Columbia Records - Knowledge (XXG)

864:, but soon cashed out of the partnership leaving only the name; Paley acquired the fledgling radio network in 1928.) On January 3, 1939, Wallerstein left RCA Victor to become president of the CBS phonograph subsidiary, a position he would hold for twelve years. CBS kept the ARC name for three months. then on April 4, it amended the New York Department of State record of "Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc.," naming several of its own employees to directorships, and announced in a press release, "The American Record Co. tag is discarded". Columbia Records was actually reborn on May 22, 1939, as "Columbia Recording Corporation, Inc.", a Delaware corporation. The NYDOS shows a later incorporation date of April 4, 1947. This corporation changed its name to Columbia Records, Inc. on October 11, 1954, and reverted to Columbia Recording Corporation on January 2, 1962. The Columbia trademark remained under Columbia Records, Inc. of Delaware, filed back in 1929. Brothers Ike and Leon Levy owned stakes in CBS. 1860:, but the singles barely made a dent in the charts, the best performer being "Omaha", which lasted a mere three weeks on the Hot 100 reaching only No. 88. The other charter, "Hey Grandma", only reached the Bubbling Under chart and faded within a week. Also, there were some complaints about the obscene gesture made to the American flag on the front cover that had to be edited out on the second pressing, not to mention that the group started to decline in sales after that. The return on all the promotional budget for the singles realized nothing. Although the group made two more albums, this particular publicity stunt was never again attempted by Columbia or any other major label. 2233:

personality, becoming (in Asher's words) "wild, menacing, crude, and above all, very loud". In Dannen's view, Yetnikoff was probably over-compensating for his naturally sensitive and generous personality, and that he had little hope of being recognised as a "record man" (someone with a musical ear and an intuitive understanding of current trends and artists' intentions) because he was tone-deaf, so he instead determined to become a "colourful character". Yetnikoff soon became notorious for his violent temper and regular tantrums: "He shattered glassware, spewed a mixture of Yiddish and barnyard epithets, and had people physically ejected from the CBS building."

2927:. This complex, nicknamed "The Church" due to it having been built within an 1875 building that was originally constructed as a Christian church, was considered by some in the music industry to be the best-sounding room of its time, and many consider it to have been the greatest recording studio in history. CBS never took up the option to buy the building outright, giving up its lease and closing the studio in 1981. In spite of the building's inherent heritage status and its cultural significance, it was sold to developers in 1985, demolished, and replaced by a high-rise apartment complex. 2042:. This presented a catalog numbering system challenge as Columbia had used a four-digit catalog number for 13 years, and CS-10000 seemed cumbersome. Columbia decided to start issuing albums at CS-1000 instead, preserving the four-digit catalog number. However, this resulted in the reuse of numbers previously used in 1957–58, although the prefix was now different. In July 1970, the cataloging department implemented a new system, combining all their labels into a unified catalog numbering system starting with 30000, with the prefix letter indicating the label: C for Columbia, E for 1255:, and that division's iconic Eye logo. Columbia continued to use the "notes and mike" logo on record labels and even used a promo label showing both logos until the "notes and mike" was phased out (along with the 78 in the US) in 1958. In Canada, Columbia 78s were pressed with the "Walking Eye" logo in 1958. The original Walking Eye was tall and solid; it was modified in 1961 to the familiar one still used today (pictured on this page), despite the fact that the Walking Eye was used only sporadically during most of the 1990s. 3521: 526: 680:, the manufacturers of Majestic radios and refrigerators. When Grigsby-Grunow declared bankruptcy in November 1933, Columbia was placed in receivership, and in June 1934, the company was sold to Sacro Enterprises Inc. ("Sacro") for $ 70,000. Sacro was incorporated a few days before the sale in New York. Public documents do not contain any names. Many suspect that it was a shell corporation set up by Consolidated Films Industries, Inc. ("CFI") to hold the Columbia stock, while its subsidiary, 63: 2365:

Records' expenses, Asher was dismayed to discover that hiring these independent promoters was now costing CBS alone as much as $ 10 million per year. When Asher took over CBS' UK division in 1972, a freelance promoter might only charge $ 100 per week, but by 1979 the top American independent promoters had organized themselves into a loose collective known as "The Network", and their fees were now running into the tens millions of dollars per year, Music historian

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the top and the mono information printed on the bottom. For stereo issues, they moved the front slick down so the stereo information was showing at the top, and the mono information was bent around the bottom to the back and "pasted over" by the back slick. Conversely, for a mono album, they moved the slick up so the mono information showed at the bottom, and the stereo information was pasted over. Soon, other record companies had adopted the paste-over method.

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labels first, resulting in a mixture of labels for some given releases. Some are known with the CBS text on mono albums, and not on stereo of the same album, and vice versa; diggings brought up pressings with the CBS text on one side and not on the other. Many, but certainly not all, of the early numbers with the "ledge" variation (i.e., no deep groove), had the small "CBS". This text would be used on the Columbia labels until June 1962.

724:. It tried a marketing ploy, the Columbia "Royal Blue Record", a brilliant blue laminated product with matching label. Royal Blue issues, made from late 1932 through 1935, are particularly popular with collectors for their rarity and musical interest. The Columbia plant in Oakland, California, did Columbia's pressings for sale west of the Rockies and continued using the Royal Blue material for these until about mid-1936. 875:, was not expected to transition over as easily. "It is understood that CBS and the Levys are not interested in retaining American Record's hillbilly department, and that Art Satherly, who has been running this section for many years, will take it out of the company with him". Fortunately, to the delight of many, this did not happen, and Art went on to many more successful years supervising all aspects of Columbia's 839:("CBS"), Edward Wallerstein, a high executive with RCA Victor from 1932 thru 1938, was asked to comment on ARC. "The chief value was that the record industry had come back tremendously, especially in the case of two other record companies; and the American Record Company, with all its facilities, had not, so far as I could learn, increased its business in any degree at all in the previous six years." 2277: 751:

factory workers and Columbia management. In a career with Columbia that lasted 30 years, Greenspon retired after achieving the position of executive vice president of the company. Columbia also hired talent scout, music writer, producer, and impresario John Hammond in 1937. Alongside his significance as a discoverer, promoter, and producer of jazz, blues, and folk artists during the

1124: 1640:, whom he signed to the label, initially as a harmonica player. Dylan's self-titled debut album was released in March 1962 and sold only moderately. Some executives in Columbia dubbed Dylan "Hammond's folly" and suggest that Dylan be dropped from the label. But John Hammond and Johnny Cash defended Dylan, who over the next four years became one of Columbia's highest earning acts. 509:, as "Columbia Indestructible Records". In July 1912, Columbia decided to concentrate exclusively on disc records and ended production of cylinder phonographs, although Indestructible cylinders continued to be sold under the Columbia label for a few more years. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players. Columbia Phonograph relocated to 1558:

Newer machines used parts with a slightly different geometry, that only left a small "ledge" where the deep groove used to be. This changeover did not happen all at once, as different plants replaced machines at different times, leaving the possibility that both deep groove and ledge varieties could be original pressings. The changeover took place starting in late 1961.

370: 1116: 420:'s breakup. Thereafter, it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the "XP" record, a molded brown wax record, to use up old stock. Columbia introduced black wax records in 1903. According to one source, they continued to mold brown waxes until 1904 with the highest number being 32601, "Heinie", which is a duet by 6068: 2983:, the company replaced Bradley Studio A with a building containing a newer, larger studio A, mixing and mastering studios, and administrative offices. Columbia operated these studios from 1962 through 1982, when they were converted into office space. Philanthropist Mike Curb bought the structure in 2006 and restored it; it is now a recording classroom for 1412:, which sold over 5 million copies worldwide in 1957, becoming the most successful LP ever released up to that time. Lieberson also convinced long-serving CBS President William S. Paley to become the sole backer of the original Broadway production, a $ 500,000 investment which subsequently earned the company some $ 32 million in profits. 358: 486:. After an abortive attempt in 1904 to manufacture discs with the recording grooves stamped into both sides of each disc—not just one—in 1908 Columbia commenced successful mass production of what they called their "Double-Faced" discs, the 10-inch variety initially selling for 65 cents each. Columbia also introduced the internal-horn " 2072:. Chronologically, Columbia issued at least one album in this series in August, but by that time, the CBS Consolidated 30000 series, which started issuing albums in July with the new label design, was well underway, having issued nearly 100 albums. The system was later expanded with even more prefix letters (including R and V for 2361:

British division of CBS from loss to profit. Backe considered him to be honest and trustworthy, and he appealed to Asher's loyalty to the company. Employees at CBS thought Asher was a bore and an interloper. He cut back on expenses and on perks like limousines and restaurants. His relationship with Yetnikoff deteriorated.

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When Mitch Miller retired in 1965, Columbia was at a turning point. Miller's disdain for rock and roll and pop rock had dominated Columbia's A&R policy. Sales of Broadway soundtracks and Mitch Miller's singalong series were waning. Pretax earnings had flattened to about $ 5 million annually.

1601:, one of the leading Australian independent recording and distribution companies of the day. The CBS Coronet label was replaced by the CBS label with the 'walking eye' logo in 1963. ARC continued trading under that name until the late 1970s when it formally changed its business name to CBS Australia. 1144:

away from the Mercury label in 1950. Despite its many successes, Columbia remained largely uninvolved in the teenage rock'n'roll market until the mid-1960s, despite a handful of crossover hits, largely because of Miller's frequently expressed loathing of rock'n'roll. (Miller was a classically trained

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to market Columbia recordings outside North America. EMI continued to distribute Okeh and later Epic label recordings until 1968. EMI also continued to distribute Columbia recordings in Australia and New Zealand. American Columbia was not happy with EMI's reluctance to introduce long playing records.

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Columbia discovered that printing two front cover slicks, one for mono and one for stereo, was inefficient and therefore needlessly costly. Starting in the summer of 1959 with some of the albums released in August, they went to the "paste-over" front slick, which had the stereo information printed on

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rpm vinyl disk, the first LP is the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto in E minor played by Nathan Milstein with Bruno Walter conducting the New York Philharmonic (then called the Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra of New York), Columbia ML 4001, found in the Columbia Record Catalog for 1949, published in July

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for "discrete" four-channel playback unlike the Columbia "matrix" system. Although the Columbia process was simpler and quite effective, many consumers were confused by competing systems and sales of both were disappointing. Columbia released its last quadraphonic recordings in 1978. Starting in the

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On August 30, 1939, Columbia replaced its $ .75 Brunswick record for a $ .50 Columbia label. Brunswick was gradually phased out, the final issue being Brunswick 8520, in April 1940. Wallerstein and Paley knew in advance that their course of action would lead to violation of the 1931 Brunswick lease

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As far as the catalog numbering system went, there was no correlation between mono and stereo versions for the first few years. Columbia started a new CS 8000 series for pop stereo releases, and figuring the stereo releases as some sort of specialty niche records, didn't bother to link the mono and

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Many album covers put together by Columbia and the other major labels were put together using one piece of cardboard (folded in half) and two paper "slicks", one for the front and one for the back. The front slick bent around the top, bottom, and left sides (the right side is open for the record to

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labels to ARC. WB would receive a portion of the sales of its catalogues, while ARC was free to use the labels for new recordings. Brunswick immediately became the premium $ .75 label, Melotone would release new hillbilly and other $ .35 dime-store discounted discs, and Vocalion, while re-releasing

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Louis Sterling, managing director of the Columbia Graphophone Company, had been the moving force behind bringing Western Electric's recording process, and the British takeover. Originally from New York, Sterling became Chairman of Columbia NY from 1925 until 1931, and oversaw stability and success.

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from Vice President of Business Affairs to Deputy President. Charged with cutting costs and restoring profits, Asher was reportedly reluctant to take on the role. He was worried that Yetnikoff would resent his promotion. But Backe had confidence in Asher's experience. In 1972, Asher had turned the

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By the latter half of 1961, Columbia started using pressing plants with newer equipment. The "deep groove" pressings were made on older pressing machines, where the groove was an artifact of the metal stamper being affixed to a round center "block" to assure the resulting record would be centered.

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and Bob Wills, and re-issuing past Vocalion discs, using the same catalogue numbers with a leading zero added. When a January 1941 audit found that not more than 150,000 Brunswick records had sold during the period from December 1, 1939, through December 31, 1940, control of the loaned trademarks

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Asher became increasingly concerned about the huge and rapidly growing cost of hiring independent agents, who were paid to promote new singles to radio station program directors. "Indies" had been used by record labels for many years to promote new releases, but as he methodically delved into CBS

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was recorded in 1949. Both conventional metal masters and tape were used in the sessions in New York City. For some reason, the taped version was not used until Sony released it as part of a set of CDs devoted to Columbia's Broadway albums. Over the years, Columbia joined Decca and RCA Victor in

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relates: "He was no inventor—he was simply a man who seized an idea whose time was ripe and begged, ordered, and cajoled a thousand men into bringing into being the now accepted medium of the record business." Despite Wallerstein's stormy tenure, in June 1948, Columbia introduced the Long Playing

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In 1935, Herbert M. Greenspon, an 18-year-old shipping clerk, led a committee to organize the first trade union shop at the main manufacturing factory in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Elected as president of the Congress of Industrial Unions (CIO) local, Greenspon negotiated the first contract between

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in Washington DC now holds the Columbia Records Paperwork Archive which shows the Label order for ML 4001 being written on March 1, 1948. One can infer that Columbia was pressing the first LPs for distribution to their dealers for at least 3 months prior to the introduction of the LP on June 21,

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In January 2006, Sony BMG UK split its front-line operations into two separate labels: RCA Label Group, mainly dealing with Pop and R&B and Columbia Label Group, mainly dealing with Rock, Dance and Alternative music (although this remit has widened in recent years). Domestic artists include

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While this happened, starting in late 1961, both the mono and the stereo labels of domestic Columbia releases started carrying a small "CBS" at the top of the label. This was not something that changed at a certain date, but rather, pressing plants were told to use up the stock of old (pre-CBS)

1477:-inch tape, using an Ampex 300-3 machine). Bernstein combined the Nativity and Resurrection sections, and ended the performance with the death of Christ. As with RCA Victor, most of the early stereo recordings were of classical artists, including the New York Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by 1397:

as the top recording company in the world, boasting a star-studded roster of artists and an unmatched catalogue of popular, jazz, classical and stage and screen soundtrack titles. Lieberson, who had joined Columbia as an A&R manager in 1938, was known for both his personal elegance and his

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to begin releasing LPs in 1949. Even before the LP record was officially demonstrated, Columbia offered to share the new speed with rival RCA Victor, who initially rejected it and soon introduced their new competitive 45 RPM record. When it became clear that the LP was the preferred format for

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and other jazz performers during a time when the economy was bad enough that many of them would not have had the opportunity to enter a studio and play real jazz (a handful of these in this special series were issued in the US). Hammond's work for Columbia was interrupted by his service during

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album issued as CL-1510. From that point, the stereo numbers on pop albums were exactly 6800 higher than the mono; stereo classical albums were the mono number plus 600; and showtunes releases were the mono number MINUS 3600. Only the last two digits in the respective catalog series' matched.

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Columbia released its first pop stereo albums in the summer of 1958. All of the first dozen or so were stereo versions of albums already available in mono. It was not until September 1958, that Columbia began simultaneous mono/stereo releases. Mono versions of otherwise stereo recordings were

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In 1951, Columbia US began issuing records in the 45 rpm format RCA Victor had introduced two years earlier. The same year, Ted Wallerstein retired as Columbia Records chairman; and Columbia US also severed its decades-long distribution arrangement with EMI and signed a distribution deal with

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2008 Page 49 "1947.. The following year Columbia made what it regarded as record history, introducing the first twelve-inch LP, Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto in E minor, with violinist Nathan Milstein and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, Bruno Walter ... Within a year and a half of the

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on NBC. The show was based on Miller's 'folksy' but appealing 'chorus' style performance of popular standards. During its four-season run, the series promoted Miller's "Singalong" albums, which sold over 20 million units, and received a 34% audience share when it was cancelled in 1964.

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In 1975, Walter Yetnikoff was promoted to become President of Columbia Records, and his vacated position as President of CBS Records International was filled by Dick Asher. At this point, according to music historian Frederic Dannen, the shy and introverted Yetnikoff began to transform his

2456:, a firm which generally had not used them since the early 1970s. The CBS Records label was officially renamed Columbia Records on January 1, 1991, worldwide except Spain (where Sony got the rights in 2004 by forming a joint venture with BMG) and Japan. CBS Masterworks Records was renamed 2555:

Classic Bold typeface. Columbia experimented with bringing back the "Notes and Mic" logo but without the CBS mark on the microphone. That logo is currently used in the "Columbia Jazz" series of jazz releases and reissues. A modified "Magic Notes" logo is found on the logo for

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paying them to promote the new Pink Floyd single. The results were immediate and deeply troubling – not one of the major radio stations in Los Angeles would program the record, despite the fact that the group was in town, performing the first seven concerts on their elaborate

2054:, and Z for every other label that CBS distributed (collectively referred to as CBS Associated). The prefix letter G was also used for two album sets—or the number of records in the set after the label letter, such as KC2. The first CBS album released under the new system was 1543:

magazine (page 5), Columbia announced it would issue "rechanneled" versions of greatest hits compilations that had been recorded in mono, including albums by Doris Day, Frankie Laine, Percy Faith, Mitch Miller, Marty Robbins, Dave Brubeck, Miles Davis, and Johnny Mathis.

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By the early 1940s, Columbia had been experimenting with higher fidelity recordings, as well as longer masters, which paved the way for the successful release of the LPs in 1948. One such record that helped set a new standard for music listeners was the 10" LP reissue of

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racket, and that the operation could well be linked to organized crime – a concern vehemently dismissed by Yetnikoff, who resolutely defended the "indies" and declared them to be "mensches". But Dick Asher now knew that The Network's real power lay in their ability to

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By 1937–38, the record business in America was finally recovering from the near-death blow of the Great Depression, at least for RCA Victor and Decca, but privately, there were doubts about the survival of ARC. In a 1941 court case brought by unhappy shareholders of

2349:(from 1971 to 1976). But the music industry was in financial decline. Total sales fell by 11%, the biggest drop since World War II. In 1979, CBS had a pre-tax income of $ 51 million and sales of over $ 1 billion. The label laid off hundreds of employees. 975:

Columbia's president Edward Wallerstein was instrumental in steering Paley towards the ARC purchase. He set his talents to his goal of hearing an entire movement of a symphony on one side of an album. Ward Botsford writing for the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Issue of

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era, but when he returned to work as a talent scout for Columbia in the 1950s, his career proved to be of incalculable historical and cultural importance – the list of superstar artists he would discover and sign to Columbia over the course of his career included

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The acquisition of rights to the Columbia trademarks by EMI (including the "Magic Notes" logo) presented the company with a dilemma of which logo to use. For much of the 1990s, Columbia released its albums without a logo, just the "COLUMBIA" word mark in the

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series until it was later changed to a green label before switching to a gray label in the late 1950s, and then to the bronze that is familiar to owners of Columbia/CBS classical and Broadway albums. Columbia Phonograph Company of Canada did not survive the

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to rave reviews and sold-out crowds. Asher was already worried about the growing power of The Network, and the fact it operated entirely outside the control of the label, but he was profoundly dismayed to realize that "The Network" was in effect a huge

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dedication to quality, overseeing the release of many hugely successful albums and singles, as well as championing prestige releases that sold relatively poorly, and even some titles that had limited appeal, such as complete editions of the works of

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of the Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. for US$ 700,000,. ten times the price ARC paid in 1934, which would later spark lawsuits by disgruntled shareholders. (Columbia Records had originally co-founded CBS in 1927 along with New York talent agent

2560:. In mid to late 1999, it was eventually decided that the "Walking Eye" (previously the CBS Records logo outside North America) would be Columbia's logo, with the retained Columbia word mark design, throughout the world except in Japan where 891:

The Columbia trademark from this point until the late 1950s was two overlapping circles with the Magic Notes in the left circle and a CBS microphone in the right circle. The Royal Blue labels were dropped in favor of a deep red, which caused

871:("Studio A"). Corporate offices, studio and Pressing Plant would also continue at 1473 Barnum Avenue, Bridgeport, CT. John Hammond was hired by Wallerstein as "Associate Director Popular Recording" (at 7th Ave). Another executive from ARC, 2484:

Will Botwin was recruited in 1996 to serve as a Senior Vice President. In 1998, he was appointed Executive Vice President/General Manager and worked closely with many of the label's established artists, as well as newer performers such as

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had relocated to the UK, where he only found out about the single being a hit via the music press. The dramatic success of the song prompted Simon to return to the US; the duo reformed, and they soon became one of the flagship acts of the

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recorded for Columbia and helped to substantially boost the company's revenue. Sinatra recorded over 200 songs for Columbia which include his most popular songs from his early years. Other popular artists on Columbia at this time included

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was promoted to President of the entire CBS recording division, which included Columbia and Epic, as well as the company's various international divisions and licensees. Under his leadership the corporation's music division soon overtook

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2012 Page 107 "The first classical LP was the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto with Nathan Milstein, Bruno Walter, and the New York Philharmonic-Symphony, Columbia ML-4001. RCA capitulated in 1950, leaving 45s as the medium of choice for pop

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also recorded in Liederkranz Hall in the late 1920s). The producer Morty Palitz had been instrumental in convincing Columbia Records to begin to use the Liederkranz Hall studio for recording music, additionally convincing the conductor

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In 1976, Columbia Records of Canada was renamed CBS Records Canada Ltd. The Columbia label continued to be used by CBS Canada, but the CBS label was introduced for French-language recordings. On May 5, 1979, Columbia Masterworks began

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be inserted into the cover) and glued the two halves of cardboard together at the top and bottom. The back slick is pasted over the edges of the pasted-on front slick to make it appear that the album cover is one continuous piece.

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for Columbia. Some sessions were made with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra, an ensemble drawn from leading New York musicians, which had first made recordings with Sir Thomas Beecham in 1949 in Columbia's New York City studios.

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Well, when you're in the studio, they bring out all these "sweeteners" and things they have, and while you're there, you say, yeah, that sounds good. But then you get the album home and you almost can't hear yourself under all

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Pop stereo LPs got into the high 9000s by 1970, when CBS Records revamped and unified its catalog numbering system across all its labels. Masterworks classical albums were in the 7000s, while showtunes stayed in the low 2000s.

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Columbia also recorded in the highly respected Liederkranz Hall, at 111 East 58th Street between Park and Lexington Avenues, in New York City, it was built by and formerly belonged to a German cultural and musical society,

2002:. The multitude of instruments added to his usual solo guitar were all done "tastefully", of course, but was not really on par with Rush's audience expectations. He commented to record label historian Mike Callahan: 497:

During this era, Columbia began to use the "Magic Notes" logo—a pair of sixteenth notes (semiquavers) in a circle—both in the United States and overseas (where this particular logo would never substantially change).

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department semi-autonomy for many years and through the 1950s, had a 20,000 series catalog for country music singles while the rest of Columbia's output of singles had a 30,000, then 40,000 series catalog number.

304:. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, and the second major company to produce records. From 1961 to 1991, its recordings were released outside North America under the name 1592:

With the formation of CBS Records International, CBS started establishing its own distribution in the early 1960s, beginning in Australia. In 1960 CBS took over its distributor in Australia and New Zealand, the

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has the rights to the Columbia trademark to this day and continues to use the "Magic Notes" logo. In Japan, CBS/Sony Records was renamed Sony Records in 1991 and stopped using the "Walking Eye" logo in 1998.

669:). Since the Gramophone Company (HMV) was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Victor, and Columbia in America was a subsidiary of UK Columbia, Victor now technically owned its largest rival in the US. To avoid 1518:

stereo numbers for two years. Masterworks classical LPs had an MS 6000 series, while showtunes albums on Masterworks were OS 2000. Finally, in 1960, the pop stereo series jumped from 8300 to 8310 to match

474:, but the technical standard of Columbia's Grand Opera series was not considered to be as high as the results achieved with opera singers during the pre–World War I period by Victor, Edison, England's 443:, and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their "Toy Graphophone" of 1899, which used small, vertically cut records. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the 1945:

to Columbia in 1969, and both were given what was known as "the pop treatment" by the label. Hoyt Axton had been a folk/blues singer-songwriter since the early 1960s, when he made several albums for

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Although Columbia began recording in stereo in 1956, stereo LPs did not begin to be manufactured until 1958. One of Columbia's first stereo releases was an abridged and re-structured performance of

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was described as "the poster child for 'overproduced,' full of all kinds of instruments and even strings". After that album, Axton left and joined Capitol Records, where his next albums contained "

4992: 4403: 4401: 4523: 2058:'s self-titled album on Fillmore Records, assigned with F 30001 (the earliest Fillmore albums had the 'F' prefix, rather than a 'Z'), while the first actual Columbia release under the system was 1818:. Joplin led the way for several generations of female rock and rollers. However, Columbia/CBS still had a hand in traditional pop and jazz and one of its key acquisitions during this period was 761:, Hammond had arranged for the struggling US Columbia label to provide recordings for the UK Columbia label, mostly using the specially created Columbia W-265000 matrix series. Hammond recorded 2516:

under which it operated as an imprint. In July 2011, as part of further corporate restructuring, Epic was split from the Columbia/Epic Group as Epic took in multiple artists from Jive Records.

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Columbia's engineering department developed a process for emulating stereo from a mono source. They called this process "Electronically Rechanneled for Stereo". In the June 16, 1962, issue of

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Arguably the most commercially successful Columbia pop act of this period, other than Bob Dylan, was Simon & Garfunkel. The duo scored a surprise No. 1 hit in 1965 when Columbia producer

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discontinued in 1968. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the introduction of the LP, in 1958 Columbia initiated the "Adventures in Sound" series that showcased music from around the world.

413:. As was the custom of some of the regional phonograph companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own, and its catalogue of musical records in 1891 was 10 pages. 1899:", but progress slowed during 1966–67 as Simon struggled with writer's block and the demands of constant touring. They shot back to the top in 1968 after Simon agreed to write songs for the 2394:

LP chart in early 1980, but few in the industry knew that Dick Asher was in fact using the single as a covert experiment to test the extent of the pernicious influence of The Network – by

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The structure of US Columbia remained the same until 1980, when it spun off the classical/Broadway unit, Columbia Masterworks Records, into a separate imprint, CBS Masterworks Records.

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In 1954, Columbia embraced small-group modern jazz by signing of the Dave Brubeck Quartet, which resulted in the release of the on-location, best-selling jazz album (up to this time),

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1948. The other "LP's" listed in the catalog were in the 10 inch format starting with ML 2001 for the light classics, CL 6001 for popular songs and JL 8001 for children's records. The

6128: 2840:, the most notable of which were in New York City, Nashville, Hollywood and San Francisco. Columbia's first recording studio was established in 1913, after the company moved into the 1822:. She released her first solo album on Columbia in 1963 and remains with the label to this day. Additionally, the label kept Miles Davis on the roster, and his late 1960s recordings, 823:, and in the early 1960s Hammond would also exert an enormous cultural effect on the emerging rock music scene thanks to his championing of reissue LPs of the music of blues artists 3535: 1099:

specializing in albums devoted to Broadway musicals with members of the original casts. In the 1950s, Columbia also began releasing LPs drawn from the soundtracks of popular films.

2099:, Columbia Records entered the West Coast rock market, opening a state-of-the art recording studio (which was located at 827 Folsom St. in San Francisco and later morphed into the 1011:

was arguably Columbia's hottest commodity and his artistic vision combined with the direction Columbia were taking the medium of music, both popular and classic, were well suited.

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became president of Columbia. Following the appointment of Davis, the Columbia label became more of a rock music label, thanks mainly to Davis's fortuitous decision to attend the

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In October 1958, Columbia, in time for the Christmas season, put out a series of "Greatest Hits" packages by such artists as Johnny Mathis, Doris Day, Guy Mitchell, Johnnie Ray,

543:, in 1925 and the label, record numbering system, and recording process changed. On February 25, 1925, Columbia began recording with the electric recording process licensed from 2034:

The Columbia album series began in 1951 with album GL-500 (CL-500) and reached an awkward milestone in 1970, when the stereo numbering sequence reached CS-9999, assigned to the

2752:. Dipesh Parmar is the President of Columba Label Group and Amy Wheatley is the Managing Director. Subsidiary labels include Ministry of Sound Records and Room Two Recordings. 2687:

and many more. In October 2012, there were 85 recording artists signed to Columbia Records, making it the largest of the three flagship labels owned by Sony Music (followed by

1437:

at the time. However, the compilations were so successful that they led to Columbia doing such packages on a widespread basis, usually when an artist's career was in decline.

960: 1073:

classical recordings, RCA Victor announced that the company would begin releasing its own LPs in January 1950. This was quickly followed by the other major American labels.

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product which ARC lost when EMI bought Capitol. As EMI owned the Columbia trademark at that time, the U.S. Columbia material was issued in Australia and New Zealand on the

6143: 1208:. 1954 saw Columbia end its distribution arrangement with Sparton Records and form Columbia Records of Canada. To enhance its country music stable, which already included 963:. Columbia's new 33 rpm format quickly spelled the death of the classical 78 rpm record and for the first time in nearly fifty years, gave Columbia a commanding lead over 1262:

under contract for several years, capturing the historic moment when Ellington's band provoked a post-midnight frenzy (followed by international headlines) at the 1956

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name for a new minor label closely linked with its television properties (coincidentally, the new CBS Records is currently distributed by another Sony Music division,

653:

led to the near collapse of the entire recording industry and, in March 1931, J.P Morgan, the major shareholder, steered the Columbia Graphophone Company (along with

1377:

Columbia changed distributors in Australia and New Zealand in 1956 when the Australian Record Company picked up distribution of U.S. Columbia product to replace the

6098: 3797:

introduction of the LP, Columbia had sold twice as many Masterworks as RCA was selling of Red Seal. RCA had begun to lose some its artists. Some, like opera tenor (

4935: 6103: 1366:, recorded on Columbia, was also the bandleader-composer-pianist's best-selling album. Moreover, this exclusive trinity of jazz giants featured on the cover of 1766:". Columbia saw the two recordings as a start to getting into rock and roll. Melcher and Johnston recorded several additional singles for Columbia in 1964 as " 547:. "Viva-tonal" records set a benchmark in tone and clarity unequaled on commercial discs during the 78-rpm era. The first electrical recordings were made by 4021: 1282:, the two modern jazz artists who would in 1959 record albums that remain—more than sixty years later—among the best-selling jazz albums by any label—viz., 2417:

records from being picked up by radio, and as an experienced media lawyer and a loyal CBS employee, he was also acutely aware that this could become a new

4965: 959:

In 1947, the company was renamed Columbia Records Inc. and founded its Mexican record company, Discos Columbia de Mexico. 1948 saw the first classical LP

6153: 5000: 4878: 4506: 6118: 4108: 1845:

had been gaining popularity on the West Coast, and were signed by Davis in 1967. As a way of introducing them to the world with a splash, they released

1799:. Most historians observed that Columbia had problems marketing Franklin as a major talent in the R&B genre, which led to her leaving the label for 1876:" without their knowledge or approval. Indeed, the duo had already broken up some months earlier, discouraged by the poor sales of their debut LP, and 731:

developed, Columbia had astutely sought to record the artists associated with the emerging genre; for example, Columbia was the only company to record

629:. Columbia used acoustic recording for "budget label" pop product well into 1929 on the labels Harmony, Velvet Tone (both general purpose labels), and 4136: 2772:(ARC). In addition to White's Earth, Wind & Fire, the Columbia Records-distributed label artist roster included successful R&B and pop singer 1994:

Tom Rush had always been the "storyteller" or "balladeer" type of folk artist, before and after his stint with Columbia, to which Rush was lured from

1923:, were major hits on the album chart, with combined total sales in excess of five million copies. Simon and Garfunkel's fifth and final studio album, 5543:. Many references to the Columbia Studios, especially when Ramone bought Studio A, 799 Seventh Avenue from Columbia. Cf. especially pp. 136–137. 3379:

The Canadian Encyclopedia: "Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians" Mookg, Edward B. (6 April 2008 rev. 4 March 2015) on thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en

3119: 5512: 5329:– The Liederkranz of the City of New York website. The Liederkranz Club put up a building in 1881 at 111–119 East 58th Street, east of Park Avenue. 1747:" for Frankie Laine, who had gone six years without a hit record. The song reached No. 51 on the pop chart and No. 17 on the easy listening chart. 1643:

Over the course of the 1960s, Dylan achieved a prominent position in Columbia. His early folk songs were recorded by many acts and became hits for

6158: 1976: 1336:. Contemporaneously with Columbia's first release of modern jazz by a small group, which was also the Brubeck Quartet's debut on the label, was a 5345: 3187: 735:. Most fortuitously for Columbia in its Depression Era financial woes, in 1936 the company entered into an exclusive recording contract with the 551:, the "Whispering Pianist". In a secret agreement with Victor, electrical technology was kept secret to avoid hurting sales of acoustic records. 501:

In 1908, Columbia ceased the recording and manufacturing of wax cylinder records after arranging to issue celluloid cylinder records made by the

2493:. In 2002, Botwin was promoted to President of the Columbia Records Group; he was appointed Chairman in 2005. In 2006, he left Columbia to head 1408: 712:

band, which drew 10,000+ customers nightly to dance. Columbia was added in mid-1932, relegated to slower sellers such as the Hawaiian music of

4210:

Billboard (January 6, 1958). "Columbia's 1958 Tee-Off Cues Big Product Campaign: Program Set to Tie in with LP Disk's 10th Anniversary Year".

6113: 5540: 5281: 5257: 4383: 4057: 3952: 3401: 5604: 2941:

In 1961, Columbia Records renovated and repurposed CBS Radio Studio A at the company's Columbia Square complex at 6121 Sunset Boulevard in

2018: 3557: 3536:"360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story. Columbia Records: Pioneer in Recorded Sound: America's Oldest Record Company, 1886 to the Present" 4479: 4593: 3160: 2997: 2147:

when heard with special amplifiers and additional speakers. Artists using this technology covered all genres, including classical music

2104: 1811: 1676: 1251:. This logo actually depicts a stylus (the legs) on a record (the eye); however, the "eye" also subtly refers to CBS's main business in 4453: 3689: 1007:, originally released on March 4, 1946, as an album of four 78 rpm records, which was the first pop album issued in the new LP format. 6123: 6000: 5401: 4179: 3624: 2330: 1044:

Columbia's LPs were particularly well-suited to classical music's longer pieces, so some of the early albums featured such artists as

2848:, the tallest building in the world at the time. In 1917, Columbia used this studio to make one of the earliest jazz records, by the 6173: 5521: 5491: 5477: 5449: 5206: 4778: 4234: 3592: 3346: 2422: 2404: 2316: 2294: 1887: 417: 2143:

system. These recordings were backward compatible on conventional two-channel stereo playback systems, but played four-channels of

5034: 3827: 3087: 2808:. This gave Columbia Nashville complete autonomy and managerial separation from Columbia in New York City. Columbia had given its 2574: 1872:, inspired by the folk-rock experiments of Dylan, The Byrds and others, added drums and bass to the duo's earlier recording of " 6108: 4908: 2444:

in 1991. As Sony only had a temporary license on the CBS Records name, it then acquired the rights to the Columbia trademarks (

2252: 1057: 848: 1567: 883:

agreement, so they discontinued Vocalion in June 1940, and fired up Okeh. By July, it was releasing new Hillbilly platters by

454:

In 1903, in order to add prestige to its early catalog of artists, Columbia contracted a number of prominent singers from the

6133: 5778: 5421: 5162: 5051: 3378: 3001: 2425:(FCC) could even revoke CBS' all-important broadcast licenses if the corporation was found to be involved in any illegality. 2298: 1663:

and work with rock musicians divided his audience but catapulted him to greater commercial success with his 1965 hit single "

1319: 673:

legislation, EMI had to sell off its US Columbia operation, which continued to release pressings of matrices made in the UK.

448: 1929:(1970), reached number one in the US album charts in January 1970 and became one of the most successful albums of all time. 1795:. In its catalogue were other genres: classical, jazz and country, along with a select group of R&B artists, among them 5373: 5091: 1077:

in the U.K. was the first to release LPs in Europe, beginning in 1949. EMI would not fully adopt the LP format until 1955.

586:, the nation's most popular orchestra leader, left Victor to record for Columbia. During the same year, Columbia executive 5322: 5146: 502: 6058: 5555:, Free eBook released by Columbia Records that puts a spotlight on the label's 263 greatest recordings from 1890 to 2011. 684:("ARC"), operated the label. This assumption grew out of the ease which CFI later exhibited in selling Columbia in 1938. 602:. He followed that with a return to Tennessee the next year, as well as recording sessions in other cities of the South. 5465:, New York & London : Routledge, 1993 & 2005, Volume 1. Cf. pp. 209–213, article on "Columbia (Label)" 2919:

In 1948, Columbia built additional new studios at 207 East 30th Street in Manhattan's Murray Hill district, naming them

2849: 2108: 1728: 1579: 1526: 1507: 1065: 904: 836: 567: 540: 313: 182: 91: 40: 2400: 6163: 6138: 5876: 4831: 3010: 2769: 1708: 681: 455: 297: 137: 2796:

to distribute Aware's artists' music. In 2002, Columbia and Aware accepted the option to continue this relationship.

1582:, outside North America. This was the result of legal maneuvers which led to the creation of EMI in the early 1930s. 4581:"Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" 3428:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR) 3368:, Columbia Master Book Discography, Volume I (Online ed.), Discography of American Historical Recordings (DAHR) 3013:

radio shows. In 1949, the large Liederkranz Hall space was physically rearranged to create four television studios.

6148: 5871: 5572: 2972: 2542:

was named as the chairman and CEO of Columbia Records. In January 2023, Jennifer Mallory was appointed President.

1925: 1744: 1660: 1003: 2287: 1232:, turned down their offer and signed Presley with RCA Victor. However, Columbia did sign two Sun artists in 1958: 755:

era, Hammond had already been of great help to Columbia in 1932–33. Through his involvement in the UK music paper

6088: 5947: 4029: 2513: 2381: 2373:

to the "Network" promoters, and that it was costing the industry as whole as much as $ 80 million annually.

2068: 1791:

The label's only significant "pop" acts at the time were Bob Dylan, the Byrds, Paul Revere & the Raiders and

1594: 1575: 444: 305: 5550: 3702: 1140:

Columbia became the most successful non-rock record company in the 1950s after it lured producer and bandleader

5597: 5125: 2505: 2441: 2156: 2015: 2012: 1667:". Following his withdrawal from touring in 1966, Dylan recorded a large group of songs with his backing group 901: 688: 293: 4886: 1081: 3311: 1636:, who invited a friend to accompany her on one of the recording sessions. It was here that Hammond first met 5712: 4848: 3616: 3499: 2449: 1688: 1629: 1146: 1086: 510: 421: 329: 4943: 3520: 2945:, California. Columbia utilized the studio for recording and mastering services until its closure in 1972. 6035: 5707: 2942: 2914: 2821: 2457: 2081: 1896: 1049: 986: 595: 114: 5298: 5065: 4657: 6045: 6005: 5995: 5975: 5919: 5689: 5684: 3053: 2876:, and became Studios A-1 and A-2 for A & R. The building was demolished in 1983 to make way for the 2196: 2066:, assigned with C 30004. The highest catalog number released in the old system was CS-1069, assigned to 1999: 1869: 1615: 1456: 1263: 1217: 732: 700: 591: 525: 3066:, the label's Art Director from 1938 to 1943, inventor of the illustrated album cover and the LP sleeve 2765: 1644: 1574:

In 1961, CBS ended its arrangement with Philips Records and formed its own international organization,

475: 3191: 1954: 6010: 5752: 5729: 5671: 5378: 4113: 3504: 2964: 2877: 2817: 2805: 2494: 2445: 2047: 1873: 1792: 1664: 1539: 1363: 1332: 1213: 1127:

Transitional 1955 promo 45 r.p.m. label showing both the old notes and mike and new walking eye logos

897: 626: 587: 3665: 1197:. He also oversaw many of the early singles by the label's top female recording star of the decade, 888:

and catalog of master recordings made prior to December 3, 1931, reverted to Warner Bros. Pictures.

6168: 5590: 3733: 2936: 2902: 2889: 2188: 2136: 1980: 1693: 1506:

recorded mostly for Epic. When Epic dropped classical music, the roster and catalogue was moved to

1503: 1482: 1037: 990: 964: 398: 4375: 1323:

to innovator and avatar of the marriage of jazz with rock and electronic sounds—commonly known as

5965: 5816: 5801: 5786: 5763: 4736: 3455: 3165: 3009:

to make some of the first recordings in Liederkranz Hall which until then had only been used for

2984: 2841: 2465: 2200: 2132: 1958: 1846: 1656: 1451: 1305:, a skilled modernist composer himself, Columbia cemented contracts with jazz composer/musicians 1229: 1061: 820: 762: 662: 618: 613:

became house bandleader and A. & R. director. Other favorites in the Viva-tonal era included

606:

as The Two Black Crows 1926 recording 'The Early Bird Catches the Worm' sold 2.5 million copies.

479: 3290:"Hail, Columbia: A fresh book at last gives Edward Easton and his Graphophone company their due" 2873: 2784:. Since the 1940s, Columbia has also re-issued thousands of 1930s records issued on ARC labels. 1849:, along with five singles from the album, all on the same day, June 6, 1967, 23 years following 1313:, while Macero became a significant figure in Miles Davis career from an explorer of the art of 868: 62: 4770: 3944: 3561: 574:

in their 14000-D Race series. Columbia also had a successful "Hillbilly" series (15000-D) with

6015: 5980: 5768: 5536: 5517: 5487: 5473: 5445: 5417: 5277: 5253: 5202: 5184: 4774: 4551: 4515: 4297: 4240: 4230: 4083: 4053: 3993: 3948: 3888: 3754: 3620: 3588: 3433: 3423: 3397: 3363: 3342: 3141: 3022: 3006: 2620: 2539: 2490: 2238: 2148: 2059: 1699: 1486: 1464: 1460: 1399: 1389: 816: 788: 692: 622: 483: 471: 459: 436: 393:, where it was headquartered. At first it had a local monopoly on sales and service of Edison 381:

The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded on January 15, 1889, by stenographer, lawyer, and

235: 4634: 4079: 3987: 3882: 3748: 3135: 2967:(also known as the Quonset Hut), the first recording studio in what would become Nashville's 1145:

oboist who had been a friend of Columbia executive Goddard Lieberson since their days at the

6072: 6030: 6025: 6020: 5985: 5846: 5719: 5699: 4580: 4545: 3860: 3509: 2837: 2825: 2773: 2704: 2616: 2469: 2369:

estimates that by 1980 the major labels were paying anywhere from to $ 100,000 to $ 300,000

2346: 2334: 2172: 2112: 2085: 2073: 1919: 1819: 1800: 1767: 1763: 1720: 1403: 1342:

magazine cover story on the phenomenon of Brubeck's success on college campuses. The humble

1284: 1178: 933: 909: 856: 774: 736: 696: 650: 544: 506: 402: 390: 386: 350: 345: 219: 209: 4686: 4428: 4349: 4323: 4293: 4259: 4171: 3312:"Tim Gracyk's Phonographs, Singers, and Old Records – How Late Did Columbia Use Brown Wax?" 1123: 5960: 5831: 5326: 4835: 3213: 3063: 2960: 2954: 2749: 2680: 2660: 2561: 2524: 2520: 2461: 2366: 2242: 2208:

systems. Many quadraphonic recordings were reissued in new surround sound formats such as

2051: 1995: 1988: 1984: 1950: 1946: 1824: 1796: 1779: 1598: 1382: 1378: 1371: 1351: 1338: 1306: 1271: 1158: 1133: 1069: 989:, to be the standard for the gramophone record for forty years. CBS research director Dr. 913: 812: 728: 677: 563: 463: 425: 31: 4711: 1266:, which proved a boost to a bandleader whose career had stalled. Under new head producer 855:

On December 17, 1938, the ARC, including the Columbia label in the U.S., was acquired by

2598:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1991:. Axton eventually became a country singer, and founded his own record label, Jeremiah. 458:

in New York to make a highly touted series of Grand Opera Records. These stars included

5990: 5897: 5661: 4588: 4576: 4229:. Schroeder, Jonathan E., 1962. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 283–297. 3937: 3513: 3050:, successor to Alex Steinweiss and legendary illustrator for the label during the 1940s 2905:

at 49 East 52nd Street in New York City – on the second and fifth floor, respectively.

2777: 2557: 2508:. In 2009, during the re-consolidation of Sony Music, Columbia was partnered with its 2481: 2342: 2338: 2217: 2184: 2180: 2144: 2140: 1775: 1755: 1751: 1684: 1633: 1521: 1490: 1355: 1310: 1267: 1259: 1248: 1045: 994: 993:

played a managerial role in the collaborative effort, but Wallerstein credits engineer

949: 824: 744: 704:

prior ARC records, would also be the blues-R&B label, and the exclusive outlet for

603: 599: 467: 440: 325: 4966:"Sony Music Entertainment to be Exclusive Music Provider for ESPN's Winter X Games 13" 6082: 5970: 5835: 5724: 5246: 4763: 4608: 2809: 2793: 2761: 2737: 2528: 2436:

In 1988, the CBS Records Group, including the Columbia Records unit, was acquired by

2213: 2209: 2152: 1910: 1854: 1740: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1296: 1221: 1209: 1194: 1174: 1150: 1074: 1017: 925: 920: 876: 872: 861: 808: 721: 709: 654: 646: 637:

stores). When Edison Records folded, Columbia was the oldest surviving record label.

583: 530: 4912: 4765:

If These Halls Could Talk: A Historical Tour Through San Francisco Recording Studios

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With 1954, Columbia U.S. decisively broke with its past when it introduced its new,

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Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (November 10, 2015).

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scandal which had the potential to engulf the entire CBS corporation, and that the

2192: 2120: 2116: 2115:(who inked a distribution deal with Columbia at the time) and a former bandmate of 2055: 2043: 1905: 1900: 1830: 1815: 1759: 1724: 1704: 1672: 1610: 1499: 1478: 1343: 1290: 1275: 1237: 1205: 1166: 1154: 1141: 1053: 953: 828: 796: 779: 766: 757: 717: 630: 590:

pioneered some of the first country music or "hillbilly" genre recordings with the

579: 571: 559: 317: 289: 5577: 4427:

Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (November 2, 2015).

4348:

Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 30, 2015).

4322:

Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 29, 2015).

4287: 4258:

Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 28, 2015).

4200:

This stereo LP Box Set (2 LPs) have released first as M2S-603 (MS 6038-9) in 1958.

4170:

Watts, Randy; Callahan, Mike; Edwards, David; Eyries, Patrice (October 24, 2015).

1115: 676:

In December, 1931, the U.S. Columbia Phonograph Company, Inc. was acquired by the

5530: 5460: 5439: 5395: 5339: 5221: 5178: 3473: 3266: 1723:

arrived in January 1964, Columbia had no rock musicians on its roster except for

1358:, not himself. Within two years Ellington's picture would appear on the cover of 432:

for distribution (possibly under Sears' Oxford trademark for Columbia products).

17: 5935: 5841: 5826: 5806: 5791: 5651: 5526: 5391: 5341:

New York Philharmonic: the authorized recordings, 1917–2005 : a discography

5095: 3640: 3289: 2869: 2864:

at 799 Seventh Avenue in New York City. This studio – well known for its use by

2745: 2741: 2688: 2672: 2656: 2644: 2624: 2498: 2486: 2276: 2256: 2205: 2176: 2168: 2096: 2077: 1835: 1807: 1680: 1648: 1416: 1324: 1279: 1252: 1233: 1225: 1186: 1170: 1095: 937: 929: 800: 792: 752: 614: 575: 548: 487: 374: 362: 321: 5319: 3341:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 172. 867:

In February 1939, NYC Studios moved from ARC headquarters at 1776 Broadway, to

5757: 5744: 5613: 5546: 2636: 2628: 2377: 2357: 2353: 2247: 2164: 2160: 2035: 1967: 1962: 1938: 1877: 1842: 1732: 1394: 1314: 1302: 1190: 1162: 1149:

in the 1930s.) Miller quickly signed up Mercury's biggest artist at the time,

1091: 985:

format (sometimes written "Lp" in early advertisements), which rotated at 33⅓

945: 893: 884: 770: 658: 634: 610: 514: 394: 382: 357: 332:

before its 2008 relaunch after Sony's acquisition alongside other BMG labels.

79: 4555: 4519: 4301: 4244: 4087: 3997: 3892: 3758: 3145: 1370:

magazine were all Columbia artists. (In the early 1960s Columbia jazz artist

997:

with the technical prowess that brought the long-playing disc to the public.

5955: 5927: 3939:

Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock 'n' Roll Pioneers

3047: 2968: 2865: 2845: 2664: 2652: 2648: 2532: 2409: 2204:

1990s multichannel surround sound music surged again with the popularity of

2089: 1882: 1771: 1671:

which reached other artists as 'demo recordings'. These resulted in hits by

1655:

genre. The Byrds achieved their pop breakthrough with a version of Dylan's "

1652: 1637: 1613:, its A&R manager and bandleader, became the host of the variety series 1244: 1198: 1182: 982: 941: 900:

trademark (RCA lost the case). The blue Columbia label was retained for its

804: 713: 705: 670: 570:. Columbia had already built a catalog of blues and jazz artists, including 5582: 4829: 4429:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 17 (CL 2100-2199/CS 8900–8999) 1963–1964" 4350:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 14 (CL 1800-1899/CS 8600–8699) 1960–1961" 4324:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 13 (CL 1700-1799/CS 8500–8598) 1961–1962" 4260:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 12 (CL 1600-1699/CS 8400–8499) 1961–1962" 2792:

In 1997, Columbia made an affiliation with unsigned artist promotion label

1427:. Only Mathis' compilations charted, since there were only 25 positions on 1406:. One of his first major successes was the original Broadway cast album of 1153:, and discovered several of the decade's biggest recording stars including 369: 5117: 2224:, however, multichannel music still did not reach mass-market acceptance. 1953:. By the time he joined Columbia, he had mixed successful pop songs like " 847: 5183:, New York & London : Routledge, 1993 & 2005, Volume 1. Cf. 4737:"LP Discography for CBS Records US combined numbering system 30000-30499" 3914:"Mitch Miller And His Orchestra And Chorus – Mitch Miller – Philips – UK" 3058: 2386: 2100: 2021:

for Columbia) and has been playing to appreciative audiences ever since.

1942: 1668: 1423:; months later, it put out another Mathis compilation as well as that of 743:

sponsored on radio (and later television) by southern gospel broadcaster

582:

also joined Columbia and recorded forty five 78 rpm's by 1931. In 1928,

491: 410: 406: 3459: 3214:"Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: The Gramophone" 1119:

Columbia used this label for its 45 r.p.m. records from 1951 until 1958.

451:

disc records as one of the top three names in American sound recording.

5890: 5811: 3913: 3728: 2301: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2221: 1774:

and Paul Revere & the Raiders for Columbia while Johnston produced

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in 1939 to release Columbia records in Canada under the Columbia name.

4993:"L.A. Reid's First Week at Epic Has Some Staffers Feeling 'Energized'" 2011:

Eventually, Rush returned to his usual sound (which he applied to his

1609:

In 1961, Columbia's music repertoire was given an enormous boost when

1301:

list of the "500 Greatest Albums Of All Time". With another producer,

3250:

A Collector's Guide to the Columbia Spring-Wound Cylinder Graphophone

2552: 2418: 1446: 1041:

1948. The catalog numbering system has had minor changes ever since.

5357: 3234: 665:("His Master's Voice") to form Electric and Musical Industries Ltd ( 4227:

Designed for Hi-Fi Living : The Vinyl LP in Midcentury America

4172:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 8 (CL 1200 to CL 1299) 1958-1959" 3558:"Solid Gospel series brings Chuck Wagon Gang to Renaissance Center" 3425:

Columbia Corporate History: Market Crash, 1929, and the Early 1930s

3365:

Columbia Corporate History: Electrical Recording and the Late 1920s

1727:, who was signed in 1963 as the label's first major rock star, and 389:(1856–1915) and a group of investors. It derived its name from the 5566: 5021: 4454:"20 Things You Might Not Know About Bob Dylan's Debut Album – NME" 3315: 2632: 2519:

As of March 2013, Columbia Records was home to 90 artists such as

2103:) and establishing an A&R head and office in San Francisco at 2050:, S for movie soundtrack and original Broadway cast albums, Y for 1850: 1589:

Columbia's Mexican unit, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS.

1565: 1122: 1114: 846: 783: 524: 494:" introduced by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company in 1906. 429: 368: 356: 344: 4687:"Columbia Album Discography, Part 27 (K)CS 9900–9999 (1969–1970)" 6040: 5914: 2437: 513:, and Edward Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the 373:

The American label of an electrically recorded Columbia disc by

301: 175: 5586: 5414:

Hit Men: Power Brokers and Fast Money Inside The Music Business

5151:. Vol. 90. Billboard Magazine. August 5, 1978. p. 19. 4022:"Sony Music Entertainment Inc | The Canadian Encyclopedia" 3992:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 19, 1953. p. 16. 3887:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 26, 1970. p. 10. 3140:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 17, 1955. p. 35. 1247:-style "Walking Eye" logo, designed by Columbia's art director 529:

The British label of an electrically recorded Columbia disc by

316:. Columbia is one of Sony Music's four flagship record labels: 5167:. Vol. 91. Billboard Magazine. July 14, 1979. p. 26. 5069: 3446:

Walworth, Julia (2005). "Sir Louis Sterling and his library".

2804:

In 2007, Columbia formed Columbia Nashville, which is part of

2684: 2578: 2453: 2329:

CBS Records had a popular roster of musicians. It distributed

2270: 1770:" and later as "The Rogues". Melcher produced early albums by 1294:

by the Davis Sextet, which, in 2003, appeared as number 12 in

961:

Nathan Milstein's recording of the Mendelssohn Violin Concerto

782:, and he had less involvement with the music scene during the 695:, which included the trademarks and masters of the Brunswick, 666: 309: 160: 4550:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. December 11, 1965. p. 3. 2191:. RCA had already begun releasing quadraphonic recordings on 2131:

During 1971 Columbia began producing records in four-channel

1814:, where he spotted and signed several leading acts including 274: 3832:

Library of Congress (Congress.gov) (accessdate 21 June 2021)

3337:

Rye, Howard; Kernfeld, Barry (2002). Kernfeld, Barry (ed.).

2987:'s Mike Curb College of Entertainment & Music Business. 1651:. Some of these cover versions became the foundation of the 562:

and its growing stable of jazz and blues artists, including

439:, invented and patented by Victor Talking Machine Company's 4078:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. September 11, 1954. p. 3753:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 16, 1963. p. 60. 2260: 1362:, following his success at the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival. 5484:

Revolution in Sound: A Biography of the Recording Industry

5441:

Temples of sound : inside the great recording studios

3252:(1 ed.). Antique Phonograph Monthly. pp. 10, 13. 2376:

During this period, Columbia scored a Top 40 hit with the

1917:

soundtrack and Simon & Garfunkel's next studio album,

1169:(whose stage surname was taken from Miller's first name), 5248:

Studio Stories – How the Great New York Records Were Made

4374:

Bessman, Jim; Cox, Tony; Miller, Mitch (August 3, 2010).

3188:"125 Years of Columbia Records – An Interactive Timeline" 2615:

As of 2024, the current Columbia Records roster includes

5552:

360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story Legends and Legacy

5201:. San Francisco: Chronicle Books LLC. pp. 181–191. 4480:"50 Years Ago Today: Bob Dylan Released His Debut Album" 3396:. Internet Archive. London : Barrie & Jenkins. 2868:

in the 1960s – was purchased in 1967 by Jack Arnold and

1971:

in the same year. When he landed at Columbia, his album

1895:

album chart. The duo subsequently had a Top 20 single, "

661:, which it had owned since 1926) into a merger with the 416:

Columbia's ties to Edison were severed in 1894 with the

5397:

Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece

5358:"Leiderkranz Hall – The World's Best Recording Studio?" 4292:. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. March 16, 1963. p. 2504:

Columbia Records remains a premier subsidiary label of

1288:

by the Brubeck Quartet and, to an even greater extent,

1021:. Since the term "LP" has come to refer to the 12-inch 3841:

Library of Congress Columbia Records Paperwork Box 121

2448:) outside the U.S., Canada, Spain (trademark owned by 2195:

starting in 1970, and countered on LP record with the

2123:. The recording studio operated under CBS until 1978. 1632:

was producing the first Columbia album by folk singer

1570:

The CBS Records logo used outside of the United States

300:, the American division of multinational conglomerate 6056: 5274:

Perfecting Sound Forever: The Story of recorded Music

5052:"Jenifer Mallory Named President of Columbia Records" 5320:"History of The Liederkranz of the City of New York" 4885:. CelebrityAccess. December 14, 2006. Archived from 1419:, Tony Bennett, Rosemary Clooney, Frankie Laine and 5946: 5907: 5777: 5743: 5698: 5670: 5639: 5620: 5374:"Morty Palitz Dies at 53; Spanned 3 Record Decades" 5164:

Maurice White's Prowling for Acts, Building Studios

3861:"Record Collector's Resource: A History of Records" 3417: 3415: 3413: 3037:

Edward Wallerstein – Chairman & CEO (1939–1951)

1998:. As with Axton, Rush was given "the treatment" on 1731:who were also signed in 1963. The label released a 1350:cover story on a jazz musician (the first featured 1258:Although the big band era had passed, Columbia had 720:stable of artists and songs, and the still unknown 578:among others. By 1927, the "Sweet Jazz" bandleader 269: 261: 253: 245: 225: 215: 193: 72: 53: 5245: 5024:. Columbiarecords.com. Retrieved on July 16, 2013. 4847: 4762: 4505: 3936: 1388:In the same year, former Columbia A&R manager 5500:, ABC, Inc. April 1976, "Creating the LP Record." 5344:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. Cf. especially 539:The company was bought by its UK subsidiary, the 521:Columbia Phonograph Company ownership (1925–1931) 5041:, January 2, 2018, retrieved on January 2, 2018. 3606: 3604: 1204:In 1953, Columbia formed a new subsidiary label 353:, in 1889; the company was named after the city. 5470:The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912 2004: 1743:, son of Doris Day, produced the hard driving " 869:799 7th Avenue, 6th&7th flrs, New York City 428:. The molded brown waxes may have been sold to 6129:Entertainment companies based in New York City 5444:, San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2003. 3809: 3807: 3613:The label : the story of Columbia Records 1703:became cornerstone recordings of the emergent 1659:". In 1965, Dylan's controversial decision to 1489:, and the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by 5598: 5573:Discography of American Historical Recordings 4507:"Peter, Paul and Mary: Top songs of all time" 4376:"Remembering Singing Along With Mitch Miller" 3587:. New York: Chronicle Books. pp. 90–95. 3454:. Jewish Historical Society of England: 161. 3261: 3259: 3121:New York Court of Appeals. Records and Briefs 2046:, H for Harmony (budget reissue line), M for 536:In late 1922, Columbia entered receivership. 8: 4911:. Fox News. December 1, 2011. Archived from 3082: 3080: 2263:'s 32-channel multitrack digital recorder). 1068:. The success of these recordings persuaded 1015:was also considered to be the first genuine 5578:See the Profile of Designer Alex Steinweiss 5532:Making records: the scenes behind the music 4282: 4280: 3794:Backstory in Blue: Ellington at Newport '56 3118:Appeals, New York (State) Court of (1941). 2816:In 2009, Columbia Nashville became part of 2199:system. The RCA process required a special 328:as the latter two were originally owned by 39:For the former British record company, see 5605: 5591: 5583: 2440:, which re-christened the parent division 1274:, but also signing to long-term contracts 687:On December 3, 1931, CFI made a deal with 50: 6144:Mass media companies of the United States 5516:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press; 2007. 5292: 5290: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5233: 2317:Learn how and when to remove this message 2095:In September 1970, under the guidance of 1885:boom of the mid-1960s. Their next album, 1739:(Columbia CL-2172, issued in mono only). 944:(both moved to Columbia from Brunswick), 641:Columbia ownership separation (1931–1936) 490:" to compete with the extremely popular " 5513:The Label: The Story of Columbia Records 4909:"Sony Music Gets Ready for Black Friday" 4680: 4678: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4043: 4041: 4039: 3943:. University of Illinois Press. p. 3780:The Orchestra: A Very Short Introduction 3512:. June 17, 1936. p. 24 – via 3161:"From One Mine, the Gold of Pop History" 2959:In 1962, Columbia Records purchased the 2390:would spend four months at No. 1 on the 594:in Tennessee, including artists such as 232:Sony Music Entertainment (International) 161:Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), Inc. 6094:1889 establishments in New York (state) 6063: 5679: 5299:"Quonset Hut Hosts Reunion Celebration" 4712:"CBS LPs – US unified numbering system" 3801:), Ezio Pinza, would go to Columbia..." 3729:"Columbia Records paperwork collection" 3690:CBS reflections in a Bloodshot Eye Metz 3076: 1628:In September 1961, CBS A&R manager 912:, so CBS made a distribution deal with 6099:American companies established in 1889 5035:Sony names new CEO of Columbia Records 4817: 4805: 4793: 4769:. Thomson Course Technology. pp. 4407: 4386:from the original on December 26, 2017 4157: 3974: 3817:. Columbia Records Inc. pp. 1–20. 3113: 3111: 3109: 2076:, A and W for Special Products, L for 645:The repercussions of the stock market 5094:. Columbiarecords.com. Archived from 5022:Columbia Records Music Moving Forward 4873: 4871: 4526:from the original on January 10, 2022 4016: 4014: 7: 6104:American country music record labels 5505:The Columbia Master Book Discography 4182:from the original on August 19, 2018 3703:"Columbia drops its Brunswick label" 3585:360 Sound the Columbia Records Story 2299:adding citations to reliable sources 2088:, O for Chaos Recordings, and B for 896:to claim infringement on its famous 208:(as Columbia Phonograph Company) in 5486:. Little, Brown and Company, 1974. 4991:Halperin, Shirley (July 12, 2011). 4594:University of North Texas Libraries 3666:"Division of Corporations – Filing" 2971:district when first established by 2452:) and Japan (Nippon Columbia) from 1853:. The album hit made No. 24 on the 1812:Monterey International Pop Festival 1754:discovered and brought to Columbia 1707:genre and influenced The Byrds and 1520:Lambert, Hendricks & Ross Sing 1467:(recorded on December 31, 1956, on 1374:would be afforded the same honor.) 6119:Contemporary R&B record labels 5068:. February 8, 1999. Archived from 4504:Willis, Amy (September 17, 2009). 4135:. February 9, 2003. Archived from 3615:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press 3000:, and used as a recording studio ( 2331:Philadelphia International Records 928:(signed from RCA Victor in 1939), 837:Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. 741:Mull Singing Convention of the Air 25: 6154:Record labels established in 1889 5252:. San Francisco: Backbeat Books. 3935:John Broven (February 26, 2009). 2991:Liederkranz Hall Studio, New York 2764:, founder and leader of the band 2423:Federal Communications Commission 2405:Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena 2069:The Sesame Street Book and Record 1888:Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme 1346:demurred, saying that the second 418:North American Phonograph Company 349:The original home of Columbia in 6066: 5187:, article on "Columbia (Label)". 4934:Gallo, Phil (February 8, 2005). 4607:Edwards, David; Callahan, Mike. 3519: 3339:The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz 3310:Gracyk, Tim (October 11, 1904). 3159:Ben Sisario (October 30, 2012). 2756:American Recording Company (ARC) 2583: 2575:List of Columbia Records artists 2569:List of Columbia Records artists 2275: 1737:The Exciting New Liverpool Sound 1493:, who also recorded an abridged 1080:An "original cast recording" of 706:Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys 61: 5297:Skates, Sarah (June 30, 2011). 5148:New ARC Columbia Label on debut 5066:"Columbia Records Online – USA" 3094:. December 21, 1938. p. 24 2286:needs additional citations for 2253:New York Philharmonic Orchestra 2155:, plus popular artists such as 2092:), which continued until 2005. 1354:'s picture) had been earned by 1317:from Davis' sextets 1958 album 1058:New York Philharmonic Orchestra 6159:Rhythm and blues record labels 5462:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound 5276:, Granta Books, London, 2009 ( 5180:Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound 3863:. Cubby.net. February 26, 1917 3709:. August 30, 1939. p. 241 3534:Brooks, Tim (March 22, 2013). 2860:In 1939, Columbia established 2000:his self-titled Columbia debut 1965:", which was used in the film 1806:In 1967, Brooklyn-born lawyer 1691:"). Dylan's late 1960s albums 689:Warner Brothers Pictures, Inc. 449:Victor Talking Machine Company 320:, and former longtime rivals, 1: 4879:"Will Botwin Joins Red Light" 3500:"Grigsby Radio Holdings Sold" 3031:Stephen Russo – EVP & CFO 2352:To deal with the crisis, CEO 1841:A San Francisco group called 1836:fusion of jazz and rock music 1729:Paul Revere & the Raiders 1527:Lambert, Hendricks & Ross 503:Indestructible Record Company 6114:Companies based in Manhattan 5535:, New York: Hyperion, 2007. 5438:Cogan, Jim; Clark, William, 4658:"Bridge Over Troubled Water" 3815:Columbia Record Catalog 1949 3314:. Gracyk.com. Archived from 2850:Original Dixieland Jass Band 2111:, a producer and artist for 1957:", with hard rock songs for 1913:", became a smash hit. Both 1597:(founded in 1936) including 1580:Columbia Graphophone Company 1508:Columbia Masterworks Records 1228:in 1955. Presley's manager, 1220:, Columbia bid $ 15,000 for 1066:Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 905:Columbia Masterworks Records 693:Brunswick Record Corporation 541:Columbia Graphophone Company 361:A Columbia type AT cylinder 314:Columbia Graphophone Company 183:Sony BMG Music Entertainment 164:(December 17, 1938 92:Columbia Graphophone Company 41:Columbia Graphophone Company 5877:Crunchyroll Store Australia 5400:, Da Capo Press, 2001. Cf. 5362:VJM's Jazz & Blues Mart 4856:. Reuters. October 16, 1990 4691:Both Sides Now Publications 4433:Both Sides Now Publications 4354:Both Sides Now Publications 4328:Both Sides Now Publications 4264:Both Sides Now Publications 4176:Both Sides Now Publications 4050:Elvis: His Life from A to Z 3829:The First Long-Playing Disc 2949:Columbia Studios, Nashville 2267:Dick Asher vs "The Network" 2228:Yetnikoff becomes president 1709:The Flying Burrito Brothers 851:Columbia notes and mic logo 682:American Record Corporation 558:In 1926, Columbia acquired 298:Sony Corporation of America 138:American Record Corporation 6190: 5872:Crunchyroll UK and Ireland 5118:"Columbia Records artists" 5092:"Columbia Jazz – Main Nav" 4849:"CBS Records Changes Name" 4026:thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 3611:Marmorstein, Gary (2007). 3248:Hazelcorn, Howard (1976). 2952: 2934: 2931:Columbia Square, Hollywood 2912: 2887: 2836:Columbia Records operated 2770:American Recording Company 2572: 2429:The 1980s and sale to Sony 2241:in a recording session of 1926:Bridge over Troubled Water 1605:Mitch Miller on television 1013:The Voice of Frank Sinatra 1004:The Voice of Frank Sinatra 936:(both signed from Decca), 843:CBS takes over (1938–1947) 103:– March 31, 1931 95:(October 5, 1925 38: 29: 6124:Cylinder record producers 5503:Rust, Brian, (compiler), 5412:Dannen, Frederic (1991). 5039:New York Business Journal 4936:"Columbia chair adjusted" 4834:February 4, 2004, at the 4761:Johnson, Heather (2006). 4225:Borgerson, Janet (2017). 4109:"columbia representative" 3448:Jewish Historical Studies 3390:Murrells, Joseph (1978). 2731:Columbia Label Group (UK) 2718:CMV: Columbia Music Video 2592:This section needs to be 2514:Columbia/Epic Label Group 2382:Another Brick in the Wall 1983:", which became hits for 1909:. The resulting single, " 1595:Australian Record Company 1576:CBS Records International 1082:Rodgers & Hammerstein 971:The LP record (1948–1959) 708:, a phenomenal mid-1930s 625:(a Sam Lanin group), and 600:"Fiddlin'" Charlie Bowman 445:Edison Phonograph Company 84:(1991–2004, 2008–present) 60: 6174:Soundtrack record labels 5614:Sony Music Entertainment 5571:Columbia masters in the 5507:, Greenwood Press, 1999. 5472:, APM Press, 1990/1991, 5222:"The Woolworth Building" 5126:Sony Music Entertainment 4609:"Atlantic Records Story" 3393:The book of golden discs 2506:Sony Music Entertainment 2442:Sony Music Entertainment 2384:", and its parent album 2157:Electric Light Orchestra 1786:Ascension of Clive Davis 308:to avoid confusion with 294:Sony Music Entertainment 80:Sony Music Entertainment 30:Not to be confused with 5713:Deutsche Harmonia Mundi 5529:; Granata, Charles L., 3617:Avalon Publishing Group 2998:The Liederkranz Society 1933:Hoyt Axton and Tom Rush 1891:, went to No. 4 on the 1745:Don't Make My Baby Blue 1553:Outing of "deep groove" 1147:Eastman School of Music 511:Bridgeport, Connecticut 435:Columbia began selling 199:; 135 years ago 6109:American record labels 6036:Sony Music Philippines 5708:Sony Classical Records 5498:High Fidelity Magazine 5325:July 27, 2011, at the 5244:Simons, David (2004). 4741:Global Dog Productions 4716:Global Dog Productions 4052:. Outlet. p. 38. 3670:icis.corp.delaware.gov 3583:Wilentz, Sean (2012). 3474:"EMI: A Brief History" 2915:CBS 30th Street Studio 2822:Sony Group Corporation 2766:Earth, Wind & Fire 2458:Sony Classical Records 2056:The Elvin Bishop Group 2009: 1897:A Hazy Shade of Winter 1645:Peter, Paul & Mary 1571: 1128: 1120: 1050:Philadelphia Orchestra 987:revolutions per minute 978:High Fidelity Magazine 879:artists and sessions. 852: 678:Grigsby-Grunow Company 596:Clarence Horton Greene 533: 515:Dictaphone Corporation 378: 366: 354: 341:Beginnings (1889–1929) 115:Grigsby-Grunow Company 6134:Hip hop record labels 6046:Volcano Entertainment 6006:Sony Music Publishing 5996:Robbins Entertainment 5976:Century Media Records 5868:Crunchyroll Games LLC 5690:Provident Label Group 5685:RCA Records Nashville 3288:Bilton, Lynn (1998). 3235:"Labels - Sony Music" 3054:List of record labels 3034:Abou "Bu" Thiam – EVP 2909:30th Street, New York 2884:52nd Street, New York 2259:, in New York (using 1864:Simon & Garfunkel 1793:Simon & Garfunkel 1616:Sing Along with Mitch 1569: 1457:New York Philharmonic 1264:Newport Jazz Festival 1126: 1118: 850: 733:Charles Davis Tillman 633:(sold exclusively at 592:Johnson City sessions 528: 372: 360: 348: 197:January 22, 1889 27:American record label 6011:Sony Music Australia 5753:Black Butter Records 5730:RCA Red Seal Records 5468:Koenigsberg, Allen, 5003:on December 18, 2012 4946:on November 28, 2023 4048:Worth, Fred (1992). 4032:on February 3, 2010. 3619:. pp. 100–110. 3505:Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3194:on November 14, 2017 3028:Jenifer Mallory – GM 3025:– Chairman & CEO 2965:Nashville, Tennessee 2901:were located in the 2856:7th Avenue, New York 2818:Sony Music Nashville 2806:Sony Music Nashville 2776:, jazz-fusion group 2691:with 78 artists and 2538:On January 2, 2018, 2495:Red Light Management 2460:. In December 2006, 2446:Columbia Graphophone 2295:improve this article 2048:Columbia Masterworks 1937:Davis lured artists 1874:The Sound of Silence 1689:This Wheel's On Fire 1665:Like a Rolling Stone 1364:Ellington at Newport 1333:Jazz Goes to College 588:Frank Buckley Walker 399:phonograph cylinders 391:District of Columbia 149:– December 1938 5865:Crunchyroll Studios 5510:Marmorstein, Gary. 5456:, pp. 181–192. 5416:. London: Vintage. 5382:, December 1, 1962. 5356:Behncke, Bernhard, 5197:Cogan, Jim (2003). 5098:on January 15, 1998 5072:on February 8, 1999 5054:. January 31, 2023. 4915:on October 26, 2012 4889:on December 3, 2013 4512:The Daily Telegraph 3734:Library of Congress 3692:World Radio History 3422:Brooks, Tim (ed.), 3362:Brooks, Tim (ed.), 2937:CBS Columbia Square 2903:CBS Studio Building 2890:CBS Studio Building 2780:, and R&B trio 2760:During August 1978 2709:Small Giant Records 2512:sister to form the 2497:and its associated 1981:Never Been to Spain 1694:John Wesley Harding 1504:Cleveland Orchestra 1483:Dimitri Mitropoulos 1038:Library of Congress 965:RCA Victor Red Seal 118:(December 1931 6164:Rock record labels 6139:Jazz record labels 5966:Phonogenic Records 5817:Aniplex of America 5787:Epic Records Japan 5764:Relentless Records 5680:Columbia Nashville 4972:. October 27, 2009 4854:The New York Times 4380:Talk of the Nation 4117:. August 14, 1961. 3564:on August 10, 2012 3480:. January 24, 2000 3318:on October 1, 2009 3166:The New York Times 2985:Belmont University 2842:Woolworth Building 2800:Columbia Nashville 2768:, re-launched the 2695:with 43 artists). 2546:Logos and branding 2133:quadraphonic sound 2127:Quadraphonic Sound 1973:My Griffin Is Gone 1657:Mr. Tambourine Man 1572: 1230:Colonel Tom Parker 1129: 1121: 1062:Sir Thomas Beecham 919:During the 1940s, 853: 821:Stevie Ray Vaughan 763:Fletcher Henderson 663:Gramophone Company 619:Fletcher Henderson 534: 480:Gramophone Company 476:His Master's Voice 456:Metropolitan Opera 379: 377:from the mid-1920s 367: 355: 296:, a subsidiary of 6149:Pop record labels 6054: 6053: 6016:Sony Music Mexico 5981:Legacy Recordings 5891:Peanuts Worldwide 5862:Crunchyroll Films 5769:Ministry of Sound 5541:978-0-7868-6859-9 5459:Hoffmann, Frank, 5452:. Cf. chapter on 5338:North, James H., 5282:978-1-84708-140-7 5259:978-0-87930-817-9 5177:Hoffmann, Frank, 5037:", Anthony Noto, 4160:, pp. 60–61. 4139:on March 17, 2011 4059:978-0-517-06634-8 3954:978-0-252-03290-5 3403:978-0-214-20512-5 3007:Andre Kostelanetz 2979:in 1954. Renamed 2874:A&R Recording 2838:recording studios 2832:Recording studios 2824:umbrella through 2726:Affiliated labels 2721:Brushfire Records 2621:Bruce Springsteen 2613: 2612: 2491:Five For Fighting 2476:The 1990s–present 2327: 2326: 2319: 2239:digital recording 2149:Leonard Bernstein 2105:Fisherman's Wharf 2060:Herschel Bernardi 1847:their debut album 1768:Bruce & Terry 1700:Nashville Skyline 1487:Leonard Bernstein 1465:Leonard Bernstein 1461:Westminster Choir 1400:Arnold Schoenberg 1390:Goddard Lieberson 1224:'s contract from 877:Hillbilly/Country 817:Bruce Springsteen 789:Charlie Christian 623:Ipana Troubadours 617:, Paul Whiteman, 568:Clarence Williams 484:Fonotipia Records 482:Ltd.) or Italy's 472:Edouard de Reszke 460:Marcella Sembrich 283: 282: 254:Country of origin 236:Legacy Recordings 18:CBS Schallplatten 16:(Redirected from 6181: 6089:Columbia Records 6071: 6070: 6069: 6062: 6031:Sony Music Latin 6026:Sony Music South 6021:Sony Music India 5986:Kemosabe Records 5857:Crunchyroll GmbH 5847:Crunchyroll EMEA 5720:Portrait Records 5700:Sony Masterworks 5647:Columbia Records 5607: 5600: 5593: 5584: 5567:Official website 5454:Columbia Studios 5427: 5404: 5389: 5383: 5371: 5365: 5354: 5348: 5336: 5330: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5294: 5285: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5251: 5241: 5228: 5226:NYC Architecture 5219: 5213: 5212: 5199:Temples of Sound 5194: 5188: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5159: 5153: 5152: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5122:Columbia Records 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5042: 5031: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5008: 4999:. 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Archived from 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3115: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3084: 2981:Columbia Studios 2826:Sony Music Group 2774:Deniece Williams 2712:CloudBoy Records 2705:Kemosabe Records 2617:Barbra Streisand 2608: 2605: 2599: 2587: 2586: 2579: 2470:RED Distribution 2347:Monument Records 2335:Blue Sky Records 2322: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2279: 2271: 2189:Blue Öyster Cult 2173:Barbra Streisand 2113:Monument Records 2052:Columbia Odyssey 1977:Joy to the World 1955:Greenback Dollar 1820:Barbra Streisand 1801:Atlantic Records 1764:Hey Little Cobra 1721:British Invasion 1687:& Trinity (" 1677:The Mighty Quinn 1476: 1475: 1471: 1434: 1404:Anton von Webern 1179:Rosemary Clooney 1034: 1033: 1029: 1026: 934:Jimmie Lunceford 910:Great Depression 857:William S. Paley 775:Roger Wolfe Kahn 737:Chuck Wagon Gang 691:("WB") to lease 651:Great Depression 545:Western Electric 507:Albany, New York 403:Washington, D.C. 387:Edward D. Easton 365:produced in 1898 351:Washington, D.C. 286:Columbia Records 279: 276: 270:Official website 220:Edward D. Easton 210:Washington, D.C. 207: 205: 200: 176:Sony Corporation 171: 169: 156: 154: 148: 146: 133: 131: 125: 123: 110: 108: 102: 100: 65: 56: 55:Columbia Records 51: 21: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6179: 6178: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6057: 6055: 6050: 5961:RCA Inspiration 5942: 5903: 5851:Crunchyroll SAS 5834:(co-owned with 5832:Crunchyroll LLC 5773: 5739: 5694: 5666: 5635: 5616: 5611: 5563: 5558: 5434: 5432:Further reading 5424: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5390: 5386: 5372: 5368: 5355: 5351: 5337: 5333: 5327:Wayback Machine 5318: 5314: 5304: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5288: 5271: 5267: 5260: 5243: 5242: 5231: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5176: 5172: 5161: 5160: 5156: 5145: 5144: 5140: 5130: 5128: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5032: 5028: 5020: 5016: 5006: 5004: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4975: 4973: 4964: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4918: 4916: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4877: 4876: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4836:Wayback Machine 4828: 4824: 4816: 4812: 4804: 4800: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4666: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4613:www.bsnpubs.com 4606: 4605: 4601: 4583: 4577:Gilliland, John 4575: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4558: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4426: 4425: 4414: 4406: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4332: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4286: 4285: 4278: 4268: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4237: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4142: 4140: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4107: 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4060: 4047: 4046: 4037: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3792:John F. Morton 3791: 3787: 3777: 3773: 3763: 3761: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3645:apps.dos.ny.gov 3639: 3638: 3634: 3627: 3610: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3498: 3497: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3472: 3471: 3467: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3421: 3420: 3411: 3404: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3377: 3373: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3349: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3272: 3270: 3267:"Edward Easton" 3265: 3264: 3257: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3134: 3133: 3129: 3117: 3116: 3107: 3097: 3095: 3086: 3085: 3078: 3073: 3064:Alex Steinweiss 3044: 3019: 2993: 2961:Bradley Studios 2957: 2955:Bradley Studios 2951: 2939: 2933: 2917: 2911: 2892: 2886: 2878:Equitable Tower 2858: 2834: 2802: 2790: 2758: 2750:Robbie Williams 2733: 2728: 2701: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2588: 2584: 2577: 2571: 2562:Nippon Columbia 2548: 2525:Robbie Williams 2521:Lauren Jauregui 2478: 2462:CBS Corporation 2431: 2367:Frederic Dannen 2323: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2292: 2280: 2269: 2255:, conducted by 2230: 2201:phono cartridge 2141:matrix decoding 2137:SQ Quadraphonic 2129: 2040:Honey Come Back 2032: 2030:Catalog numbers 2027: 1985:Three Dog Night 1935: 1866: 1825:In a Silent Way 1797:Aretha Franklin 1788: 1780:Capitol Records 1717: 1626: 1607: 1599:Coronet Records 1564: 1555: 1550: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1443: 1432: 1379:Capitol Records 1372:Thelonious Monk 1352:Louis Armstrong 1307:Thelonious Monk 1272:Louis Armstrong 1159:Mahalia Jackson 1134:Philips Records 1113: 1070:Capitol Records 1031: 1027: 1024: 1022: 973: 914:Sparton Records 902:classical music 845: 813:Aretha Franklin 729:southern gospel 649:and subsequent 643: 564:Louis Armstrong 523: 464:Lillian Nordica 426:Byron G. Harlan 343: 338: 288:is an American 275:columbiarecords 273: 241: 203: 201: 198: 189: 185: 178: 167: 165: 163: 152: 150: 144: 142: 141:(June 1934 140: 129: 127: 126:– May 1934 121: 119: 117: 106: 104: 98: 96: 94: 90: 83: 68: 67:Logo since 1999 54: 49: 44: 37: 33:Columbia Record 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6187: 6185: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6081: 6080: 6076: 6075: 6052: 6051: 6049: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6001:Somethin' Else 5998: 5993: 5991:Dischi Ricordi 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5952: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5930: 5925: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5898:The First Take 5894: 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5858: 5855: 5854:Crunchyroll SA 5852: 5844: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5783: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5716: 5715: 5704: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5676: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5664: 5662:Arista Records 5659: 5654: 5649: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5632:Kevin Kelleher 5630: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5617: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5587: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5562: 5561:External links 5559: 5557: 5556: 5544: 5524: 5508: 5501: 5495: 5481: 5466: 5457: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5406: 5405: 5384: 5366: 5349: 5331: 5312: 5286: 5272:Milner, Greg, 5265: 5258: 5229: 5214: 5207: 5189: 5170: 5154: 5138: 5109: 5083: 5057: 5043: 5026: 5014: 4983: 4957: 4926: 4900: 4867: 4839: 4822: 4810: 4798: 4786: 4779: 4753: 4728: 4703: 4674: 4648: 4635:"Bitches Brew" 4625: 4599: 4589:Pop Chronicles 4568: 4537: 4496: 4471: 4445: 4412: 4397: 4366: 4340: 4314: 4276: 4250: 4235: 4217: 4202: 4193: 4162: 4150: 4129:"Kind of Blue" 4120: 4100: 4065: 4058: 4035: 4010: 3979: 3967: 3953: 3927: 3905: 3874: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3820: 3803: 3785: 3771: 3740: 3720: 3694: 3682: 3657: 3632: 3626:978-1560257073 3625: 3600: 3593: 3575: 3549: 3526: 3514:Newspapers.com 3491: 3465: 3438: 3409: 3402: 3382: 3371: 3354: 3347: 3329: 3302: 3280: 3255: 3240: 3226: 3205: 3179: 3151: 3127: 3105: 3088:"Frank Walker" 3075: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3018: 3015: 2992: 2989: 2950: 2947: 2932: 2929: 2913:Main article: 2910: 2907: 2888:Main article: 2885: 2882: 2857: 2854: 2833: 2830: 2801: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2778:Weather Report 2757: 2754: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2715:Signal Records 2713: 2710: 2707: 2700: 2697: 2611: 2610: 2591: 2589: 2582: 2573:Main article: 2570: 2567: 2558:Sony Classical 2547: 2544: 2482:talent manager 2477: 2474: 2430: 2427: 2343:T-Neck Records 2339:Isley Brothers 2325: 2324: 2283: 2281: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2229: 2226: 2218:Super Audio CD 2185:Herbie Hancock 2145:surround sound 2128: 2125: 2082:Sony Classical 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 1934: 1931: 1865: 1862: 1834:, pioneered a 1787: 1784: 1776:the Beach Boys 1756:the Rip Chords 1752:Bruce Johnston 1716: 1713: 1685:Julie Driscoll 1634:Carolyn Hester 1625: 1622: 1606: 1603: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1491:Eugene Ormandy 1442: 1439: 1435:s album charts 1356:Duke Ellington 1311:Charles Mingus 1268:George Avakian 1260:Duke Ellington 1249:S. Neil Fujita 1112: 1109: 1046:Eugene Ormandy 995:William Savory 991:Peter Goldmark 981:"microgroove" 972: 969: 950:Mildred Bailey 844: 841: 825:Robert Johnson 745:J. Bazzel Mull 642: 639: 604:Moran and Mack 522: 519: 468:Antonio Scotti 447:cylinders and 441:Emile Berliner 422:Arthur Collins 342: 339: 337: 334: 326:Arista Records 281: 280: 271: 267: 266: 263: 259: 258: 255: 251: 250: 247: 243: 242: 240: 239: 233: 229: 227: 226:Distributor(s) 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 195: 191: 190: 188: 187: 180: 173: 158: 135: 112: 85: 76: 74: 73:Parent company 70: 69: 66: 58: 57: 47: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6186: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6074: 6064: 6060: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5971:Ultra Records 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5937: 5934: 5932:Red Essential 5931: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5861: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5836:Sony Pictures 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5725:Milan Records 5723: 5721: 5718: 5714: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5669: 5663: 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5621:Key personnel 5619: 5615: 5608: 5603: 5601: 5596: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5585: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5564: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5522:1-56025-707-5 5519: 5515: 5514: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5493: 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4808:, p. 21. 4807: 4806:Dannen (1991) 4802: 4799: 4796:, p. 19. 4795: 4794:Dannen (1991) 4790: 4787: 4782: 4780:1-59863-141-1 4776: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4757: 4754: 4742: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4704: 4692: 4688: 4681: 4679: 4675: 4663: 4659: 4656:Eder, Bruce. 4652: 4649: 4636: 4633:Jurek, Thom. 4629: 4626: 4614: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4541: 4538: 4525: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4508: 4500: 4497: 4485: 4484:Rolling Stone 4481: 4475: 4472: 4459: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4408:Dannen (1991) 4404: 4402: 4398: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4367: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4341: 4329: 4325: 4318: 4315: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4251: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4236:9780262036238 4232: 4228: 4221: 4218: 4214:. p. 15. 4213: 4206: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4163: 4159: 4158:Dannen (1991) 4154: 4151: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4104: 4101: 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