61:
Scientists have also begun exploring the mechanics of the CRISPR/Cas system and what governs how good, or active, a gRNA is at directing the Cas nuclease to a specific location of the genome of interest. As a result of this work, new methods of assessing a gRNA for its 'activity' have been published,
57:
Designing an appropriate gRNA is an important element of genome editing with the CRISPR/Cas system. A gRNA can and at times does have unintended interactions ("off-targets") with other locations of the genome of interest. For a given candidate gRNA, these tools report its list of potential
1177:
Xiang X, Corsi, GI, Anthon C, Qu K, Pan X, Liang X, Han P, Dong Z, Liu L, Zhong J, Ma T, Wang J, Zhang X, Jiang H, Xu F, Liu X, Xu X, Wang J, Yang H, Bolund L, Church GM, Lin L, Gorodkin J, Luo Y (May 2021).
703:
42:
The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated nucleases) system was originally discovered to be an acquired immune response mechanism used by
2135:
Wilson LO, Reti D, O'Brien AR, Dunne RA, Bauer DC (April 2018). "High
Activity Target-Site Identification Using Phenotypic Independent CRISPR-Cas9 Core Functionality".
194:
62:
and it is now best practice to consider both the unintended interactions of a gRNA as well as the predicted activity of a gRNA at the design stage.
1955:
446:
707:
2122:
521:
302:
1380:"Cas-OFFinder: a fast and versatile algorithm that searches for potential off-target sites of Cas9 RNA-guided endonucleases"
1290:"Enhanced CRISPR/Cas9-mediated precise genome editing by improved design and delivery of gRNA, Cas9 nuclease, and donor DNA"
58:
off-targets in the genome thereby allowing the designer to evaluate its suitability prior to embarking on any experiments.
2327:
2172:"VARSCOT: variant-aware detection and scoring enables sensitive and personalized off-target detection for CRISPR-Cas9"
745:
1692:"Evaluation of off-target and on-target scoring algorithms and integration into the guide RNA selection tool CRISPOR"
101:
1898:"CRISPRseek: a bioconductor package to identify target-specific guide RNAs for CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing systems"
1023:
230:
2073:""Off-Spotter": very fast and exhaustive enumeration of genomic lookalikes for designing CRISPR/Cas guide RNAs"
338:
2332:
950:
1484:
Pedersen LE, Ronda C, Hansen HG, Kallehauge TB, Betenbaugh MJ, Nielsen AT, Kildegaard HF (August 2014).
1847:
Moreno-Mateos MA, Vejnar CE, Beaudoin JD, Fernandez JP, Mis EK, Khokha MK, Giraldez AJ (October 2015).
631:
1909:
1546:
1440:
1191:
410:
51:
2262:
374:
1973:
Perez AR, Pritykin Y, Vidigal JA, Chhangawala S, Zamparo L, Leslie CS, Ventura A (April 2017).
1741:
Hsu PD, Scott DA, Weinstein JA, Ran FA, Konermann S, Agarwala V, et al. (September 2013).
667:
2303:
2254:
2203:
2152:
2104:
2053:
2004:
1937:
1878:
1829:
1780:
1723:
1690:
Haeussler M, Schönig K, Eckert H, Eschstruth A, Mianné J, Renaud JB, et al. (July 2016).
1672:
1623:
1574:
1515:
1466:
1409:
1360:
1331:"Breaking-Cas-interactive design of guide RNAs for CRISPR-Cas experiments for ENSEMBL genomes"
1311:
1270:
1219:
1159:
1107:
842:
2280:
Hodgkins A, Farne A, Perera S, Grego T, Parry-Smith DJ, Skarnes WC, Iyer V (September 2015).
1329:
Oliveros JC, Franch M, Tabas-Madrid D, San-León D, Montoliu L, Cubas P, Pazos F (July 2016).
1076:
Doench JG, Hartenian E, Graham DB, Tothova Z, Hegde M, Smith I, et al. (December 2014).
2293:
2244:
2234:
2193:
2183:
2144:
2094:
2084:
2043:
2035:
1994:
1986:
1927:
1917:
1868:
1860:
1819:
1811:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1713:
1703:
1662:
1654:
1613:
1605:
1564:
1554:
1505:
1497:
1456:
1448:
1399:
1391:
1350:
1342:
1301:
1260:
1250:
1209:
1199:
1149:
1141:
1097:
1089:
266:
158:
449:
806:
1800:"CRISPRdirect: software for designing CRISPR/Cas guide RNA with reduced off-target sites"
1913:
1550:
1444:
1429:"Genome engineering in the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata using the CRISPR-Cas9 system"
1195:
1180:"Enhancing CRISPR-Cas9 gRNA efficiency prediction by data integration and deep learning"
1130:"Unraveling CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering parameters via a library-on-library approach"
2249:
2222:
2198:
2171:
2099:
2072:
2048:
2023:
1999:
1974:
1932:
1897:
1873:
1848:
1824:
1799:
1775:
1742:
1718:
1691:
1667:
1642:
1618:
1593:
1569:
1534:
1510:
1485:
1461:
1428:
1404:
1379:
1355:
1330:
1265:
1238:
1214:
1179:
1154:
1129:
1102:
1077:
23:
2321:
2266:
782:
2298:
2281:
2039:
1815:
1395:
1078:"Rational design of highly active sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene inactivation"
774:
595:
2239:
1306:
1289:
1922:
1849:"CRISPRscan: designing highly efficient sgRNAs for CRISPR-Cas9 targeting in vivo"
1559:
1239:"CRISPR-Cas9 off-targeting assessment with nucleic acid duplex energy parameters"
2223:"GuideMaker: Software to design CRISPR-Cas guide RNA pools in non-model genomes"
1535:"CCTop: An Intuitive, Flexible and Reliable CRISPR/Cas9 Target Prediction Tool"
1204:
2188:
2089:
1708:
1643:"CHOPCHOP v2: a web tool for the next generation of CRISPR genome engineering"
1255:
485:
2148:
122:
Center for non-coding RNA in
Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen
27:
2307:
2258:
2207:
2156:
2123:"Synthego’s genetic toolkit aims to make CRISPR more accessible | May 2017"
2108:
2057:
2008:
1975:"GuideScan software for improved single and paired CRISPR guide RNA design"
1941:
1882:
1833:
1784:
1727:
1676:
1627:
1578:
1519:
1470:
1413:
1364:
1315:
1274:
1223:
1163:
1111:
1766:
1658:
1609:
1427:
Enkler L, Richer D, Marchand AL, Ferrandon D, Jossinet F (October 2016).
1346:
786:
778:
47:
1956:"Desktop Genetics Announces the Launch of DeskGen Gene Editing Platform"
1533:
Stemmer M, Thumberger T, Del Sol Keyer M, Wittbrodt J, Mateo JL (2015).
16:
Computer software that aids design of guide RNAs for CRISPR gene editing
1864:
1486:"Accelerating genome editing in CHO cells using CRISPR Cas9 and CRISPy"
1145:
790:
43:
1501:
1452:
988:
United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service
469:
NGG, NGA, NGCG, NNAGAA, NGGNG, NNGRRT, NNNRRT, NNNNGMTT, NNNNACA, TTTN
1990:
1758:
1237:
Alkan F, Wenzel A, Anthon C, Havgaard JH, Gorodkin J (October 2018).
1093:
31:
2170:
Wilson LO, Hetzel S, Pockrandt C, Reinert K, Bauer DC (June 2019).
1288:
Liang X, Potter J, Kumar S, Ravinder N, Chesnut JD (January 2017).
121:
914:
878:
770:
1592:
Montague TG, Cruz JM, Gagnon JA, Church GM, Valen E (July 2014).
1641:
Labun K, Montague TG, Gagnon JA, Thyme SB, Valen E (July 2016).
767:
559:
1594:"CHOPCHOP: a CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN web tool for genome editing"
70:
The below table lists available tools and their attributes.
2221:
Poudel R, Rodriguez LT, Reisch CR, Rivers AR (April 2022).
1128:
Chari R, Mali P, Moosburner M, Church GM (September 2015).
1743:"DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases"
987:
687:
NGG/NAG on website and customizable with command line
50:. It has since been adopted for use as a tool in the
112:
1896:Zhu LJ, Holmes BR, Aronin N, Brodsky MH (2014).
1798:Naito Y, Hino K, Bono H, Ui-Tei K (April 2015).
681:3 on website and customizable with command line
2282:"WGE: a CRISPR database for genome engineering"
1071:
1069:
1067:
2024:"GT-Scan: identifying unique genomic targets"
8:
358:NGG, NRG, NNGRRT, NNNNGATT, NNAGAAW, NAAAAC
72:
2297:
2248:
2238:
2197:
2187:
2098:
2088:
2071:Pliatsika V, Rigoutsos I (January 2015).
2047:
1998:
1931:
1921:
1872:
1823:
1774:
1717:
1707:
1666:
1617:
1568:
1558:
1509:
1460:
1403:
1354:
1305:
1264:
1254:
1213:
1203:
1153:
1101:
195:Spanish National Center for Biotechnology
2022:O'Brien A, Bailey TL (September 2014).
1063:
1028:Yes, human and mouse reference genomes
764:NGG, NAG, NNNNACA, NNGRRT (R is A or G)
94:Maximum number of mismatches supported
26:tools used to facilitate the design of
91:Seed span and location can be defined
7:
1123:
1121:
447:University of California, Santa Cruz
155:Invitrogen TrueDesign Genome Editor
22:are computer software platforms and
829:CDS (if searching by transcript ID)
1378:Bae S, Park J, Kim JS (May 2014).
85:Searches whole genome for targets
14:
1007:Any PAM site and PAM orientation
1490:Biotechnology and Bioengineering
732:Links to Ensembl genome browser
522:Database Center for Life Science
102:Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM)
74:List of CRISPR-Cas design tools
865:Yes (RefSeq, Ensembl, Gencode)
303:Technical University of Denmark
992:Yes, any user supplied genome
947:CRISPR Targeted Gene Designer
88:Returns all targets of genome
1:
2299:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv308
2040:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu354
1816:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu743
1396:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu048
1307:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.011
1923:10.1371/journal.pone.0108424
1604:(Web Server issue): W401-7.
1560:10.1371/journal.pone.0124633
850:No (Optimized for Knockout)
2240:10.1093/gigascience/giac007
847:Yes (over 120,000 genomes)
746:Thomas Jefferson University
250:NGG, NRG, NNAGAAW, NNNNGMTT
110:gRNA suggestion or scoring
2349:
2125:Retrieved 23 January 2018.
1205:10.1038/s41467-021-23576-0
2189:10.1186/s12896-019-0535-5
2090:10.1186/s13062-015-0035-z
1709:10.1186/s13059-016-1012-2
1256:10.1186/s13059-018-1534-x
1024:Wellcome Sanger Institute
970:NGG, NNGRRT, YTTV, other
231:Seoul National University
109:
106:
99:
93:
90:
87:
84:
81:
78:
30:(gRNAs) for use with the
2149:10.1089/crispr.2017.0021
1294:Journal of Biotechnology
339:University of Heidelberg
199:Yes (over 1000 genomes)
159:Thermo Fisher Scientific
651:Fully user customizable
107:Annotation is reported
97:Predicts gRNA activity
20:CRISPR-Cas design tools
1647:Nucleic Acids Research
1598:Nucleic Acids Research
1335:Nucleic Acids Research
527:Yes (over 200 species)
454:Yes (over 200 genomes)
1184:Nature Communications
839:Synthego Design Tool
394:NGG, NNAGAA, NNNNGANN
54:of higher organisms.
34:gene editing system.
1979:Nature Biotechnology
1747:Nature Biotechnology
1082:Nature Biotechnology
411:University of Bergen
118:CRISPRon, CRISPRoff
2328:Genetic engineering
1960:American Laboratory
1914:2014PLoSO...9j8424Z
1551:2015PLoSO..1024633S
1445:2016NatSR...635766E
1196:2021NatCo..12.3238X
75:
52:genetic engineering
2137:The CRISPR Journal
1865:10.1038/nmeth.3543
1659:10.1093/nar/gkw398
1610:10.1093/nar/gku410
1433:Scientific Reports
1347:10.1093/nar/gkw407
1146:10.1038/nmeth.3473
729:User customizable
375:Harvard University
214:User customizable
73:
2292:(18): 3078–3080.
2176:BMC Biotechnology
1502:10.1002/bit.25233
1453:10.1038/srep35766
1055:
1054:
951:Horizon Discovery
934:User customizable
796:User customizable
615:User customizable
430:User customizable
205:Yes (by weights)
2340:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2252:
2242:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2132:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1991:10.1038/nbt.3804
1970:
1964:
1963:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1759:10.1038/nbt.2647
1738:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1711:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1513:
1496:(8): 1604–1616.
1481:
1475:
1474:
1464:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1105:
1094:10.1038/nbt.3026
1073:
710:
632:Desktop Genetics
76:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2021:
2020:
2016:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1545:(4): e0124633.
1532:
1531:
1527:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1341:(W1): W267-71.
1328:
1327:
1323:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1075:
1074:
1065:
1060:
807:Broad Institute
708:
579:NGG, TTTV, TTTN
68:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2333:Genome editing
2330:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2286:Bioinformatics
2272:
2213:
2162:
2143:(2): 182–190.
2127:
2114:
2077:Biology Direct
2063:
2034:(18): 2673–5.
2028:Bioinformatics
2014:
1985:(4): 347–349.
1965:
1947:
1908:(9): e108424.
1888:
1853:Nature Methods
1839:
1804:Bioinformatics
1790:
1733:
1696:Genome Biology
1682:
1653:(W1): W272–6.
1633:
1584:
1525:
1476:
1419:
1390:(10): 1473–5.
1384:Bioinformatics
1370:
1321:
1280:
1243:Genome Biology
1229:
1169:
1134:Nature Methods
1117:
1088:(12): 1262–7.
1062:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
985:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
955:Yes, Multiple
953:
948:
944:
943:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
912:
908:
907:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
876:
872:
871:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
840:
836:
835:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
804:
803:sgRNA Designer
800:
799:
797:
794:
765:
762:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
743:
739:
738:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
701:
697:
696:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
665:
661:
660:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
629:
625:
624:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
593:
589:
588:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
558:Giraldez Lab,
556:
552:
551:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
519:
515:
514:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
486:Zhang Lab, MIT
483:
479:
478:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
444:
440:
439:
437:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
408:
404:
403:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
372:
368:
367:
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
336:
332:
331:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
300:
296:
295:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
264:
260:
259:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
228:
224:
223:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
192:
188:
187:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
156:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:NGG, NGA, NAG
139:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
80:
67:
64:
39:
36:
24:bioinformatics
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2345:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:(10): 982–8.
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:(7): 1120–3.
1809:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1767:1721.1/102691
1764:
1760:
1756:
1753:(9): 827–32.
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
989:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
952:
949:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
916:
913:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
838:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
741:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
711:
705:
702:
699:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
669:
666:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
633:
630:
627:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
591:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
561:
557:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:CRISPR Design
481:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
451:
448:
445:
442:
441:
438:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
412:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
370:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
340:
337:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
252:
249:
246:
243:
240:
237:
234:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:Breaking-Cas
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
160:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
123:
120:
117:
116:
103:
96:
77:
71:
65:
63:
59:
55:
53:
49:
45:
37:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2121:TechCrunch.
2117:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2031:
2027:
2017:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1750:
1746:
1736:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1650:
1646:
1636:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1249:(177): 177.
1246:
1242:
1232:
1187:
1183:
1172:
1140:(9): 823–6.
1137:
1133:
1085:
1081:
789:, unspliced
777:mRNA, mRNA,
596:Bioconductor
518:CRISPRdirect
286:NGG and NAG
227:Cas-OFFinder
69:
60:
56:
41:
19:
18:
2227:GigaScience
1300:: 136–146.
1190:(1): 3238.
984:GuideMaker
742:Off-Spotter
645:Any number
609:Any number
536:Any number
505:NGG and NAG
407:CHOPCHOP v2
113:References
100:Available
2322:Categories
1702:(1): 148.
1058:References
618:mRNA exons
592:CRISPRseek
555:CRISPRscan
508:mRNA exons
104:sequences
79:Tool Name
38:CRISPR-Cas
32:CRISPR/Cas
28:guide RNAs
2267:235700000
2182:(1): 40.
1439:: 35766.
793:, lincRNA
775:unspliced
668:GuideScan
664:GuideScan
82:Provider
2308:25979474
2259:35365834
2208:31248401
2157:31021206
2109:25630343
2083:(1): 4.
2058:24860161
2009:28263296
1942:25247697
1902:PLOS ONE
1883:26322839
1834:25414360
1785:23873081
1728:27380939
1677:27185894
1628:24861617
1579:25909470
1539:PLOS ONE
1520:24827782
1471:27767081
1414:24463181
1365:27166368
1316:27845164
1275:30367669
1224:34050182
1164:26167643
1112:25184501
1037:4 (0-4)
843:Synthego
723:3 (0-3)
709:EMBL-ABR
700:GT-Scan
424:3 (0-3)
371:CHOPCHOP
352:5 (0-5)
263:CASTING
48:bacteria
2250:8975720
2199:6598273
2100:4326336
2049:4155256
2000:5607865
1962:. 2015.
1933:4172692
1910:Bibcode
1874:4589495
1825:4382898
1776:3969858
1719:4934014
1668:4987937
1619:4086086
1570:4409221
1547:Bibcode
1511:4312910
1462:5073330
1441:Bibcode
1405:4016707
1356:4987939
1266:6203265
1215:8163799
1192:Bibcode
1155:5292764
1103:4262738
911:VARSCOT
791:lincRNA
628:DESKGEN
524:(DBCLS)
443:CRISPOR
385:Partial
349:Partial
44:archaea
2306:
2265:
2257:
2247:
2206:
2196:
2155:
2107:
2097:
2056:
2046:
2007:
1997:
1940:
1930:
1881:
1871:
1832:
1822:
1783:
1773:
1726:
1716:
1675:
1665:
1626:
1616:
1577:
1567:
1518:
1508:
1469:
1459:
1412:
1402:
1363:
1353:
1314:
1273:
1263:
1222:
1212:
1162:
1152:
1110:
1100:
875:TUSCAN
706:&
299:CRISPy
267:Caagle
2263:S2CID
979:(21)
915:CSIRO
879:CSIRO
787:3'UTR
779:5'UTR
771:exons
704:CSIRO
450:TEFOR
388:0, 2
335:CCTop
244:0-10
66:Table
2304:PMID
2255:PMID
2204:PMID
2153:PMID
2105:PMID
2054:PMID
2005:PMID
1938:PMID
1879:PMID
1830:PMID
1781:PMID
1724:PMID
1673:PMID
1624:PMID
1575:PMID
1516:PMID
1467:PMID
1410:PMID
1361:PMID
1312:PMID
1271:PMID
1220:PMID
1160:PMID
1108:PMID
1049:Yes
1046:Yes
1043:NGG
1034:Yes
1031:Yes
1020:WGE
1013:Yes
1010:Yes
1004:Yes
1001:0-5
998:Yes
995:Yes
976:Yes
973:Yes
967:Yes
961:yes
958:yes
868:Yes
862:NGG
859:Yes
853:Yes
768:mRNA
759:0-5
735:Yes
720:Yes
717:Yes
714:Yes
560:Yale
292:Yes
274:Yes
271:Yes
220:Yes
217:Yes
202:Yes
184:Yes
181:Yes
178:NGG
166:Yes
163:Yes
147:Yes
144:Yes
138:Yes
135:All
132:Yes
129:Yes
126:Yes
46:and
2294:doi
2245:PMC
2235:doi
2194:PMC
2184:doi
2145:doi
2095:PMC
2085:doi
2044:PMC
2036:doi
1995:PMC
1987:doi
1928:PMC
1918:doi
1869:PMC
1861:doi
1820:PMC
1812:doi
1771:PMC
1763:hdl
1755:doi
1714:PMC
1704:doi
1663:PMC
1655:doi
1614:PMC
1606:doi
1565:PMC
1555:doi
1506:PMC
1498:doi
1494:111
1457:PMC
1449:doi
1400:PMC
1392:doi
1351:PMC
1343:doi
1302:doi
1298:241
1261:PMC
1251:doi
1210:PMC
1200:doi
1150:PMC
1142:doi
1098:PMC
1090:doi
1040:No
940:Yes
931:Yes
928:0-8
922:Yes
919:Yes
904:Yes
898:NGG
895:Yes
832:Yes
826:NGG
823:Yes
783:CDS
756:Yes
753:Yes
750:Yes
726:No
693:Yes
690:Yes
684:Yes
678:Yes
675:Yes
672:Yes
657:Yes
654:Yes
648:Yes
642:Yes
639:Yes
636:Yes
621:Yes
603:Yes
600:Yes
585:Yes
582:Yes
576:Yes
567:Yes
564:Yes
548:Yes
545:Yes
542:NNN
530:Yes
511:Yes
490:Yes
475:Yes
472:Yes
466:Yes
457:Yes
436:Yes
433:Yes
427:Yes
421:Yes
418:Yes
415:Yes
400:Yes
382:Yes
379:Yes
364:Yes
361:Yes
355:Yes
346:Yes
343:Yes
328:Yes
325:Yes
322:NGG
316:All
310:Yes
307:Yes
289:No
283:No
277:No
256:Yes
238:Yes
235:Yes
211:No
175:No
169:No
2324::
2302:.
2290:31
2288:.
2284:.
2261:.
2253:.
2243:.
2233:.
2231:11
2229:.
2225:.
2202:.
2192:.
2180:19
2178:.
2174:.
2151:.
2139:.
2103:.
2093:.
2081:10
2079:.
2075:.
2052:.
2042:.
2032:30
2030:.
2026:.
2003:.
1993:.
1983:35
1981:.
1977:.
1958:.
1936:.
1926:.
1916:.
1904:.
1900:.
1877:.
1867:.
1857:12
1855:.
1851:.
1828:.
1818:.
1808:31
1806:.
1802:.
1779:.
1769:.
1761:.
1751:31
1749:.
1745:.
1722:.
1712:.
1700:17
1698:.
1694:.
1671:.
1661:.
1651:44
1649:.
1645:.
1622:.
1612:.
1602:42
1600:.
1596:.
1573:.
1563:.
1553:.
1543:10
1541:.
1537:.
1514:.
1504:.
1492:.
1488:.
1465:.
1455:.
1447:.
1435:.
1431:.
1408:.
1398:.
1388:30
1386:.
1382:.
1359:.
1349:.
1339:44
1337:.
1333:.
1310:.
1296:.
1292:.
1269:.
1259:.
1247:19
1245:.
1241:.
1218:.
1208:.
1198:.
1188:12
1186:.
1182:.
1158:.
1148:.
1138:12
1136:.
1132:.
1120:^
1106:.
1096:.
1086:32
1084:.
1080:.
1066:^
964:4
937:No
925:No
901:No
889:No
886:No
883:No
856:3
820:0
817:No
814:No
811:No
785:,
781:,
773:,
612:No
606:No
573:4
570:No
539:No
533:No
502:No
499:4
496:No
493:No
463:4
460:No
397:No
391:No
319:No
313:No
280:3
253:No
247:No
241:No
208:4
172:3
150:,
2310:.
2296::
2269:.
2237::
2210:.
2186::
2159:.
2147::
2141:1
2111:.
2087::
2060:.
2038::
2011:.
1989::
1944:.
1920::
1912::
1906:9
1885:.
1863::
1836:.
1814::
1787:.
1765::
1757::
1730:.
1706::
1679:.
1657::
1630:.
1608::
1581:.
1557::
1549::
1522:.
1500::
1473:.
1451::
1443::
1437:6
1416:.
1394::
1367:.
1345::
1318:.
1304::
1277:.
1253::
1226:.
1202::
1194::
1166:.
1144::
1114:.
1092::
892:0
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