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Baumeister, H.; Alter, M.; Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C. N.; Fernandez, M.; Fried, J.; Helmling, J.; Huber, A.; Ibáñez
Mengual, J. M.; Rodríguez Gómez, J. F.; Laun, W.; Lenzen, R.; Mall, U.; Naranjo, V.; Ramos, J. R.; Rohloff, R. R.; García Segura, A.; Storz, C.; Ubierna, M.; Wagner, K. (2008). "PANIC: the
682:
The CARMENES survey (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M-dwarfs with
Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs) is a project to examine approximately 300 M-dwarf stars for signs of exoplanets with the CARMENES instrument on Calar Alto's 3.5m telescope. Operating since 2016,
1189:
Wolf, C.; Meisenheimer, K.; Röser, H. -J.; Beckwith, S. V. W.; Chaffee, F. H.; Fried, J.; Hippelein, H.; Huang, J. -S.; Kümmel, M.; Von
Kuhlmann, B.; Maier, C.; Phleps, S.; Rix, H. -W.; Thommes, E.; Thompson, D. (2001). "Multi-color classification in the calar alto deep imaging survey".
575:
The site was proposed in 1970, and was officially opened in July 1975 with the commissioning of its 1.23-meter (48 in) telescope. The site developed thanks to German and
Spanish cooperation in astronomy. Eventually, four more telescopes were commissioned. The
620:
There are 4 main telescopes on site: a 3.5-meter (138-inch), 2.2 m (87 in), and a 1.23 m (48 in) telescope, and an 80 cm (31 in) Schmidt reflector. The 3.5-meter is the largest telescope on
European soil with an
1033:
Bizenberger, Peter; McCaughrean, Mark J.; Birk, Christoph; Thompson, Dave; Storz, Clemens (1998). "Omega Prime: The wide-field near-infrared camera for the 3.5-m telescope of the Calar Alto
Observatory". In Fowler, Albert M (ed.).
1258:
Baumeister, Harald; Bizenberger, Peter; Bayler-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Kovacz, Zoltan; Röser, Hermann-Josef (2003). Iye, Masanori; Moorwood, Alan F. M (eds.). "Cryogenic engineering for OMEGA2000: design and performance".
1067:
Lenzen, Rainer; Bizenberger, Peter; Salm, Norbert; Storz, Clemens (1998). "Omega Cass: a new multimode NIR-imager/spectrometer for the Calar Alto
Observatory". In Bely, Pierre Y; Breckinridge, James B (eds.).
1480:
Quirrenbach; Amado; Mandel; Caballero; Ribas; Reiners; Mundt; Abril; Afonso (2009). "CARMENES: Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with a Near-infrared
Echelle Spectrograph".
1546:
1152:
Hippler, Stefan; Kapser, Markus E.; Feldt, Markus; Weiss, Robert (2000). Wizinowich, Peter L. (ed.). "ALFA: three years of experience in adaptive optics with a laser guide star".
1882:
709:
1425:
Sanchez, S. F.; Thiele, U.; Aceituno, J.; Cristobal, D.; Perea, J.; Alves, J. (2008). "The night sky at the Calar Alto
Observatory II: The sky at the near-infrared".
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The CALIFA survey (Calar Alto Legacy
Integral Field Area survey) is an astronomical project to map 600 galaxies with imaging spectroscopy (
547:
The 3.5-meter telescope is the largest telescope in mainland Europe, though there are three larger telescopes on the Spanish island of
67:
928:
Lemke, D.; Frey, A.; Hefele, H.; Schulte in den Bauemen, J. (1978). "Observational conditions for infrared photometry on Calar Alto".
659:
552:
498:
388:
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522:
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Husemann, B.; jahnke, K.; Sanchez, S. F.; Berrado-Navscues, D. (2012). "CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey".
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Sanchez, S. F.; Aceituno, J.; Thiele, U.; Perez-Ramirez, D.; Alves, J. (2007). "The night sky at the Calar Alto Observatory".
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112:
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Ziad, A.; Gredel, R.; Aceituno, J.; Borgnino, J.; Hoyo, F.; Irbah, A.; Martin, F.; Thiele, U.; Pedraz, S. (2005).
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Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Bizenberger, Peter; Storz, Clemens (2000). Iye, Masanori; Moorwood, Alan F. M (eds.).
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Omega Prime: the wide-field near-infrared camerea for the 3.5-m telescope of the Calar Alto observatory
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Graser, U.; Hopp, U. (1991). "Pointing models for the Calar Alto 2.2 M and 3.5 M telescopes".
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Birkle, K.; Hopp, U. (1987). "The Calar Alto 3.5 m Telescope. Operation and Test Results".
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at Bergedorf, where it had been completed in 1954. The observatory hosted the finish of
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625:. There is also a 1.52 m (60 in) telescope that is owned and operated by the
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17:
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Calar Alto telescopes are used for a broad range of observations, from objects in the
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1298:"A site-testing campaign at the Calar Alto Observatory with GSM and DIMM instruments"
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new panoramic NIR camera for Calar Alto". In McLean, Ian S; Casali, Mark M (eds.).
754:, directly credits "Calar Alto" with the discovery of the following minor planets:
715:
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56:
1729:
1693:
1657:"CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. I. Survey presentation"
1519:
1263:. Instrument Design and Performance for Optical/Infrared Ground-based Telescopes.
1012:
Hopp, U.; Graser, U. (1990). "Optical quality of the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope".
1221:
949:
Elsässer, H. (1981). "Calar Alto - bisherige Erfahrungen, künftige Entwicklung".
727:
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1103:"Achieving a wide field near infrared camera for the Calar Alto 3.5m telescope"
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Elsässer, H. (1975). "Kurze Berichte über die wissenschaftlichen Vorträge".
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1038:. Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation. Vol. 3354. p. 825.
509:. It was named the "German–Spanish Astronomical Centre" (in Spanish,
497:
Until 2018, Calar Alto was owned and operated jointly by the German
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1072:. Space Telescopes and Instruments V. Vol. 3356. p. 493.
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takes over the German partner, sharing the observatory with the
612:). Calar Alto was climbed on Stage 9 of the Vuelta (AUG 2021).
45:
Enclosure of the 2.2-meter telescope at Calar Alto Observatory
970:
Fried, J. (1987). "Das 3.5-m Teleskop auf dem Calar Alto".
1392:
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy II
1109:. Optical and IR Telescope Instrumentation and Detectors.
541:
1547:
List of largest optical telescopes in the 20th century
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1742:
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in 2003, was named in honor of the observatory site.
486:, a 2,168-meter-high (7,113 ft) mountain in the
467:
or "Spanish Astronomical Centre in Andalusia") is an
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163:
993:
Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft Hamburg
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Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft Hamburg
951:
Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft Hamburg
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Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft Hamburg
909:
Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft Hamburg
540:surveys), including the search for exoplanets (the
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718:have been discovered at Calar Alto by astronomers
710:Category:Discoveries by the Calar Alto Observatory
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1305:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
68:Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC)
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683:it aims to find Earth-sized exoplanets around 2
596:), having previously hosted stage finishes in
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1542:List of largest optical reflecting telescopes
8:
1655:S. F. Sánchez; et al. (February 2012).
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700:(also called the radial velocity method).
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54:Spanish Astronomical Centre in Andalusia
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629:and a robotic telescope operated by the
511:Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán (CAHA)
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1552:Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
1156:. Adaptive Optical Systems Technology.
663:Calar Alto completely snowed after the
465:Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía
451:§ List of discovered minor planets
1888:Minor-planet discovering observatories
1600:"Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)"
525:through its head institute, IAA-CSIC.
503:Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia
1878:Buildings and structures in Andalusia
1070:Infrared Astronomical Instrumentation
7:
1769:Calar Alto: Darkness In The Infrared
1873:Astronomical observatories in Spain
592:cycling race (the stage was won by
1394:. Vol. 7014. p. 70142R.
553:Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
499:Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
404:Location of Calar Alto Observatory
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1747:Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán
1743:"Calar Alto Observatory homepage"
654:integral field spectroscopy (IFS)
523:Spanish National Research Council
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1562:List of minor planet discoverers
1326:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09299.x
704:List of discovered minor planets
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1631:"189202 Calar Alto (2003 SM15)"
1567:Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
600:(won by eventual race champion
501:in Heidelberg, and the Spanish
1:
27:Observatory in Almería, Spain
1771:ScienceDaily (Jan. 30, 2009)
1664:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1498:Astronomy & Astrophysics
627:Spanish National Observatory
154:2,168 m (7,113 ft)
1694:10.1051/0004-6361/201117353
1520:10.1051/0004-6361/201220582
631:Spanish Astrobiology Center
1904:
1239:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1222:10.1051/0004-6361:20000064
1192:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1014:Astronomy and Astrophysics
760:important; height: 205px;
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421:Related media on Commons
285:37.2249718°N 2.5484985°W
246:37.2231427°N 2.5461943°W
1716:"CARMENES • Instrument"
1686:2012A&A...538A...8S
1251:1991A&A...251..737G
1214:2001A&A...365..681W
1026:1990A&A...235..543H
565:Starkenburg Observatory
363:37.223927°N 2.5483678°W
343:0.8 m Schmidt reflector
324:37.223074°N 2.5476775°W
207:37.220791°N 2.5468465°W
18:CARMENES (spectrograph)
1427:Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac
1336:Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac
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488:Sierra de Los Filabres
461:Calar Alto Observatory
290:37.2249718; -2.5484985
251:37.2231427; -2.5461943
51:Alternative names
34:Calar Alto Observatory
826:124143 Joséluiscorral
662:
443:discovered: 7
368:37.223927; -2.5483678
329:37.223074; -2.5476775
212:37.220791; -2.5468465
79:Observatory code
1730:"CARMENES • Science"
1577:Very Large Telescope
1557:La Silla Observatory
698:Doppler spectroscopy
590:2017 Vuelta a España
519:Council of Andalusia
135:37.22361°N 2.54611°W
72:Council of Andalusia
1635:Minor Planet Center
1604:Minor Planet Center
1572:Paranal Observatory
1449:2008PASP..120.1244S
1358:2007PASP..119.1186S
1317:2005MNRAS.362..455Z
1273:2003SPIE.4841..343B
1166:2000SPIE.4007...41H
1129:2000SPIE.4008.1305B
1078:1998SPIE.3354..493L
1044:1998SPIE.3354..825B
1005:1987MitAG..68...12B
984:1987MitAG..68...27F
963:1981MitAG..54...15E
942:1978MitAG..43...98L
921:1975MitAG..36...53E
843:213269 Angelbarbero
752:Minor Planet Center
750:. In addition, the
736:Krisztián Sárneczky
714:Close to a hundred
582:Hamburg Observatory
555:. The minor planet
444:
359: /
320: /
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748:Hermann Boehnhardt
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594:Miguel Ángel López
532:to cosmology (the
439:
140:37.22361; -2.54611
1606:. 12 January 2017
1410:10.1117/12.788796
1281:10.1117/12.461003
1174:10.1117/12.390397
1137:10.1117/12.395447
1086:10.1117/12.317275
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642:CALIFA survey
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1857:Solar System
1768:
1752:December 12,
1750:. Retrieved
1746:
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1667:
1663:
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1638:. Retrieved
1634:
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830:21 June 2001
813:21 June 2001
773:21 June 2001
713:
694:Earth masses
681:
651:
619:
574:
546:
530:Solar System
527:
514:
510:
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469:astronomical
464:
460:
458:
448:
64:Organization
1845:Outer space
1833:Spaceflight
740:Gyula Szabó
732:Johann Baur
728:Ulrich Hopp
724:Kurt Birkle
474:located in
472:observatory
366: /
327: /
288: /
249: /
210: /
138: /
113:Coordinates
30:Observatory
1867:Categories
1640:19 January
1610:19 January
1583:References
1311:(2): 455.
1261:Proc. SPIE
1198:(3): 681.
1154:Proc. SPIE
1107:Proc. SPIE
936:: 98–103.
708:See also:
610:Igor Antón
484:Calar Alto
351:37°13′26″N
312:37°13′23″N
273:37°13′30″N
234:37°13′23″N
195:37°13′15″N
175:Telescopes
123:37°13′25″N
1809:Astronomy
1702:119306945
1677:1111.0962
1511:1210.8150
1488:0912.0561
1440:0809.4988
1418:119286504
1401:0807.4064
1349:0709.0813
1289:119359237
1094:122853596
616:Equipment
544:survey).
354:2°32′54″W
315:2°32′52″W
276:2°32′55″W
237:2°32′46″W
198:2°32′49″W
126:2°32′46″W
1536:See also
1528:46141773
1473:14756942
1382:14756942
1230:16378273
1182:55009526
1145:14213535
1113:: 1305.
1060:67836271
696:) using
608:(won by
586:Stage 11
549:La Palma
542:CARMENES
534:Alhambra
151:Altitude
98:Location
1783:Portals
1682:Bibcode
1504:: A87.
1445:Bibcode
1354:Bibcode
1313:Bibcode
1269:Bibcode
1267:: 343.
1247:Bibcode
1210:Bibcode
1162:Bibcode
1125:Bibcode
1074:Bibcode
1040:Bibcode
1022:Bibcode
1001:Bibcode
980:Bibcode
959:Bibcode
938:Bibcode
917:Bibcode
633:(CAB).
588:of the
571:History
551:at the
507:Granada
340:Unnamed
301:Unnamed
262:Unnamed
223:Unnamed
184:Unnamed
159:Website
102:Almería
1700:
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1463:
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1380:
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1160:: 41.
1143:
1092:
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999:: 12.
978:: 27.
957:: 15.
915:: 53.
604:) and
538:CALIFA
414:
86:
1821:Stars
1797:Spain
1698:S2CID
1672:arXiv
1660:(PDF)
1524:S2CID
1506:arXiv
1483:arXiv
1469:S2CID
1461:JSTOR
1435:arXiv
1414:S2CID
1396:arXiv
1378:S2CID
1370:JSTOR
1344:arXiv
1301:(PDF)
1285:S2CID
1226:S2CID
1200:arXiv
1178:S2CID
1141:S2CID
1115:arXiv
1090:S2CID
1056:S2CID
480:Spain
428:[
166:.caha
106:Spain
1754:2005
1642:2017
1612:2017
1265:4841
1158:4007
1111:4008
892:list
872:list
852:list
835:list
818:list
798:list
778:list
746:and
637:Work
606:2006
598:2004
536:and
459:The
449:see
1690:doi
1668:538
1516:doi
1502:549
1453:doi
1431:120
1406:doi
1362:doi
1340:119
1321:doi
1309:362
1277:doi
1243:251
1218:doi
1196:365
1170:doi
1133:doi
1082:doi
1048:doi
1018:235
656:).
563:at
482:on
478:in
168:.es
164:www
84:493
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