976:(BIS), spoke of high levels of Russian espionage in the Czech Republic and highlighted "security risks including an increasing influence by organized crime in the state sector". The report also stated that "intelligence services of the Russian Federation operating on Czech territory organize media campaigns and other activities supporting Russian interests" and that the Czech Republic has been targeted by Russia due to its membership in NATO and the EU reflecting Russia's interests to acquire information about the functioning of these institutions. Russian influence has especially targeted Russian economic interests in the Czech Republic (i.e. the energy sector), but has also infiltrated into politics and media. The Russian intelligence activity focused on pro-Russian propaganda and on political, scientific, technical and economic espionage.
1054:
507:
would correspond to the current situation at the Czech
Embassy in Moscow". On 22 April, as Russia refused to abide with the Czech demands in returning Czech staff to the Embassy in Moscow, the Czech foreign ministry announced it was reducing and capping the number of staff at the Russian Embassy in Prague at the current number of their staff in Moscow; the Russian embassy staff were required to leave the Czech Republic by 31 May 2021. The Czech government response was followed with support by a number of other EU countries expelling Russia′s diplomatic personnel. The Russian government responded by setting the Czech Republic on its '
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38:
927:
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862:
826:
790:
754:
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682:
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907:, as it was the destination of only 1.7% for Czech exports in 2016. The vast majority of exports from the Czech Republic go to other EU members (84.1% in 2016) while most imports into the Czech Republic come from other EU members (76,6% in 2013) or from China (7,3% in 2016). Despite that Czech-Russian trade was still higher than with US trade, reaching 9.21 billion US dollar for the Czech Republic in 2019. Czech exports to Russia grew 38.8% in 2016 to 2019.
705:
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57:
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68:
948:"unfavorable" or "very unfavorable"). For comparison, in the same poll, Czechs had similarly limited "very favorable" or "favorable" responses for other Eastern European countries (Ukraine 22%; Serbia 27%) and more "very favorable" or "favorable" responses for Western European countries (France 69%; U.K. 67%).
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along with several other publications. Russian information war focuses on spreading misinformation about the EU and NATO, trying to change public perception of Russia and bribing local politicians. Czech officials estimate that the
Russian government is behind approximately 40 Czech-language websites
987:
As of 2017, there were 140 Russian nationals accredited in the Czech
Republic as diplomats, a disproportionately large number compared to other countries, and also compared to only 65 Czech diplomats in Russia. Senior representatives of the 40,000-strong ethnic Russian community in the Czech Republic
506:
on 21 April gave the
Russian government an ultimatum saying Russia had until 12 p.m. the next day to allow the return of all the Czech diplomats it had expelled from Moscow back to the Czech Embassy in Moscow and if that did not happen "he would cut the number of Russian Embassy staff in Prague so it
947:
as a legacy of Soviet-era conflicts. Among Czechs, Russia continuously remains one of the most negatively perceived countries in public opinion polls, and in 2016 only 26% of Czechs responded that they have either a "very favorable" or "favorable" opinion about Russia (versus 37% responding
910:
In 2021 Russian exports to
Czechia were $ 6.14 billion with natural gas being the main product. Czechia exports were $ 4.25 billion with vehicle parts being the main trade item. Between 1995 and 2021 Russian exports rose by an average of 5.28% p.a. with imports rising by 7.69% p.a..
289:, which was annexed by the Soviet Union, which then evicted over 2 million ethnic Germans and confiscated their property before moving communists from other countries into this territory to repopulate it, including Greeks. Not happy with the 1946 election results, the USSR-backed
1085:. Russians have the largest proportion of university educated individuals among other immigrant groups. Most incoming Russians are members of the middle or upper classes and their reasons for migration into the Czech Republic are desire for a life in the European Union, better
309:
re-established the hardline
Communist rule by force. 108 Czechs and Slovaks died and approximately 500 were wounded as a direct result of the invasion. This damaged relations between the two countries. In 1968–69, Czechoslovakia was turned into a federation of the
979:
In 2009, two
Russian diplomats were expelled from the Czech Republic due to espionage. As of 2015, according to the Security Information Service, the most active foreign espionage in the Czech Republic originated from Russia, followed by
991:
In
December 2018, the BIS revealed that it prevented the activity of dozens of Russian spies during the previous five years, and earlier that year it uncovered and broke up a network of Russian intelligence informants.
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on 31 December 1992 into two countries, Russia immediately recognised the independent Czech
Republic and the two states established diplomatic relations on 1 January 1993. During an official visit by Russia′s president
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While economic relations were good prior to the 2014 sanctions, and the Czech
Republic is a common tourist destination for Russians, the Czech people themselves tend to be distrustful of Russia due to the
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511:' along with the United States. As a result the Czech embassy in Moscow are allowed to only hire up to 19 Russian locals, while the U.S. embassy in Moscow are not allowed to hire any Russian locals.
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There is an immigrant minority of 33 970 Russian citizens with a residence permit in the Czech Republic for a period of 12 months or more, as of 2016. It is the fourth largest immigrant group after
238:
and the countries established diplomatic relations in June 1934. On 16 May 1935, the Czechoslovak–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance was signed between the two governments that followed the similar
2099:
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has accused the Russian Embassy of attempting to recruit the community′s members as agents of influence, setting up the Coordinating Council of the Russian Compatriots in the Czech Republic.
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In November 2023 the Czech government froze all Russian State assets in their country, blocking the sale of land and buildings and bank accounts associated with the rental of such assets.
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The relationship between the Czech Republic and Russia is complex and historically fraught with tension. Here's a deeper look at the key events that shaped their interactions:
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is the best system to organize a country, to build negative images of the European Union and NATO, and discourage people from participation in the democratic processes".
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555:. The relationship between the Czech lands and Russia during this period was shaped by a fundamental difference in their religious and political spheres of influence.
1942:
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592:, were ultimately subject to its rule. Russia, on the other hand, pursued its own expansionist ambitions, particularly eastward and into competition with the
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world. This religious schism, established in the Great Schism of 1054, created a significant cultural and ideological gulf between the two regions.
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The value of trade between the Czech Republic and Russia is in billions of US dollars. Most imports from Russia into the Czech Republic are
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The independent Czech Republic re-aligned its foreign policy and economic interests with Western allies throughout the 1990's, and joined
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and also political reasons. Russian immigrants have large proportion of business people in comparison with other immigrant groups.
1248:
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318:. However, the centralised political control by the Czechoslovak Communist Party severely limited the effects of federalisation.
115:
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1836:"Подписание российско-американского Договора о сокращении и ограничении СНВ. Визит в Чехию • Президент России"
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1801:
480:
340:
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3583:
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374:, to sign economic contracts and cultural exchange. Both countries consider each other as an important economic partner.
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to the Czech Republic in August 1993, the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation was signed by Yeltsin and Czech president
1593:
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973:
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The Czech Republic is a popular destination for Russian tourists. In 2017, over 550,000 Russians visited the country.
1013:
are major pro-Russian in the Czech Republic; the latter of which is described by the report as a particular source of
134:
111:
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3496:
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2013:
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Following Russia's own diplomatic response of expelling Czech diplomats, the newly appointed Czech foreign minister
3804:
1981:
1817:
3688:
3626:
3268:
3228:
3186:
3181:
3056:
3011:
2870:
966:
508:
315:
2250:
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1913:
1042:
1026:, the "key goal of Russian propaganda in the Czech Republic is to sow doubts into the minds of the people that
926:
311:
2116:
3767:
3698:
1797:"Gorbachev visit stirs up Czechoslovakia. Once again, people are talking openly of politics - CSMonitor.com"
1206:
888:
609:, Czechoslovakia emerged as an independent state. It maintained diplomatic relations with the newly formed
488:
483:), near the Czech-Slovak border, in October 2014. Shortly after, the Czech Republic formally informed the
596:
This differing political landscape limited interaction and fostered a sense of distance between the two.
3830:
1323:
1004:
1009:
2312:
1375:"Czech Republic Expels 18 Russian Diplomats Over Depot Blast; Searches For Skripal Poisoning Suspects"
900:
such as fuels and metals; exports from the Czech Republic to Russia are mostly manufactured products.
2192:
2047:
1594:"Moscow, Prague To Keep Equal Number Of Staff At Each Other's Embassies, Says Czech Foreign Minister"
1090:
563:
17:
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1995:
440:
286:
195:
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1967:
1929:
1897:
1178:
996:
207:
1023:
723:
687:
914:
Czech imports of Russian gas ceased in 2022 with crude oil continuing to be imported until the
2121:
1752:
1727:
1078:
1027:
1019:
710:
589:
571:
552:
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allies on the matter and requested a joint statement at the NATO level as well as a follow-up
332:
211:
122:
91:
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Rusové se vrací. Počet zahraničních turistů v Česku přesáhl rekordních deset milionů - E15.cz
2236:
R07 Cizinci s pobytem nad 12 měsíců podle státního občanství v letech 2008 - 2016 (k 31. 12.)
640:. However, many Czechoslovak communists found refuge in the Soviet Union during this period.
258:
203:
185:
2263:
1159:
Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPCz CC, Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPS CC.
3818:
2316:
1351:
931:
854:
818:
548:
538:
455:
announced that the Czech Republic was expelling 18 Russian diplomats it had identified as
367:
215:
903:
However, Russia was a smaller trade partner for the Czech Republic in 2016 following its
867:
831:
795:
759:
566:
tradition. As part of the Holy Roman Empire (later the Austrian Empire), they adhered to
518:
452:
349:
1749:
Czechoslovakia Before Munich: The German minority problem and British appeasement policy
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825:
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782:
753:
717:
681:
585:
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432:
428:
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400:
360:
226:
95:
61:
3813:
1291:"Czech PM's Remarks On 2014 Blasts Trigger Outrage, Underscore Split Over Russia Ties"
149:
102:. Relations have substantially deteriorated in recent years due to events such as the
3852:
3842:
897:
746:
674:
593:
577:
575:
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meeting "to discuss other possible coordinated steps". In the wake of the expulsion,
407:
345:
302:
962:
543:
The Czech lands were aligned with the Catholic sphere of influence, first under the
406:
In March 2018, the Czech Republic arrested and extradited a Russian hacker into the
704:
668:
625:
610:
336:
294:
282:
230:
88:
257:
and terminated diplomatic relations with Czech representatives. Shortly after the
495:
commented that "in a rare act of unity, Zeman took the government’s side against
3708:
2034:
606:
588:
for centuries. The Czechs, though possessing some degree of autonomy within the
567:
476:
377:
298:
199:
191:
2031:
CZECH INTELLIGENCE: HALF OF RUSSIA’S DIPLOMATS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC ARE SPIES
1074:
468:
464:
456:
254:
1625:
614:
293:
in February 1948 resulted in Czechoslovakia becoming part of the Soviet-led
266:
262:
1690:"Czech Republic to freeze all Russian state assets - government's decision"
1621:"EU's Baltic states expel four Russian diplomats in solidarity with Prague"
2264:
Rusů v Česku stále přibývá. Jsou už třetí nejpočetnější skupinou imigrantů
1403:"Czech Republic informs NATO allies why it expelled Russian embassy staff"
395:. In March 2018, the Czech Republic expelled three Russian diplomats as a
1571:
2078:
Russian Intelligence Waging Information War, Says Czech Security Service
1773:"Yuri Andropov made his first official trip abroad as... - UPI Archives"
525:, saying those who carried out the strike were the "dregs of humanity".
2163:
2094:
1881:
1708:
1652:
1544:
1540:"Slovakia expels three Russian embassy staff in solidarity with Czechs"
1461:
1266:"Russia opens criminal case after Czech officials remove Soviet statue"
1236:
1082:
1070:
417:
has been one of the issues that caught public attention in this area.
234:
1648:"Russia deems U.S., Czech Republic 'unfriendly', limits embassy hires"
1457:"Livid Russia expels 20 Czechs after blast blamed on Skripal suspects"
951:
435:-friendly leaders", with some of his close aides said to be agents of
2716:
2188:
Analýza „prokremelských“ webů: šíří vlnu zloby a půl procenta soucitu
1567:"Baltic nations expel Russian diplomats in support of Czech Republic"
1164:
872:
848:
836:
812:
800:
776:
764:
740:
728:
692:
499:". The Russian government responded by expelling 20 Czech diplomats.
371:
130:
99:
72:
1704:
Czech minister calls attackers of Kyiv hospital 'dregs of humanity'
1513:"Czechia will reduce and cap the number of Russian embassy workers"
3678:
1249:
Czech Republic defies Russia, extradites 'hacker' to United States
1052:
981:
961:
925:
887:
376:
270:
3788:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1849:
463:
spies — after the Czech intelligence agencies had concluded that
285:
pre-war Czechoslovakia was re-established, with the exception of
1835:
1347:"Czech president Milos Zeman in war of words over Russia stance"
1000:
633:
584:
The Holy Roman Empire, and later the Austrian Empire, dominated
484:
467:
officers, namely members of Russian military intelligence GRU's
356:
3725:
3667:
2732:
2687:
2325:
2301:
1850:"Официальный визит в Чехию • Президент России"
952:
Russia's espionage and other illicit activity in Czech Republic
1135:"Council of Europe suspends Russia's rights of representation"
144:
1233:
Czechs expel three Russian diplomats after UK chemical attack
1057:
Protest of Russians living in the Czech Republic against the
1041:
to counter the threats from Russia among other issues. Czech
918:
can be adapted to process sweeter grades from other sources.
1878:
Vyvážené zboží míří z 84 procent do EU. Do Ruska jde minimum
1485:"Prague Gives Moscow Ultimatum As Diplomatic Spat Escalates"
1430:"Russia's Circle of Friends Just Got Smaller in East Europe"
253:
in March 1939, the Soviet Union promptly recognized the new
2309:
2302:
Consulate-General of the Czech Republic in Saint Petersburg
1996:"In Eastern Europe, Pact With Russians Raises Old Specters"
1982:"Central Europe makes progress towards energy independence"
391:
from 2014, the Czech Republic has participated in enacting
265:
gained asylum in the Soviet Union, however hundreds of non-
2176:
Prohlášení ředitele BIS Michala Koudelky k činnosti služby
2014:
Sympatie české veřejnosti k některým zemím – listopad 2016
972:
The 2006 annual report by the Czech intelligence agency,
2212:
Czech Republic to fight 'fake news' with specialist unit
1668:"Russia lists US, Czech Republic as 'unfriendly states'"
1045:
publish an up-to date list of pro-Russian publications.
570:. In contrast, Russia emerged as a leading power in the
125:(though Russia's membership has been suspended) and the
161:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2026:
2024:
2022:
108:
Russian sabotage of Czech ammunition depot in Vrbětice
3802:
2111:
2109:
443:, thereby defying NATO′s and EU′s official policies.
397:
reaction to the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
1319:"How Czech President Miloš Zeman Became Putin's Man"
551:. This put them at odds with the Orthodox-dominated
521:
summoned Russia's ambassador in Prague following an
127:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
3614:
3374:
3097:
2969:
2743:
2661:
2540:
2442:
2396:
2366:
648:
439:. Zeman has supported Russia on issues such as the
427:from March 2013, has been described as "one of the
305:pro-democracy reforms of the Czech government, the
44:
2224:PROPAGANDA MASKOVANÁ BOJEM ZA SVOBODU A DEMOKRACII
2073:
2071:
1910:Podíl dovozu ze zemí EU 28 na celkovém dovozu (%)
1231:Julian Borger, Patrick Wintour, Heather Stewart.
1179:"Portréty deportovaných ve světle dokumentů NKVD"
1873:
1871:
301:in May 1955. In August 1968, in response to the
297:, and it was one of the founding members of the
2016:(in Czech). CVVM. Published on 5 January 2017.
958:2014 Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions
934:as a symbol of communism in a museum in Prague
2699:
2337:
2136:"How Russians Pay to Play in Other Countries"
1518:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic
1408:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic
8:
2090:"Russia expels 2 Czech diplomats in spy row"
1863:Rusko: Obchodní a ekonomická spolupráce s ČR
1751:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.
30:
2310:Embassy of the Russian Federation in Prague
1724:A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918
1201:
1199:
1035:Centre Against Terrorism and Hybrid Threats
451:On 17 April 2021, the Czech prime minister
182:Pan-Slavism in the Czech lands and Slovakia
3722:
3664:
2740:
2729:
2706:
2692:
2684:
2344:
2330:
2322:
1177:Dvořák, Jan; Horník, Jan; Hradilek, Adam.
636:, who initially recognized the pro-German
562:The Czech lands were firmly rooted in the
382:European Union (green) and Russia (orange)
3864:Bilateral relations of the Czech Republic
2669:Diplomatic missions of the Czech Republic
413:In late 2010s, the controversy about the
242:, which was Czechoslovakia's major ally.
2247:Cizinci v ČR: Vietnamci u nás zakořenili
1926:FIELD LISTING :: IMPORTS - PARTNERS
1894:FIELD LISTING :: EXPORTS - PARTNERS
389:Russian military intervention in Ukraine
249:and the establishment of the pro-German
3809:
2360:Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
2297:Embassy of the Czech Republic in Moscow
1126:
1111:Foreign relations of the Czech Republic
995:According to a 2016 study by the Czech
523:attack on a children's hospital in Kyiv
129:. The Czech Republic has an embassy in
121:Both countries are full members of the
1865:(Czech). BusinessInfo.cz. 23. 6. 2017.
29:
1161:An Outline of the History of the CPCz
1022:and inaccurate reports. According to
18:Czechoslovakia-Soviet Union relations
7:
2226:(in Czech). Neovlivní.cz. 7.11.2016.
1818:"YELTSIN AND HAVEL TRY TO BURY PAST"
366:In December 2011, Russian president
1207:"Отношения с Российской Федерацией"
1167:: Orbis Press Agency, 1980. p. 158.
247:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
240:treaty between the USSR and France
25:
3763:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2117:Putin’s Central European Spy Base
2048:"Russian Spy Tale Rattles Czechs"
393:economic sanctions against Russia
210:, were aligned with the Catholic
3836:
3824:
3812:
2791:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2715:
2387:
2353:
2102:from the original on 2022-04-01.
1816:Perlez, Jane (August 27, 1993).
1747:Brügel, Johann (July 27, 1973).
1726:(2nd ed.). Robert A. Kann.
1087:healthcare in the Czech Republic
1059:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
967:NATO (green) and Russia (orange)
860:
847:
824:
811:
788:
775:
752:
739:
716:
703:
680:
667:
517:In 2024, Czech Foreign Minister
335:of 1989, the dissolution of the
148:
133:. The Russian Federation has an
66:
55:
36:
3859:Czech Republic–Russia relations
2284:(in Czech). 2018-04-28. E15.cz.
1599:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1490:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1380:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1296:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
892:Russian gas pipelines in Europe
471:, were involved in two massive
425:president of the Czech Republic
85:Czech Republic–Russia relations
31:Czech Republic–Russia relations
2178:(in Czech). bis.cz. 7.12.2018.
1049:Russians in the Czech Republic
415:statue of Ivan Konev in Prague
1:
3869:Bilateral relations of Russia
3749:Diplomatic missions of Russia
1802:The Christian Science Monitor
1239:. Published on 26 March 2018.
1033:In 2017, a special unit, the
465:Russian military intelligence
341:dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1702:Jason Hovet (10 July 2024),
974:Security Information Service
945:negative opinion of Russians
630:occupation of Czechoslovakia
104:Russian annexation of Crimea
3737:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2722:Foreign relations of Russia
1116:Foreign relations of Russia
632:severed relations with the
473:ammunition depot explosions
116:Russian invasion of Ukraine
112:poisoning of Sergei Skripal
3885:
1018:presenting radical views,
955:
930:A caricature of a Russian
179:
3732:
3721:
3674:
3663:
2739:
2728:
2385:
1043:investigative journalists
905:economic downturn in 2015
509:unfriendly countries list
339:in December 1991 and the
316:Slovak Socialist Republic
78:
65:
54:
35:
3704:Russia and the Antarctic
2786:Central African Republic
2251:Czech Statistical Office
1914:Czech Statistical Office
1039:Ministry of the Interior
1037:, was founded under the
312:Czech Socialist Republic
3768:Eurasian Economic Union
3699:Arctic policy of Russia
1003:, pro-Russian websites
941:Soviet invasion of 1968
3758:European energy sector
3669:Multilateral relations
3402:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1061:
969:
935:
893:
489:North Atlantic Council
410:on American request.
384:
359:in march 1999 and the
291:pro-Soviet coup d'état
287:Subcarpathian Ruthenia
269:refugees were sent to
2796:Republic of the Congo
2673:in the Czech Republic
1722:Kann, Robert (1974).
1056:
965:
943:, and tend to hold a
929:
891:
613:but remained wary of
387:As a response to the
380:
322:Post-Cold War history
3773:Military Cooperation
3351:United Arab Emirates
1091:corruption in Russia
582:Political Landscape:
437:Russian intelligence
277:Cold War (1945–1989)
261:, many Czechoslovak
3062:Trinidad and Tobago
2734:Bilateral relations
2662:Diplomatic missions
2214:. 28 December 2016.
2115:John R. Schindler.
1984:. 8 September 2023.
1692:. 16 November 2023.
1020:conspiracy theories
877:December 7–8, 2011
441:Russo-Ukrainian War
307:Soviet-led invasion
196:early modern period
32:
27:Bilateral relations
2315:2008-05-17 at the
2269:Hospodářské noviny
2144:. 30 December 2016
2056:. 23 December 2010
2000:The New York Times
1930:The World Factbook
1898:The World Factbook
1852:. 7 December 2011.
1822:The New York Times
1211:www.mzv.cz/moscow/
1141:. 25 February 2022
1062:
997:Masaryk University
970:
936:
894:
709:General Secretary
697:January 3-5, 1983
673:General Secretary
529:Historical context
385:
208:Kingdom of Bohemia
190:During the entire
160:. You can help by
100:Russian Federation
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3783:Military doctrine
3745:
3717:
3716:
3659:
3658:
3655:
3654:
2811:Equatorial Guinea
2681:
2680:
2193:Mladá fronta DNES
2122:New York Observer
1355:. 9 February 2015
1327:. 26 January 2018
1089:, high levels of
1010:Parlamentní listy
916:Litvinov refinery
881:
880:
733:April 9-12, 1987
711:Mikhail Gorbachev
590:Habsburg monarchy
564:Western Christian
560:Religious Divide:
553:Tsardom of Russia
545:Holy Roman Empire
333:Velvet Revolution
212:Holy Roman Empire
202:, in the form of
178:
177:
135:embassy in Prague
123:Council of Europe
92:foreign relations
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
3876:
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3808:
3742:Foreign Minister
3739:
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3192:Kurdistan Region
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2017:
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1992:
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1968:"Russia/Czechia"
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259:Munich Agreement
204:Duchy of Bohemia
186:Munich Agreement
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3370:
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2196:. June 13, 2016
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2002:. 7 April 2010.
1994:
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1970:. January 2022.
1966:
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1838:. 7 April 2010.
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1493:. 21 April 2021
1483:
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1465:. 18 April 2021
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1428:
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1401:
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1396:
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1384:
1383:. 17 April 2021
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1352:Financial Times
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1299:. 20 April 2021
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932:matryoshka doll
924:
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855:Dmitry Medvedev
846:
823:
819:Dmitry Medvedev
810:
787:
774:
751:
738:
715:
702:
679:
666:
658:Place of visit
647:
645:Official visits
549:Austrian Empire
539:Medieval Period
531:
449:
368:Dmitry Medvedev
329:
324:
279:
229:recognized the
224:
216:Austrian Empire
192:medieval period
188:
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158:needs expansion
143:
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3831:Czech Republic
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3601:United Kingdom
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3422:Czech Republic
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3072:Russian Empire
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2291:External links
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2198:
2180:
2168:
2155:
2141:New York Times
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2053:New York Times
2039:
2018:
2005:
1987:
1973:
1959:
1934:
1918:
1902:
1886:
1884:. 13. 9. 2016.
1867:
1855:
1841:
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1758:978-0521086875
1757:
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1733:978-0520024083
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1659:
1656:. 14 May 2021.
1639:
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1476:
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1435:Bloomberg News
1421:
1394:
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1253:Deutsche Welle
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1081:, followed by
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1015:disinformation
953:
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922:Public opinion
920:
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783:Vladimir Putin
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586:Central Europe
557:
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547:and later the
530:
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504:Jakub Kulhánek
493:Bloomberg News
448:
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429:European Union
401:United Kingdom
361:European Union
331:Following the
328:
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245:Following the
227:Czechoslovakia
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169:September 2021
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2272:. 2. 11. 2017
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2019:
2015:
2012:Milan Tuček.
2009:
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2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1977:
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1969:
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1670:. 14 May 2021
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1255:. 30.03.2018.
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747:Boris Yeltsin
742:
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675:Yuri Andropov
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408:United States
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363:in May 2004.
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
346:Boris Yeltsin
342:
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303:Prague Spring
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156:This section
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124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
77:
74:
63:
53:
50:
48:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
3606:Vatican City
3507:Transnistria
3421:
3346:Turkmenistan
3301:Saudi Arabia
3077:Soviet Union
2926:South Africa
2771:Burkina Faso
2627:
2305:(in Russian)
2277:
2267:
2266:(in Czech).
2258:
2242:
2231:
2219:
2191:
2183:
2171:
2166:. 8.12.2018.
2162:(in Czech).
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2139:
2130:
2120:
2093:
2084:
2058:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2008:
1999:
1990:
1976:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1921:
1905:
1889:
1858:
1844:
1830:
1821:
1811:
1800:
1791:
1780:. Retrieved
1776:
1767:
1748:
1742:
1723:
1717:
1707:
1698:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1662:
1651:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1629:. 2021-04-23
1624:
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1602:. 2021-04-23
1597:
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1575:. 2021-04-23
1570:
1561:
1550:. Retrieved
1548:. 2021-04-22
1543:
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1521:. 2021-04-22
1516:
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1488:
1479:
1467:. Retrieved
1460:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1438:. 2021-04-22
1433:
1424:
1413:. Retrieved
1411:. 2021-04-21
1406:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1378:
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1324:observer.com
1322:
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1294:
1285:
1274:. Retrieved
1272:. 2020-04-10
1270:the Guardian
1269:
1260:
1244:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1213:(in Russian)
1210:
1186:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1138:
1129:
1100:
1068:
1032:
1024:Tomáš Prouza
1008:
994:
990:
986:
978:
971:
937:
913:
909:
902:
895:
868:Václav Klaus
832:Václav Klaus
796:Václav Klaus
760:Václav Havel
724:Gustáv Husák
688:Gustáv Husák
638:Slovak state
626:Nazi Germany
622:
611:Soviet Union
602:
581:
580:
559:
558:
537:
532:
519:Jan Lipavský
516:
513:
501:
453:Andrej Babiš
450:
447:2021–present
419:
412:
405:
386:
365:
354:
350:Václav Havel
337:Soviet Union
330:
295:Eastern Bloc
283:World War II
280:
271:labour camps
251:Slovak state
244:
233:
231:Soviet Union
225:
189:
166:
162:adding to it
157:
120:
114:in 2018 and
94:between the
84:
83:
3709:Near Abroad
3637:New Zealand
3579:Switzerland
3524:Netherlands
3311:South Korea
3291:Philippines
3264:North Korea
3105:Afghanistan
2931:South Sudan
2846:Ivory Coast
2517:South Korea
2512:Philippines
2262:Jan Němec.
2125:. 05/18/17.
2035:Czech Radio
1952:6 September
1674:6 September
1469:6 September
1139:www.coe.int
1065:Immigration
607:World War I
568:Catholicism
421:Miloš Zeman
299:Warsaw Pact
200:Czech lands
3853:Categories
3594:Luhansk PR
3589:Donetsk PR
3519:Montenegro
3492:Luxembourg
3356:Uzbekistan
3331:Tajikistan
3224:Kyrgyzstan
3214:Kazakhstan
3150:East Timor
3125:Bangladesh
3115:Azerbaijan
3007:Costa Rica
2916:Seychelles
2891:Mozambique
2876:Mauritania
2866:Madagascar
2492:Kazakhstan
1782:2024-01-07
1633:2021-04-24
1606:2021-04-24
1579:2021-04-24
1552:2021-04-23
1525:2021-04-22
1442:2021-04-23
1415:2021-04-22
1276:2021-07-28
1122:References
1079:Vietnamese
1075:Ukrainians
956:See also:
866:President
853:President
830:President
817:President
794:President
781:President
758:President
745:President
722:President
686:President
623:1938-1945:
605:Following
603:1918-1938:
481:Vlachovice
469:unit 29155
281:Following
263:Communists
255:status quo
214:and later
180:See also:
141:Background
3753:in Russia
3727:Diplomacy
3622:Australia
3487:Lithuania
3316:Sri Lanka
3306:Singapore
3279:Palestine
3177:Indonesia
3089:Venezuela
3042:Nicaragua
3022:Guatemala
2977:Argentina
2881:Mauritius
2460:Indonesia
2190:(Czech).
1943:"Czechia"
1912:(Czech).
1626:France 24
1387:April 18,
1028:democracy
617:ideology.
615:communist
594:Ottomans.
479:(part of
327:1989–2020
267:communist
222:1934-1945
118:in 2022.
110:in 2014,
106:in 2014,
89:bilateral
3819:Politics
3778:Treaties
3564:Slovenia
3559:Slovakia
3544:Portugal
3407:Bulgaria
3336:Thailand
3274:Pakistan
3249:Mongolia
3244:Maldives
3239:Malaysia
3160:Abkhazia
3140:Cambodia
3052:Paraguay
3032:Honduras
3002:Colombia
2970:Americas
2961:Zimbabwe
2941:Tanzania
2826:Ethiopia
2821:Eswatini
2801:Djibouti
2781:Cameroon
2766:Botswana
2638:Slovakia
2563:Bulgaria
2507:Pakistan
2502:Mongolia
2497:Malaysia
2414:Colombia
2397:Americas
2313:Archived
2148:22 April
2100:Archived
2060:22 April
1572:Euronews
1497:22 April
1359:22 April
1331:22 April
1303:21 April
1217:22 April
1105:See also
477:Vrbětice
431:'s most
370:visited
98:and the
87:are the
3805:Portals
3647:Vanuatu
3615:Oceania
3584:Ukraine
3549:Romania
3502:Moldova
3467:Ireland
3462:Iceland
3457:Hungary
3447:Germany
3437:Finland
3432:Estonia
3427:Denmark
3412:Croatia
3397:Belgium
3392:Belarus
3387:Austria
3382:Albania
3361:Vietnam
3254:Myanmar
3234:Lebanon
3155:Georgia
3120:Bahrain
3110:Armenia
3084:Uruguay
3017:Ecuador
2982:Bolivia
2946:Tunisia
2921:Somalia
2911:Senegal
2901:Nigeria
2896:Namibia
2886:Morocco
2856:Lesotho
2816:Eritrea
2776:Burundi
2751:Algeria
2648:Ukraine
2613:Moldova
2598:Iceland
2588:Germany
2578:Denmark
2568:Croatia
2558:Belarus
2553:Austria
2548:Albania
2532:Vietnam
2434:Uruguay
2095:Reuters
1709:Reuters
1653:Reuters
1545:Reuters
1462:Reuters
1237:Reuters
1188:18 June
1145:1 March
1097:Tourism
1083:Germans
1071:Slovaks
1005:Sputnik
541:- 1917:
433:Kremlin
399:in the
235:de jure
3843:Russia
3574:Sweden
3554:Serbia
3539:Poland
3534:Norway
3514:Monaco
3477:Latvia
3452:Greece
3442:France
3417:Cyprus
3375:Europe
3341:Turkey
3326:Taiwan
3219:Kuwait
3209:Jordan
3199:Israel
3135:Brunei
3130:Bhutan
3047:Panama
3037:Mexico
3027:Guyana
2992:Canada
2987:Brazil
2956:Zambia
2951:Uganda
2906:Rwanda
2831:Gambia
2756:Angola
2744:Africa
2633:Serbia
2628:Russia
2623:Poland
2608:Kosovo
2593:Greece
2583:France
2573:Cyprus
2541:Europe
2527:Turkey
2522:Taiwan
2482:Israel
2419:Mexico
2409:Canada
2404:Brazil
2367:Africa
1928:. CIA
1896:. CIA
1755:
1730:
1706:
1184:. ÚSTR
1165:Prague
873:Prague
837:Prague
801:Prague
765:Prague
729:Prague
693:Prague
652:Guest
372:Prague
198:, the
131:Moscow
73:Russia
3679:BRICS
3642:Tonga
3632:Nauru
3569:Spain
3497:Malta
3472:Italy
3366:Yemen
3321:Syria
3296:Qatar
3284:Hamas
3259:Nepal
3204:Japan
3172:India
3145:China
2997:Chile
2936:Sudan
2861:Libya
2851:Kenya
2836:Ghana
2806:Egypt
2761:Benin
2643:Spain
2603:Italy
2487:Japan
2455:India
2450:China
2379:Libya
2374:Kenya
1182:(PDF)
982:China
884:Trade
769:1993
655:Host
497:Putin
3689:NATO
3627:Fiji
3269:Oman
3229:Laos
3187:Iraq
3182:Iran
3098:Asia
3057:Peru
3012:Cuba
2871:Mali
2470:Iraq
2465:Iran
2443:Asia
2424:Peru
2164:ČT24
2150:2021
2062:2021
1954:2021
1882:ČT24
1753:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1676:2021
1499:2021
1471:2021
1389:2021
1361:2021
1333:2021
1305:2021
1219:2021
1190:2015
1147:2022
1077:and
1007:and
1001:Brno
634:USSR
485:NATO
459:and
357:NATO
314:and
206:and
194:and
184:and
1947:OEC
1777:UPI
999:in
984:.
628:'s
475:in
461:SVR
457:GRU
403:.
218:.
164:.
3855::
3751:/
2671:/
2249:.
2201:^
2138:.
2119:.
2108:^
2098:.
2092:.
2070:^
2050:.
2033:.
2021:^
1998:.
1945:.
1880:.
1870:^
1820:.
1799:.
1775:.
1650:.
1623:.
1596:.
1569:.
1542:.
1515:.
1487:.
1459:.
1432:.
1405:.
1377:.
1349:.
1321:.
1293:.
1268:.
1251:.
1235:.
1209:.
1198:^
1163:.
1137:.
1073:,
423:,
352:.
273:.
137:.
3807::
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3740:(
2707:e
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2345:e
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2331:v
2253:.
2152:.
2064:.
2037:.
1956:.
1932:.
1916:.
1900:.
1824:.
1805:.
1785:.
1761:.
1736:.
1712:.
1678:.
1636:.
1609:.
1582:.
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1528:.
1501:.
1473:.
1445:.
1418:.
1391:.
1363:.
1335:.
1307:.
1279:.
1221:.
1192:.
1149:.
171:)
167:(
20:)
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