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234:. Pupae may be in the soil for one season or for several years due to prolonged larval diapause in some individuals. Adult weevils from an extended diapause, emerge, on the average, 1–10 days before those with a simple diapause. The emergence of adult weevils occur always from mid-August to early October. The emerged adults live in the canopy of the chestnut tree.
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Adults feed on chestnut foliage until nut kernels enter the dough stage in mid to late August. Although they can lay eggs any time after kernel filling, most eggs are laid after the bur begins to open. The adult female weevil drills a hole in a chestnut fruit and deposits one egg inside. The eggs are
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emerges from the egg it feeds on the developing chestnut. The larvae leave behind frass and excrement. Infested nuts may contain several weevil larvae or weevil burrows filled with excreta. Upon chestnuts fall, the larvae chew their way out of the nuts and retreat into the ground. They immediately
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Weevil damage can be reduced by gathering nuts daily to reduce development time before thermal treatment. Most insects in harvested fruits and nuts can be controlled by thermal treatments over a temperature range of 46-56 °C. Heating gathered chestnuts to 120°F (49°C) for 20 to 30 minutes kills
522:
Paparatti, B. and
Speranza, S. (1999). BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CHESTNUT WEEVIL (CURCULIO ELEPHAS GYLL.; COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) WITH THE ENTOMOPATHOGEN FUNGUS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALSAMO) VUILL. (DEUTEROMYCOTINA, HYPHOMYCETES)SP1¶. Acta Hortic. 494, 459-466 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.1999.494.69
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The larvae of the chestnut weevil must chew their way out of a fallen nut. Increased orchard infestation occurs mostly where chestnuts lie on the ground for a sufficient length of time, or where the trees produce many small fruits which remain behind at the harvest. This allows many larvae to
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When a summer is dry, some adults cannot emerge because of the hardness of the soil. Emergence success of females can be between 27–78% versus males. The result is that the sex ratio is female-biased before soil emergence and male-biased after. The year after a summer drought, many reproducing
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is the only insecticide registered in the US for chestnuts. Applications have proven effective if applied during the mating and early egg-laying period, from early August to mid-September. Other suggested control methods include the use of
275:. Planting chestnut orchards beside turkey oak or holm oak stands is not advised in Europe, because both trees are susceptible to the chestnut weevil. Infested holm oak and turkey oak acorns can pass weevils on to chestnut trees.
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C. Zhang, X. Dang, Y. Zhang, Technology of chestnut vacuum processing, Journal of
Shaanxi University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 19 (3) (2001), pp. 31-34 (in Chinese)
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Paparatti, B. and
Speranza, S. (2005). MANAGEMENT OF CHESTNUT WEEVIL (CURCULIO SPP.)1 , INSECT KEY-PEST IN CENTRAL ITALY. Acta Hortic. 693, 551-556 DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.693.72
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J.A. Johnson, S. Wang, J. Tang, Thermal death kinetics of fifth-instar Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Journal of
Economic Entomology, 96 (2) (2003), pp. 519-524
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J.A. Johnson, K.A. Valero, S. Wang, J. TangThermal death kinetics of red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Journal of
Economic Entomology, 97 (6) (2004), pp. 1868-
798:
535:
Asan, Cem (December 2017). "An innovative strategy for control of the chestnut weevil
Curculio elephas (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using Metarhizium brunneum".
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Mycoflora and market quality of chestnuts treated with hot water to control the chestnut weevil, JM Wells, JA Payne - Plant
Disease, 1980 - apsnet.org
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The adult weevils can be scouted and monitored for their presence by jarring the tree and counting fallen weevils on a white surface.
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larvae. Regular soil work is also unfavourable to its life habits. Chemical control of the pest is difficult or unsustainable.
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In China, in 2001, annually, about 20–30% of harvested chestnuts were wasted and spoiled by insect infestation and mildew.
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doi/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1995.tb01286.x/abstract Larval development variation and adult emergence in the chestnut weevil
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In
Hungary, in 1971, a warm, aerosol-based protection was developed for older trees, by Sifter and Bürgés.
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Seed growth suppression constrains the growth of seed parasites: premature acorn abscission reduces
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bury themselves several centimeters deep in the soil. The following July, the larvae turn into
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Timing the harvests to pick up the chestnuts as soon as they fall reduces the numbers of the
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In some chestnut-growing regions, infestation of the fruit by weevil larvae can reach 90%.
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strains ARSEF 4556 and V275 alone and in combination with the entomopathogenic nematodes
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by Dr Péter
Szentiványi. Chestnut – Agricultural Publisher. For Sarkpont Cc., Hungary.
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joints. Eggs hatch in five to seven days producing large, legless grubs. When the
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Menu, F (1993). "Strategies of emergence in the chestnut weevil
Curculio elephas".
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is not limited to the chestnut. It is also a main predator of the acorns of
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agents, such as fungi and physical controls such as radio waves and heat.
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around August 20, particularly strongly around noon and in sunny weather.
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Gyll.; Coleoptera, Curculionidae) with the entomopathogens fungus
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females may emerge from larvae with prolonged diapause.
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323:In Turkey, soil treatments underneath a gomu with
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372:(Balsamo) Vuill.(Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes).
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459:Bonal, R. & Muñoz, A. (2008).
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509:Gyllenhal (Col. Curculionidae).]
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178:. It is known commonly as the
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332:Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
900:. You can help Knowledge by
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182:. It is a serious pest of
957:Beetles described in 1836
952:Agricultural pest insects
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39:Scientific classification
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425:(3). Springer: 383–390.
208:in the United States.
318:biological pest control
896:-related article is a
334:have been successful.
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616:at Wikimedia Commons
543:. Elsevier: 147–153.
468:Ecological Entomology
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760:Fauna Europaea (new)
328:Metarhizium brunneum
205:Curculio caryatrypes
962:Curculioninae stubs
404:, Chestnut Weevils
295:swarms in chestnut
431:10.1007/BF00317509
377:2018-07-03 at the
370:Beauveria bassiana
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62:Kingdom:
56:Eukaryota
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303:Controls
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261:holm oak
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232:pupae
227:larva
898:stub
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