301:
31:
788:
289:
310:
3519:
44:
3507:
322:
2491:
130:
115:
100:
85:
3531:
549:
145:
339:
600:
496:, these 1995 agreements are still in force as of 2024 and apply in part not contrary to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The launch date in 2010 of the Customs Union was set in 2007 as a result of a decision on common customs territory, CET and the formation of the customs union. Its founding states were
2376:
682:(formerly Customs Union) is granted after products have proved to be compliant with the requirements of Customs Union (CU) technical regulations (TRs) which are applicable to the product. As of September 2016, 36 CU TRs have been developed covering different types of products. Some TRs are still being developed.
791:
The growth rate of the total turnover of foreign and mutual trade of the
Customs Union (growth of the quarter compared to the corresponding period of the previous year). The Common Customs Code was established on July 1, 2010 (blue vertical line). Data source: Eurasian Economic Commission, Department
695:
There are two types of conformity assessment procedures – certification of conformity (CoC) and declaration of conformity (DoC). List of products which are subject to certification and declaration is provided in the relevant CU TRs. The customer can always choose to order a CU Certificate instead of
752:
a) There are areas where national requirements are valid in each member country. E.g. for RF (radiotelecommunication) appliances/modules. It is not currently planned to develop unified requirements in the EAEU for this type of products, although this may change in the future. As of today, it is not
707:
All conformity assessment works (testing/inspection/certification) can only be done by local certification bodies/testing laboratories accredited in the EAEU member countries by their national accrediting authorities. However where the EAEU countries are members of international organizations (such
539:
The creation of the
Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007. The first treaty in 1995 guaranteeing its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteeing its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the establishment of a common customs territory and the
491:
The founding documents in 1990s were the
Agreement on the Customs Union between Russia and Belarus signed on January 6, 1995 in Minsk and the Agreement on the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed in Moscow on January 20, 1995. The Eurasian Economic Community, founded in 2000, has
487:
rules and WTO principles are binding on all members, but the Union is not a collective WTO member (in contrast the
European Union). One of the consequences of the customs union is that the EAEU negotiates as a single entity in international trade agreements, such as free trade agreements in goods,
1007:
699:
For DoC, the applicant must be a local entity registered in the territory of an EAEU member country. The range of applicants for
Certification is defined in the relevant CU TRs (e.g. for CU TR 004/2011 Safety of low voltage equipment and CU TR 020/2011 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), the
516:
acceded to the EEU on 6 August 2015. Many provisions and separate agreements were codified, consolidated and incorporated into the EAEU Treaty and the EAEU's legal framework (officially "EAEU Treaty and international agreements within the EAEU" according to the database of law of the
Eurasian
517:
Economic Union), some agreements were terminated and replaced, but some older agreements are still in force in part not contrary to the Treaty on the
Eurasian Economic Union (officially "Other international treaties" according to the database of law of the Eurasian Economic Union).
1066:
300:
756:
b) Due to uneasy process of development of CU TR system in EAEU, the national member countries are starting to implement national requirements in the areas strategically important for these countries in the absence of proper quality unified EAEU TRs (e.g.
2366:
304:
The 1995 Agreement on the
Customs Union between Russia and Belarus and the 1995 Agreement on the Customs Union between Kazakhstan and the combined customs territory of Russia and Belarus in the database of international treaties of the Eurasian Economic
3180:
957:
738:
maintained by each member country. The term of validity is defined in the certificate (it can be up to 5 years). For series manufacturing certificates, there's mandatory annual surveillance procedure (performed via sample test or factory inspection).
761:
778:
Customs Union certificates/approvals issued in accordance with the "List of products subject to mandatory conformity approval in the
Customs Union" – such certificate/approval was valid in all the three member countries of the Customs
1067:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/pages/alldocuments.aspx#npbdocumentbelongstaxId=%5B%7B%22id%22%3A%22b591e83f-0f9a-4fce-8760-758ac7690c84%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22International%20treaties%22%7D%5D&sort=%22npbdocumentdate_ascending%22
1201:
1124:
2799:
492:
assumed responsibility for the implementation of previous agreements, created supranational bodies and finally launched the long-delayed customs union in 2010. According to the database of international treaties of the
30:
961:
3109:
1338:
2880:
2356:
3140:
3121:
2431:
1564:
1531:
3150:
2330:
712:), competent national certification bodies in EAEU accredited in the same international organizations (e.g. for the IECEE, the list of EAEU certification bodies accredited in IECEE can be seen at
2910:
2752:
2371:
2028:
1498:
1465:
1432:
1399:
524:
and removed all customs borders between each other after July 2011. On 19 November 2011, the member states put together a joint commission on fostering closer economic ties, planning to create a
758:
3230:
3032:
1202:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/pages/alldocuments.aspx#npbdocumentbelongstaxId=%5B%7B%22id%22%3A%22b591e83f-0f9a-4fce-8760-758ac7690c84%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22International%20treaties%22%7D%5D
1125:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/pages/alldocuments.aspx#npbdocumentbelongstaxId=%5B%7B%22id%22%3A%22b591e83f-0f9a-4fce-8760-758ac7690c84%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22International%20treaties%22%7D%5D
3145:
3133:
2922:
3165:
2136:
3190:
2860:
2361:
3170:
1259:
488:
instead of individual member states negotiating for themselves (Article 35 of the EAEU Treaty). The members states can be a separate members of WTO (all except
Belarus as of 2024).
3155:
2289:
3405:
3104:
1239:
3185:
2875:
1161:
3116:
2887:
2652:
579:
Imported goods into the territory of Russia from the territory of Belarus or Kazakhstan are subject to VAT and excise duties and are levied by the Russian tax authorities.
2608:
1655:
1381:
918:
3027:
2021:
3247:
3175:
3128:
3484:
1852:
3427:
2647:
1342:
1771:
1710:
1672:
1213:
430:
1573:
1540:
3556:
3432:
2969:
2915:
2494:
2014:
3581:
3571:
3160:
3099:
2340:
1905:
1738:
864:
1507:
1474:
1441:
1408:
3576:
2680:
3047:
1190:
Kyrgyzstan and Armenia will officially enter the Eurasian Customs Union that was created by Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, on the January 1, 2015.
2959:
2845:
2527:
2471:
2325:
1008:"World Economic Outlook Database, April 2017 – Report for Selected Countries and Subjects (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia)"
844:
1178:
3240:
2309:
771:
Before TRs came into force, the following approvals were the basis for access to the Eurasian Economic Union (Customs Union) member countries:
787:
3068:
2299:
1648:
749:
The EAEU member countries managed to agree on unification of requirements for most of categories of products/services (via CU TRs). However:
452:(which entered into force on January 1, 2015), EAEU Customs Code, other international agreements and by decisions of supranational bodies as
449:
1263:
433:(Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia) which initially became effective on January 1, 2010 at the date of implementation of the
2697:
1285:
1091:
2964:
2835:
2685:
2037:
1845:
829:
775:
National approvals/certificates – they were good for access of product to the country where this approval/certificate has been issued.
569:
is guaranteed and (or) the exemption (refunds) of excise taxes if sufficient documentary evidence has been provided (proof of export).
552:
921:[Demography – Population numbers and composition]. Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. Archived from
731:
3551:
1157:
849:
453:
381:
3566:
3314:
3252:
2986:
2563:
1641:
448:. It was inherited from the Eurasian Economic Community (terminated on January 1, 2015) and is now regulated by Part Two of the
288:
3083:
2942:
2476:
2461:
2284:
686:
1385:
922:
2976:
759:
Belarus introduced mandatory national energy efficiency requirements for electrical products on its territory from 01.02.2017
479:
on all goods entering the union (the transition period for Armenia and Kyrgyzstan has ended, but Kazakhstan de jure has some
3361:
2932:
2905:
2392:
1861:
1838:
3497:
977:
528:
by 2015. On 1 January 2012, the three states formed a single economic space to promote further economic integration. The
2949:
2855:
2426:
2335:
2279:
1895:
1880:
884:
529:
461:
3304:
3078:
2626:
2613:
2520:
2416:
1885:
1011:
839:
533:
440:
359:
349:
457:
3208:
3037:
2764:
2642:
2620:
2421:
2294:
1890:
879:
753:
expected that unified requirements in EAEU for radio-telecom appliances/modules would appear earlier than in 2020.
723:
For products which successfully passed the CU EAC conformity assessment procedure – a CU EAC certificate is issued
309:
3415:
3220:
2993:
2727:
2702:
1875:
859:
2747:
2717:
2712:
2617:
1945:
1933:
484:
326:
314:
293:
3586:
3410:
3299:
2850:
2819:
2737:
2441:
1900:
1664:
854:
743:
525:
493:
397:
215:
48:
3392:
3351:
3341:
2927:
2757:
2513:
476:
434:
253:
236:
209:
3422:
1311:
1240:"Ukraine cannot get observer status at Eurasian Econ Union due to Association Agreement with EU, Russia"
992:
801:
321:
718:
the national certification bodies from the other member countries of these international organizations
3439:
2804:
2690:
1988:
1938:
1928:
521:
232:
1092:
https://docsonline.wto.org/dol2fe/Pages/SS/directdoc.aspx?filename=q:/WT/REG/358-1.pdf&Open=True
1078:
1031:
724:
3235:
3225:
3052:
2937:
2668:
2588:
2573:
3506:
3377:
3346:
3336:
2814:
2778:
2568:
1995:
1966:
889:
426:
1292:
943:
3465:
3458:
3373:
3274:
3262:
3011:
2840:
2742:
2722:
2707:
2548:
2540:
2258:
2082:
2072:
2054:
2048:
1597:
1146:
1135:
1113:
1102:
1055:
1044:
3561:
3535:
3400:
3326:
3309:
3287:
3042:
2466:
1244:
414:
402:
2006:
3474:
3381:
3368:
3356:
3331:
3321:
3257:
1324:
1165:
981:
765:
735:
690:
679:
603:
Nominal world GDP and GDP of the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia in 2011.
555:, Moscow, Russia. Passengers from Kazakhstan are no longer subject to customs inspections.
472:
1572:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
1539:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
1506:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
1473:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
1440:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
1407:(in Russian). Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
727:. All certificates/declarations are officially registered (by the certification bodies)
2897:
2578:
2451:
1961:
1286:"Доклад "Итоги деятельности Минэкономразвития России в 2009 году и задачи на 2010 год""
874:
609:
363:
728:
3545:
3523:
3479:
3282:
2981:
2809:
2732:
975:
2011թ. հոկտեմբերի 12-21-ը Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում անցկացվեց հերթական մարդահամարը
899:
619:
422:
68:
683:
2603:
2598:
2456:
2221:
2131:
1978:
869:
1434:Объемы, темпы и пропорции развития взаимной торговли государств — членов ТС и ЕЭП
1401:Объемы, темпы и пропорции развития взаимной торговли государств — членов ТС и ЕЭП
1260:"Belarus eases current account deficit with Customs Union, Common Economic Space"
680:
Eurasian Economic Union – EAEU (Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan)
583:
As of 2013, 87.95% of customs import duties come from Russia's budget, 4.7% from
3511:
2865:
2593:
2583:
2446:
2304:
2212:
2152:
2060:
1971:
1830:
834:
358:
The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
1339:"Белоруссия может выйти из ТС, если Россия не отменит пошлины на нефтепродукты"
2794:
2201:
2196:
2181:
2176:
2166:
2141:
2126:
2111:
2106:
2096:
1814:
1809:
1761:
1756:
1728:
1695:
1690:
974:
894:
817:
813:
662:
588:
548:
513:
501:
135:
120:
483:
due to its obligations during WTO accession). The Union's rules are based on
3292:
1804:
1384:. Евразийская экономическая комиссия, Департамент статистики. Archived from
717:
713:
702:
either a manufacturer including a foreign manufacturer of local EAEU entity
3530:
2398:
GOST (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification)
1633:
2954:
1746:
1363:
2252:
Former "participant" that renounced 1991 agreements and 1993 Charter (1)
2242:
2237:
2186:
2171:
2161:
2116:
2101:
2091:
1983:
1819:
1794:
1723:
1685:
1680:
809:
805:
658:
584:
509:
497:
480:
471:
are levied on goods travelling within the customs union and – unlike a
468:
105:
90:
599:
2536:
2191:
2121:
1799:
1700:
1623:
670:
505:
150:
58:
2505:
2231:
1991 agreements parties that do not participate in the summits (2)
1784:
1779:
1751:
786:
742:
Products complying with all applicable CU TRs are marked with the
709:
639:
629:
598:
547:
320:
308:
299:
287:
595:
Market access to Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) – CU EAC approval
2870:
2397:
1789:
1718:
2509:
2010:
1834:
1637:
1629:(in Russian, English, Armenian, Belarusian, Kazakh, and Kyrgyz)
1364:"EAC & TR CU certificates and declarations | WWG 2022"
1179:"Kyrgyzstan, Armenia officially enter Eurasian Economic Union"
566:
332:
1382:"Статистика внешней торговли и статистика взаимной торговли"
2876:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
1566:Итоги внешней торговли Таможенного союза со всеми странами
1533:Итоги внешней торговли Таможенного союза со всеми странами
1500:Итоги внешней торговли Таможенного союза со всеми странами
1147:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0055079/itot_06112012
1136:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/en-us/0054920/itot_06112012
1114:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/0055079/itot_06112012
1103:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/0054920/itot_06112012
1056:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/0055079/itot_06112012
1045:
https://docs.eaeunion.org/docs/ru-ru/0054920/itot_06112012
1158:"Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan Agree on Customs Union"
532:
is the regulatory agency for the Customs Union and the
958:"О демографической ситуации в январе-сентябре 2014 г."
3495:
2211:
Self-proclaimed "associate member" as defined in the
729:
in the Registers for CU EAC certificates/declarations
1600:. Embassy of the Russian Federation, The Netherlands
3391:
3273:
3207:
3092:
3061:
3010:
2896:
2828:
2777:
2667:
2635:
2556:
2547:
2406:
2385:
2349:
2318:
2272:
2251:
2230:
2210:
2150:
2081:
2070:
1954:
1921:
1868:
1770:
1737:
1709:
1671:
716:) have the legal right to recognize the results of
276:
266:
252:
242:
226:
208:
198:
188:
183:
173:
168:
160:
74:
64:
54:
37:
21:
2888:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
678:Access of products to the single territory of the
407:Таможенный союз Евразийского экономического союза
508:. On 2 January 2015 it was enlarged to include
446:Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan
2846:Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO)
684:Here you can see the list of developed CU TRs.
179:20,260,431 km (7,822,596 sq mi)
3069:Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)
2521:
2022:
1846:
1649:
919:"Демография – Численность и состав населения"
8:
2437:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union
431:member states of the Eurasian Economic Union
2326:Collective Security Treaty (1992-1999/2002)
3213:
3020:
3016:
2787:
2783:
2753:Sovereign states and dependent territories
2673:
2553:
2528:
2514:
2506:
2341:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS
2083:1991 agreements parties and "participants"
2078:
2029:
2015:
2007:
1853:
1839:
1831:
1656:
1642:
1634:
1235:
1233:
1231:
865:Enlargement of the Eurasian Economic Union
313:Regional Trade Agreements Database of the
292:Regional Trade Agreements Database of the
18:
2871:North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
382:Learn how and when to remove this message
2836:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
2038:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
1467:Объем внешней торговли Таможенного союза
475:– members of the customs union impose a
3502:
2609:Crisis situations and unrest since 2000
2472:Collective Security Treaty Organization
2049:Belovezh Agreement establishing the CIS
1214:"Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan sign pact"
910:
845:Collective Security Treaty Organization
355:Extensive use of inline external links.
275:
251:
241:
207:
197:
182:
172:
167:
53:
3084:European Free Trade Association (EFTA)
2055:Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the CIS
1320:
1309:
1079:"WTO | Regional trade agreements"
1032:"WTO | Regional trade agreements"
650:Other countries: $ 22.2 trillion (32%)
325:Timeline of EAEU Integration from the
1002:
1000:
804:is needed when travelling to or from
450:Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union
265:
225:
187:
7:
2950:European Union Customs Union (EUCU)
2933:European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP)
800:The Customs Union has meant that a
3557:Commonwealth of Independent States
3079:Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC)
2856:European Political Community (EPC)
830:Commonwealth of Independent States
565:When exporting goods a zero rated
553:Sheremetyevo International Airport
14:
3582:Organizations established in 2010
3572:International trade organizations
1262:. Cistran Finance. Archived from
850:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
520:The member states continued with
454:Supreme Eurasian Economic Council
3577:Multilateral relations of Russia
3529:
3517:
3505:
2564:Bibliography of European history
2490:
2489:
820:, and changing plane in Russia.
540:formation of the customs union.
337:
143:
128:
113:
98:
83:
42:
29:
3231:Social (and financial) rankings
3033:Financial (and social) rankings
2943:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
2477:Collective Rapid Reaction Force
2462:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
2285:Unified Team at the Paralympics
1291:. 23 April 2012. Archived from
1258:Barron, Lisa (1 October 2013).
1181:. WorldBulletin.net. 2014-12-24
782:
725:(an example CU EAC certificate)
2851:Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
1:
3074:Eurasian Customs Union (EACU)
2393:Interstate Aviation Committee
2305:CIS national rugby union team
1862:Eurasian economic integration
2928:European Economic Area (EEA)
2427:Eurasian Patent Organization
2336:Joint CIS Air Defense System
2300:CIS national ice hockey team
2280:Unified Team at the Olympics
1896:Eurasian Patent Organization
1881:Eurasian Economic Commission
885:European Union Customs Union
530:Eurasian Economic Commission
462:Eurasian Economic Commission
2800:International organisations
2627:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2417:Eurasian Economic Community
2377:2023 Free Trade in Services
1886:Eurasian Economic Community
1012:International Monetary Fund
840:Eurasian Economic Community
534:Eurasian Economic Community
441:Eurasian Economic Community
3603:
3191:Electricity use per capita
2698:Largest metropolitan areas
2422:Eurasian Patent Convention
2331:United Armed Forces (1992)
2295:CIS national football team
1891:Eurasian Patent Convention
1772:Free Trade Zone agreements
880:Free trade areas in Europe
3452:
3216:
3176:Health expense per capita
3023:
3019:
2790:
2786:
2676:
2485:
2407:Outside the CIS framework
2155:parties and "members" (9)
2044:
1876:Eurasian Development Bank
860:Eurasian Development Bank
458:Intergovernmental Council
418:
406:
204:9.01/km (23.3/sq mi)
28:
3552:2010 in economic history
3406:Childhood population (%)
3141:GNI (nominal) per capita
2623:hybrid variant (2020-22)
1946:Belt and Road Initiative
1934:New Eurasian Land Bridge
1565:
1532:
1499:
1466:
1433:
1400:
980:3 September 2013 at the
485:World Trade Organisation
327:World Trade Organization
315:World Trade Organization
294:World Trade Organization
3567:Eurasian Economic Union
2841:Council of Europe (CoE)
2820:Transatlantic relations
2442:Eurasian Economic Union
2290:CIS national bandy team
1901:Eurasian Economic Union
1665:Eurasian Economic Union
1216:. UPI. 19 November 2011
855:Eurasian Economic Union
657: Customs Union of
622:: $ 14.8 trillion (22%)
612:: $ 17.1 trillion (25%)
587:and the remainder from
526:Eurasian Economic Union
494:Eurasian Economic Union
398:Eurasian Economic Union
353:. The reason given is:
2151:Additionally the 1993
1940:EU–Russia Common Space
1911:Eurasian Customs Union
1319:Cite journal requires
793:
675:
632:: $ 7.2 trillion (10%)
556:
477:common external tariff
435:common external tariff
429:consisting of all the
330:
318:
306:
297:
23:Eurasian Customs Union
3181:Military spending (%)
3171:Unemployment rate (%)
2916:free trade agreements
2681:Areas and populations
2357:Common Economic Space
790:
673:: $ 2.1 trillion (3%)
642:: $ 5.8 trillion (8%)
602:
551:
439:Customs Union of the
396:Customs Union of the
324:
312:
303:
291:
3186:Urban population (%)
3146:GNI (PPP) per capita
2691:European microstates
1989:Common European Home
1929:Eurasian Land Bridge
944:"The World Factbook"
522:economic integration
419:Таможенный союз ЕАЭС
190:• 2013 estimate
16:Former customs union
3166:Press Freedom Index
3093:Sovereign states by
2938:Eastern Partnership
2574:Classical antiquity
1739:Prospective members
946:. 23 December 2021.
3305:Capital of Culture
3156:Internet users (%)
3048:Telecommunications
2815:Post-Soviet Europe
2653:predecessor states
2367:1994 FTA Agreement
2310:CIS Cup (football)
1996:Post-Soviet states
1967:All-Russian nation
1298:on August 20, 2011
1266:on 29 October 2013
1164:2014-07-04 at the
890:Post-Soviet states
794:
764:2016-11-07 at the
744:mandatory EAC mark
734:2016-11-06 at the
714:the following link
696:a CU Declaration.
689:2016-11-07 at the
676:
557:
427:post-Soviet states
411:EAEU Customs Union
331:
319:
307:
298:
262:2016 estimate
222:2016 estimate
3493:
3492:
3448:
3447:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3062:Intergovernmental
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2960:Foreign relations
2861:GUAM Organization
2829:Intergovernmental
2773:
2772:
2686:Countries by area
2663:
2662:
2614:COVID-19 pandemic
2503:
2502:
2268:
2267:
2004:
2003:
1828:
1827:
1168:. 5 December 2009
798:
797:
700:applicant can be
392:
391:
384:
286:
285:
278:• Per capita
244:• Per capita
3594:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3468:
3461:
3214:
3038:Free trade areas
3021:
3017:
2788:
2784:
2674:
2554:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2507:
2493:
2492:
2467:New Union Treaty
2432:EU Technical Aid
2079:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2008:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1711:Observer members
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:Official website
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1341:. Archived from
1335:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1255:
1249:
1245:Interfax-Ukraine
1237:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1175:
1169:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1004:
995:
990:
984:
972:
966:
965:
954:
948:
947:
940:
934:
933:
931:
930:
915:
783:
703:
668:
656:
651:
647:
637:
627:
617:
607:
420:
408:
387:
380:
376:
373:
367:
341:
340:
333:
272:USD 1.5 trillion
259:
219:
153:
149:
147:
146:
138:
134:
132:
131:
123:
119:
117:
116:
108:
104:
102:
101:
93:
89:
87:
86:
47:
46:
45:
33:
19:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3504:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3444:
3428:Life expectancy
3416:genetic history
3387:
3322:Classical music
3269:
3258:Bologna Process
3221:Ages of consent
3195:
3105:Budget revenues
3088:
3057:
2998:
2892:
2824:
2769:
2659:
2631:
2589:Early modernity
2543:
2534:
2504:
2499:
2481:
2402:
2381:
2372:2011 FTA Treaty
2345:
2314:
2264:
2247:
2226:
2206:
2146:
2066:
2040:
2035:
2005:
2000:
1950:
1917:
1864:
1859:
1829:
1824:
1766:
1733:
1705:
1667:
1662:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1598:"Transit Visas"
1596:
1595:
1591:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1318:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1238:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1166:Wayback Machine
1156:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
987:
982:Wayback Machine
973:
969:
956:
955:
951:
942:
941:
937:
928:
926:
917:
916:
912:
908:
826:
766:Wayback Machine
736:Wayback Machine
701:
691:Wayback Machine
674:
666:
665:
654:
652:
649:
645:
643:
635:
633:
625:
623:
615:
613:
605:
597:
546:
473:free-trade area
388:
377:
371:
368:
357:
348:has an unclear
342:
338:
279:
269:
257:
245:
229:
213:
201:
191:
176:
156:
144:
142:
141:
129:
127:
126:
114:
112:
111:
99:
97:
96:
84:
82:
81:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3600:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3587:Customs unions
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3526:
3514:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3470:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3315:film festivals
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3279:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2902:
2900:
2898:European Union
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Extreme points
2715:
2713:Climate change
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:Late antiquity
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Russian Empire
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2362:Economic Court
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1962:Russian Empire
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1923:
1922:Infrastructure
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1616:External links
1614:
1612:
1611:
1589:
1556:
1523:
1490:
1457:
1424:
1391:
1388:on 2013-09-01.
1373:
1355:
1330:
1321:|journal=
1277:
1250:
1248:(14 June 2013)
1227:
1205:
1194:
1170:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1023:
996:
985:
967:
964:on 2014-10-31.
960:Archived from
949:
935:
909:
907:
904:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
875:European Union
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
825:
822:
796:
795:
781:
780:
776:
653:
644:
634:
624:
614:
610:European Union
604:
596:
593:
581:
580:
571:
570:
545:
542:
390:
389:
350:citation style
345:
343:
336:
284:
283:
280:
277:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
250:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
230:
227:
224:
223:
220:
206:
205:
202:
200:• Density
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
166:
165:
164:1 January 2010
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
139:
124:
109:
94:
78:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3599:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3411:Ethnic groups
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3117:GDP (nominal)
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3009:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2982:Schengen Area
2980:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2758:by population
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
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1977:
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1968:
1965:
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1941:
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1699:
1697:
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1692:
1689:
1687:
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1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1673:Member states
1670:
1666:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1625:
1620:
1619:
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1599:
1593:
1590:
1579:on 2014-02-21
1575:
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1557:
1546:on 2014-02-21
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1513:on 2014-02-21
1509:
1502:
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1480:on 2014-02-21
1476:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1447:on 2014-02-21
1443:
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1425:
1414:on 2014-02-21
1410:
1403:
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1387:
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1345:on 2013-10-14
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1068:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:
989:
986:
983:
979:
976:
971:
968:
963:
959:
953:
950:
945:
939:
936:
925:on 2014-02-04
924:
920:
914:
911:
905:
901:
900:Schengen Area
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
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851:
848:
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843:
841:
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836:
833:
831:
828:
827:
823:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
792:of Statistics
789:
785:
784:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
767:
763:
760:
754:
750:
747:
745:
740:
737:
733:
730:
726:
721:
719:
715:
711:
705:
697:
693:
692:
688:
685:
681:
672:
664:
660:
641:
631:
621:
620:United States
611:
601:
594:
592:
590:
586:
578:
577:
576:
575:
568:
564:
563:
562:
561:
554:
550:
543:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:
437:(CET) as the
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:customs union
416:
412:
404:
400:
399:
386:
383:
375:
365:
361:
356:
352:
351:
346:This article
344:
335:
334:
328:
323:
316:
311:
302:
295:
290:
281:
271:
261:
255:
247:
238:
234:
231:
221:
217:
211:
203:
193:
178:
163:
161:Establishment
159:
152:
140:
137:
125:
122:
110:
107:
95:
92:
80:
79:
77:
75:Member states
73:
70:
69:Customs union
67:
63:
60:
57:
50:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
3393:Demographics
3352:Christianity
3300:Architecture
3253:Universities
3161:Minimum wage
3100:Average wage
3073:
2604:Pax Europaea
2599:World War II
2457:Soviet Union
2436:
2386:Organization
2222:Turkmenistan
2132:Turkmenistan
2073:Participants
1979:Soviet Union
1939:
1910:
1869:Institutions
1602:. Retrieved
1592:
1581:. Retrieved
1574:the original
1559:
1548:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1526:
1515:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1493:
1482:. Retrieved
1475:the original
1460:
1449:. Retrieved
1442:the original
1427:
1416:. Retrieved
1409:the original
1394:
1386:the original
1376:
1367:
1358:
1347:. Retrieved
1343:the original
1333:
1312:cite journal
1300:. Retrieved
1293:the original
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1264:the original
1253:
1243:
1218:. Retrieved
1208:
1197:
1189:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1153:
1142:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1098:
1087:
1073:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1026:
1015:. Retrieved
988:
970:
962:the original
952:
938:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
913:
870:Soviet Union
802:transit visa
799:
770:
755:
751:
748:
741:
722:
706:
698:
694:
677:
582:
573:
572:
559:
558:
538:
519:
490:
466:
445:
438:
410:
395:
393:
378:
369:
354:
347:
268:• Total
228:• Total
175:• Total
55:Largest city
3423:Immigration
2987:Visa policy
2970:enlargement
2866:Open Balkan
2805:Integration
2648:Sovereignty
2594:World War I
2584:Middle Ages
2447:Union State
2261:(1993–2009)
2213:CIS Charter
2153:CIS Charter
2061:CIS Charter
1972:Pan-Slavism
1906:Enlargement
1302:23 December
1220:20 November
835:Union State
194:182,519,270
3546:Categories
3440:Retirement
3342:Philosophy
3337:Literature
3241:endangered
3134:per capita
3122:per capita
3110:per capita
2994:Statistics
2881:statistics
2795:Eurosphere
2569:Prehistory
2557:Chronology
2202:Uzbekistan
2197:Tajikistan
2182:Kyrgyzstan
2177:Kazakhstan
2167:Azerbaijan
2142:Uzbekistan
2127:Tajikistan
2112:Kyrgyzstan
2107:Kazakhstan
2097:Azerbaijan
1815:Uzbekistan
1810:Tajikistan
1762:Uzbekistan
1757:Tajikistan
1729:Uzbekistan
1696:Kyrgyzstan
1691:Kazakhstan
1583:2014-12-23
1550:2014-12-23
1517:2014-12-23
1484:2014-12-23
1451:2014-12-23
1418:2014-12-23
1349:2013-10-12
1270:25 October
1185:2018-12-28
1017:2018-12-28
929:2018-12-28
906:References
895:Trade bloc
818:Kyrgyzstan
814:Kazakhstan
663:Kazakhstan
589:Kazakhstan
514:Kyrgyzstan
502:Kazakhstan
372:April 2024
364:footnoting
248:USD 25,000
184:Population
136:Kyrgyzstan
121:Kazakhstan
3536:Economics
3433:by region
3293:sculpture
3248:Tattooing
3236:Languages
3226:Etiquette
3129:GDP (PPP)
3053:Transport
2923:Education
2911:relations
2738:Mountains
2669:Geography
2350:Economics
1805:Singapore
282:USD 8,000
258:(nominal)
38:Policy of
3475:Category
3378:Armorial
3347:Religion
3288:painting
2977:Politics
2955:Eurozone
2779:Politics
2765:Villages
2643:Military
2636:By topic
2541:articles
2495:Category
2319:Military
1747:Mongolia
1604:30 March
1162:Archived
978:Archived
824:See also
762:Archived
732:Archived
687:Archived
544:Overview
481:opt-outs
360:citation
237:trillion
3562:Eurasia
3498:Portals
3459:Outline
3374:Symbols
3362:Judaism
3327:Cuisine
3275:Culture
3263:Erasmus
3209:Society
3028:History
3012:Economy
2965:Members
2906:Economy
2743:Regions
2728:Islands
2723:Geology
2708:Climate
2549:History
2413:Georgia
2259:Georgia
2243:Ukraine
2238:Moldova
2187:Moldova
2172:Belarus
2162:Armenia
2137:Ukraine
2117:Moldova
2102:Belarus
2092:Armenia
1984:Comecon
1955:History
1820:Vietnam
1795:Moldova
1724:Moldova
1686:Belarus
1681:Armenia
810:Belarus
806:Armenia
659:Belarus
585:Belarus
574:Imports
510:Armenia
498:Belarus
469:customs
421:) is a
415:Russian
403:Russian
329:report.
106:Belarus
91:Armenia
3524:Europe
3480:Portal
3401:Ageing
3310:Cinema
3043:Energy
2748:Rivers
2703:Cities
2539:
2537:Europe
2273:Sports
2192:Russia
2122:Russia
2075:" (11)
2063:(1993)
2057:(1991)
2051:(1991)
1800:Serbia
1701:Russia
993:Census
779:Union.
671:Russia
667:
655:
648:
646:
638:
636:
628:
626:
618:
616:
608:
606:
560:Export
506:Russia
504:, and
256:
212:
151:Russia
148:
133:
118:
103:
88:
59:Moscow
3466:Index
3382:Flags
3369:Sport
3357:Islam
3332:Dance
2733:Lakes
2618:Delta
1785:Egypt
1780:China
1752:Syria
1577:(PDF)
1570:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
1537:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
1504:(PDF)
1478:(PDF)
1471:(PDF)
1445:(PDF)
1438:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1296:(PDF)
1289:(PDF)
710:IECEE
640:Japan
630:China
425:of 5
409:) or
305:Union
3512:Asia
3485:Maps
2621:cron
2616:and
2085:(11)
1790:Iran
1719:Cuba
1606:2018
1325:help
1304:2014
1272:2013
1222:2011
669:and
460:and
394:The
362:and
235:4.5
169:Area
65:Type
49:EAEU
3283:Art
3151:HDI
2810:Law
2215:(1)
1368:WWG
816:or
768:).
708:as
704:).
567:VAT
467:No
444:or
254:GDP
233:USD
216:PPP
210:GDP
3548::
3380:,
1366:.
1316::
1314:}}
1310:{{
1242:,
1230:^
1188:.
1160:.
1010:.
999:^
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808:,
746:.
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512:.
500:,
464:.
456:,
417::
405::
3500::
3384:)
3376:(
2529:e
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2016:v
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1840:v
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1608:.
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1553:.
1520:.
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1454:.
1421:.
1370:.
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1327:)
1323:(
1306:.
1274:.
1224:.
1081:.
1034:.
1020:.
932:.
413:(
401:(
385:)
379:(
374:)
370:(
366:.
317:.
296:.
218:)
214:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
