ken (2011).
2113:Nooraddin, Hoshiar.
1906:The Iraqi Federation
1657:Mesopotamian Cuisine
1445:Contemporary culture
1231:Mesopotamian cuisine
1179:Mesopotamian cuisine
1118:since 1950, and the
1033:Music of Mesopotamia
934:Abbasid architecture
745:: 𒀭𒄑𒉋𒂵𒈨𒌋𒌋𒌋,
715:invention of writing
678:systems, developing
648:Flood Tablet of the
517:Constitution of Iraq
149:World Heritage Sites
3961:limited recognition
3385:Mesopotamian Arabic
3191:Freedom of religion
2637:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2607:Old Assyrian Period
2592:Neo-Sumerian Empire
1705:The British Library
806:Third Dynasty of Ur
656:Sumerian literature
631:Akkadian literature
627:Sumerian literature
566:that was spoken in
455:Mesopotamian Arabic
449:Mesopotamian Arabic
244:: ثقافة العراق) or
238:The culture of Iraq
3316:Telecommunications
3291:Foreign Investment
3228:Wars and conflicts
3164:in pre-Saddam Iraq
3128:Presidency Council
2914:2019–2021 protests
2843:Invasion of Kuwait
2667:Sassanid Asorestan
2662:Parthian Babylonia
2657:Seleucid Babylonia
2652:Achaemenid Assyria
2567:Jemdet Nasr period
1858:. Abingdon, Oxon.
1790:Wijdan, A. (ed.),
1627:History of Baghdad
1521:Occupation of Iraq
1513:
1401:and stone fruits.
1364:are also popular.
1272:Islamic Golden Age
1222:
1206:
1050:
1013:Abd al-Karim Qasim
986:Hisham N. Ashkouri
955:
938:Assyrian sculpture
867:
804:, dating from the
680:Sumerian cuneiform
653:
461:, followed by the
392:confronted animals
379:
354:Art of Mesopotamia
334:Islamic Golden Age
4066:
4065:
4003:other territories
3659:
3658:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3593:Mandaean New Year
3344:
3343:
3236:
3235:
3218:Political parties
3113:Foreign relations
3058:
3057:
2965:Lower Mesopotamia
2960:Upper Mesopotamia
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2693:Abbasid Caliphate
2688:Umayyad Caliphate
2597:Isin-Larsa period
2266:www.xinhuanet.com
2247:978-0-19-280681-9
2154:978-0-252-04128-0
2042:978-0-521-83861-0
2015:978-0-19-507993-7
1979:978-0-19-154483-5
1923:978-1-315-47461-8
1865:978-1-317-52043-6
1747:978-0-500-20305-7
1737:Hillenbrand, R.,
1652:Abbasid Caliphate
1450:Cultural heritage
1431:Abbasid Caliphate
1280:Abbasid Caliphate
1108:Iraq Super League
876:Abbasid Caliphate
823:Shūtur eli sharrī
796:begins with five
778:Epic of Gilgamesh
770:Epic of Gilgamesh
759:
748:
688:Sumerian language
665:Middle Bronze Age
661:Sumerian language
650:Epic of Gilgamesh
515:According to the
492:In addition, the
445:Languages of Iraq
407:Abbasid Caliphate
396:Master of Animals
342:Abbasid Caliphate
235:
234:
4135:
4095:
4094:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4074:
4056:
4046:
4045:
4015:Christmas Island
3701:Sovereign states
3693:Culture of Asia
3686:
3679:
3672:
3663:
3649:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3629:
3619:
3618:
3363:
3350:
3281:
3242:
3093:
3064:
3050:Sinjar Mountains
3040:Zagros Mountains
2980:Hamrin Mountains
2939:
2902:Mosul liberation
2875:Iraqi insurgency
2797:National Command
2786:
2622:Simurrum culture
2525:
2512:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2442:
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2351:
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2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
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2075:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1898:
1892:
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1836:
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1801:
1795:
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1768:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1707:. Archived from
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1673:
1602:Arabic miniature
1250:Ancient Persians
1137:, Al Talaba and
1101:
1048:performing Maqam
953:ancient cities.
918:Khazal al Majidi
832:Sîn-lēqi-unninni
811:
757:
746:
734:. Circa 1800 BC
635:Iraqi literature
564:language isolate
487:Turkish alphabet
373:
227:
220:
213:
197:
196:
195:
39:
18:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4113:Culture of Iraq
4103:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4079:
4077:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4034:
4002:
3993:
3974:Northern Cyprus
3960:
3953:
3695:
3690:
3660:
3655:
3599:
3583:Public holidays
3506:
3357:
3340:
3279:
3249:
3232:
3091:
3071:
3054:
2985:Iraqi Kurdistan
2975:Euphrates river
2946:
2925:
2892:War (2014–2017)
2838:Operation Opera
2784:
2754:
2750:Arab Federation
2738:Kingdom of Iraq
2671:
2647:Fall of Babylon
2582:Akkadian Empire
2557:Samarra culture
2542:Hassuna culture
2519:
2506:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2449:
2424:
2418:
2394:
2377:
2360:
2358:Further reading
2355:
2354:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2295:
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2284:
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2279:
2270:
2268:
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2259:
2255:
2248:
2240:. p. 405.
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2055:
2054:
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2043:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1928:
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1924:
1900:
1899:
1895:
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1714:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1632:Akkadian Empire
1622:History of Iraq
1593:
1576:
1503:
1452:
1447:
1427:Kitab al-tabikh
1214:Lion of Babylon
1181:
1175:
1110:(also known as
1081:
1075:
1039:
1027:Main articles:
1025:
1000:
994:
967:courtyard house
940:
928:Main articles:
926:
895:
887:House of Wisdom
872:
863:Arabic language
837:Sha naqba īmuru
809:
708:
642:
637:
625:Main articles:
623:
552:
542:
451:
443:Main articles:
441:
419:Yahya Al-Wasiti
371:
360:
352:Main articles:
350:
231:
199:Iraq portal
193:
191:
184:
183:
179:National anthem
164:
163:
154:
153:
144:
143:
127:
126:
107:
106:
30:Culture of Iraq
12:
11:
5:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4105:
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4100:
4099:
4087:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4039:
4036:
4035:
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4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
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4004:
3995:
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3408:
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3397:
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3369:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3321:Transportation
3318:
3313:
3311:Stock Exchange
3308:
3306:Reconstruction
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3286:Infrastructure
3283:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
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3225:
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3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3145:Prime Minister
3142:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
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3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
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2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
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2927:
2926:
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2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2853:1991 uprisings
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2803:Saddam Hussein
2800:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2735:
2733:Mandatory Iraq
2730:
2725:
2722:Mamluk dynasty
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2673:
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2670:
2669:
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2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
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2609:
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2599:
2594:
2589:
2587:Gutian dynasty
2584:
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2564:
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2492:
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2489:
2482:
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2461:
2460:
2455:
2448:
2447:External links
2445:
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1443:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1112:Dawri Al-Nokba
1077:Main article:
1074:
1071:
1061:maqam al-Iraqi
1024:
1021:
998:Cinema of Iraq
996:Main article:
993:
990:
988:among others.
982:Rifat Chadirji
963:urban planning
925:
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891:
871:
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3984:South Ossetia
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788:from ancient
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519:(Article 4):
518:
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495:
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483:Arabic script
480:
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421:who lived in
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4118:Arab culture
3999:Dependencies
3929:Turkmenistan
3894:Saudi Arabia
3788:
3532:
3485:Christianity
3367:Demographics
3301:Oil reserves
3296:Oil Industry
3263:Central Bank
3159:Human rights
3085:Constitution
3030:Tigris river
3010:Persian Gulf
2718:Ottoman Iraq
2703:Qara Qoyunlu
2537:Ubaid period
2430:
2426:
2396:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2344:. Retrieved
2342:. 2022-04-13
2339:
2330:
2319:. Retrieved
2314:
2305:
2294:. Retrieved
2292:. 2021-11-01
2289:
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2231:
2195:
2189:
2158:, retrieved
2136:
2126:
2108:
2097:. Retrieved
2095:. 2020-09-19
2092:
2083:
2072:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2031:
2024:
2004:
1996:
1968:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1927:, retrieved
1905:
1896:
1854:
1847:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1786:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1738:
1733:
1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1704:
1695:
1684:. Retrieved
1681:Pilot Guides
1680:
1671:
1577:
1564:Ancient Iraq
1541:
1514:
1489:
1453:
1426:
1425:
1402:
1388:
1370:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1292:Syria region
1269:
1261:
1258:Ancient Iraq
1247:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1194:Mesopotamian
1187:
1155:bodybuilding
1124:
1122:since 1971.
1089:
1082:
1068:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1009:
1001:
975:
957:The ancient
956:
924:Architecture
910:Jamil Zahawi
902:Maruf Rusafi
899:Safa Khulusi
896:
893:Contemporary
883:Muslim world
880:
873:
870:Post-Islamic
849:Ashurbanipal
836:
835:
822:
821:
775:
768:
760:
756:: 𒀭𒉋𒂵𒈩,
749:
738:
737:
729:
727:
720:
712:
709:
669:
655:
654:
612:
604:East Semitic
548:
544:
543:
514:
491:
452:
426:
404:
400:Tree of Life
398:motif, or a
387:Mesopotamian
380:
368:Ashurbanipal
327:
323:metalworking
319:stonemasonry
287:architecture
245:
237:
236:
174:Coat of arms
15:
4058:Asia portal
3959:States with
3879:Philippines
3819:South Korea
3814:North Korea
3709:Afghanistan
3641:WikiProject
3442:Marsh Arabs
3427:Circassians
3108:Foreign aid
3000:Mesopotamia
2562:Uruk period
1612:Mesopotamia
1510:Iraq Museum
1377:Mesopotamia
1309:Döner kebab
1263:Mesopotamia
1239:Babylonians
1218:Ishtar Gate
874:During the
859:Al-Mutanabi
790:Mesopotamia
782:/ˈɡɪlɡəmɛʃ/
663:during the
640:Pre-Islamic
584:Falkenstein
580:Kish tablet
576:logographic
568:Mesopotamia
504:, English,
471:Neo-Aramaic
411:Mesopotamia
405:During the
315:calligraphy
274:mathematics
258:Mesopotamia
4107:Categories
3939:Uzbekistan
3914:Tajikistan
3829:Kyrgyzstan
3809:Kazakhstan
3729:Bangladesh
3719:Azerbaijan
3558:Television
3538:Literature
3500:Irreligion
3475:Secularism
3412:Minorities
3280:(currency)
3273:Corruption
3118:Government
2909:Insurgency
2708:Aq Qoyunlu
2529:Chronology
2346:2023-02-23
2321:2023-02-23
2296:2023-02-23
2271:2021-05-06
2160:2021-05-06
2099:2021-05-06
2074:2021-05-09
1952:2021-05-06
1929:2021-05-06
1715:2021-05-05
1686:2021-05-05
1663:References
1491:Tea houses
1487:exhibits.
1468:Mandaaeans
1460:Christians
1290:, and the
1163:kickboxing
1143:Basketball
978:Zaha Hadid
947:Zaha Hadid
758:romanized:
747:romanized:
696:Babylonian
621:Literature
614:Sprachbund
598:-speaking
469:, and the
383:visual art
291:literature
117:Television
87:Literature
4025:Hong Kong
3979:Palestine
3904:Sri Lanka
3899:Singapore
3779:Indonesia
3578:Squatting
3543:Education
3490:Mandaeism
3459:/Turkoman
3437:Mandaeans
3422:Assyrians
3417:Armenians
3380:Languages
3268:Companies
3223:Judiciary
3133:President
3103:Elections
3098:Democracy
2944:Geography
2860:Sanctions
2778:2003–2011
2773:1968–2003
2768:1958–1968
2627:Babylonia
2433:: 87–99.
2340:Arab News
2290:France 24
1988:352917905
1882:cite book
1874:930093704
1833:cite book
1642:Babylonia
1597:Iraqi art
1574:Festivals
1556:artifacts
1390:Al-Jazira
1385:Babylonia
1243:Assyrians
1235:Sumerians
1198:Euphrates
1127:Al-Shorta
971:ziggurats
794:Gilgamesh
786:epic poem
761:Bilgamesh
739:Gilgamesh
672:Sumerians
606:language
600:Akkadians
592:Sumerians
588:late Uruk
439:Languages
433:al-Hariri
358:Iraqi art
282:astrology
266:Old World
142:Monuments
59:Languages
4048:Category
3969:Abkhazia
3919:Thailand
3874:Pakistan
3854:Mongolia
3849:Maldives
3844:Malaysia
3744:Cambodia
3621:Category
3470:Religion
3447:Persians
3331:Railways
3326:Airlines
3208:Military
3069:Politics
3045:Wildlife
3035:Umm Qasr
2865:Iraq War
2848:Gulf War
2760:Republic
2713:Safavids
2676:638–1958
2315:LEFIGARO
2200:ABC-CLIO
1825:61766609
1591:See also
1568:Iraq War
1537:dramatic
1533:comedies
1435:Hamdanid
1366:Machbous
1189:Masghouf
1147:swimming
1139:Najaf FC
1135:Duhok SC
1131:Erbil SC
1106:and the
1084:Football
951:Sumerian
914:Jawahiri
814:Akkadian
798:Sumerian
784:) is an
754:Sumerian
750:Gilgameš
743:Sumerian
692:Akkadian
608:Akkadian
594:and the
549:EME.G̃IR
545:Sumerian
533:Armenian
510:Armenian
496:use the
479:Assyrian
475:Chaldean
303:painting
250:cultural
73:Religion
23:a series
21:Part of
4097:Society
4071:Portals
3944:Vietnam
3859:Myanmar
3839:Lebanon
3769:Georgia
3724:Bahrain
3714:Armenia
3651:Commons
3568:Smoking
3533:Culture
3528:Cuisine
3511:General
3495:Yazidis
3452:Solluba
3405:Persian
3395:Kurdish
3390:Aramaic
3355:Society
3336:Tourism
3247:Economy
2995:Islands
2970:Borders
2795: (
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2577:Subartu
2517:History
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