275:
225:
372:, etc. Cyanoacrylate is warmed to produce fumes that react with the invisible fingerprint residues and atmospheric moisture to form a white polymer (polycyanoacrylate) on the fingerprint ridges. The ridges can then be recorded. The developed fingerprints are, on most surfaces (except on white plastic or similar), visible to the naked eye. Invisible or poorly visible prints can be further enhanced by applying a luminescent or non-luminescent stain.
22:
170:
262:
141:, which in turn repackaged and distributed it under a different brand name "Loctite Quick Set 404". In 1971, Loctite developed its own manufacturing technology and introduced its own line of cyanoacrylate, called "Super Bonder". Loctite quickly gained market share, and by the late 1970s it was believed to have exceeded Eastman Kodak's share in the
800:
727:
refrigerate it. Cyanoacrylates are moisture-sensitive, and moving from a cool to a hot location will create condensation; after removing from the refrigerator, it is best to let the adhesive reach room temperature before opening. After opening, it should be used within 30 days. Open containers should not be refrigerated.
731:
Another manufacturer says that the maximum shelf life of 12 months is obtained for some of their cyanoacrylates if the original containers are stored at 35 to 40 °F (2 to 4 °C). User forums and some manufacturers say that an almost unlimited shelf life is attainable by storing unopened at
551:
Cyanoacrylate adhesives may adhere to body parts, and injuries may occur when parts of the skin are torn off. Without force, however, the glue will spontaneously separate from the skin in time (up to four days). The glue can also cause chemical burns, and exposed skin should be washed with soap and
726:
When kept unopened in a cool, dry location such as a refrigerator at a temperature of about 55 °F (13 °C), the shelf life of cyanoacrylate will be extended from about one year from manufacture to at least 15 months. If the adhesive is to be used within six months, it is not necessary to
490:, wood instruments, and wood furniture. Cyanoacrylate glue is also used in the finishing of pen blanks (wooden blanks for turning pens) that have been turned on a lathe by applying multiple thin layers to build up a hard, clear finish that can then be sanded and polished to a glossy finish.
736:, and allowing the contents to reach room temperature before use. Opening a container while chilled may cause moisture from the air to condense in the container; however, reports from hobbyists suggest that storing cyanoacrylate in a freezer can preserve opened cyanoacrylate indefinitely.
517:
to arrow shafts. Some special fletching glues are primarily cyanoacrylate repackaged in special fletching glue kits. Such tubes often have a long, thin metal nozzle for improved precision in applying the glue to the base of the fletching and to ensure secure bonding to the arrow shaft.
340:-butyl cyanoacrylate for medical applications) have come to be used for specific applications. Three cyanoacrylate compounds are currently available as topical skin adhesives. 2-Octyl cyanoacrylate is marketed as Dermabond, SurgiSeal, and more LiquiBand Exceed.
216:
in the air causes a thin skin to start to form within seconds, which very greatly slows the reaction; hence, cyanoacrylates are applied as thin coats to ensure that the reaction proceeds rapidly for bonding. Cyanoacrylate adhesives generally have a short
249:, and tightening pins and bolts. It is also used in conjunction with another slower, but more resilient, adhesive as a way of rapidly forming a joint, which then holds the pieces in the appropriate configuration until the second adhesive has set.
347:
The ester substituent has several effects upon the biocompatibility of the adhesive. Longer side chains result in higher flexibility of the cured adhesive allowing a better match for the flexibility of skin, and can result in a slower release of
252:
Cyanoacrylate-based glue has a weak bond with smooth surfaces and as such easily gives to friction; a good example of this is the fact that cyanoacrylates may be removed from human skin by means of abrasives (e.g. sugar or sandpaper).
556:
near, on, and around the glue. If glue gets in eyes, serious injuries can occur. In any case of adhesives getting in or around the eyes, the eye(s) should be rinsed with lukewarm water for 15 minutes and medical care obtained.
297:(FDA) did not approve its use as a medical adhesive until 1998 with Dermabond (2-octyl cyanoacrylate). A 1986 independent study suggests that cyanoacrylate can be safer and more functional for wound closure than traditional
134:, Coover and a colleague, Fred Joyner, rediscovered cyanoacrylates. The two realized the true commercial potential, and a form of the adhesive was first sold in 1958 under the title "Eastman #910" (later "Eastman 910").
612:
have concluded that the use of ethyl cyanoacrylate is safe and that additional study is unnecessary. The compound 2-octyl cyanoacrylate degrades much more slowly due to its longer organic backbone (series of
237:
Cyanoacrylates are mainly used as adhesives. Thin layers bond effectively, thick layers much less so. They bond many substances, including human skin and tissues, natural fibres, cotton, wool, and leather.
759:
Ohara, Takashi; Sato, Takahisa; Shimizu, Noboru; Prescher, Günter; Schwind, Helmut; Weiberg, Otto; Marten, Klaus; Greim, Helmut; Shaffer, Timothy D.; Nandi, Partha (2020). "Acrylic Acid and
Derivatives".
282:
Cyanoacrylate glue is widely used in human and veterinary medicine. It was in veterinary use for mending bone, hide, and tortoise shell by the early 1970s or before. A cyanoacrylate spray was used in the
312:
due to inactivity or accidents) with cyanoacrylates. While the glue is not very toxic and wears off quickly with shed skin, applying large quantities of glue and its fumes directly to the skin can cause
1132:
Pascual, Gemma; Sotomayor, Sandra; Rodríguez, Marta; Pérez-Köhler, Bárbara; Kühnhardt, Andreé; Fernández-Gutiérrez, Mar; San Román, Julio; Bellón, Juan Manuel (20 June 2016). Passi, Alberto G (ed.).
130:
stumbled upon a formulation that stuck to everything with which it came in contact. The team quickly rejected the substance for the wartime application, but in 1951, while working as researchers for
245:
strength, which has led to its use as a temporary adhesive in cases where the piece needs to be sheared off later. Common examples include mounting a workpiece to a sacrificial glue block on a
149:
purchased
Eastman Kodak's cyanoacrylate business and combined it with several acquisitions made throughout the 1970s forming Permabond. Other manufacturers of cyanoacrylate include LePage (a
586:
459:
which must be cured to be safe. However, as a class of adhesives, traditional cyanoacrylates are classified as having "weak" resistance to both moisture and heat although the inclusion of
161:. Together, Loctite, Eastman, and Permabond accounted for approximately 75% of the industrial cyanoacrylate market. As of 2019 Permabond continued to manufacture the original 910 formula.
722:
Cyanoacrylate adhesives have a short shelf life. Date-stamped containers help to ensure that the adhesive is still viable. One manufacturer supplies the following information and advice:
620:
molecules) and the adhesive does not reach the threshold of tissue toxicity. Due to the toxicity issues of ethyl cyanoacrylate, the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate for sutures is preferred.
301:(stitches). Although cyanoacrylates are widely used for sutureless wound repair, "existing adhesives still lack sufficient adhesion strength to completely replace sutures and staples."
2179:
308:
use cyanoacrylate to repair damage to the skin on their fingertips. Similarly, stringed-instrument players can form protective finger caps (typically, when they lose their
762:
601:. There is no singular measurement of toxicity for all cyanoacrylate adhesives because of the large number of adhesives that contain various cyanoacrylate formulations.
739:
As cyanoacrylates age, they polymerize, become thicker, and cure more slowly. They can be thinned with a cyanoacrylate of the same chemical composition with lower
344:-Butyl cyanoacrylate is marketed as Histoacryl, Indermil, GluStitch, GluSeal, PeriAcryl, and LiquiBand. The compound ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate is available as Epiglu.
1963:
212:), forming long, strong chains, joining the bonded surfaces together. Because the presence of moisture causes the glue to set, exposure to normal levels of
103:
569:
of the cured polymers producing gaseous products that are highly irritating. They are immediately polymerized by the moisture in the membranes and become
1996:
1891:
952:
1457:
798:, Alan E. Ardis, "Preparation of monomeric alkyl alpha-cyano-acrylates", issued 19 April 1949, assigned to B.F. Goodrich Company.
672:
for cyanoacrylate instruct users not to wear cotton (jeans) or wool clothing, especially cotton gloves, when applying or handling cyanoacrylates.
99:
1793:
185:. Several related esters are known. To facilitate easy handling, a cyanoacrylate monomer is frequently formulated with an ingredient such as
1389:
1364:
2188:
1199:
Mizrahi, Boaz; Stefanescu, Cristina F.; Yang, Celine; Lawlor, Michael W.; Ko, Dennis; Langer, Robert; Kohane, Daniel S. (August 2011).
1134:"Cytotoxicity of Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesives and Short-Term Preclinical In Vivo Biocompatibility in Abdominal Hernia Repair"
687:(or at hardware stores in pure form), is a widely available solvent capable of softening cured cyanoacrylate. Other solvents include
1250:
779:
294:
1087:
274:
2159:
1272:
2115:
Vinters, H. V.; Galil, K. A.; Lundie, M. J.; Kaufmann, J. C. (1985). "The histotoxicity of cyanoacrylates. A selective review".
1325:
1979:
1427:
814:
1031:
2249:
1818:
Moschos, M.; Droutsas, D.; Boussalis, P.; Tsioulias, G. (1997). "Clinical experience with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive".
2229:
482:, may be used to control the rate at which the cyanoacrylate cures. Cyanoacrylate glue is also used in combination with
436:
293:-Butyl cyanoacrylate has been used medically since the 1970s. In the US, due to its potential to irritate the skin, the
146:
1934:
Shantha, K. L.; Krishnamurti, N.; Krishnamurti, N. (1989). "Developments and applications of cyanoacrylate adhesives".
950:
Singer, A. J.; McClain, S. A.; Katz, A. (2004). "A porcine epistaxis model: hemostatic effects of octylcyanoacrylate".
352:
after curing. Alkoxy-ethyl substituents have also been investigated and have shown some promise as a medical adhesive.
2234:
2050:
Hayes, Sharon Caskey (11 July 2004). "Discovery of Super Glue helped land Coover in
National Inventors Hall of Fame".
743:. Storing cyanoacrylates below 0 °F (−18 °C) will nearly stop the polymerization process and prevent aging.
669:
609:
605:
582:
573:. These risks can be minimized by using cyanoacrylate in well-ventilated areas. About 5% of the population can become
205:
380:
Cyanoacrylate is used in the cosmetology and beauty industry as an eyelash extension glue, or a "nail glue" for some
221:—about one year from manufacture if unopened, and one month once opened, but this can be extended by refrigeration.
78:(used in medical, veterinary and first aid applications). Cyanoacrylate adhesives are sometimes known generically as
574:
2068:
Perry, L. C. "An evaluation of acute incisional strength with
Traumaseal surgical tissue adhesive wound closure".
1960:
2244:
2174:
425:
325:
2204:
1471:
1666:
2000:
1268:"Similarities in the packaging of cyanoacrylate nail glue and ophthalmic preparations: an ongoing problem"
590:
115:
75:
1405:
493:
Some hobby applications call for cyanoacrylate glue mixed with inorganic fillers such as baking soda (
2077:
Quinn, J. & Kissack, J. (1994). "Tissue
Adhesives for Laceration Repair During Sporting Events".
1889:
Duvvi, Sham K.; Lo, Stephen; Kumar, R.; Spraggs, P. (2005). "Superglue (Cyanoacrylate) in the Nose".
1145:
1095:
56:
455:(epoxy putty) to allow the new fragment to grow out. It is safe to use directly in the tank, unlike
1786:
849:
711:
704:
684:
487:
389:
182:
174:
71:
64:
60:
37:
2031:
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365:
242:
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2132:
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1307:
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775:
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1107:
2124:
2086:
2018:
1943:
1900:
1827:
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1581:
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1526:
1297:
1281:
1220:
1212:
1171:
1153:
961:
925:
890:
767:
570:
566:
420:. Their effectiveness in bonding metal and general versatility have made them popular among
381:
224:
157:
in 1996), the
Permabond Division of National Starch and Chemical, which was a subsidiary of
2024:
1967:
1254:
1091:
1035:
432:
1721:
1247:
486:(from a saw or sanding) to fill voids and cracks. These repair methods are used on piano
1577:
1149:
1084:
1048:
320:
While standard "superglue" is 100% ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate, many custom formulations (e.g.
1705:
1586:
1561:
1302:
1267:
1225:
1200:
1176:
1133:
999:
535:
413:
409:
198:
194:
119:
98:
474:
of live plants to pieces of wood or stone. Thin cyanoacrylate glue has application in
2218:
2090:
1517:
Clarke, T.F.E. (2011). "Cyanoacrylate glue burn in a child – lessons to be learned".
910:
614:
553:
498:
333:
314:
305:
209:
142:
131:
2144:
2098:
1920:
1847:
1333:
981:
21:
1637:
688:
665:
440:
349:
329:
186:
169:
127:
123:
1435:
818:
771:
1904:
1216:
1158:
965:
287:
to reduce bleeding in wounded soldiers until they could be taken to a hospital.
1028:
894:
641:
637:
475:
467:
421:
401:
284:
1764:
1530:
668:. The heat released may cause serious burns or release irritating white smoke.
278:
An incision wound closed with
Dermabond, a cyanoacrylate-based medical adhesive
2194:
2106:
Schwade, Nathan D. (10 April 2002). "Wound
Adhesives, 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate".
1861:
1497:
1067:
661:
657:
218:
63:(ECA, commonly sold under trade names such as "Super Glue" and "Krazy Glue"),
1729:
1538:
1293:
1167:
384:
enhancements such as nail tips and nail wraps, and is sometimes mistaken for
90:. The abbreviation "CA" is commonly used for industrial grade cyanoacrylate.
2169:
1947:
740:
514:
448:
405:
385:
1912:
1772:
1595:
1546:
1311:
1234:
1185:
973:
902:
795:
2136:
1839:
1737:
1285:
1015:
471:
456:
452:
444:
361:
298:
213:
158:
33:
2128:
1831:
1502:
839:
HBS, "Loctite
Corporation: Industrial Product Group," 15 July 1991, p.3
733:
680:
649:
527:
510:
483:
369:
261:
190:
138:
49:
45:
431:
Cyanoacrylate glue's ability to resist water has made it popular with
1201:"Elasticity and safety of alkoxyethyl cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives"
629:
617:
598:
470:
both freshwater and marine aquariums for the purpose of securing the
309:
154:
150:
118:
as an outgrowth of a search for materials suitable for clear plastic
111:
197:, creating a more impact resistant bond. Such additives may include
36:
with industrial, medical, and household uses. They are derived from
1751:
Clarke, TFE (March 2011). "Superglue (Cyanoacrylate) in the Nose".
193:
or gel-like. Formulations are available with additives to increase
2210:
Application note on measuring cure kinetics of cyanoacrylate glues
1670:
881:
Nam, Sungmin; Mooney, David (2021). "Polymeric Tissue
Adhesives".
633:
478:. It can be used as a fast-drying, glossy finish. An oil, such as
417:
273:
260:
246:
223:
201:, as in Loctite's "Ultra Gel", or others which are not specified.
168:
97:
41:
20:
732:−4 °F (−20 °C), the typical temperature of a domestic
653:
645:
531:
1458:"S-FIXX APX4 Ultra Strength Superglue Adhesive and Powders Kit"
1094:
from the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory of the
993:
991:
703:. Another viable solvent for removing cured cyanoacrylate is
577:
to cyanoacrylate fumes after repeated exposure, resulting in
1980:"MASTER BOND MB SERIES CYANOACRYLATES: Technical Data Sheet"
1753:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
1519:
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
2160:
Was Super Glue invented to seal battle wounds in Vietnam?
2030:
Fernandez, Tania & Bliskovsky, Val (2 January 2003).
2019:
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf10/K101276.pdf
1661:
1659:
710:. Commercial debonders are also available, many based on
628:
Applying cyanoacrylate to some natural materials such as
624:
Reaction with cotton, wool, and other fibrous materials
587:
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
102:
Harry Wesley Coover Jr. shortly before being awarded the
2025:
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf8/K083531.pdf
581:. Cyanoacrylate may also be a skin irritant, causing an
2199:
Alcohol-Catalyzed α-Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Compositions
2175:
Cyanoacrylate Adhesive / Super Glue Safety Data Sheets
1961:
Palm Labs Adhesives: Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Shelf Life
1704:
Eiferman, Richard A.; Snyder, James W. (1 June 1983).
817:. Lemelson-MIT Program. September 2004. Archived from
552:
warm water. Separation can be accelerated by applying
463:
reportedly counteracts both of these characteristics.
137:
During the 1960s, Eastman Kodak sold cyanoacrylate to
52:
in the presence of water to form long, strong chains.
1498:"Leon Paul Fencing || Foil Tip Maintenance"
25:
Structure of the backbone of a cyanoacrylate polymer.
1792:. Arrowhead Forensics. 14 May 2015. pp. 4, 6.
1787:"Microsoft Word - New Si 5-5000 SDS 14MAY15.docx"
1038:. climbingaction.com. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
1000:"Non-suture closure of wound using cyanoacrylate"
926:"Harry Coover, Super Glue's Inventor, Dies at 94"
126:effort. In 1942, a team of scientists headed by
1248:Eric W. Brown "The Cyanoacrylate Fuming Method"
2059:Jueneman, F. (August 1981). "Stick it to um".
763:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
530:to glue the blade wire into the groove of the
466:Cyanoacrylate glue is also used frequently in
400:Cyanoacrylates are used to assemble prototype
8:
1706:"Antibacterial Effect of Cyanoacrylate Glue"
1692:Methyl Cyanoacrylate and Ethyl Cyanoacrylate
1406:"Fine Woodworking: Super Glue to the Rescue"
597:. On rare occasions, inhalation may trigger
265:A tube of "Super Glue", a cyanoacrylate glue
177:, the precursor to many commercial adhesives
998:Dalvi, A A; Faria, M M; Pinto, A A (1986).
388:causing accidental injury (adhesion and/or
204:In general, the C=C groups rapidly undergo
114:for cyanoacrylate was filed in 1947 by the
104:National Medal of Technology and Innovation
1936:Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology
1638:"7 methods to get super glue off the skin"
1068:"Document: Cyanoacrylate adhesives (GOLD)"
1585:
1301:
1224:
1175:
1157:
660:reaction. This reaction also occurs with
1997:"WEICON Contact Cyanoacrylate Adhesives"
228:Polymerization of methyl 2-cyanoacrylate
2201:, filed June 1954, issued October 1956.
1049:"The Claim: Super Glue Can Heal Wounds"
751:
208:in the presence of water (specifically
2032:"Cyanoacrylate Technology: Stay Glued"
1566:International Journal of Ophthalmology
1384:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 389.
1359:. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 354.
924:Harris, Elizabeth A. (28 March 2011).
876:
874:
766:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–21.
2061:Industrial Research & Development
1607:
1605:
7:
1892:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
1722:10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010958022
1108:"Topical skin adhesives. DermNet NZ"
953:Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
147:National Starch and Chemical Company
2205:3M Activators, Primers and Debonder
1799:from the original on 28 August 2024
1578:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.05.18
1085:Safety data for ethyl cyanoacrylate
1047:Anahad O'Connor (4 December 2007).
850:"Permabond 910 Technical Datasheet"
368:on non-porous surfaces like glass,
32:are a family of strong fast-acting
2189:Cyanoacrylate Technical Data Sheet
2079:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
1382:Handbook of adhesives and sealants
1357:Handbook of adhesives and sealants
683:, commonly found as a fraction of
14:
412:, and as retention dressings for
336:, and variations on the compound
295:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
145:industrial cyanoacrylate market.
44:. The cyanoacrylate group in the
2091:10.1097/00042752-199410000-00006
2070:Dimensional Analysis Systems Inc
1273:British Journal of Ophthalmology
332:, and a small amount of organic
55:Specific cyanoacrylates include
1862:"BSI Un-Cure Safety Data Sheet"
1562:"Superglue injuries of the eye"
2180:Safety in the Home: Super Glue
815:"Inventor of the Week Archive"
656:results in a powerful, rapid,
1:
1057:. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
772:10.1002/14356007.a01_161.pub4
447:, can be glued to a piece of
241:Cyanoacrylate glue has a low
1905:10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.090
1217:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.022
1159:10.1371/journal.pone.0157920
966:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.035
439:corals. The cut branches of
16:Type of fast-acting adhesive
2017:derma+flex QS 510k Letter:
895:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00798
670:Material safety data sheets
610:National Toxicology Program
606:Health and Safety Executive
360:Cyanoacrylate is used as a
206:chain-growth polymerisation
181:The most common monomer is
2266:
1765:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.03.009
1531:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.03.009
1380:Petrie, Edward M. (2000).
1355:Petrie, Edward M. (2000).
451:(harvested reef coral) or
1820:Documenta Ophthalmologica
1710:Archives of Ophthalmology
526:Cyanoacrylate is used in
509:Cyanoacrylate is used in
326:poly(methyl methacrylate)
1826:(3). Soringer: 237–245.
1667:"CA PLUS Adhesives, Inc"
1642:www.medicalnewstoday.com
1428:"Propeller Field Repair"
1090:11 February 2009 at the
1034:27 November 2010 at the
2023:LiquiBand 510k Letter:
1948:10.1163/156856189X00191
1253:20 October 2007 at the
2170:Cyanoacrylate Toxicity
1617:Missouri Poison Center
1326:"Metal adhesive guide"
1266:Needham, A. D (2001).
729:
676:Solvents and debonders
608:and the United States
593:exposure limit of 200
583:allergic skin reaction
279:
270:Medical and veterinary
266:
229:
178:
173:Chemical structure of
107:
57:methyl 2-cyanoacrylate
26:
2195:U.S. patent 2,768,109
1286:10.1136/bjo.85.4.496a
724:
604:The United Kingdom's
591:threshold limit value
277:
264:
227:
172:
116:B.F. Goodrich Company
101:
76:2-octyl cyanoacrylate
61:ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate
24:
2250:Cyanoacrylate esters
2052:Kingsport Times-News
1966:14 July 2014 at the
1560:Reddy, S.C. (2012).
1330:Adhesiveplatform.com
1096:University of Oxford
153:company acquired by
68:-butyl cyanoacrylate
2230:American inventions
1942:(1). VSP: 237–260.
1150:2016PLoSO..1157920P
889:(18): 11336–11384.
712:propylene carbonate
685:nail polish remover
390:chemical eye injury
366:latent fingerprints
183:ethyl cyanoacrylate
175:ethyl cyanoacrylate
72:octyl cyanoacrylate
38:ethyl cyanoacrylate
2235:Medical treatments
2129:10.1007/BF00339559
2036:test.pharmabiz.com
1832:10.1007/BF02569064
1438:on 31 January 2018
1205:Acta Biomaterialia
1054:The New York Times
930:The New York Times
701:methylene chloride
697:dimethyl sulfoxide
495:sodium bicarbonate
480:boiled linseed oil
461:phthalic anhydride
280:
267:
233:General properties
230:
179:
108:
27:
2184:Queensland Health
2164:The Straight Dope
2108:eMedicine article
1644:. 31 October 2018
1391:978-0-07-049888-4
1366:978-0-07-049888-4
1336:on 20 August 2020
1112:www.dermnetnz.org
857:www.permabond.com
693:dimethylformamide
615:covalently bonded
595:parts per billion
589:(ACGIH) assign a
579:flu-like symptoms
396:Niche and hobbies
2257:
2245:Synthetic resins
2197:
2148:
2111:
2102:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2005:
2004:
1999:. Archived from
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1970:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1669:. Archived from
1663:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1525:(7): e170–e173.
1514:
1508:
1507:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1434:. Archived from
1432:www.eaavideo.org
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1332:. Archived from
1322:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1263:
1257:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1211:(8): 3150–3157.
1196:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1161:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1082:
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1064:
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1039:
1026:
1020:
1019:
995:
986:
985:
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940:
938:
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921:
915:
914:
883:Chemical Reviews
878:
869:
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866:
864:
854:
846:
840:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
805:
804:
803:
799:
792:
786:
785:
756:
567:depolymerization
364:tool to capture
189:to make it more
128:Harry Coover Jr.
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2215:
2214:
2193:
2156:
2151:
2114:
2105:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2029:
2013:
2011:Further reading
2008:
2003:on 25 May 2014.
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1968:Wayback Machine
1959:
1955:
1933:
1932:
1928:
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1887:
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1812:
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1800:
1796:
1789:
1785:
1784:
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1750:
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1745:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1694:from inchem.org
1690:
1686:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1647:
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1441:
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1426:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1409:
1408:. 30 March 2016
1404:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1280:(4): 496a–496.
1265:
1264:
1260:
1255:Wayback Machine
1246:
1242:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1144:(6): e0157920.
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1092:Wayback Machine
1083:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1046:
1042:
1036:Wayback Machine
1027:
1023:
997:
996:
989:
949:
948:
944:
934:
932:
923:
922:
918:
880:
879:
872:
862:
860:
859:. 6 August 2020
852:
848:
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843:
838:
834:
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813:
812:
808:
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794:
793:
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782:
758:
757:
753:
749:
720:
678:
626:
565:Heating causes
563:
549:
544:
524:
507:
433:marine aquarium
398:
382:artificial nail
378:
358:
272:
259:
235:
167:
96:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2263:
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2227:
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2207:
2202:
2191:
2186:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2155:
2154:External links
2152:
2150:
2149:
2123:(4): 279–291.
2117:Neuroradiology
2112:
2103:
2085:(4): 245–248.
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1988:
1971:
1953:
1926:
1899:(5): 803–804.
1881:
1853:
1810:
1778:
1743:
1716:(6): 958–960.
1696:
1684:
1673:on 8 July 2011
1655:
1629:
1601:
1572:(5): 634–637.
1552:
1509:
1489:
1463:
1449:
1419:
1397:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1347:
1317:
1258:
1240:
1191:
1124:
1099:
1077:
1059:
1040:
1021:
1004:J Postgrad Med
987:
960:(5): 553–557.
942:
916:
870:
841:
832:
806:
787:
780:
750:
748:
745:
719:
716:
708:-butyrolactone
677:
674:
644:, and certain
625:
622:
562:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
523:
520:
506:
503:
435:hobbyists for
410:model aircraft
397:
394:
377:
374:
357:
354:
315:chemical burns
271:
268:
258:
255:
234:
231:
210:hydroxide ions
195:shear strength
166:
165:Polymerization
163:
143:North American
95:
92:
30:Cyanoacrylates
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2262:
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2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
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2071:
2066:
2063:. p. 19.
2062:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1922:
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1914:
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1898:
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1870:
1863:
1857:
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1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:(7): e170–3.
1758:
1754:
1747:
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1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
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1055:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:(2): 97–100.
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
954:
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871:
858:
851:
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842:
836:
833:
821:on 3 May 2009
820:
816:
810:
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797:
791:
788:
783:
781:9783527303854
777:
773:
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728:
723:
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702:
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675:
673:
671:
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663:
659:
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651:
648:or fabrics),
647:
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631:
623:
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611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
560:
558:
555:
554:vegetable oil
547:Skin injuries
546:
542:Safety issues
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
516:
512:
504:
502:
500:
499:calcium oxide
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
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458:
454:
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387:
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355:
353:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
334:sulfonic acid
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
311:
307:
306:rock climbers
302:
300:
296:
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288:
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269:
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188:
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160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
132:Eastman Kodak
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:The original
105:
100:
93:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:
62:
58:
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51:
47:
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2120:
2116:
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2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
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2035:
2001:the original
1991:
1974:
1956:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:
1856:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1781:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1613:"Super Glue"
1569:
1565:
1555:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1501:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1475:
1472:"ds-archery"
1466:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1431:
1422:
1410:. Retrieved
1400:
1381:
1375:
1356:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:the original
1329:
1320:
1277:
1271:
1261:
1243:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1141:
1137:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1052:
1043:
1029:"Bouldering"
1024:
1007:
1003:
957:
951:
945:
933:. Retrieved
929:
919:
886:
882:
861:. Retrieved
856:
844:
835:
825:21 September
823:. Retrieved
819:the original
809:
790:
761:
754:
738:
730:
725:
721:
705:
689:nitromethane
679:
666:carbon fiber
642:cotton balls
638:cotton swabs
627:
603:
564:
550:
525:
508:
492:
465:
430:
399:
379:
359:
350:formaldehyde
346:
341:
337:
330:hydroquinone
324:91% ECA, 9%
321:
319:
303:
290:
289:
281:
251:
240:
236:
203:
187:fumed silica
180:
136:
109:
87:
83:
80:instant glue
79:
65:
54:
40:and related
29:
28:
18:
1869:bsi-inc.com
505:Arrow glues
488:soundboards
476:woodworking
468:aquascaping
441:hard corals
437:fragmenting
428:hobbyists.
402:electronics
328:, <0.5%
285:Vietnam War
94:Development
50:polymerizes
2219:Categories
1874:10 January
1648:4 February
1482:11 January
1476:ds-archery
1442:30 January
796:US 2467927
747:References
718:Shelf life
662:fiberglass
658:exothermic
575:sensitized
443:, such as
426:miniatures
408:), flying
219:shelf life
120:gun sights
88:super glue
84:power glue
2225:Adhesives
1803:28 August
1730:0003-9950
1539:1748-6815
1478:. website
1294:0007-1161
1168:1932-6203
1072:Chemwatch
911:231761847
863:22 August
741:viscosity
515:fletching
449:live rock
406:wire wrap
404:(used in
386:eye drops
376:Cosmetics
356:Forensics
70:(n-BCA),
34:adhesives
2240:Monomers
2145:23297580
2099:71430908
1964:Archived
1921:33126572
1913:16274815
1848:21241200
1794:Archived
1773:21481658
1677:3 August
1622:21 April
1596:23166877
1547:21481658
1312:11302128
1251:Archived
1235:21569875
1186:27322731
1138:PLOS ONE
1088:Archived
1032:Archived
982:29869951
974:15138419
903:33507740
561:Toxicity
513:to glue
472:rhizomes
457:silicone
453:Milliput
445:Acropora
422:modeling
362:forensic
310:calluses
299:suturing
243:shearing
214:humidity
159:Unilever
151:Canadian
48:rapidly
2137:3900798
1840:9550352
1738:6683097
1587:3484698
1503:YouTube
1412:30 June
1303:1723922
1226:4059060
1177:4913938
1146:Bibcode
1117:29 June
1016:3761216
935:30 June
734:freezer
681:Acetone
650:leather
528:fencing
522:Fencing
511:archery
484:sawdust
370:plastic
191:viscous
139:Loctite
124:the war
106:in 2010
59:(MCA),
46:monomer
2162:(from
2143:
2135:
2097:
1919:
1911:
1846:
1838:
1771:
1736:
1728:
1594:
1584:
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1537:
1388:
1363:
1340:20 May
1310:
1300:
1292:
1233:
1223:
1184:
1174:
1166:
1014:
980:
972:
909:
901:
802:
778:
699:, and
630:cotton
618:carbon
599:asthma
585:. The
497:) and
199:rubber
155:Henkel
112:patent
74:, and
42:esters
2141:S2CID
2095:S2CID
2041:4 May
1983:(PDF)
1917:S2CID
1865:(PDF)
1844:S2CID
1797:(PDF)
1790:(PDF)
978:S2CID
907:S2CID
853:(PDF)
706:gamma
646:yarns
634:jeans
571:inert
418:bolts
304:Some
247:lathe
86:, or
2133:PMID
2043:2022
1909:PMID
1876:2021
1836:PMID
1805:2024
1769:PMID
1734:PMID
1726:ISSN
1679:2009
1650:2024
1624:2023
1592:PMID
1543:PMID
1535:ISSN
1484:2017
1444:2018
1414:2018
1386:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1342:2020
1308:PMID
1290:ISSN
1231:PMID
1182:PMID
1164:ISSN
1119:2016
1012:PMID
970:PMID
937:2018
899:PMID
865:2021
827:2021
776:ISBN
664:and
654:wool
536:foil
532:epee
424:and
416:and
414:nuts
257:Uses
122:for
2125:doi
2087:doi
1944:doi
1901:doi
1897:133
1828:doi
1761:doi
1718:doi
1714:101
1582:PMC
1574:doi
1527:doi
1298:PMC
1282:doi
1221:PMC
1213:doi
1172:PMC
1154:doi
962:doi
958:130
891:doi
887:121
768:doi
652:or
534:or
392:).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
