Knowledge (XXG)

Cyclophilin

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26: 508: 2127: 363: 919:"A distinct sequence in the adenine nucleotide translocase from Artemia franciscana embryos is associated with insensitivity to bongkrekate and atypical effects of adenine nucleotides on Ca2+ uptake and sequestration" 1094: 873:
Menze MA, Hutchinson K, Laborde SM, Hand SC (July 2005). "Mitochondrial permeability transition in the crustacean Artemia franciscana: absence of a calcium-regulated pore in the face of profound calcium storage".
1087: 1080: 167: 1707: 1475: 1006: 441: 1528: 1616: 824:"Complex contribution of cyclophilin D to Ca2+-induced permeability transition in brain mitochondria, with relation to the bioenergetic state" 115: 432:
Cyclophilin D (PPIF, note that literature is confusing, the mitochondrial cyclophilin is encoded by the PPIF gene), which is located in the
464:. Cyclophilin D is thought to regulate the opening of the pore because cyclosporin A, which binds to CyP-D, inhibits the pore opening. 1700: 467:
However, mitochondria obtained from the cysts of Artemia franciscana, do not exhibit the mitochondrial permeability transition pore
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Hacker J, Fischer G (November 1993). "Immunophilins: structure-function relationship and possible role in microbial pathogenicity".
589:"Structural and evolutionary relationships among the immunophilins: two ubiquitous families of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases" 552:
Stamnes MA, Rutherford SL, Zuker CS (September 1992). "Cyclophilins: a new family of proteins involved in intracellular folding".
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Thali M, Bukovsky A, Kondo E, et al. (24 November 1994). "Functional association of cyclophilin A with HIV-1 virions".
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Overexpression of Cyclophilin A has been linked to poor response to inflammatory diseases, the progression or
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J&J targets degenerative diseases in cyclophilin inhibitor partnership. Dan Stanton. 08-Dec-2015
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virus infection, and its incorporation into new virus particles is essential for HIV-1 infectivity.
2152: 1956: 266: 1889: 899: 753: 702: 618: 1480: 456:, increases the matrix volume, and disrupts the mitochondrial outer membrane. As a result, the 2147: 1561: 1556: 1507: 1488: 1041: 989: 940: 891: 855: 804: 745: 694: 659: 610: 569: 211: 162: 39: 1606: 1586: 1576: 1571: 1541: 1935: 1930: 1904: 1832: 1813: 1649: 1460: 1031: 979: 971: 930: 883: 845: 835: 794: 784: 737: 686: 649: 600: 561: 342: 223: 219: 351: 346: 154: 1982: 1966: 1879: 1402: 1393: 1256: 1110: 406: 251: 1062: 773:"Properties of the permeability transition pore in mitochondria devoid of Cyclophilin D" 733: 2131: 2020: 1961: 1166: 984: 959: 850: 823: 690: 654: 637: 460:
fall into a functional disorder, so the opening of the pore plays an important role in
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Basso E, Fante L, Fowlkes J, Petronilli V, Forte MA, Bernardi P (May 2005).
440:, is only a modulatory, but may or may not be a structural component of the 410: 258: 227: 1045: 993: 975: 944: 895: 859: 808: 789: 772: 573: 749: 698: 663: 614: 420:
Cyclophilin A is also known to be recruited by the Gag polyprotein during
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Human genes encoding proteins containing the cyclophilin domain include:
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and highly abundant protein. The protein belongs to a family of
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by halting the production of the pro-inflammatory molecules
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have been found within single cells, including inside the
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Doczi J, Turiák L, Vajda S, et al. (February 2011).
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Konràd C, Kiss G, Töröcsik B, et al. (March 2011).
19:
Cyclophilin type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase/CLD
519: 2115: 638:"Peptidylproline cis-trans-isomerases: immunophilins" 2011: 1975: 1944: 1913: 1862: 1732: 1615: 1527: 1506: 1453: 1421: 1386: 1356: 1347: 1318: 1298: 1274: 1265: 1249: 1240: 1233: 1213: 1190: 1157: 1128: 1117: 181: 161: 143: 138: 114: 102: 90: 77: 65: 57: 52: 18: 444:. The pore opening raises the permeability of the 405:, the inhibition of which is thought to suppress 960:"Cyclophilin A: a key player for human disease" 958:Nigro, P; Pompilio, G; Capogrossi, M C (2013). 587:Trandinh CC, Pao GM, Saier MH (December 1992). 1840: 1701: 1088: 8: 876:Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol 1847: 1833: 1825: 1708: 1694: 1686: 1353: 1271: 1246: 1237: 1125: 1095: 1081: 1073: 442:mitochondrial permeability transition pore 366:Cyclophilin A + HIV peptid (green), Human. 135: 24: 1065:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1035: 983: 934: 849: 839: 798: 788: 653: 604: 2122: 544: 265:, including cyclophilins B and C, and 15: 1018:Naoumov, Nikolai V. (November 2014). 206:named after their ability to bind to 7: 269:cyclophilin-related protein. Major 691:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb00917.x 655:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18189.x 214:which is usually used to suppress 14: 1221:Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor 33:of cyclophilin A in complex with 2125: 936:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.08001.x 506: 492:Cyclophilin inhibitors, such as 496:, are being developed to treat 1433:(with two glycoprotein chains 1: 1529:Killer-cell IG-like receptors 139:Available protein structures: 566:10.1016/0962-8924(92)90200-7 488:Cyclophilins as drug targets 446:mitochondrial inner membrane 1617:Leukocyte IG-like receptors 606:10.1096/fasebj.6.15.1464374 2169: 1108:immunoglobulin superfamily 1037:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.008 888:10.1152/ajpregu.00844.2004 636:Galat A (September 1993). 498:neurodegenerative diseases 2003:Michaelis–Menten kinetics 250:residues and facilitates 134: 23: 1895:Diffusion-limited enzyme 1067:Medical Subject Headings 1104:Transmembrane receptors 841:10.1074/jbc.M110.196600 202:(CYPs) are a family of 976:10.1038/cddis.2013.410 964:Cell Death and Disease 790:10.1074/jbc.C500089200 484:of cancer, and aging. 367: 285:Mammalian cyclophilins 1988:Eadie–Hofstee diagram 1921:Allosteric regulation 1024:Journal of Hepatology 471:Clinical significance 365: 275:Endoplasmic reticulum 1998:Lineweaver–Burk plot 454:mitochondrial matrix 277:, and some are even 210:(cyclosporin A), an 1454:Accessory molecules 1319:Accessory molecules 734:1994Natur.372..363T 452:molecules into the 448:, allows influx of 381:structure with two 267:natural killer cell 257:Cyclophilin A is a 1957:Enzyme superfamily 1890:Enzyme promiscuity 1518:cytokine receptors 1118:Antibody receptor: 518:. You can help by 368: 2113: 2112: 1822: 1821: 1683: 1682: 1508:Cytokine receptor 1502: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1343: 1342: 1314: 1313: 1229: 1228: 728:(6504): 363–365. 536: 535: 220:organ transplants 212:immunosuppressant 197: 196: 193: 192: 188:structure summary 2160: 2130: 2129: 2121: 1993:Hanes–Woolf plot 1936:Enzyme activator 1931:Enzyme inhibitor 1905:Enzyme catalysis 1849: 1842: 1835: 1826: 1814:Prolyl isomerase 1710: 1703: 1696: 1687: 1387:Antigen receptor 1354: 1272: 1250:Antigen receptor 1247: 1238: 1234:Antigen receptor 1192:Alpha (α)/mu (μ) 1126: 1111:immune receptors 1097: 1090: 1083: 1074: 1050: 1049: 1039: 1030:(5): 1166–1174. 1015: 1009: 1004: 998: 997: 987: 955: 949: 948: 938: 914: 908: 907: 870: 864: 863: 853: 843: 819: 813: 812: 802: 792: 783:(19): 18558–61. 768: 762: 761: 742:10.1038/372363a0 717: 711: 710: 674: 668: 667: 657: 633: 627: 626: 608: 584: 578: 577: 554:Trends Cell Biol 549: 531: 528: 510: 503: 226:activity, which 224:prolyl isomerase 136: 46: 28: 16: 2168: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2124: 2116: 2114: 2109: 2021:Oxidoreductases 2007: 1983:Enzyme kinetics 1971: 1967:List of enzymes 1940: 1909: 1880:Catalytic triad 1858: 1853: 1823: 1818: 1728: 1714: 1684: 1679: 1611: 1523: 1494: 1449: 1417: 1382: 1339: 1310: 1294: 1261: 1225: 1209: 1186: 1153: 1119: 1113: 1101: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1005: 1001: 957: 956: 952: 916: 915: 911: 872: 871: 867: 821: 820: 816: 770: 769: 765: 719: 718: 714: 676: 675: 671: 642:Eur. J. Biochem 635: 634: 630: 599:(15): 3410–20. 586: 585: 581: 551: 550: 546: 541: 532: 526: 523: 516:needs expansion 490: 478: 473: 430: 407:organ rejection 360: 287: 252:protein folding 218:after internal 48: 38: 37:(yellow). From 12: 11: 5: 2166: 2164: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2094: 2081: 2068: 2055: 2042: 2029: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1954: 1948: 1946: 1945:Classification 1942: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1837: 1829: 1820: 1819: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1705: 1698: 1690: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1621: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1512: 1510: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1427: 1425: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1362: 1360: 1351: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1278: 1276: 1269: 1263: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1253: 1251: 1244: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1194: 1188: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1163: 1161: 1155: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1140: 1134: 1132: 1123: 1115: 1114: 1102: 1100: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1058: 1057:External links 1055: 1052: 1051: 1010: 999: 950: 909: 865: 834:(8): 6345–53. 814: 763: 712: 679:Mol. Microbiol 669: 648:(3): 689–707. 628: 579: 543: 542: 540: 537: 534: 533: 513: 511: 489: 486: 477: 474: 472: 469: 429: 426: 359: 356: 355: 354: 349: 324: 286: 283: 195: 194: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 165: 159: 158: 148: 141: 140: 132: 131: 118: 112: 111: 106: 100: 99: 94: 88: 87: 82: 75: 74: 69: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 50: 49: 31:Ribbon diagram 29: 21: 20: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2165: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2145: 2143: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962:Enzyme family 1960: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1926:Cooperativity 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885:Oxyanion hole 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1490: 1486: 1483:(also called 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1346: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1222: 1219: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1149: 1148:C-type lectin 1145: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1093: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1056: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1003: 1000: 995: 991: 986: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 954: 951: 946: 942: 937: 932: 929:(5): 822–36. 928: 924: 920: 913: 910: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 882:(1): R68–76. 881: 877: 869: 866: 861: 857: 852: 847: 842: 837: 833: 829: 828:J. Biol. Chem 825: 818: 815: 810: 806: 801: 800:11577/1474540 796: 791: 786: 782: 778: 777:J. Biol. Chem 774: 767: 764: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 716: 713: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 685:(3): 445–56. 684: 680: 673: 670: 665: 661: 656: 651: 647: 643: 639: 632: 629: 624: 620: 616: 612: 607: 602: 598: 594: 590: 583: 580: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 548: 545: 538: 530: 527:December 2015 521: 517: 514:This section 512: 509: 505: 504: 501: 499: 495: 487: 485: 483: 475: 470: 468: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 428:Cyclophilin D 427: 425: 423: 418: 416: 415:interleukin 2 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 383:alpha helices 380: 376: 372: 371:Cyclophilin A 364: 358:Cyclophilin A 357: 353: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 325: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 292: 291: 290: 284: 282: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 236:peptide bonds 233: 232:isomerization 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 189: 186: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 137: 133: 130: 126: 122: 119: 117: 113: 110: 107: 105: 101: 98: 95: 93: 89: 86: 83: 80: 76: 73: 70: 68: 64: 61:Pro_isomerase 60: 56: 51: 45: 41: 36: 32: 27: 22: 17: 2099:Translocases 2096: 2083: 2070: 2057: 2044: 2034:Transferases 2031: 2018: 1875:Binding site 1803: 1515: 1423:Co-receptors 1376:MHC class II 1063:Cyclophilins 1027: 1023: 1013: 1002: 970:(10): e888. 967: 963: 953: 926: 922: 912: 879: 875: 868: 831: 827: 817: 780: 776: 766: 725: 721: 715: 682: 678: 672: 645: 641: 631: 596: 592: 582: 560:(9): 272–6. 557: 553: 547: 524: 520:adding to it 515: 491: 479: 466: 458:mitochondria 438:mitochondria 431: 419: 369: 288: 256: 243: 239: 200:Cyclophilins 199: 198: 1870:Active site 1804:Cyclophilin 1371:MHC class I 1267:Co-receptor 1130:Epsilon (ε) 1121:Fc receptor 494:cyclosporin 403:calcineurin 399:phosphatase 397:-dependent 379:beta barrel 208:ciclosporin 53:Identifiers 35:ciclosporin 2153:Isomerases 2142:Categories 2073:Isomerases 2047:Hydrolases 1914:Regulation 1717:Isomerases 1275:stimulate: 539:References 482:metastasis 462:cell death 395:calmodulin 387:beta-sheet 151:structures 1952:EC number 1721:geometric 1214:Secretory 1159:Gamma (γ) 450:cytosolic 411:TNF alpha 259:cytosolic 228:catalyzes 216:rejection 109:PDOC00154 97:IPR002130 2148:EC 5.2.1 1976:Kinetics 1900:Cofactor 1863:Activity 1809:Parvulin 1562:KIR2DL5B 1557:KIR2DL5A 1299:inhibit: 1182:Neonatal 1046:25048953 994:24176846 945:21205213 896:15718386 860:21173147 809:15792954 707:13160331 623:30435500 574:14731520 476:Diseases 377:, has a 279:secreted 271:isoforms 263:isozymes 246:form at 242:form to 204:proteins 168:RCSB PDB 92:InterPro 47:​. 2132:Biology 2086:Ligases 1856:Enzymes 1802:other: 1607:KIR3DS1 1602:KIR3DL3 1597:KIR3DL2 1592:KIR3DL1 1587:KIR2DS5 1582:KIR2DS4 1577:KIR2DS3 1572:KIR2DS2 1567:KIR2DS1 1552:KIR2DL4 1547:KIR2DL3 1542:KIR2DL2 1537:KIR2DL1 1481:ζ-chain 1358:Ligands 1349:T cells 1242:B cells 1177:FcγRIII 985:3920964 904:8352110 851:3057831 758:4371206 750:7969495 730:Bibcode 699:7526121 664:8404888 615:1464374 593:FASEB J 391:calcium 375:cytosol 248:proline 104:PROSITE 72:PF00160 2118:Portal 2060:Lyases 1791:FKBP10 1751:FKBP1B 1746:FKBP1A 1675:LILRB5 1670:LILRB4 1665:LILRB3 1660:LILRB2 1655:LILRB1 1650:LILRA6 1645:LILRA5 1640:LILRA4 1635:LILRA3 1630:LILRA2 1625:LILRA1 1205:Fcα/μR 1172:FcγRII 1144:FcεRII 1069:(MeSH) 1044:  992:  982:  943:  923:FEBS J 902:  894:  858:  848:  807:  756:  748:  722:Nature 705:  697:  662:  621:  613:  572:  434:matrix 385:and a 343:PPIAL4 183:PDBsum 157:  147:  129:SUPFAM 85:CL0475 58:Symbol 2012:Types 1796:FKBPL 1786:FKBP9 1781:FKBP8 1776:FKBP6 1771:FKBP5 1766:FKBP4 1761:FKBP3 1756:FKBP2 1734:5.2.1 1200:FcαRI 1167:FcγRI 1138:FcεRI 900:S2CID 754:S2CID 703:S2CID 619:S2CID 422:HIV-1 352:PPWD1 347:PPIL6 339:PPIL4 335:PPIL3 331:PPIL2 327:PPIL1 240:trans 238:from 125:SCOPe 116:SCOP2 2104:list 2097:EC7 2091:list 2084:EC6 2078:list 2071:EC5 2065:list 2058:EC4 2052:list 2045:EC3 2039:list 2032:EC2 2026:list 2019:EC1 1742:FKBP 1727:5.2) 1516:see 1489:TCRζ 1487:and 1485:CD3ζ 1476:CD3ε 1471:CD3δ 1466:CD3γ 1439:CD8β 1437:and 1435:CD8α 1413:TRG@ 1408:TRD@ 1403:TRB@ 1398:TRA@ 1334:CD79 1330:Ig-β 1326:Ig-α 1306:CD22 1290:CD81 1286:CD19 1282:CD21 1042:PMID 990:PMID 941:PMID 892:PMID 856:PMID 805:PMID 746:PMID 695:PMID 660:PMID 611:PMID 570:PMID 413:and 322:PPIH 318:PPIG 314:PPIF 310:PPIE 306:PPID 302:PPIC 298:PPIB 294:PPIA 230:the 176:PDBj 172:PDBe 155:ECOD 145:Pfam 121:1cyh 81:clan 79:Pfam 67:Pfam 44:1CWA 1461:CD3 1445:CD4 1431:CD8 1394:TCR 1366:MHC 1257:BCR 1146:is 1032:doi 980:PMC 972:doi 931:doi 927:278 884:doi 880:289 846:PMC 836:doi 832:286 795:hdl 785:doi 781:280 738:doi 726:372 687:doi 650:doi 646:216 601:doi 562:doi 522:. 436:of 312:, 244:cis 234:of 163:PDB 40:PDB 2144:: 1744:: 1725:EC 1719:: 1396:: 1106:: 1040:. 1028:61 1026:. 1022:. 988:. 978:. 966:. 962:. 939:. 925:. 921:. 898:. 890:. 878:. 854:. 844:. 830:. 826:. 803:. 793:. 779:. 775:. 752:. 744:. 736:. 724:. 701:. 693:. 683:10 681:. 658:. 644:. 640:. 617:. 609:. 595:. 591:. 568:. 556:. 417:. 401:, 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Index


Ribbon diagram
ciclosporin
PDB
1CWA
Pfam
PF00160
Pfam
CL0475
InterPro
IPR002130
PROSITE
PDOC00154
SCOP2
1cyh
SCOPe
SUPFAM
Pfam
structures
ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB
PDBe
PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
proteins
ciclosporin
immunosuppressant
rejection

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