49:, and a revised version was made public in 2006. Further revisions were published on 24 March 2009, 11 July 2011 and June 2018. An Annual Report on the implementation of CONTEST was released in March 2010 and in April 2014. The aim of the strategy is "to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests overseas from terrorism so that people can go about their lives freely and with confidence." The success of this strategy is not linked to total elimination of the terrorist threat, but to reducing the threat sufficiently to allow the citizens a normal life free from fear.
1942:
353:
CONTEST strategy. It particularly supports Pursue through its military capability to disrupt overseas terrorist groups and its support of overseas law enforcement and security agencies. Its support for conflict prevention work has also contributed to the CONTEST objectives. Work overseas is crucial to Pursue, as previous UK attack plots have had support from terrorists overseas, as well as UK individuals being radicalised while overseas. Working with international partners therefore attempts to disrupt the threat before it manifests itself in the UK.
732:
teaching being suspended and most schools and statutory agencies closing throughout the nationwide lockdown, there has been a marked decreased in the number of people referred to the
Prevent programme since restrictions were put in place. Whilst the full effect of COVID restrictions are yet to be seen, the police are encouraging schools to place an emphasis on safeguarding those most vulnerable and provide the resources necessary to help combat radicalisation grooming.
574:
obtained in order to assess risk, and may make a referral to a channel panel who suggest and prioritise referrals to other services. Involvement is voluntary and referred individuals can refuse to participate. If an individual refuses to participate and a risk is identified the police will be informed, and assessments can be made by a channel panel whether an individual chooses to participate or not.
996:
1876:
467:
Although there are specific terrorist offences which are criminalised in the UK, the prosecution process remains the same, and prosecutors are tried fairly through the mainstream criminal justice system. The Crown
Prosecution Service has a Special Crime and Counter Terrorism Division (SCCTD) to deal
55:
CONTEST is composed of the "four Ps" – prevent, pursue, protect, and prepare – which aim to reduce terrorism at all levels through: Preventing more people from being radicalised; Pursuing suspects operationally and legally; Protecting the public through security measures, and
Preparing to manage the
573:
Channel is a programme that seeks to reduce radicalisation by referring reported individuals to other services. People working in health or education are required by law to report individuals that meet certain criteria. A channel referral is a referral to the police, who continually use information
382:
Detection involves gaining specific reliable information and evidence. This may require the use of various surveillance methods such as hacking for digital information, or human surveillance through undercover policing. There are specific powers which can be utilised for these purposes, such as the
352:
Government departments and agencies work collaboratively to disrupt terrorist activity. Counter-terrorism policing, MI5, and wider intelligence work together closely to investigate, detect, and disrupt terrorism, alongside the
Criminal Justice System. The Ministry of Defence is a key contributor to
375:
Pursue is becoming increasingly complex as the threat of terrorism continues to diversify. Between 1 January and 31 December 2022, 169 persons were arrested for terrorism related activity, with 232 persons held in custody for terrorism-connected offences. From 2017 to July 2023, MI5 and the police
252:
Schools are valuable in providing the educational dimension of the
Prevent duty through the Citizenship lessons on the National Curriculum. Since July 2015, schools also have a legal responsibility to have "due regard to the need to prevent people from being drawn into terrorism" under the Prevent
731:
There is growing concern over the link of the COVID-19 pandemic and a greater risk of radicalisation. Due to social isolation and increased reliance on the internet, there are concerns over the potential grooming, and later radicalisation, of vulnerable young people. As a result of face-to-face
456:
introduced further established terrorist offences including the encouragement of terrorism, preparation of terrorist acts and terrorist training, and offences involving radioactive devices and materials and nuclear facilities and sites. An example of this is 19-year-old
Matthew King who pleaded
405:
a suspect can be detained for a maximum of 14 day before being charged, compared to the maximum of four days under standard arrest powers. This allows more time for police to investigate and gather evidence in relation to the potential terrorism offences. Additional powers allow a senior police
363:
must be considered when using broader powers for terrorism investigations. The
Secretary of State must be satisfied that the information obtained could not reasonably have been obtained by any other means. The intelligence gain must be sufficiently great to justify an intrusion, as well as any
304:
The aim of Pursue is to stop terrorist attacks happening in the UK or against UK interests overseas. The main objectives of Pursue are to detect, understand, investigate, and disrupt terrorist activity. There are multiple types of terrorists that are being pursued under this system, including:
348:
work with MI5 to develop intelligence, and with the Crown
Prosecution Service to put compelling evidence before the courts. The public can also support law enforcement to pursue potential terrorist activity through calling the anti-terrorist hotline. Action Counters Terrorism (ACT) encourages
487:
The purpose of
Protect is to strengthen protection against terrorist attacks in the UK or its interests overseas and thus reduce vulnerability. The main areas of focus include borders and aviation, other transport systems, Critical National Infrastructure, crowded public places and access to
75:
Impact includes the
Prepare arm. In order to manage the initial response and minimise periods of disruption all emergency services are specifically trained in terrorist response and special technology has been developed, such as decontamination trucks and increasingly resilient communication
533:
The purpose of Prepare is to mitigate the impact of a terrorist attack in an event whereby that attack cannot be stopped. Prepare includes bringing a terrorist attack to an end quickly, preventing its spread, and increasing the UK's resilience to enable rapid recovery in its aftermath.
520:
permits examination officers to stop, question, search, and detain anyone transiting through ports, airports, and international rail stations, with the purpose of determining whether those concerned have been involved in the commission, preparation, or instigation of acts of terrorism.
491:
The process works by first recognising the threats and then identifying the measures to reduce risks. An example of 'Protect' are the large bollards places strategically around busy city centres, and especially on bridges, to prevent the rise of vehicle-based attacks such as the
1022:
662:
where it requires staff to report possible signs of extremism or radicalization between primary and nursery school-aged children, following several high-profile cases where the provision was inappropriately used about the Prevent strategy. The Bill did not become law.
596:
stated that the strategy is "recognised by our allies to be world-leading in its wide-ranging nature, leaves us better prepared and strengthened in our ability to ensure all peace-loving people of this country can live normally, with confidence and free from fear."
1051:
468:
with the prosecution of terrorism cases. In 2021 Greer emphasised why this process is significant stating that it "... offers the best prospects of securing the legitimacy of counterterrorist law enforcement and of maintaining public confidence in it."
666:
In 2017, two brothers, aged seven and five, were paid damages after they were reported to the Prevent programme after telling a teacher they had been given toy guns. The children had been kept from parents for two hours. After a legal challenge, the
478:
The Counter-Extremism Strategy was published by the UK Government in 2015 and focuses on disrupting extremism, as well as extremists' rehabilitation and reintegration into society. This is an example of the punishment and control elements of Pursue.
686:
as potentially harmful. Students were instructed not to download the article on personal devices and not to leave the article where it could be visible "inadvertently or otherwise, by those who are not prepared to view it". In March 2019, the
229:
The purpose of Prevent is to stop people from becoming terrorists or terrorist sympathisers. Prevent includes countering terrorist ideology and challenging those who promote it, supporting individuals who are especially vulnerable to becoming
2312:
643:, the union members voted overwhelmingly against the Prevent strategy. They supported its abolition, citing concerns over the implementation of the strategy and causing "suspicion in the classroom and confusion in the staff room."
1367:
Mr. Butt and his brother were also involved in the British program Prevent, which seeks to stop people from becoming terrorists or supporting terrorism, and which refers people suspected of radicalization to programs led by the
464:. He has since pleaded guilty to preparing acts of terrorism by travelling to Turkey to join IS in Syria, as well as being charged with being a member of the proscribed group, IS, and receiving training in the use of firearms.
417:
allows the Home Secretary to proscribe an organisation if they are concerned in terrorism. This means the organisation commits or participates in acts of terrorism, prepares for terrorism, promotes, or encourages terrorism.
356:
An important element of Pursue is the independent oversight regime, which scrutinises the significant powers and tools used to stop potential terrorist attacks, ensuring they are used proportionately and appropriately.
1094:
1075:
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officer to delay a suspect's access to a solicitor and/or contact with a named person. This is authorised if they believe that exercising this right may result in any of the consequences listed in section 41 of the
524:
The Authority to Carry Scheme 2023 prevents certain individuals travelling to or from the UK when it is necessary in the public interest, in order to prevent or disrupt those who pose a terrorism-related threat.
1132:
1113:
544:
in response to an attack, deploy a systemised, effective and co-ordinated multi agency response, using specialist and non-specialist capabilities to save lives, mitigate harm, and prevent further attacks
71:
Vulnerability covers Protecting the critical infrastructure and public of the UK, for example ensuring steel lockable cockpit doors on all civilian airliners to prevent hijackers from taking control of
475:
contains more powers to aid the UK's response to the threat of terrorism; in relation to Pursue it enhances the ability of operational agencies to monitor and control actions of those posing a threat.
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1923:
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1289:
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individuals to report suspicious activity which could be related to terrorism through online reporting, or by contacting the police in confidence on their dedicated phone number.
256:
In 2020, 6,287 people were referred to Prevent. Of these, 1,424 were referred to Channel and 697 were taken on as cases for Channel. 43% of the cases taken on by Channel were for
2503:
1310:
1738:
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1156:
2765:
2601:
1341:
1248:
272:
68:
Likelihood encompasses the Prevent and Pursue arms, and is understood to prevail when terrorists are imprisoned and so unable to radicalise the next generation.
807:
2477:
1984:
555:
1321:
713:
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The August 2018 strategy reportedly puts more focus on ways of prevention and how to best alert the public to terrorist threats. In an article written for
365:
618:
2627:
2214:
368:
ensures that investigatory techniques are used in a way that is compatible with the Article 8 right to respect for private and family life, as in the
421:
Proscription must be proportionate, which means the following factors must be taken into account when deciding whether to proscribe an organisation:
398:. This provides legal protection against unauthorised disclosure of information and espionage, and protest certain tactics of information gathering.
1662:
1434:
659:
472:
243:
1185:
1409:
64:
CONTEST has thus far survived to its seventh Prime Minister largely due to its risk equation, that: risk = likelihood × vulnerability × impact.
2420:
1396:
On Saturday an 18-year-old man, who the BBC has learnt had previously been referred to an anti-extremist programme, was arrested in Dover port.
745:
621:
were also critical of the Prevent programme in 2010, stating that it stigmatised and alienated the Muslims the government wanted to work with.
2652:
1311:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/439598/prevent-duty-departmental-advice-v6.pdf
391:, such as targeted interception, which involves requesting a warrant from the Secretary of State to intercept transmission of communications.
2770:
954:
338:
2575:
1486:
761:
2760:
688:
369:
2189:
795:
413:
There are a number of extremist groups which are banned under UK law, as part of the counter-terrorist legislation. Section 3 of the
2556:
1224:
712:, had been wrongly included on an official list of extremist organisations whose members should be reported to the authorities. The
691:
found that the Prevent guidance on inviting controversial speakers at universities was unlawfully unbalanced and must be rewritten.
294:
2679:
764:, as an exemplar for interdepartmental cooperation for tackling major threats, and a paradigm for how governments should tackle
379:
Within Pursue there are different elements of strategy involved: detection, prosecution, punishment, control, and disruption.
1164:
2118:
550:
adapt and improve by identifying and sharing learning from research, training, testing, exercising and previous incidents.
388:
331:
246:
created a positive duty for those working in education or health to report those who they deem at risk of radicalization.
1333:
1322:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/439598/prevent-duty-departmental-advice-v6.pdf
668:
554:
The public should follow Prepare advice on the nature of terrorist threats overseas, which is communicated through the
249:
As of February 2015, all National Health Service (NHS) staff are required to undergo basic Prevent Awareness Training.
1941:
394:
There is information related to security and intelligence, and special investigation powers which is protected by the
317:
283:
2371:
863:
815:
636:
441:
Between 2018 and 2023 there have been six terrorist groups proscribed, including extreme right-wing groups such as
345:
1262:
1023:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, England and Wales, April 2020 to March 2021"
765:
493:
395:
279:
2142:
2344:
773:
610:
321:
20:
655:
1950:
2755:
2091:
647:
970:
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enable recovery, including long-term care of victims and survivors and the mitigation of any ongoing hazard
234:, and working with sectors and institutions where the risk of radicalisation is assessed to be high. The
1356:
717:
675:
629:
446:
360:
287:
561:
One example of Prepare is the improved protection implemented for UK tourists in Tunisia following the
512:
identify and manage individuals and goods of terrorist concern through the migration and border system.
437:
The need to support other members of the international community in the global fight against terrorism.
720:
were highly critical of the error, and Extinction Rebellion said they were considering legal action.
701:
671:
admitted the children's human rights were breached and they had been racially discriminated against.
257:
2446:
1829:
2317:
1186:"Counter-radicalisation (3): A disarming approach: Can the beliefs that feed terrorism be changed?"
796:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/97994/contest-summary.pdf
562:
442:
2039:
2715:"Sommet pour un nouveau pacte financier mondial - 22 et 23 juin 2023 - Paris - Palais Brongniart"
2295:
1242:
517:
461:
453:
414:
407:
402:
384:
1786:
1052:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2019 to March 2020"
997:"Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2021 to March 2022"
1230:
1220:
950:
606:
590:
506:
reduce the vulnerability of public venues, transport, and out Critical National Infrastructure
457:
guilty to the preparation of terrorist acts, and has now been sentenced to life imprisonment.
327:
261:
34:
2168:
1134:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2015 to March 2016
1115:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2016 to March 2017
1096:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent Programme, April 2017 to March 2018
1691:
1611:
1533:
235:
2695:
Fiona Hill: We need a CONTEST strategy for climate | Summit for a New Global Financing Pact
1764:
541:
build proportionate responses to a range of attack methodologies, wherever they might occur
1855:
880:"CONTEST: The United Kingdom’s Strategy for Countering Terrorism". Home Office. July 2011.
772:. Hill was speaking at an official summit side event convened by Community Jameel and the
741:
614:
2504:"Telford MP Lucy Allan tables Parliamentary bill over school counter-terrorism measures"
2120:
Tackling Terrorism in Britain: Threats, Responses and Challenges Twenty Years After 9/11
1963:
1902:
1717:
924:
558:
travel advice and advice on how to safely respond in the event of a terrorist incident.
2714:
2531:"Council admits racially discriminating against two boys over Prevent toy gun referral"
2010:
1807:
1361:
893:(Online training material). College of Policing & Metropolitan Police Service. 2014
769:
757:
749:
709:
705:
410:, for example sending out a dangerous message which may instigate an act of terrorism.
239:
30:
509:
reduce the ability of terrorists to access and use materials and technology of concern
2749:
2313:"British hotels are vulnerable to Mumbai-style attacks, anti-terrorist officers warn"
1190:
890:
2740:
1985:"Information from the public results in teenager being jailed for terrorism offence"
316:
Domestic terrorist groups, such as Islamist movements in London responsible for the
2349:
2239:
1946:
1439:
696:
683:
625:
593:
584:
674:
Prevent has also been accused of reducing academic freedom. In November 2018, the
2278:
Channel Duty Guidance: Protecting people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism
836:
1269:
1160:
811:
753:
651:
460:
In 2021 Shabazz Suleman was arrested and charged with terror offences under the
364:
unavoidable collateral intrusion against individuals other than the target. The
231:
42:
38:
1410:"Parsons Green terror suspect 'was reported to counter terror unit months ago'"
2693:
2421:"Prevent gives people permission to hate Muslims – it has no place in schools"
2065:
1234:
613:, as a domestic spying programme collecting intelligence about the beliefs of
383:
specific power of arrest on suspicion of a terrorist, under section 41 of the
271:
An independent review of Prevent was announced in August 2019 as part of the
2397:
723:
In 2024, Amnesty International began a campaign for Prevent to be scrapped.
1214:
1077:
Individuals referred to and supported through the Prevent programme (2019)
1585:
1559:
1515:
841:
640:
310:
2680:"CTP Warn About Greater Risk of Radicalisation During COVID-19 Lockdown"
282:
and his brother were involved with Prevent. The perpetrator of the 2017
52:
The definition of 'Terrorism' is set out within the Terrorism Act 2000.
2628:"Extinction Rebellion could sue police over extremist ideology listing"
1435:"Police investigate whether David Amess specially targeted for killing"
1380:
1357:"Questions on U.K. Policing Mount as 3rd London Attacker Is Identified"
1487:"CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism 2023"
1216:
CONTEST : the United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism
2602:"Terrorism police list Extinction Rebellion as extremist ideology"
2478:"Teachers back motion calling for Prevent strategy to be scrapped"
2741:
Countering International Terrorism: The United Kingdom's Strategy
1877:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) PACE – Code H, Annex B"
777:
716:
later said that after review, the document was being withdrawn.
46:
337:
Hostile nation states, for example Russia's involvement in the
1636:
2576:"UK's Prevent guidance to universities unlawful, court rules"
2040:"Man from High Wycombe admits travelling to Syria to join IS"
2345:"We are about to take the war against terror to a new level"
624:
Prevent has been criticised as legitimising and reinforcing
1534:"Manchester attack: 22 dead and 59 hurt in suicide bombing"
503:
reduce physical risk to people as they go about their lives
238:
programme is known as Channel. It is led by the police and
2653:"The Prevent duty and its chilling effect on human rights"
286:
had been referred to Prevent. The perpetrator in the 2021
2011:"Islamist terror plot teen will serve at least six years"
740:
At the Summit for a New Global Financing Pact chaired by
56:
response to mitigate the impact of an inevitable attack.
2557:"University alerts students to danger of leftwing essay"
2372:"Government anti-terrorism strategy 'spies' on innocent"
1309:
Department of Education, 'The Prevent Duty,' June 2015,
431:
The specific threat posed to British nationals overseas
253:
duty and Child Protection and Safeguarding guidelines.
2092:"Special Crime and Counter Terrorism Division (SCCTD)"
1381:"Parsons Green bombing: Third arrest over Tube attack"
778:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
744:
in Paris on 22–23 June 2023, CONTEST was presented by
330:, for example Darren Osbourne, the perpetrator of the
2398:"Prevent extremism strategy 'stigmatising', warn MPs"
425:
The nature and scale of the organisation's activities
2529:
Esther Addley, Alexandra Topping (27 January 2017).
1739:"Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA)"
1334:"Lord Carlile to lead independent review of Prevent"
1157:"The four Ps: Pursue, Prevent, Protect, and Prepare"
949:. London: C Hurst & Company Publishers Limited.
434:
The extent of the organisation's presence in the UK
1949:work. Licensed under Open Government Licence v3 (
2600:Dodd, Vikram; Grierson, Jamie (10 January 2020).
1828:Everett, Michael; Maer, Lucinda; Bartlett, Gail.
1516:"7 July London bombings: What happened that day?"
605:The 'Prevent' strategy was criticised in 2009 by
1830:"The Official Secrets Acts and Official Secrecy"
971:"Individuals referred to Prevent: to March 2023"
2123:(1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 171
2034:
2032:
1924:"Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations"
1355:Chan, Sewell; Erlanger, Steven (6 June 2017).
273:Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019
1718:"Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000"
1263:"Prevent Training and Competencies Framework"
8:
1945: This article incorporates text from a
1586:"Russian spy poisoning: What we know so far"
556:Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
266:Reclaim Radical – Radical versus Radicalised
1560:"Finsbury Park attack: What we know so far"
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
864:"Counter-terrorism strategy (CONTEST) 2018"
376:have disrupted 39 late stage attack plots.
366:Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
45:in early 2003 as the immediate response to
1481:
1479:
1477:
1247:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
619:Communities and Local Government Committee
320:, and further attacks in 2017 such as the
89:
2169:"Counter Terrorism and Security Act 2015"
2066:"Terrorism The Crown Prosecution Service"
1953:). Text taken from the prior source, .
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1213:Great Britain. Home Office (2018-06-04).
341:, also known as the Salisbury Poisonings.
309:International terrorist groups, such as
2776:Islamic terrorism in the United Kingdom
2297:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
1856:"Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984"
788:
660:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
617:not involved in criminal activity. The
537:The main objectives of Prepare are to:
499:The main objectives of Protect are to:
473:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
244:Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
2766:Counterterrorism in the United Kingdom
1240:
1151:
1149:
1147:
808:"About the counter-terrorism strategy"
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
1765:"European Convention on Human Rights"
1046:
1044:
339:Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
7:
2143:"Counter-Terrorism and Security Act"
1408:Anthony Pearce (19 September 2017).
680:Our Morals: The Ethics of Revolution
2555:Courea, Eleni (November 11, 2018).
837:"Thousands getting terror training"
428:The specific threat posed to the UK
370:European Convention on Human Rights
2396:Dominic Casciani (30 March 2010).
264:. A film associated with Prevent,
14:
2117:Greer, Steven (15 October 2021).
714:South East Counter Terrorism Unit
2626:Dodd, Vikram (11 January 2020).
2563:– via www.theguardian.com.
2476:Adams, Richard (28 March 2016).
2311:Hope, Christopher (2009-03-21).
2215:"Authority to Carry Scheme 2023"
1940:
1344:from the original on 2019-08-12.
387:. Additionally those within the
295:Fixated Threat Assessment Centre
2419:Qurashi, Fahid (4 April 2016).
2370:Vikram Dodd (16 October 2009).
2240:"Tunisia attack: What happened"
2149:. Home Office. 12 February 2015
2098:. The Crown Prosecution Service
2072:. The Crown Prosecution Service
1787:"Investigatory Powers Act 2016"
977:. Home Office. 14 December 2023
2574:Gayle, Damien (8 March 2019).
2445:Nabulsi, Karma (18 May 2017).
1297:www.teachingcitizenship.org.uk
1:
1834:commons library.parliament.uk
488:sensitive state information.
389:Investigatory Powers Act 2016
332:2017 Finsbury Park van attack
37:strategy, first developed by
16:UK counter-terrorism strategy
2771:Home Office (United Kingdom)
2678:Adams, Nik (22 April 2020).
2343:Brown, Gordon (2009-03-22).
2190:"Counter-Extremism Strategy"
1951:license statement/permission
669:Central Bedfordshire Council
658:to repeal provisions in the
91:Prevent referrals each year
1808:"Official Secrets Act 1989"
1637:"Action Counters Terrorism"
891:"Channel General Awareness"
776:at the headquarters of the
708:campaign group promoted by
318:7 July 2005 London bombings
284:Parsons Green train bombing
2792:
2761:2006 in the United Kingdom
2484:. Brighton, United Kingdom
1989:Counter Terrorism Policing
1836:. House of Commons Library
1663:"Oversight and Safeguards"
1616:Counter Terrorism Policing
637:National Union of Teachers
346:Counter Terrorism Policing
292:
18:
2719:nouveaupactefinancier.org
766:international development
494:2017 London Bridge attack
396:Official Secrets Act 1989
290:was referred to Prevent.
280:2017 London Bridge attack
2447:"Don't Go to the Doctor"
1692:"Gathering Intelligence"
774:Islamic Development Bank
678:highlighted the article
401:Under section 41 of the
322:Manchester Arena bombing
268:, was released in 2017.
632:for Muslims in the UK.
2451:London Review of Books
2300:. pp. 36 4(e)(i).
2284:. UK Government. 2020.
1698:. Security Service MI5
646:In June 2016, the MPs
945:Omand, David (2011).
718:Amnesty International
676:University of Reading
656:private member's bill
639:' 2016 conference in
630:freedom of expression
447:The Base (hate group)
361:Proportionality (law)
288:murder of David Amess
1964:"Terrorism Act 2006"
925:"Terrorism Act 2000"
702:Extinction Rebellion
258:right wing extremism
19:For other uses, see
2318:The Daily Telegraph
1903:"Terrorism Act 200"
1767:. Council of Europe
1641:act.campaign.gov.uk
563:2015 Sousse attacks
443:Atomwaffen Division
92:
2657:www.amnesty.org.uk
1340:. 12 August 2019.
1290:"The Prevent Duty"
947:Securing the State
518:Terrorism Act 2000
516:Schedule 7 of the
462:Terrorism Act 2000
454:Terrorism Act 2006
415:Terrorism Act 2000
408:Terrorism Act 2000
403:Terrorism Act 2000
385:Terrorism Act 2000
278:The leader of the
90:
956:978-1-84904-188-1
870:. 20 August 2018.
736:In other contexts
706:climate emergency
694:In January 2020,
607:Shami Chakrabarti
591:UK Prime Minister
328:Lone wolf attacks
262:Islamic extremism
227:
226:
35:counter-terrorism
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2384:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2321:. Archived from
2308:
2302:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2273:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1667:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1491:
1483:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1238:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1163:. Archived from
1153:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
967:
961:
960:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
921:
902:
901:
899:
898:
887:
881:
878:
872:
871:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
833:
827:
826:
824:
823:
814:. Archived from
804:
798:
793:
628:and restricting
242:mentors. The UK
236:deradicalisation
93:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2732:
2723:
2721:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2659:. 13 March 2024
2651:
2650:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2539:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2513:
2511:
2508:Shropshire Star
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2355:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2195:. HM Government
2192:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2049:
2047:
2046:. 14 April 2023
2038:
2037:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1643:. HM Government
1635:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1496:. HM Government
1489:
1485:
1484:
1455:
1446:
1444:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1239:
1227:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
995:
994:
990:
980:
978:
969:
968:
964:
957:
944:
943:
939:
929:
927:
923:
922:
905:
896:
894:
889:
888:
884:
879:
875:
862:
861:
857:
848:
846:
835:
834:
830:
821:
819:
806:
805:
801:
794:
790:
786:
742:Emmanuel Macron
738:
729:
689:Court of Appeal
615:British Muslims
603:
580:
571:
531:
485:
302:
297:
110:
105:
100:
88:
83:
62:
39:Sir David Omand
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:2006 documents
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2736:
2735:External links
2733:
2731:
2730:
2706:
2685:
2670:
2644:
2618:
2592:
2566:
2547:
2521:
2510:. 7 March 2017
2495:
2468:
2437:
2411:
2388:
2362:
2335:
2303:
2287:
2257:
2246:. 29 June 2015
2231:
2206:
2181:
2160:
2134:
2109:
2083:
2057:
2028:
2002:
1976:
1955:
1915:
1894:
1868:
1847:
1820:
1799:
1778:
1756:
1730:
1709:
1683:
1654:
1628:
1603:
1592:. 7 March 2018
1577:
1566:. 19 June 2017
1551:
1525:
1522:. 3 July 2015.
1507:
1453:
1426:
1400:
1372:
1362:New York Times
1347:
1325:
1314:
1302:
1281:
1254:
1225:
1205:
1194:. 2 April 2016
1177:
1143:
1140:. Home Office.
1124:
1105:
1102:. Home office.
1086:
1083:. Home Office.
1067:
1040:
1014:
988:
962:
955:
937:
903:
882:
873:
855:
828:
799:
787:
785:
782:
770:climate change
762:prime minister
758:home secretary
750:chief of staff
737:
734:
728:
725:
710:Greta Thunberg
700:reported that
609:, director of
602:
599:
579:
576:
570:
567:
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
530:
527:
514:
513:
510:
507:
504:
484:
481:
439:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
343:
342:
335:
325:
314:
301:
298:
240:liberal Muslim
225:
224:
221:
218:
215:
211:
210:
207:
204:
201:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
87:
84:
82:
79:
78:
77:
73:
69:
61:
58:
31:United Kingdom
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2788:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2742:
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2738:
2734:
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2645:
2633:
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2603:
2596:
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2581:
2577:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2536:
2532:
2525:
2522:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2483:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2412:
2399:
2392:
2389:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2325:on 2009-03-22
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2270:
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2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2216:
2210:
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2185:
2182:
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2164:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2138:
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2121:
2113:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2017:. 2 June 2023
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1991:. 2 June 2023
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1930:. Home Office
1929:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1883:. Home Office
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1745:. Home Office
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1672:. Home Office
1671:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1540:. 23 May 2017
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1495:
1488:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1415:
1414:Yahoo News UK
1411:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:9781528602099
1222:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1191:The Economist
1187:
1181:
1178:
1167:on 2009-07-11
1166:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1029:. Home Office
1028:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1003:. Home Office
1002:
998:
992:
989:
976:
972:
966:
963:
958:
952:
948:
941:
938:
926:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
904:
892:
886:
883:
877:
874:
869:
865:
859:
856:
844:
843:
838:
832:
829:
818:on 2009-02-17
817:
813:
809:
803:
800:
797:
792:
789:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
735:
733:
726:
724:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:
692:
690:
685:
682:by Professor
681:
677:
672:
670:
664:
661:
657:
654:introduced a
653:
649:
644:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
600:
598:
595:
592:
588:
586:
577:
575:
568:
566:
564:
559:
557:
549:
546:
543:
540:
539:
538:
535:
528:
526:
522:
519:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
495:
489:
482:
480:
476:
474:
469:
465:
463:
458:
455:
450:
448:
444:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
423:
422:
419:
416:
411:
409:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
380:
377:
373:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
307:
306:
299:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
254:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
108:
103:
98:
95:
94:
85:
80:
74:
70:
67:
66:
65:
59:
57:
53:
50:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:
2709:
2699:, retrieved
2694:
2688:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2656:
2647:
2635:. Retrieved
2632:The Guardian
2631:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2606:The Guardian
2605:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2580:The Guardian
2579:
2569:
2561:The Observer
2560:
2550:
2540:18 September
2538:. Retrieved
2535:The Guardian
2534:
2524:
2512:. Retrieved
2507:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:The Guardian
2481:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2454:
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2425:The Guardian
2424:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2376:The Guardian
2375:
2365:
2354:. Retrieved
2350:The Observer
2348:
2338:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2316:
2306:
2296:
2290:
2277:
2248:. Retrieved
2243:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2146:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2119:
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2095:
2086:
2074:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2043:
2019:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1958:
1947:free content
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1880:
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1742:
1733:
1721:. Retrieved
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1563:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1493:
1445:. Retrieved
1443:. 2021-10-16
1440:The Guardian
1438:
1429:
1419:20 September
1417:. Retrieved
1413:
1403:
1395:
1390:19 September
1388:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1366:
1360:
1350:
1337:
1328:
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