303:, producing C source files compatible with CPython 2.6, 2.7, and 3.3 and later versions. The Cython source code that Cython compiles (to C) can use both Python 2 and Python 3 syntax, defaulting to Python 2 syntax in Cython 0.x (and Python 3 syntax in Cython 3.x). The default can be overridden (e.g. in source code comment) to Python 3 (or 2) syntax. Since Python 3 syntax has changed in recent versions, Cython may not be up to date with the latest additions. Cython has "native support for most of the C++ language" and "compiles almost all existing Python code".
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2013:
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def accelerate(self, amount=20): # Method to increase speed and reduce fuel if self.fuel > 0: self.speed += amount self.fuel -= amount * 0.1 # Fuel decreases as the car accelerates self.fuel = max(self.fuel, 0) # Ensure fuel doesn’t go below 0
318:
Although most of the code is C-based, a small stub loader written in interpreted Python is usually required (unless the goal is to create a loader written entirely in C, which may involve work with the undocumented internals of CPython). However, this is not a major problem due to the presence of the
1281:
my_bugatti.display_info() # Show
Bugatti details my_bugatti.accelerate() # Accelerate the Bugatti my_bugatti.accelerate(50) # Accelerate by a custom amount my_bugatti.brake(30) # Slow down the car my_bugatti.stop() # Stop the car my_bugatti.refuel() # Refuel the car
314:
Cython works by producing a standard Python module. However, the behavior differs from standard Python in that the module code, originally written in Python, is translated into C. While the resulting code is fast, it makes many calls into the CPython interpreter and CPython standard libraries to
344:
A Cython program that implements the same algorithm as a corresponding Python program may consume fewer computing resources such as core memory and processing cycles due to differences between the CPython and Cython execution models. A basic Python program is loaded and executed by the CPython
392:
computer algebra package, because they were unhappy with Pyrex's limitations and could not get patches accepted by Pyrex's maintainer Greg Ewing, who envisioned a much smaller scope for his tool than the Sage developers had in mind. They then forked Pyrex as SageX. When they found people were
1247:
def __init__(self, model, year): # Initialize the
Bugatti with make, model, year, speed, and fuel level self.make = "Bugatti" self.model = model self.year = year self.speed = 0 # Speed starts at 0 self.fuel = 100 # Fuel starts full at 100%
1255:
def brake(self, amount=20): # Method to decrease speed if self.speed - amount < 0: self.speed = 0 else: self.speed -= amount print(f"The
Bugatti slows down by {amount} km/h. Current speed: {self.speed} km/h")
349:, so both the runtime and the program itself consume computing resources. A Cython program is compiled to C code, which is further compiled to machine code, so the virtual machine is used only briefly when the program is loaded.
1252:
print(f"The
Bugatti accelerates by {amount} km/h. Current speed: {self.speed} km/h, Fuel: {self.fuel:.1f}%") else: print("The Bugatti is out of fuel and cannot accelerate.")
1902:
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def display_info(self): # Display the car's details print(f"Car Info: {self.year} {self.make} {self.model}, Current Speed: {self.speed} km/h, Fuel: {self.fuel:.1f}%")
315:
perform actual work. Choosing this arrangement saved considerably on Cython's development time, but modules have a dependency on the Python interpreter and standard library.
1816:
284:, producing extension modules that can be loaded and used by regular Python code using the import statement, but with significantly less computational overhead at
1895:
412:, in Cython, types can optionally be provided, allowing for improved performance, allowing loops to be converted into C loops where possible. For example:
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def refuel(self): # Refuel the
Bugatti to 100% self.fuel = 100 print("The Bugatti has been refueled to 100%.")
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which gives a 95 times improvement over the pure-python version. More details on the subject in the official quickstart page.
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downloading Sage just to get SageX, and developers of other packages (including Stefan Behnel, who maintains the
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Performance depends both on what C code is generated by Cython and how that code is compiled by the C compiler.
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def stop(self): # Method to stop the car self.speed = 0 print("The
Bugatti has stopped.")
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extension. At its most basic, Cython code looks exactly like Python code. However, whereas standard Python is
1555:
Behnel, Stefan; Bradshaw, Robert; Citro, Craig; Dalcin, Lisandro; Seljebotn, Dag Sverre; Smith, Kurt (2011).
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program for Cython is more complex than in most languages because it interfaces with the Python C API and
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library LXML) were also maintaining forks of Pyrex, SageX was split off the Sage project and merged with
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702:-compliant extension building facilities. At least three files are required for a basic project:
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Says Sage and Cython developer Robert
Bradshaw at the Sage Days 29 conference (22 March 2011).
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288:. Cython also facilitates wrapping independent C or C++ code into python-importable modules.
2101:
1989:
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Wilbers, I.; Langtangen, H. P.; Ødegård, Å. (2009). Skallerud, B.; Andersson, H. I. (eds.).
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extension modules. Annotated Python-like code is compiled to C and then automatically
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2012:
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1949:
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1959:
1786:
1760:"Re: VM and Language summit info for those not at Pycon (and those that are!)"
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341:
of subroutine parameters and results, local variables, and class attributes.
2039:
1984:
757:# launch.py - Python stub loader, loads the module that was made by Cython.
1666:"wrapper benchmarks for several Python wrapper generators (except Cython)"
1580:
1934:
729:# hello.pyx - Python module, this code will be translated to C by Cython.
389:
384:, but it supports more features and optimizations than Pyrex. Cython was
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866:
A more straightforward way to start with Cython is through command-line
35:
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17:
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The following code listings demonstrate the build and launch process:
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1534:"Technical Discovery: Speeding up Python (NumPy, Cython, and Weave)"
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788:# setup.py - unnecessary if not redistributing the code, see below
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Proceedings of the 8th Python in
Science Conference (SciPy 2009)
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417:# The argument will be converted to int or raise a TypeError.
1871:
243:
1692:"wrapper benchmarks for Cython, Boost.Python and PyBindGen"
240:
246:
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my_bugatti.display_info() # Show final
Bugatti details
1323:(28 July 2007: official Cython launch). Vilnius/Lietuva.
125:
99:
760:# This code is always interpreted, like normal Python.
1859:
870:(or through in-browser python console called Jupyter
857:$ pythonsetup.pybuild_ext--inplace $ pythonlaunch.py
249:
237:
193:
1633:"Using Cython to Speed up Numerical Python Programs"
1405:"Cython - an overview — Cython 0.19.1 documentation"
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717:A main python program to load the extension module
714:build process that generates the extension module
1380:"Language Basics — Cython 3.0.0a9 documentation"
1317:"The Cython Compiler for C-Extensions in Python"
291:Cython is written in Python and C and works on
2153:Python (programming language) implementations
1896:
1508:"Basic Tutorial — Cython 3.0a6 documentation"
853:These commands build and launch the program:
8:
438:# These variables are declared with C types.
28:
1815:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
306:Cython 3.0.0 was released on 17 July 2023.
1903:
1889:
1881:
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199:
81:
27:
1614:"Fast numerical computations with Cython"
1588:
1762:(Message to the electronic mailing-list
388:from Pyrex in 2007 by developers of the
1307:
1808:
1739:"Differences between Cython and Pyrex"
1429:Cython: A Guide for Python Programmers
48:Robert Bradshaw, Stefan Behnel, et al.
1793:from the original on 21 December 2021
1273:my_bugatti = Bugatti("Chiron", 2023)
7:
1561:Computing in Science and Engineering
276:that is typically used to generate
1787:"Cython: Past, Present and Future"
365:Low overhead in control structures
14:
2158:Software using the Apache license
1718:"Cython: C-Extensions for Python"
1557:"Cython: The Best of Both Worlds"
1536:. Technicaldiscovery.blogspot.com
1532:Oliphant, Travis (20 June 2011).
1269:Create an instance of the Bugatti
862:Using in IPython/Jupyter notebook
2011:
230:
112:3.0.0 beta 2 (27 March 2023
34:
337:and the ability to declare the
380:Cython is a derivative of the
1:
2148:Python (programming language)
1758:Ewing, Greg (21 March 2011).
1612:Seljebot, Dag Sverre (2009).
261:of the programming language
827:"Hello world app"
2179:
2163:Source-to-source compilers
2121:Python Software Foundation
1458:"FAQ · cython/cython Wiki"
763:# It is not compiled to C.
368:Low function call overhead
324:foreign function interface
15:
2110:
2009:
1639:: 495–512. Archived from
1277:Use the Bugatti's methods
282:wrapped in interface code
212:
132:
70:
33:
876:
855:
785:
754:
747:"Hello World!"
726:
414:
356:Optimistic optimizations
16:Not to be confused with
1637:Proceedings of MekIT'09
1315:Behnel, Stefan (2008).
137:Implementation language
114:; 17 months ago
1831:"Building Cython code"
687:
58:; 17 years ago
1835:cython.readthedocs.io
1581:10.1109/MCSE.2010.118
1512:cython.readthedocs.io
1384:cython.readthedocs.io
1361:, cython, 15 May 2023
720:Cython source file(s)
686:Hello World in Cython
685:
88:; 41 days ago
1426:Smith, Kurt (2015).
404:Cython files have a
319:Python interpreter.
25:Programming language
1573:2011CSE....13b..31B
710:file to invoke the
180:Filename extensions
53:First appeared
30:
1483:"Cython Changelog"
1335:"Release 3.0.11-1"
688:
401:to become Cython.
173:Apache License 2.0
2135:
2134:
2126:Python Conference
1646:on 4 January 2017
1443:978-1-4919-0155-7
1407:. Docs.cython.org
845:"*.pyx"
462:# Another C type
410:dynamically typed
274:compiled language
223:
222:
184:.pyx, .pxd, .pxi
56:28 July 2007
2170:
2102:Guido van Rossum
2015:
1990:Stackless Python
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1860:Official website
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1694:. Archived from
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1668:. Archived from
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1358:Cython Changelog
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1995:Unladen Swallow
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1337:. 5 August 2024
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474:# A Python type
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1723:22 November
1590:11336/13103
1517:11 December
1389:9 September
833:ext_modules
692:hello world
399:cython-lxml
339:static type
126:[±]
100:[±]
2142:Categories
1960:IronPython
1764:python-dev
1487:cython.org
1467:11 January
1321:EuroPython
1303:References
794:setuptools
712:setuptools
696:setuptools
362:(optional)
119:2023-03-27
63:2007-07-28
2040:Ninja-IDE
1985:Shed Skin
1341:22 August
839:cythonize
812:cythonize
778:say_hello
735:say_hello
698:or other
690:A sample
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2115:Software
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1935:CLPython
1840:24 April
1811:cite web
1791:Archived
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1599:14292107
1286:See also
888:load_ext
872:notebook
708:setup.py
335:routines
286:run time
259:superset
2128:(PyCon)
2045:PyCharm
1940:CPython
1803:YouTube
1650:14 June
1569:Bibcode
1540:21 July
1492:21 July
1411:21 July
1197:1000000
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868:IPython
678:Example
376:History
293:Windows
278:CPython
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189:Website
168:License
153:Windows
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2117:(list)
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1965:Jython
1945:Cython
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1872:Cython
1744:GitHub
1702:28 May
1676:28 May
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1365:19 May
1188:timeit
1131:timeit
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990:return
903:cython
891:Cython
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700:PEP517
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299:, and
263:Python
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2050:PyDev
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1955:Numba
1797:5 May
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1077:range
1008:cpdef
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800:setup
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769:hello
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525:while
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2030:eric
2022:IDEs
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1772:2011
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