Knowledge (XXG)

CASA C-101 Aviojet

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engine. This unit was actually a commercial engine that had been re-developed for military use. Even from an early stage of development, the TFE731 was viewed as a front runner for the aircraft. According to Fredriksen, it provided relatively favourable performance and a high level of fuel economy
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On 17 March 1980, the first examples were introduced to operational service with the Spanish Air Force, which would be the principal customer for the C-101. The initial model possessed only a limited weapons capability, this attack capability was expanded upon later-built aircraft. Several models
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seating; the seats were staggered to provide the instructor in the rear position with greater visibility. The fuselage provided considerable internal space, permitting the installation of various additional aviation or supplemental systems as to suit future requirements or other secondary roles.
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opted to participate in the venture; specifically, engineers at MBB worked on the design of the rear fuselage and tail section while Northrop's team were responsible for the design of the aircraft's wings and engine inlets. Out of these efforts, a relatively conventional design was developed;
452:, which was again ordered by Chile. This time, only the prototype was built in Spain, with the remaining 22 machines built by ENAER. This variant featured yet another engine upgrade and increased fuel capacity; it has been designated 413:
during late July 1978. Performance was reportedly found to be better than anticipated by the designers. An initial order for 88 aircraft was placed by the Spanish Air Force; built as a dedicated trainer version, designated as
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fashion, which eases both manufacture and maintenance activities. It was provisioned with a considerable endurance range as a result of the initial requirement having called for a self-deployment capability to the
313:(CASA), who took an interest in the trainer requirement. During October 1975, CASA was awarded a development contract based upon their submission, requiring a pair of static airframes and four flight-capable 368:
The only surprising feature of the aircraft was the presence of a large internal weapons bay located beneath the rear cockpit; this allowed for a wider variety of armament to be carried than the underwing
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Shortly after this dedicated trainer model was introduced, the aircraft was followed in production by a combination attack/trainer variant. Equipped with an uprated engine, this variant was designated
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took place on 27 June 1977, the test flight phase, which included vibration, flutter and spin tests, did not commence until 17 April 1978. The prototype was flown in the
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amongst its peers. Overall, the aircraft provided mainly favourable characteristics while remaining an affordable trainer in comparison to international competition.
218:, was demonstrated but did not find customers and thus it did not enter serial production. In addition to its use as a trainer aircraft, it has been used to perform 337:
according to aviation author John C. Fredriksen, the principles of simplicity and economy were highly emphasised by the design, shunning high performance features.
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Between 1990 and 1992, all Spanish Air Force C-101s received an extensive upgrade package which mainly focused on the aircraft's navigation and armament systems.
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Typical CAS lo-lo-lo 315 km (196 mi) with 4x rocket launchers plus 2x 125 kg (276 lb) bombs and 1x 30 mm (1.181 in) cannon
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519 km (322 mi, 280 nmi) typical lo-lo-lo interdiction, with 4x 250 kg (551 lb) bombs and 1x 30 mm (1.181 in) cannon
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Early on in the 2010s there were talks about the replacement of the C-101. Finally, in 2020 it was decided that the C-101 would be replaced by the
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payloads. In addition to the weapons bay, both armaments and stores could be fitted upon six underwing hard points. The design was produced in a
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and Ha.220s. Akin to the majority of contemporary European jet trainers, it was also to have a limited attack capability. During 1972,
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Typical CAS lo-lo-lo 370 km (230 mi) with 4x rocket launchers and 1x 30 mm (1.181 in) cannon
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could accommodate; alternatively, this bay enabled the carriage of other equipment, including
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requirement issued in 1975, calling for a new jet trainer to replace its aging fleet of
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769 km/h (478 mph, 415 kn) at 4,500 kg (9,921 lb) at sea level
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to be built for testing purposes at a cost of 1,297 million pesetas ($ 22 million).
182:. The design was somewhat reminiscent of other jet trainers of the era, such as the 2048: 2038: 1127: 1055: 352:, which was relatively spacious amongst its peers, accommodated a crew of two in a 321: 191: 1533:
International Warbirds: An Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft, 1914-2000
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834 km/h (518 mph, 450 kn) / M0.8 at 4,500 kg (9,921 lb)
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656 km/h (408 mph, 354 kn) / M0.6 at 9,145 m (30,000 ft)
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834 km/h (518 mph; 450 kn) at 4,575 m (15,000 ft) at MPR
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To develop the aircraft, CASA sought technical assistance from abroad. Both the
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air-to-ground missile; however, as of 2000 it had not attracted any orders.
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806 km/h (501 mph; 435 kn) at 6,100 m (20,000 ft)
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Hewson, Robert. "The Vital Guide to Military Aircraft." Airlife, 2001.
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were exported to overseas operators; the C-101 has been adopted by the
1270:"Airbus propone un avion entrenador español capaz de portar armamento" 1122: 1032:
Up to 2,220 kg (4,894 lb) disposable stores on 6 underwing
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2,000 km (1,200 mi, 1,100 nmi) with 30 minutes reserve
571: 464: 353: 1245:"Airbus pitches new trainer jet for Spain, but with eyes for Europe" 1860: 597: 525: 483: 438: 434: 288: 280: 272: 264: 253: 178:. In June 1977, the first of four prototypes performed the type's 467:. During 2018, the last of these aircraft were phased out by the 1660: 340:
In terms of its basic configuration, the C-101 is a low-mounted
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Moderne Kampfflugzeuge. Bewaffnung, Einsatz, Erkennungsmerkmale
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Foreseen secondary roles included ground attack, armed escort,
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aircraft designed and manufactured by Spanish aircraft company
1220:"Airbus Looks to Create New Jet Trainer for Spanish Air Force" 1195:"Spanish Air Force Procures 24 Pilatus PC-21 Trainer Aircraft" 1517:. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd. 1515:
The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002–2003
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The final version of the C-101 to be developed, designated
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requirement, which needed a replacement for the outdated
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Typical CAS lo-lo-lo 602 km (374 mi) with 2x
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team. As of 2019, the C-101 remains in service in the
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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164 km/h (102 mph; 89 kn) flaps down
448:In 1983, CASA flew a dedicated attack version, the 277:
A C-101 Aviojet aircraft of the Jordanian Air Force
125: 117: 112: 104: 81: 73: 61: 45: 40: 23: 991:in detachable pods underneath the forward fuselage 269:A C-101 Aviojet aircraft of the Honduran Air Force 222:; in the latter context, it has been flown by the 758:183 km/h (114 mph, 99 kn) flaps up 389:The powerplant selected for the aircraft was the 1861:Empresa Nacional de Aeronáutica de Chile (ENAER) 1322: 1320: 1318: 690:engine, 19.13 kN (4,300 lbf) thrust 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 309:had been absorbed by Spanish aircraft company 1938: 1841: 1676: 8: 1374: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1362: 819:Typical Phot/recce 964 km (599 mi) 1171: 1169: 1167: 1165: 1945: 1931: 1923: 1848: 1834: 1826: 1683: 1669: 1661: 912:24.9 m/s (4,900 ft/min) (normal) 850:typical training mission 1 hour 10 minutes 20: 839:typical armed patrol – 3 hours 30 minutes 746:213 km/h (132 mph; 115 kn) 501:, as well as the capability to carry the 158:The C-101 was developed in response to a 951:Landing run from 15 m (49 ft): 813:and 1x 30 mm (1.181 in) cannon 752:176 km/h (109 mph; 95 kn) 297:The C-101 was designed in response to a 194:sophisticated, being equipped with an un 2283:1970s Spanish military trainer aircraft 1601:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1989–90 1582:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83 1484:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 1161: 620:Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1989–90 1560:Aircraft from 1914 to the present day 816:Typical ECM 611 km (380 mi) 214:. A final improved model, designated 7: 1857:Maestranza Central de Aviación (MCA) 1645:EADS CASA Manufacturer specification 1448:(in German). Hamburg; Berlin; Bonn: 1429:"Military Aircraft Directory: CASA." 880:3.9 at 4,500 kg (9,921 lb) 441:. The Chilean BB-02s are designated 1396:Tobar, Alfonso and Graham Warwick. 898:1 at 6,300 kg (13,889 lb) 653:4.25 m (13 ft 11 in) 647:10.6 m (34 ft 9 in) 641:12.5 m (41 ft 0 in) 14: 923:101.67 m (334 ft) (MPR) 411:Farnborough International Airshow 1650:Spanish Air Force specifications 1062: 1048: 987:2x 12.7 mm (0.500 in) 590: 564: 541: 518: 29: 1599:Taylor, John W.R., ed. (1989). 659:20 m (220 sq ft) 261:acrobatic team flying the C-101 16:Trainer aircraft family by CASA 976:1x 30 mm (1.181 in) 867:12,800 m (42,000 ft) 697:20.91 kN (4,700 lbf) 459:Sixteen similar aircraft, the 311:Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA 153:Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA 1: 2278:1980s Spanish attack aircraft 1956:trainer aircraft designations 695:Military Power Reserve (MPR): 612:Specifications (CASA C-101CC) 235:and several other countries. 174:(MBB) and the United States' 2308:Aircraft first flown in 1977 1656:Aviojet, Zaragoza 31/05/2008 1584:. London: Jane's Yearbooks. 1351:"Garrett's TFE731 turbofan." 139:is a low-wing single engine 2298:Single-engined jet aircraft 605:Spanish Air and Space Force 386:from the Spanish mainland. 359:photographic reconnaissance 324:manufacturing conglomerate 86:Spanish Air and Space Force 2329: 1332:, 16 October 1975. p. 560. 1103:Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet 953:800 m (2,600 ft) 947:560 m (1,840 ft) 363:electronic countermeasures 326:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm 172:Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm 2251: 1472:Taylor 1989, pp. 218–219. 1387:Thomas 2008, pp. 130–132. 853:maximum endurance 7 hours 579:Royal Jordanian Air Force 469:Royal Jordanian Air Force 433:, which bought four, and 244:Airbus Future Jet Trainer 212:Royal Jordanian Air Force 98:Royal Jordanian Air Force 28: 1558:Jackson, Robert (2011). 1513:Frawley, Gerard (2002). 1145:List of fighter aircraft 1488:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 1450:E.S. Mittler & Sohn 1444:Bättig, Thomas (2000). 1312:Fredriksen 2001, p. 71. 626:General characteristics 35:Spanish Air Force C-101 1618:Thomas, Cynda (2008). 1327:"Casa C-101 go-ahead." 488:radar warning receiver 294: 286: 278: 270: 262: 250:Design and development 2313:Chile–Spain relations 1184:Jackson 2011, p. 175. 685:Honeywell TFE731-5-1J 391:Honeywell TFE731-5-1J 292: 285:CASA C-101 prototype. 284: 276: 268: 257: 1954:Spanish Armed Forces 1620:Hell of A Ride, 2008 1531:Fredriksen, John C. 1432:Flight International 1417:Flight International 1401:Flight International 1354:Flight International 1341:Frawley 2002, p. 58. 1330:Flight International 1175:Taylor 1982, p. 180. 1133:Soko G-4 Super Galeb 486:-cockpit, AN/ALR-66 1701:Fixed-wing aircraft 1378:Hewson 2001, p. 36. 1356:, 4 September 1976. 1014:air-to-air missiles 401:Operational history 41:General information 1817:José Ortiz-Echagüe 1578:Taylor, John W. R. 1535:. ABC-CLIO, 2001. 1398:"Looking forward." 1083:Aero L-39 Albatros 782:Never exceed speed 556:Honduran Air Force 295: 293:Spanish CASA C-101 287: 279: 271: 263: 208:Honduran Air Force 137:CASA C-101 Aviojet 94:Honduran Air Force 2303:Low-wing aircraft 2265: 2264: 2085: 2027: 1969: 1963:Escuela Elemental 1920: 1919: 1823: 1822: 1629:978-0-5955-2878-3 1569:978-1-907446-02-3 1482:Lednicer, David. 1419:, 5 January 2010. 533:Chilean Air Force 299:Spanish Air Force 233:Spanish Air Force 204:Chilean Air Force 160:Spanish Air Force 133: 132: 118:Introduction date 90:Chilean Air Force 2320: 2258:No details known 2234: 2229: 2224: 2083: 2026:Advanced Trainer 2025: 2021:Escuela Superior 1967: 1947: 1940: 1933: 1924: 1850: 1843: 1836: 1827: 1685: 1678: 1671: 1662: 1633: 1614: 1595: 1573: 1528: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1494: 1479: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1441: 1435: 1426: 1420: 1410: 1404: 1403:, 14 April 1999. 1394: 1388: 1385: 1379: 1376: 1357: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1333: 1324: 1313: 1310: 1285: 1284: 1282: 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IUniverse. 1621: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1591:0-7106-0748-2 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1552:1-84037-065-3 1549: 1545: 1542: 1541:1-57607-364-5 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1524:1-875671-55-2 1520: 1516: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1489: 1485: 1478: 1475: 1469: 1466: 1461: 1459:9783813207170 1455: 1451: 1447: 1440: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1393: 1390: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1275: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1237: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1200: 1196: 1190: 1187: 1181: 1178: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1139:Related lists 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1078: 1071: 1060: 1057: 1046: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1000: 997: 996: 990: 986: 985: 983: 979: 975: 974: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 963: 960: 952: 949: 946: 945:Take-off run: 943: 939: 937: 936:Thrust/weight 933: 932: 922: 921: 920: 919: 918: 917: 916: 915: 911: 908: 907: 890: 889: 888: 887: 886: 885: 884: 883: 872: 869: 866: 863: 862: 852: 849: 848: 847: 846: 845: 844: 843: 842: 838: 835: 832: 829: 828: 818: 815: 812: 808: 805: 802: 801: 800: 799: 798: 797: 796: 795: 791: 790:Combat range: 788: 785: 783: 779: 778: 768: 767: 766: 765: 764: 763: 762: 761: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 738:Cruise speed: 736: 735: 725: 722: 721: 720: 719: 718: 717: 716: 715: 711: 708: 707: 706: 704: 696: 693: 689: 686: 682: 679: 676: 674: 670: 667: 665: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 630: 629: 627: 622: 621: 618: 611: 606: 603: 602: 599: 588: 587: 583:retired 2018. 580: 577: 576: 573: 562: 561: 557: 554: 553: 550: 539: 538: 534: 531: 530: 527: 516: 515: 511: 509: 506: 504: 500: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 477: 472: 470: 466: 463:were sold to 462: 457: 455: 451: 446: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 412: 408: 405:Although the 400: 398: 395: 392: 387: 385: 380: 376: 372: 366: 364: 360: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 335: 331: 327: 323: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 291: 283: 275: 267: 260: 256: 249: 247: 245: 242:(24) and the 241: 240:Pilatus PC-21 236: 234: 230: 227: 226: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 199: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 180:maiden flight 177: 173: 169: 165: 164:Hispano Saeta 161: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 128: 124: 121:17 March 1980 120: 116: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 84: 82:Primary users 80: 76: 72: 69: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 44: 39: 32: 27: 24:C-101 Aviojet 22: 19: 2255:Not assigned 2212: 2078: 2020: 1962: 1901: 1743: 1619: 1600: 1581: 1559: 1532: 1514: 1506:Bibliography 1491:. Retrieved 1487: 1477: 1468: 1445: 1439: 1431: 1424: 1416: 1408: 1400: 1392: 1383: 1353: 1346: 1337: 1329: 1277:. Retrieved 1264: 1252:. Retrieved 1239: 1227:. Retrieved 1214: 1202:. Retrieved 1189: 1180: 1138: 1137: 1128:Kawasaki T-4 1076: 1075: 1056:Spain portal 1022: 998: 966: 958: 956: 950: 944: 934: 909: 870: 864: 836: 831:Ferry range: 830: 789: 780: 756:Stall speed: 755: 749: 743: 737: 709: 702: 700: 694: 680: 671: 664:Aspect ratio 662: 656: 650: 644: 638: 632: 625: 623: 619: 616: 615: 607:(88 C-101EB) 507: 475: 473: 460: 458: 456:("Falcon"). 453: 449: 447: 442: 426: 424: 419: 418:by CASA and 415: 407:first flight 404: 388: 367: 361:, and as an 339: 319: 296: 237: 223: 215: 200: 157: 149:light attack 136: 134: 129:27 June 1977 126:First flight 105:Number built 63:Manufacturer 55:light attack 18: 1902:A-36 Halcon 1897:T-35 Pillán 1249:DefenseNews 1118:Hongdu JL-8 1008:2 – Rafael 978:DEFA cannon 703:Performance 681:Powerplant: 558:(4 C-101BB) 454:A-36 Halcón 443:T-36 Halcón 371:hard points 348:wings. The 246:(50 - 55). 141:jet-powered 77:Operational 51:jet trainer 2272:Categories 1279:9 November 1254:9 November 1229:9 November 1204:9 November 1151:References 1113:HESA Yasin 837:Endurance: 657:Wing area: 461:C-101CC-04 450:C-101CC-02 427:C-101BB-02 420:E.25 Mirlo 416:C-101EB-01 328:(MBB) and 315:prototypes 229:aerobatics 220:aerobatics 196:swept wing 2178:E.18 (II) 1981:EE.1 (II) 1652:(Spanish) 1156:Citations 1093:AIDC AT-3 999:Missiles: 871:g limits: 645:Wingspan: 617:Data from 512:Operators 342:monoplane 188:Alpha Jet 143:advanced 49:Advanced 2173:E.18 (I) 1976:EE.1 (I) 1863:aircraft 1694:aircraft 1580:(1982). 1493:16 April 1042:See also 959:Armament 688:turbofan 549:Honduras 431:Honduras 394:turbofan 334:Northrop 330:American 210:and the 186:and the 184:BAE Hawk 176:Northrop 155:(CASA). 57:aircraft 2084:Trainer 1907:Pantera 1199:DEFPOST 1010:Shafrir 673:Airfoil 651:Height: 639:Length: 476:C-101DD 379:modular 350:cockpit 346:unswept 344:, with 307:Hispano 216:C-101DD 168:Germany 145:trainer 113:History 1812:People 1793:HC-144 1789:CN-235 1626:  1607:  1588:  1566:  1550:  1539:  1521:  1456:  1123:IAR 99 1034:pylons 1023:Bombs: 595:  572:Jordan 569:  546:  523:  465:Jordan 354:tandem 322:German 74:Status 1912:Ñamcú 1890:ENAER 1881:XX-02 1876:XX-01 1803:C-401 1798:C-295 1784:C-223 1779:C-212 1774:C-207 1769:C-202 1764:C-201 1759:C.127 1754:C-112 1749:C-102 1744:C-101 1724:2.111 1719:1.133 1714:1.131 967:Guns: 940:0.322 633:Crew: 598:Spain 526:Chile 496:flare 492:chaff 484:HOTAS 439:ENAER 435:Chile 2243:E.31 2238:E.30 2233:E.29 2228:E.28 2223:E.27 2218:E.26 2213:E.25 2208:E.24 2203:E.23 2198:E.22 2193:E.21 2188:E.20 2183:E.19 2168:E.17 2163:E.16 2158:E.15 2153:E.14 2148:E.13 2143:E.12 2139:E.11 2136:E.10 2069:ES.8 2064:ES.7 2059:ES.6 2054:ES.5 2049:ES.4 2044:ES.3 2039:ES.2 2034:ES.1 2023:(ES) 2011:EE.7 2006:EE.6 2001:EE.5 1996:EE.4 1991:EE.3 1986:EE.2 1965:(EE) 1859:and 1734:3000 1692:CASA 1624:ISBN 1605:ISBN 1586:ISBN 1564:ISBN 1548:ISBN 1537:ISBN 1519:ISBN 1495:2019 1454:ISBN 1281:2020 1256:2020 1231:2020 1206:2020 894:5.5 876:7.5 683:1 × 494:and 147:and 135:The 68:CASA 53:and 46:Type 2132:E.9 2127:E.8 2122:E.7 2117:E.6 2112:E.5 2107:E.4 2102:E.3 2097:E.2 2092:E.1 2081:(E) 1869:MCA 1729:352 1709:III 984:or 668:5.6 170:'s 108:166 2274:: 1739:AX 1562:. 1486:. 1361:^ 1317:^ 1289:^ 1272:. 1247:. 1222:. 1197:. 1164:^ 490:, 482:, 471:. 445:. 206:, 1946:e 1939:t 1932:v 1849:e 1842:t 1835:v 1791:/ 1684:e 1677:t 1670:v 1632:. 1613:. 1594:. 1572:. 1554:. 1543:. 1527:. 1497:. 1462:. 1283:. 1258:. 1233:. 1208:. 938:: 896:- 892:+ 878:- 874:+ 784:: 675:: 666:: 635:2

Index


jet trainer
light attack
Manufacturer
CASA
Spanish Air and Space Force
Chilean Air Force
Honduran Air Force
Royal Jordanian Air Force
jet-powered
trainer
light attack
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
Spanish Air Force
Hispano Saeta
Germany
Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm
Northrop
maiden flight
BAE Hawk
Alpha Jet
aerodynamically
swept wing
Chilean Air Force
Honduran Air Force
Royal Jordanian Air Force
aerobatics
Patrulla Aguila
aerobatics
Spanish Air Force

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