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territory. He took away their property, scattered their possessions, the he ruined completely, their corpses remaining on a dark place, decaying. Their faces became hostile, they do not parade along the wide street, you do not see happiness anymore, is unpleasant, they decided. As to
Nabonidus, his protective deity became hostile to him. And he, the former favorite of the gods is now seized by misfortunes. Against the will of the gods he performed an unholy action, he thought out something worthless: he had made the image of a deity which nobody had ever seen in this country, he introduced it into the temple, he placed it on a pedestal; he called it by the name of Moon. It is adorned with a necklace of lapis lazuli, crowned with a tiara, its appearance is that of the eclipsed moon, the gesture of its hand is like that of the god Lugal-, its head of hair reaches to the pedestal, and in front of it are placed the Storm Dragon and the Wild Bull. When he worshipped it, its appearance became like that of a demon crowned with a tiara, his face turned hostile . His form not even Eamummu could have formed, not even the learned Adapa knows his name. Nabonidus said: 'I shall build a temple for him, I shall construct his holy seat, I shall form its first brick for him, I shall establish firmly its foundation, I shall make a replica even of the temple Ekur. I shall call its name Ehulhul for all days to come. When I will have fully executed what I have planned, I shall lead him by the hand and establish him on his seat. Yet till I have achieved this, till I have obtained what is my desire, I shall omit all festivals, I shall order even the New Year's festival to cease!' And he formed its first brick, did lay out the outlines, he spread out the foundation, made high its summit, by means of wall decoration made of gypsum and bitumen he made its facing brilliant, as in the temple Esagila he made a ferocious wild bull stand on guard in front of it. After he had obtained what he desired, a work of utter deceit, had built this abomination, a work of unholiness -when the third year was about to begin- he entrusted the army to his oldest son, his first born, the troops in the country he ordered under his command. He let everything go, entrusted the kingship to him, and, himself, he started out for a long journey. The military forces of Akkad marching with him, he turned to Temâ deep in the west. He started out the expedition on a path leading to a distant region. When he arrived there, he killed in battle the prince of Temâ, slaughtered the flocks of those who dwell in the city as well as in the countryside. And he, himself, took residence in Temâ, the forces of Akkad were also stationed there. He made the town beautiful, built there a palace like the palace in Babylon. He also built walls for the fortification of the town and he surrounded the town with sentinels. The inhabitants became troubled. The brick form and the brick basket he imposed upon them. Through the hard work they he killed the inhabitants, women and youngsters included. Their prosperity he brought to an end. All the barley that he found therein His tired army the hazanu-official of Cyrus...
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a product of
Lebanon, I set above it. Doors of cedar wood, whose scent is pleasing, I affixed at its gates. With gold and silver glaze I coated its wall and made it shine like the sun. I set up in its chapel a 'wild bull' of shining silver alloy, fiercely attacking my foes. At the Gate of Sunrise I set up two 'long haired heroes' coated with silver, destroyers of enemies, one to the left, one to the right. I led Sin, Ningal, Nusku, and Sadarnunna -my lords- in procession from Babylon, my royal city, and in joy and gladness I caused them to dwell in its midst, a dwelling of enjoyment. I performed in their presence a pure sacrifice of glorification, presented my gifts, and filled Ehulhul with the finest products, and I made the city of Harran, in its totality, as brilliant as moonlight.
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other side of the
Euphrates, to the Lower Sea , the kings, princes, governors and my numerous troops which Sin, Šamaš and Ištar -my lords- had entrusted to me. And in a propitious month, on an auspicious day, which Šamaš and Adad revealed to me by means of divination, by the wisdom of Ea and Asalluhi, with the craft of the exorcist, according to the art of Kulla, the lord of foundations and brickwork, upon beads of silver and gold, choice gems, logs of resinous woods, aromatic herbs and cuts of cedar wood, in joy and gladness, on the foundation deposit of Aššurbanipal, king of Assyria, who had found the foundation of Šalmaneser , the son of Aššurnasirpal , I cleared its foundations and laid its brickwork.
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netherworld constantly praise the temple of Sin, the father, their creator. As for me, Nabonidus king of
Babylon, who completed that temple, may Sin, the king of the gods of heaven and the netherworld, joyfully cast his favorable look upon me and every month, in rising and setting, make my ominous signs favorable. May he lengthen my days, extend my years, make my reign firm, conquer my enemies, annihilate those hostile to me, destroy my foes. May Ningal, the mother of the great gods, speak favorably before Sin, her beloved, on my behalf. May Šamaš and Ištar, his shining offspring, recommend me favorably to Sin, the father, their creator. May Nusku, the august vizier, hear my prayer and intercede for me.
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410:, and on the foundation deposit of Šagarakti-Šuriaš, son of Kudur Enlil, I cleared its foundations and laid its brickwork. I built that temple anew and completed its work. Anunitu, the lady of warfare, who fulfills the command of Enlil her father, who annihilates the enemy, who destroys the evil one, who precedes the gods, I caused her to establish her residence. The regular offerings and the other offerings I increased over what they were and I established for her.
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son of Sargon, not a finger's breadth too wide or too narrow, I laid its brick work. Five thousand massive beams of cedar wood I set up for its roofing. Lofty doors of cedar wood, thresholds and pivots I affixed at its gates. Ebabbar, together with E-kun-ankuga , its ziggurat, I built anew and completed its work. I led Šamaš, my lord, in procession and, in joy and gladness, I caused him to dwell in the midst of his favorite dwelling.
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465:... the praise of the Lord of Lords and the names of the countries which Cyrus has not conquered he wrote upon this stele, while Cyrus is the king of the world whose triumphs are true and whose yoke the kings of all the countries are pulling. Nabonidus has written upon his stone tablets: 'I have made him bow to my feet, I personally have conquered his countries, his possessions I took to my residence.'
174:"As for me, Nabonidus, king of Babylon, save me from sinning against your great godhead and grant me as a present a life long of days, and as for Belshazzar, the eldest son -my offspring- instill reverence for your great godhead in his heart and may he not commit any cultic mistake, may he be sated with a life of plenitude."
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For
Anunitu -the lady of warfare, who carries the bow and the quiver, who fulfills the command of Enlil her father, who annihilates the enemy, who destroys the evil one, who precedes the gods, who, at sunrise and sunset, causes my ominous signs to be favorable- I excavated, surveyed and inspected the
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While I led Šamaš out of its midst and caused him to dwell in another sanctuary, I removed the debris of that temple, looked for its old foundation deposit, dug to a depth of eighteen cubits into the ground and then Šamaš, the great lord, revealed to me the original foundations of
Ebabbar, the temple
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I mixed its mortar with beer, wine, oil and honey and anointed its excavation ramps with it. More than the kings -my fathers- had done, I strengthened its building and perfected its work. That temple from its foundation to its parapet I built anew and I completed its work. Beams of lofty cedar trees,
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At the beginning of the third year , they aroused him, Cyrus, the king of Anšan, his second in rank. He scattered the vast Median hordes with his small army. He captured
Astyages, the king of the Medes, and took him to his country as captive. Such was the word of the great lord Marduk and of Sin, the
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In the beginning of my everlasting reign they sent me a dream. Marduk, the great lord, and Sin, the luminary of heaven and the netherworld, stood together. Marduk spoke with me: 'Nabonidus, king of
Babylon, carry bricks on your riding horse, rebuild Ehulhul and cause Sin, the great lord, to establish
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Ehulhul, the temple of Sin in Harran, where since days of yore Sin, the great lord, had established his favorite residence - his great heart became angry against that city and temple and he aroused the Mede, destroyed the temple and turned it into ruin - in my legitimate reign Bel and the great lord,
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It was he who once stood up in the assembly to praise himself, saying: 'I am wise, I know, I have seen what is hidden. Even if I do not know how to write with the stylus, yet I have seen secret things. The god Ilte'ri has made me see a vision, he has shown me everything. I am aware of a wisdom which
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For Šamaš, the judge of heaven and the netherworld, concerning
Ebabbar , his temple which is in Sippar, which Nebuchadnezzar, a former king had rebuilt and whose old foundation deposit he had looked for but not found -yet he rebuilt that temple and after forty-five years the walls of that temple had
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And Zeriya, the šatammu who used to crouch as his secretary in front of him, and Rimut, the bookkeeper who used to have his court position near to him, do confirm the royal dictum, stand by his words, they even bare their heads to pronounce under oath: 'Now only we understand this situation, after
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Whoever you are whom Sin and Šamaš will call to kingship, and in whose reign that temple will fall into disrepair and who build it anew, may he find the inscription written in my name and not alter it. May he anoint it with oil, perform a sacrifice, place it with the inscription written in his own
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In the month Tašrîtu, in a propitious month, on an auspicious day, which Šamaš and Adad had revealed to me by means of divination, upon beds of silver and gold, choice gems, logs of resinous woods, aromatic herbs, and cuts of cedar wood, in joy and gladness, on the foundation deposit of Naram-Sin,
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For rebuilding
Ehulhul, the temple of Sin, my lords, who marches at my side, which is in Harran, which Aššurbanipal, king of Assyria, son of Esarhaddon, a prince who preceded me, had rebuilt, I mustered my numerous troops, from the country of Gaza on the border of Egypt, near the Upper Sea on the
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When he saw the usar-symbol of Esagila, he makes an gesture. He assembled the priestly scholars, he expounded to them as follows: 'Is not this the sign of ownership indicating for whom the temple was built? If it belongs really to Bêl, it would have been marked with the spade. Therefore the Moon
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The images of the gods of Babylon, male and female, he returned to their cellas, the gods who had abandoned their chapels he returned to their mansions. Their wrath he appeased, their mind he put at rest, those whose power was at a low he brought back to life because their food is served to them
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for the inhabitants of Babylon, Cyrus declared the state of peace. His troops he kept away from Ekur. Big cattle he slaughtered with the ax, he slaughtered many aslu-sheep, incense he put on the censer, the regular offerings for the Lord of Lords he ordered increased, he constantly prayed to the
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law and order are not promulgated by him, he made perish the common people through want, the nobles he killed in war, for the trader he blocked the road. For the farmer he made rare the , there is no , the harvester does not sing the alalu-song any more, he does not fence in any more the arable
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pleases you and built your august chapel, and upon my good deeds, and every day at sunrise and sunset, in the heavens and on the earth, make my omens favorable, accept my supplications and receive my prayers. With the scepter and the legitimate staff which placed in my hands may I rule forever.
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O Šamaš, great lord of heaven and the netherworld, light of the gods -your fathers- offspring of Sin and Ningal, when you enter Ebabbar your beloved temple, when you take up residence in your eternal dais, look joyfully upon me, Nabonidus, king of Babylon, the prince your caretaker, the one who
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O Sin, king of the gods of heaven and the netherworld, without whom no city or country can be founded, nor be restored, when you enter Ehulhul, the dwelling of your plenitude, may good recommendations for that city and that temple be set on your lips. May the gods who dwell in heaven and the
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I, Nabonidus, the great king, the strong king, the king of the universe, the king of Babylon, the king of the four corners, the caretaker of Esagila and Ezida, for whom Sin and Ningal in his mother's womb decreed a royal fate as his destiny, the son of Nabû-balâssi-iqbi, the wise prince, the
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Yet he continues to mix up the rites, he confuses the hepatoscopic oracles. To the most important ritual observances, he orders an end; as to the sacred representations in Esagila -representations which Eamumma himself had fashioned- he looks at the representations and utters blasphemies.
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To repair the city of Babylon he conceived the idea and he himself took up hoe, spade and water basket and began to complete the wall of Babylon. The original plan of Nebuchadnezzar the inhabitants executed with a willing heart. He built the fortifications on the Imgur-Enlil-wall.
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name and return it to its original place. May Šamaš and Anunitu hear his supplication, receive his utterance, march at his side, annihilate his enemy and daily speak good recommendations on his behalf to Sin, the father, their creator.
262:: a lengthy titulary, a story about an angry god who has abandoned his shrine, who is reconciled with his people, orders a king to restore the temple, and a king who piously increases the daily offerings. Prayers are also included.
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in Ur. Nabonidus describes how he repaired the structure. It is probably the king's last building inscription and may be dated to ca. 540 BC. The text is interesting because it offers a full syncretism of Sin, Marduk, and Nabu.
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luminary of heaven and the netherworld, whose command is not revoked. I feared their august command, I became troubled, I was worried and my face showed signs of anxiety. I was not neglectful, nor remiss, nor careless.
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As for you, O Anunitu, great lady, when you joyfully enter that temple, look joyfully upon my good deeds and every month, at sunrise and sunset, petition Sin, your father, your begetter, for favors on my behalf.
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The inscription written in the name of Aššurbanipal, king of Assyria, I found and did not alter. I anointed it with oil, performed a sacrifice, placed it with my own inscription, and returned it to its place.
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To the inhabitants of Babylon a joyful heart is now given. They are like prisoners when the prisons are opened. Liberty is restored to those who were surrounded by oppression. All rejoice to look upon him as
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The inscription in the name of Naram-Sin, son of Sargon, I found and did not alter. I anointed it with oil, made offerings, placed it with my own inscription and returned it to its original place.
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Nabonidus' deeds Cyrus effaced and everything Nabonidus constructed, all the sanctuaries of his royal rule Cyrus has eradicated, the ashes of the burned buildings the wind carried away.
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Goodspeed, George Stephen (1902). Chapter 2, The Excavations in Babylonia and Assyria. A History of the Babylonians and Assyrians. New York. Charles Scribner's Sons. Paragraph 20.
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Nabonidus' picture he effaced, in all the sanctuaries the inscriptions of that name are erased. Whatever Nabonidus had created, Cyrus fed to the flames!
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Reverently, I spoke to the Enlil of the gods, Marduk: 'That temple which you ordered me to build, the Mede surrounds it and his might is excessive.'
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The Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar contains echoes from earlier foundation texts, and develops the same themes as later ones, like the better-known
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The Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar is a long text in which Nabonidus describes how he repaired three temples: the sanctuary of the moon god
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Review of Paul-Alain Beaulieu, The Reign of Nabonidus, King of Babylon 556-539 B.C., in Biblical Archaeologist 55/4 (Dec. 1992): 234-35.
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Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A-D Grand Rapids, Michigan. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
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But Marduk spoke with me: 'The Mede whom you mentioned, he, his country and the kings who march at his side will be no more.'
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old foundations of Eulmaš, her temple which is in Sippar-Anunitu, which for eight hundred years, since the time of
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Goodspeed, George Stephen (1902). A History of the Babylonians and Assyrians. New York. Charles Scribner's Sons.
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announcing his reading of the Nabonidus cylinders which connected Muqeyer or "Um Qeer" with Ur of the Chaldees
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111:(556-539 BC). These inscriptions were made on clay cylinders. They include the Nabonidus Cylinder from
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sagged- I became troubled, I became fearful, I was worried and my face showed signs of anxiety.
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for the love of my kingship, became reconciled with that city and temple and showed compassion.
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In the month of Nisannu, the eleventh day, till the god was present on his seat
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greatly surpasses even that of the series of insights which Adapa has composed!'
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Nabonidus cylinders from Ur are also noteworthy because they mention a son named
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which is his favorite dwelling, by disclosing the foundation deposit of
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gods, prostrated on his face. To act righteously is dear to his heart.
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Cylinder of Nabonidus from the temple of Shamash at Larsa, Mesopotamia.
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Cylinder of Nabonidus from the temple of God Sin at UR, Mesopotamia. .
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https://www.livius.org/sources/content/nabonidus-cylinder-from-ur/
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himself has marked already his own temple with the usar-symbol!'
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The Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar on display in the British Museum
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The Nabonidus Cylinders from Ur contain the foundation text of a
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The translation of the Nabonidus Cylinder of Sippar was made by
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called E-lugal-galga-sisa, which belonged to the temple of
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Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
430:(ME 38299). It was probably written during the reign of
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The translation of the Nabonidus Cylinder was made by
276:"The Reign of Nabonidus, King of Babylon 556-539 B.C."
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found four cuneiform cylinders in the foundation of a
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The Reign of Nabonidus, King of Babylon 556-539 B.C.
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713:Google preview available, accessed April 4, 2011.
994:Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa
255:, who is mentioned as an instrument of the gods.
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371:Nabonidus cylinder from Sippar: extract about
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715:Archeology section is exceptionally thorough.
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2096:Middle Eastern objects in the British Museum
929:Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III
830:
783:
769:
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522:List of artifacts significant to the Bible
26:
2091:Ancient Near and Middle East clay objects
1624:Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions
645:"Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar - Livius"
1112:Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art
1062:Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription
1466:Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa
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135:, the sanctuary of the warrior goddess
2020:Royal Commission on the British Museum
592:"Welcome | Yale University Press"
438:called this the "Panegyric of Cyrus".
1946:A History of the World in 100 Objects
687:"Verse Account of Nabonidus - Livius"
426:The following is a text known as the
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1925:Conservation and Scientific Research
542:"The Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar"
115:, and the Nabonidus Cylinders from
481:the king has explained about it!'
266:Translation of the Sippar cylinder
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1935:Portable Antiquities and Treasure
664:Identification of Darius the Mede
287:Cylinder of Nabodinus from Sippar
58:22.86 cm high and 9.2 cm diameter
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1982:Films shot at the British Museum
1619:Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III
1334:Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano
1022:Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena
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293:
281:worshiper of the great gods, I:
35:
2076:1881 archaeological discoveries
2071:1854 archaeological discoveries
1896:The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies
934:Colossal head of Amenhotep III
742:Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar
732:Nabonidus Cylinder from Sippar
1:
1446:Priene dedicatory inscription
627:Cuneiform inscriptions, Vol 5
334:his residence in its midst.'
1634:Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir
1609:Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel
1077:Jade terrapin from Allahabad
944:Gebelein predynastic mummies
939:El-Amra clay model of cattle
441:The translation was made by
2066:6th-century BC inscriptions
1649:Babylonian Map of the World
1204:Barber Cup and Crawford Cup
1133:The Great Wave off Kanagawa
1117:Seated Buddha from Gandhara
1037:Amitābha Buddha from Hancui
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979:Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
748:Nabonidus Cylinder from Ur
668:Ready Scribe Press, 2010.
428:Verse account of Nabonidus
422:Verse account of Nabonidus
406:, king of Babylon, son of
227:made an important find at
166:, who is mentioned in the
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1685:Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal
1461:Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera
614:British Museum Collection
231:in Babylonia (now called
34:
1992:Repatriation controversy
1669:Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)
1451:Priene edict inscription
1284:Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo
1052:Mogao Christian painting
633:. 1905. p. Item 64.
190:'s March 1854 letter to
1977:Dingwall Beloe Lectures
1679:Library of Ashurbanipal
1067:Hephthalite silver bowl
1032:Ambika Statue from Dhar
581:Accessed April 4, 2011.
223:In 1881, Assyriologist
170:. The cylinders state:
1930:Libraries and Archives
1731:Phoenician metal bowls
1659:Cylinders of Nabonidus
1122:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
508:
460:
379:
205:
197:
176:
101:cuneiform inscriptions
97:Cylinders of Nabonidus
30:Cylinders of Nabonidus
2086:Akkadian inscriptions
2081:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1706:Babylonian Chronicles
1564:Assyrian lion weights
1541:Xanten Horse-Phalerae
1476:Stony Stratford Hoard
1394:Papyri of Oxyrhynchus
1294:Dionysus Sardanapalus
1239:Bronze head of Hypnos
875:Double-headed serpent
703:Paul-Alain Beaulieu,
370:
203:
186:
172:
18:Cylinder of Nabonidus
1889:The Disasters of War
1811:Sutton Hoo purse-lid
1761:Holy Thorn Reliquary
1107:Mathura lion capital
865:Bronze Head from Ife
143:, and the temple of
1972:British Museum Acts
1882:The Ancient of Days
1781:Mildenhall Treasure
1559:Ain Sakhri figurine
1490:Townley collection
1431:Petelia Gold Tablet
1359:Macmillan aryballos
1279:Chatuzange Treasure
1224:Boscoreale Treasure
924:Battlefield Palette
904:Yaxchilan Lintel 24
567:Paul-Alain Beaulieu
517:Nabonidus Chronicle
445:and is copied from
436:William F. Albright
272:Paul-Alain Beaulieu
243:. A copy is in the
1854:Dürer's Rhinoceros
1833:Lampsacus Treasure
1828:Vindolanda Tablets
1721:Antiochus cylinder
1711:Ur Box inscription
1456:San Sosti Axe-Head
1379:Minoan Bull-leaper
1319:Farnese Diadumenos
1309:Esquiline Treasure
1254:Campo Iemini Venus
1214:Beaurains Treasure
1199:Asclepius of Milos
1139:Vishnu Nicolo Seal
1082:Kakiemon elephants
1017:Admonitions Scroll
870:Codex Kingsborough
816:Round Reading Room
753:2015-06-10 at the
447:James B. Pritchard
380:
206:
198:
119:, four in number.
2053:
2052:
1955:
1954:
1817:Swimming Reindeer
1806:Sutton Hoo helmet
1639:Tablet of Shamash
1531:Vaison Diadumenos
1481:Strangford Apollo
1289:Demeter of Knidos
1269:Chaourse Treasure
1259:Carthage Treasure
1184:Arcisate Treasure
1072:Huixian Bronze Hu
1027:Amaravati Marbles
989:Sphinx of Taharqo
892:Kayung totem pole
886:Throne of Weapons
93:
92:
16:(Redirected from
2118:
2043:
2042:
1920:Coins and Medals
1796:Seax of Beagnoth
1644:Statue of Idrimi
1599:Ram in a Thicket
1471:Satala Aphrodite
1421:Paramythia Hoard
1264:Caubiac Treasure
1174:Apollo of Cyrene
1169:Aineta aryballos
959:MacGregor plaque
831:
785:
778:
771:
762:
691:
690:
683:
677:
659:
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635:
634:
632:
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616:
611:
605:
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588:
582:
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570:
560:
554:
553:
548:. Archived from
538:
443:A. Leo Oppenheim
404:Šagarakti-Šuriaš
311:
297:
71:Present location
39:
27:
21:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2031:
1951:
1908:
1844:
1837:
1742:
1735:
1716:Kurkh Monoliths
1701:Lachish reliefs
1674:Jar of Xerxes I
1654:Rassam cylinder
1545:
1526:Uerdingen Hoard
1384:Nereid Monument
1324:Guilford Puteal
1314:Euphorbos plate
1274:Chatsworth Head
1234:Braganza Brooch
1179:Archangel ivory
1164:Aegina Treasure
1155:
1148:
1092:Kanishka casket
1047:Buddhapad Hoard
1003:
954:Hunters Palette
915:
908:
880:Hoa Hakananai'a
836:
835:Africa, Oceania
826:
820:
794:
789:
755:Wayback Machine
728:
700:
698:Further reading
695:
694:
685:
684:
680:
661:George R. Law,
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424:
327:
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289:
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268:
253:Cyrus the Great
237:Pergamon Museum
181:
125:
42:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2124:
2122:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
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2028:
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2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
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1950:
1949:
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1940:Rondanini Faun
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1903:Triumphal Arch
1899:
1892:
1885:
1878:
1875:Isabella Brant
1871:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Royal Gold Cup
1788:
1786:Ringlemere Cup
1783:
1778:
1773:
1771:Lewis chessmen
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1726:Nimrud ivories
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Cyrus Cylinder
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:Standard of Ur
1591:
1586:
1584:Blau Monuments
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
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1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1486:Tomb of Payava
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1364:Mâcon Treasure
1361:
1356:
1351:
1349:Lion of Knidos
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:Bursa Treasure
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Boy with Thorn
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1129:
1127:Statue of Tara
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1042:Bimaran casket
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
999:Younger Memnon
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
969:Papyrus of Ani
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
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867:
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839:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
811:King's Library
808:
802:
800:
796:
795:
792:British Museum
790:
788:
787:
780:
773:
765:
759:
758:
757:, translation.
745:
744:, translation.
739:
736:British Museum
727:
726:External links
724:
723:
722:
717:
708:
699:
696:
693:
692:
678:
654:
649:www.livius.org
636:
617:
606:
597:
583:
571:
555:
552:on 2007-02-07.
546:www.livius.org
532:
531:
529:
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423:
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313:
306:
305:
304:
299:
292:
291:
290:
286:
285:
284:
283:
267:
264:
260:Cyrus Cylinder
245:British Museum
225:Hormuzd Rassam
180:
177:
168:Book of Daniel
124:
121:
91:
90:
89:1882,0714.1025
87:
83:
82:
75:British Museum
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2123:
2112:
2109:
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1782:
1779:
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1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Franks Casket
1754:
1752:
1751:Boxwood altar
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1691:Oxus Treasure
1689:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
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1655:
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1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Burney Relief
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:White Obelisk
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Balawat Gates
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
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1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
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1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1441:Portland Vase
1439:
1437:
1436:Piranesi Vase
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Pericles bust
1424:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1369:Mainz Gladius
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Elgin Marbles
1302:
1300:
1299:Elgin Amphora
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
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1267:
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1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Bassae Frieze
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Armento Rider
1187:
1185:
1182:
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1177:
1175:
1172:
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1162:
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1038:
1035:
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1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Rosetta Stone
982:
980:
977:
975:
974:Prudhoe Lions
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
914:Ancient Egypt
911:
905:
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
890:
888:
887:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Briggs Enigma
858:
856:
855:Benin Bronzes
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
840:
838:
832:
829:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
797:
793:
786:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
766:
763:
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752:
749:
746:
743:
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737:
733:
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729:
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721:
718:
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709:
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688:
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667:
665:
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650:
646:
640:
637:
629:
628:
621:
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610:
607:
601:
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593:
587:
584:
580:
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572:
568:
564:
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523:
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429:
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369:
365:
361:
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353:
349:
345:
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335:
331:
321:
317:
310:
296:
282:
278:
277:
274:, author of,
273:
265:
263:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
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195:
194:
193:The Athenaeum
189:
185:
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169:
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138:
134:
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110:
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102:
98:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1987:Private Case
1967:Blythe House
1944:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1823:Hedwig glass
1815:
1696:Taylor Prism
1683:
1658:
1389:Oscan Tablet
1354:Lycurgus Cup
1344:Jennings Dog
1219:Blacas Cameo
1194:Arundel Head
1131:
1087:Kang Hou gui
898:Tree of Life
896:
884:
837:and Americas
704:
681:
663:
657:
648:
639:
626:
620:
609:
600:
586:
574:
558:
550:the original
545:
536:
504:
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467:
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461:
456:
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389:
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354:
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346:
342:
339:
336:
332:
328:
279:
275:
269:
257:
232:
222:
207:
191:
173:
161:
149:
126:
96:
94:
86:Registration
1766:Hoxne Hoard
1604:Lyres of Ur
1579:Uruk Trough
1574:Blacas ewer
1551:Middle East
1244:Burgon vase
1144:Wardak Vase
1057:David Vases
964:Min Palette
949:Hornedjitef
850:Aubin Codex
827:and objects
825:Departments
806:Great Court
496:regularly.
408:Kudur-Enlil
210:J.G. Taylor
147:in Sippar.
123:Description
2060:Categories
1843:Prints and
1801:Sutton Hoo
1776:Lindow Man
1743:and Europe
1741:Prehistory
1589:Palmer Cup
1536:Warren Cup
1504:Discobolus
1374:Meroë Head
1329:Harpy Tomb
1097:Klang Bell
674:0982763107
528:References
179:Excavation
164:Belshazzar
99:refers to
66:555-540 BC
50:Fired clay
2101:Nabonidus
2005:Directors
1339:Isis Tomb
1102:Kulu Vase
916:and Sudan
845:Akan Drum
385:Naram-Sin
373:Naram-Sin
318:, son of
316:Naram-Sin
233:Abu Habba
208:In 1854,
188:Rawlinson
109:Babylonia
105:Nabonidus
81:, England
2045:Category
2025:Trustees
1997:Secretum
1861:Epifania
1845:Drawings
1499:Caryatid
1494:Antinous
1156:and Rome
799:Building
751:Archived
511:See also
214:ziggurat
152:ziggurat
103:of king
47:Material
2015:Keepers
2010:Friends
1509:Hadrian
734:at the
137:Anunitu
63:Created
2106:Sippar
2001:Staff
1868:I Modi
1154:Greece
707:(1989)
676:p. 209
672:
377:Sargon
320:Sargon
249:London
241:Berlin
229:Sippar
141:Sippar
133:Harran
113:Sippar
79:London
1960:Other
1913:Other
1519:Venus
631:(PDF)
145:Šamaš
1514:Vase
1009:Asia
670:ISBN
506:king
375:and
95:The
55:Size
1414:103
1409:102
449:'s
247:in
239:in
216:at
156:Sin
139:in
131:in
129:Sin
107:of
2111:Ur
2062::
1404:85
1399:84
647:.
544:.
434:.
218:Ur
117:Ur
77:,
784:e
777:t
770:v
738:.
689:.
666:.
651:.
594:.
20:)
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