158:: Prior to August 1960, from August 1960 to April 1961, from April 1961 to late 1961, from late 1961 to late 1962, and from late 1962 to late 1963. Fidel Castro survived over 600 assassination attempts, as well as attempts to end his political career in other ways. One of these attempts involved a chemical with comparable effects to the drug LSD sprayed in the air of the room where Castro would broadcast from his radio station, with the goal of making him lose composure and speak erratically while on air. While this example may not be as dangerous as an assassination, if successful, this attempt could have been damaging to Castro's career. Another early attempt relied on the knowledge that he loved diving. The CIA decided to create an infected diving suit that would kill Castro slowly, over a long period of time, by lining the suit with tuberculosis. The infected diving suit did not succeed. The plan was betrayed and Castro learned of the attempt.
331:
33:
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foreign
Communists operating in Cuba, up to $ 1 million for members of the Cuban government, and only $ 0.02 for Castro himself, which was meant "to denigrate" him in the eyes of the Cuban people. The top secret document which revealed the plan, which was never put into practice, was one of 2,800 related to the federal investigation of the Kennedy assassination, which were released as scheduled in October 2017.
264:
himself as Maheu's associate but who actually was the chief of the CIA's operational support division, was present during the meeting. The declassified documents did not reveal if
Roselli, Giancana or Trafficante accepted a down payment for the job. According to the CIA files, it was Giancana who suggested poison pills as a means to doctor Castro's food or drinks. Such pills, manufactured by the
475:
592:
198:
276:, the leader of the Cuban Exile Junta, who had, according to Trafficante, become "disaffected with the apparent ineffectual progress of the Junta". Verona requested US$ 10,000 in expenses and US$ 1,000 worth of communications equipment. However, the second assassination attempt was apparently thwarted when Castro stopped visiting the restaurant that had the
460:
The CIA in 1962 considered a plan called "Operation Bounty", which would have involved dropping leaflets over Cuba offering financial rewards to the Cuban population for the assassination of various individuals, including $ 5,000 to $ 20,000 for informants, $ 57,000 for department heads, $ 97,000 for
456:
When Castro travelled abroad, the CIA cooperated with Cuban exiles for some of the more serious assassination attempts. The last documented attempt on Castro's life was in 2000, and involved placing 90 kg of explosives under a podium in Panama where he would give a talk. Castro’s personal
263:
organization, who introduced himself as a representative of several international businesses in Cuba that were expropriated by Castro. On
September 14, 1960, Maheu met with Roselli in a New York City hotel and offered him US$ 150,000 for the "removal" of Castro. James O'Connell, who identified
571:
The Church
Committee rejected political assassination as a foreign policy tool and declared that it was "incompatible with American principle, international order, and morality." It recommended Congress to consider developing a statute to eradicate such or similar practices, which was never
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during decision-making related to assassinations, with CIA subordinates shielding higher-ranking officials from responsibility by withholding information. Government employees were obtaining tacit approval by using euphemisms in communications. Fidel Castro died in 2016 at the age of 90.
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Allegedly, after several unsuccessful attempts to introduce the poison into Castro's food, Orta abruptly demanded to be let out of the mission, handing over the job to another unnamed participant. Later, a second attempt was mounted through
Giancana, Roselli, and Trafficante using
70:
issued an
Executive Order banning political assassinations. In 2006, Fabián Escalante, former chief of Cuba's intelligence, stated that there had been 634 assassination schemes or attempts. The last known plot to assassinate Castro was by Cuban exiles in 2000.
302:, declassified documents revealed that US Attorney General Robert Kennedy hesitated to recruit the Mafia in assassination attempts on Castro due to his push against organized crime. When President Trump was asked about assassination attempts tied to
457:
security team discovered the explosives before he arrived. Castro once said, in regards to the numerous attempts on his life he believed had been made, "If surviving assassination attempts were an
Olympic event, I would win the gold medal."
357:, a retired chief of Cuba's counterintelligence, who had been tasked with protecting Castro, estimated the number of assassination schemes or actual attempts by the Central Intelligence Agency to be 638, a project code-named
250:
leader Santo
Trafficante, who were both on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list at that time, were indirectly contacted by the CIA about the possibility of Fidel Castro's assassination. Johnny Roselli, a member of the
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containing poison pills into his room. When Castro learned about her intentions, he reportedly gave her a gun and told her to kill him but her nerves failed. Some plots aimed not at murder but at
806:
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416:(Castro loved cigars and scuba diving, but he quit smoking in 1985), and plain, mafia-style execution endeavors, among others. There were also plans to blow up Castro during his visit to
712:"Alleged Plots Involving Foreign Leaders", U.S. Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, S. Rep. No. 755, 94th Cong., 2d sess.
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officials exerted a heavy pressure on the CIA to "get rid of Castro." It explains a staggering number of assassination plots, aiming at creating a favorable impression on
President
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operation, but five more CIA teams were sent, the last apprehended on a rooftop within rifle range of Castro, at the end of
February or beginning of March 1963. Attorney
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hearing told senators that the CIA had also contemplated using botulinum toxin to lace cigars to be delivered to Castro, but this plan never went forward.
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268:, were given to Giancana's nominee named Juan Orta. Giancana recommended Orta as being an official in the Cuban government, who had access to Castro.
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845:, vol. George Washington University National Security Archives Electronic Briefing Book No. 222, "The CIA's Family Jewels"
965:, pp. 106-107, United States Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities
1088:
1047:
745:
580:, which stated that "No employee of the United States government shall engage in, or conspire in, political assassination."
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declared that "no such activity or operations be undertaken, assisted, or suggested by any of our personnel." In 1975, the
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The Church Committee stated that it substantiated eight attempts by the CIA to assassinate Fidel Castro in 1960–1965.
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1284:"The US government planned to drop leaflets in Cuba encouraging people to kill Fidel Castro for just 2 cents"
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aimed at toppling the Cuban government. The assassination attempts reportedly included cigars poisoned with
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CIA Targets Fidel: Secret 1967 CIA Inspector General's Report on Plots to Assassinate Fidel Castro
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Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities
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814:
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150:. There were five phases in the assassination attempts, with planning involving the CIA, the
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claimed eight proven CIA assassination attempts between 1960 and 1965. In 1976, President
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boarding school; he began his political career while attending the School of Law of the
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1256:"The CIA offered big bucks to kill Cuban communists. For Fidel himself? Just two cents"
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that were declassified in 2007, one assassination attempt on Fidel Castro prior to the
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437:, whom he met in 1959. She agreed to aid the CIA and attempted to smuggle a jar of
433:, the British public-service television. One of these attempts was by his ex-lover
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and James O'Connell, to accompany Roselli to Miami to recruit the actual teams.
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178-10004-10213 Testimony of William Colby and Scott Breckinridge, Jr., 5/23/75
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to cause him disorientation during the broadcast and damage his public image.
438:
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818:
647:"Fidel Castro | Biography, Cause of Death, Brother, & Facts | Britannica"
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239:
1014:
Fidel Castro survived over 600 assassination attempts, Cuban spy chief said
231:. At least some of the CIA assassination attempts on Castro were given the
947:
255:, was used to get access to Mafia bosses. The go-between from the CIA was
197:
1661:
446:
1201:"The CIA has a long history of helping to kill leaders around the world"
807:"Fidel Castro 'knew Lee Harvey Oswald would assassinate John F Kennedy'"
449:
salts to destroy Castro's famous beard, or lacing his radio studio with
54:(CIA) made numerous unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Cuban leader
1069:
Fidel Castro: Dodging exploding seashells, poison pens and ex-lovers
90:. After World War II, the United States secretly became involved in
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329:
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196:
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673:"Can We Put the Leaders of the "Axis of Evil" in the Crosshairs?"
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and Cuban underworlds. The CIA assigned two operations officers,
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international political assassination attempts on foreign leaders
423:
In 2006, some of the plots were depicted in a documentary film.
1319:
1315:
1182:
Aston, Martin (November 23, 2006). "The Man Who Wouldn't Die".
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in Russia, he replied, "You think our country’s so innocent?"
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at the time, was identified as the team leader, who recruited
165:, the first CIA attempt to assassinate Castro was part of the
762:"How Castro survived 638 very cunning assassination attempts"
98:, and U.S. officials denied its existence. On March 5, 1972,
989:"Inside the CIA's Plot to Kill Fidel Castro—With Mafia Help"
842:
Memorandum for the Executive Director, Subject: John Roselli
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poison pills, and was cancelled due to the launching of the
1089:
Close but no cigar: how America failed to kill Fidel Castro
988:
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In September 1960, Momo Salvatore Giancana, a successor of
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found that the CIA and other agencies employed a tactic of
790:(June 18, 1971), "6 Attempts to Kill Castro laid to CIA",
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Some of them were a part of the covert CIA program dubbed
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According to Top Secret transcripts declassified in 2021,
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The Old Man and the CIA: A Kennedy Plot to Kill Castro?
408:-infected scuba-diving suit along with a booby-trapped
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archives.gov May 30, 1975. Retrieved December 3, 2022
1226:"The Castropedia: Fidel's Cuba in facts and figures"
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Assassination attempts on Cuban Leader Fidel Castro
914:Holland, Steve and Sullivan, Andy (June 27, 2007)
62:, sometimes in cooperation with the CIA. The 1975
916:CIA tried to get mafia to kill Castro: documents
1310:Executive Order No. 11,905, 3 C.F.R. 90 (1977).
1040:Executive Action: 634 Ways to Kill Fidel Castro
930:
928:
1723:Failed assassination attempts in North America
298:On October 26, 2017, during the presidency of
211:According to the CIA documents, the so-called
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8:
508:"CIA assassination attempts on Fidel Castro"
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839:Blanton, William, ed. (February 15, 1972),
740:. Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Ocean Press.
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1338:
1324:
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628:United States involvement in regime change
623:Foreign interventions by the United States
18:CIA Assassination attempts on Fidel Castro
677:Parameters, US Army War College Quarterly
559:Learn how and when to remove this message
958:
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1012:Brown, Stephen Rex (November 26, 2016)
638:
1728:Central Intelligence Agency operations
1064:
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1060:
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495:Please improve this article by adding
1087:Campbell, Duncan (November 26, 2016)
948:"CIA opens the book on a shady past."
7:
756:
754:
445:; they, for example, involved using
1159:Campbell, Duncan (August 3, 2006).
94:. This program was contrary to the
43:, in April 1959, shortly after the
1232:. January 17, 2007. Archived from
858:"CIA Plot to Kill Castro Detailed"
25:
266:CIA's Technical Services Division
219:involved noted American mobsters
181:, a gambler with contacts in the
590:
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100:Director of Central Intelligence
1199:MacAskill, Ewen (May 5, 2017).
946:Johnson, Alex (June 26, 2007).
905:, accessed on October 29, 2013.
805:Allen, Nick (March 19, 2012).
572:introduced. In 1976 President
58:. There were also attempts by
1:
1163:. London: The Laura Nuessbaum
856:Snow, Anita (June 27, 2007).
497:secondary or tertiary sources
412:placed on the sea bottom, an
1733:Cuba–United States relations
883:Trying to Kill Fidel Castro
719:September 21, 2013, at the
173:, who was working as a CIA
52:Central Intelligence Agency
1749:
1109:"The Plots to Kill Castro"
1042:. Melbourne: Ocean Press.
736:Escalante, Fabián (1996).
1161:"638 ways to kill Castro"
1142:October 17, 2014, at the
671:Pape, Matthew S. (2002).
1503:Fidel Castro Díaz-Balart
937:. CIA Archive, pp. 12–19
1682:Relationship with dairy
1572:638 Ways to Kill Castro
1540:Fidel: The Untold Story
1439:Death and state funeral
1382:History Will Absolve Me
683:(3): 64. Archived from
607:638 Ways to Kill Castro
443:character assassination
426:638 Ways to Kill Castro
341:meeting with President
206:Chicago crime syndicate
161:According to columnist
1645:Assassination attempts
1515:Alejandro Castro Espín
1485:Natalia Revuelta Clews
1420:Intervention in Angola
1029:Escalante Font, Fabián
484:relies excessively on
350:
327:
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183:Italian American Mafia
144:Kennedy administration
96:United Nations Charter
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1607:Fidel Castro Handbook
1599:The Real Fidel Castro
1376:26th of July Movement
864:. Washington, D.C. AP
578:Executive Order 11905
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152:Department of Defense
123:plausible deniability
113:, chaired by Senator
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1455:Ángel Castro y Argiz
1410:Cuban Missile Crisis
1405:Bay of Pigs Invasion
363:Dwight D. Eisenhower
282:Bay of Pigs Invasion
217:Bay of Pigs invasion
167:Bay of Pigs Invasion
88:University of Havana
1105:Epstein, Edward Jay
1075:(November 27, 2016)
887:The Washington Post
862:The Washington Post
811:The Daily Telegraph
768:. November 28, 2016
420:'s museum in Cuba.
253:Las Vegas Syndicate
187:William King Harvey
50:The United States'
1657:Awards and honours
1432:Transfer of duties
1292:. October 27, 2017
1264:. October 27, 2017
1135:(March 26, 2001).
651:www.britannica.com
398:Operation Mongoose
351:
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289:Scott Breckinridge
209:
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1564:Looking for Fidel
1479:Mirta Díaz-Balart
993:POLITICO Magazine
903:historyofcuba.com
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429:, which aired on
387:George H. W. Bush
371:Lyndon B. Johnson
339:George H. W. Bush
324:Lyndon B. Johnson
229:Santo Trafficante
16:(Redirected from
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1667:Eponymous things
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1461:Ramón Castro Ruz
1415:Machurucuto raid
1366:Cuban Revolution
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975:Summary of facts
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359:Executive Action
355:Fabián Escalante
349:in December 1975
293:Church Committee
233:CIA project name
193:Mafia engagement
156:State Department
119:Church Committee
64:Church Committee
45:Cuban Revolution
41:Washington, D.C.
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1497:Alina Fernández
1493:(sister-in-law)
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414:exploding cigar
402:botulinum toxin
367:John F. Kennedy
322:with President
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278:botulinum toxin
248:Miami Syndicate
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148:John F. Kennedy
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117:(D-Idaho). The
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549:September 2022
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406:Eumycota fungi
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310:Later attempts
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291:, in his 1975
274:Anthony Varona
244:Chicago Outfit
204:, head of the
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130:Early attempts
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84:Roman Catholic
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1234:the original
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379:Jimmy Carter
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300:Donald Trump
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225:Sam Giancana
221:John Roselli
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202:Sam Giancana
179:John Roselli
171:Robert Maheu
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115:Frank Church
80:Fidel Castro
78:
60:Cuban exiles
56:Fidel Castro
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37:Fidel Castro
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1491:Vilma Espín
1467:Raúl Castro
1400:Land reform
1395:Premiership
1296:October 28,
1268:October 28,
1185:Radio Times
1032: [
691:October 29,
598:Cuba portal
574:Gerald Ford
347:Oval Office
343:Gerald Ford
107:U.S. Senate
68:Gerald Ford
1712:Categories
1556:Comandante
1499:(daughter)
1427:Presidency
1361:Early life
1210:January 3,
1167:August 16,
1147:The Nation
1133:Russo, Gus
1048:1920888721
746:1875284907
634:References
519:newspapers
486:references
439:cold cream
242:'s in the
235:ZRRIFLE.
154:, and the
75:Background
1469:(brother)
1463:(brother)
950:NBC News,
899:Juan Orta
819:0307-1235
465:Reactions
431:Channel 4
337:Director
240:Al Capone
138:Director
82:attended
39:visiting
1672:Politics
1517:(nephew)
1475:(sister)
1457:(father)
1354:Timeline
1140:Archived
1121:: 60–63.
1038:(2006).
824:June 24,
766:triple j
717:Archived
584:See also
447:thallium
1697:(yacht)
1688:My Life
1511:(niece)
1487:(lover)
1390:Primacy
920:Reuters
576:signed
533:scholar
385:, 197;
377:, 184;
345:in the
259:of the
1695:Granma
1626:(2008)
1618:(2006)
1610:(2006)
1602:(2003)
1594:(1987)
1575:(2006)
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246:, and
175:cutout
1662:Birán
1638:Other
1583:Other
1548:Fidel
1532:Films
1505:(son)
1036:]
681:XXXII
540:JSTOR
526:books
410:conch
304:Putin
1298:2017
1270:2017
1242:2013
1212:2019
1169:2006
1044:ISBN
1000:2022
870:2014
826:2018
815:ISSN
774:2022
742:ISBN
693:2013
658:2022
512:news
404:, a
227:and
1073:BBC
714:PDF
488:to
451:LSD
335:CIA
136:CIA
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