C-SPAN - Knowledge

1624:, introduced in November 1993, traveled around the U.S. educating the public about government and politics using C-SPAN resources, and served as a mobile television studio. The bus also recorded video footage of the places that it visited. A second bus was introduced in 1996. The two original buses were retired in 2010, and the C-SPAN Digital Bus was inaugurated, introducing the public to C-SPAN's enhanced digital products. C-SPAN has also equipped six Local Content Vehicles (LCVs) to travel the country and record unique political and historical stories, with each vehicle containing production and web-based technologies to produce on-the-spot content. 1181:'s 1972 trip to China, is available as well. Most of the recordings before 1987 (when the C-SPAN Archive was established) were not saved, except for approximately 10,000 hours of video which are slated to be made available online. As of November 2021, the C-SPAN Video Library held over 271,000 hours of programming, and they have been viewed over 253 million times. Described by media commentators as a major educational service and a valuable resource for researchers of politics and history, the C-SPAN Video Library has also had a major role in media and 6478: 209: 717: 6442: 43: 6428: 6456: 1154: 416: 1250: 402:" coverage of the U.S. Congress, as well as other major events worldwide. Coverage of political and policy events is unmoderated, providing the audience with unfiltered information about politics and government. Non-political coverage includes historical programming, programs dedicated to non-fiction books, and interview programs with noteworthy individuals associated with public policy. 2982: 1612: 1173:. Unveiled in August 2007, the C-SPAN Video Library contains all of the network's programming since 1987, totaling more than 160,000 hours at its completion of digitization and public debut in March 2010. Older C-SPAN programming continues to be added to the library, dating back to the beginning of the network in 1979, and some limited earlier footage from the 1109:. The network has also produced special feature documentaries on the history of various American institutions and landmarks. In 2005, C-SPAN hosted a 25-hour "call-in marathon" and essay contest, the winner of which was invited to co-host an hour of the broadcast, to commemorate 25 years of taking viewer telephone calls. 1241:. The decision drew some criticism from public interest and government transparency advocates, citing the fact that C-SPAN was designed as a public service. As of December 2019, C-SPAN has begun advertising on its online videos, with YouTube-style advertisements that can be skipped after five seconds. 1217:

In 2008, C-SPAN's online political coverage was expanded just prior to the elections, with the introduction of three special pages on the C-SPAN website: the C-SPAN Convention Hubs and C-SPAN Debate Hub, which offered video of major events as well as discussion from weblogs and social media about the

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premiered on January 4, 1995, and has been broadcast every morning since then, with guests including elected officials, government administrators, and journalists. The program covers current events, with guests answering questions on topics presented by the hosts, as well as questions from members of

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of the main channel, C-SPAN2 and C-SPAN3 to subscribers of cable or satellite providers later that summer, citing concerns with the slow shift in viewing habits from cable television to the internet due to its reliance on carriage fees from cable and satellite providers. However, it will continue to

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C-SPAN 3 covers public affairs events, congressional hearings and history programming. The weekday programming on C-SPAN3 (from the morning — anywhere from 6 to 8:30 a.m. — to 8 p.m. Eastern Time) features uninterrupted live public affairs events, in particular political events from Washington,

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regulations, which required cable carriers to allocate spectrum to local broadcasters. This affected the availability of C-SPAN, especially C-SPAN2, in some areas as some providers chose to discontinue carriage of the channel altogether. Between 1993 and 1994, cable systems in 95 U.S. cities dropped

772:. While C-SPAN does not have video access to the Supreme Court, the network has used the Court's audio recordings accompanied by still photographs of the justices and lawyers to cover the Court in session on significant cases, and has covered individual Supreme Court justices' speaking engagements. 687:

The public affairs coverage on the C-SPAN networks other than the House and Senate floor debates is wide-ranging. C-SPAN is considered a useful source of information for journalists, lobbyists, educators and government officials as well as casual viewers interested in politics, due to its unedited

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C-SPAN broadcasts video feed, but does not control the placement or number of cameras on the House and Senate floor. Arguments over C-SPAN's camera in the House and Senate began as early as 1984, with a fight between Democrats and Republicans over camera angles. At the time C-SPAN only broadcast a

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In January 2013, Hart Research conducted another survey which showed that 47 million adults, or 24% of adults with access to cable television, watch C-SPAN weekly. Of the 47 million regular C-SPAN viewers, 51% are male and 49% female; 26% are liberal, 31% conservative, and 39% moderate.

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to host the full event. On March 7, 2007, C-SPAN liberalized its copyright policy for current, future, and past coverage of any official events sponsored by Congress and any federal agency and now allows for attributed non-commercial copying, sharing, and posting of C-SPAN video on the Internet,

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In 1994, C-SPAN requested increased camera access from both the Senate and the House of Representatives, and for permission to bring their own cameras. They asked permission to pan for wide reaction shots, and install cameras for House-Senate conference committees and off-floor interviews, among

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C-SPAN3, the most recent expansion channel, began full-time operations on January 22, 2001. It airs public policy and government-related events on weekdays, historical programming on weeknights and weekends, and sometimes serves as an overflow channel for live programming conflicts on C-SPAN and

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and other public affairs programming. C-SPAN is a private, nonprofit organization funded by its cable and satellite affiliates. It does not have advertisements on any of its television networks or radio stations, nor does it solicit donations or pledges on-air. However their official website has

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and voterwatch.org hosted House and Senate video records, however C-SPAN contested Metavid's usage of C-SPAN copyrighted footage. The result was Metavid's removal of portions of the archive produced with C-SPAN's cameras, while preserving its archive of government-produced content. C-SPAN also

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Senate hearings, and the U.S. 2010 Healthcare Summit, while its everyday programming has been credited with providing the media and the general public with an intimate knowledge of U.S. political proceedings and people. The ability of C-SPAN to provide this service without federal funding,

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needed for the distribution of the C-SPAN signal, were among those who helped Lamb launch the network. At meetings with House of Representatives leadership, Lamb and Rosencrans promised that the network would be non-political, which helped override broadcast and local network resistance.

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After the 1984 incident, the House allowed both wide-angle shots and close-ups of the speaker until 1994, when they reverted to just close-up shots in an effort to make the House look "more dignified." The Senate, which had allowed cameras since 1987, had always only allowed close-ups.

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coverage of political events. C-SPAN has been described by media observers as a "window into the world of Washington politics" and it characterizes its own mission as being "to provide public access to the political process". The networks cover U.S. political campaigns, including the

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and had approximately 9 hours of daily programming. On February 1, 1982, C-SPAN launched its own transponder and expanded programming to 16 hours a day; the arrangement with the USA Network was discontinued two months later. C-SPAN began full-time operations on September 13, 1982.

631:. The sit-in was out of formal session and while the House was in official recess, so the existing House cameras could not be used to cover the event. These live streams violated House rules on use of personal devices on the floor, which C-SPAN noted through on-air disclaimers. 1506:

In February 2017, Ipsos Audience conducted another survey which showed that 70 million adults, or 36% of adults with access to cable television, watch C-SPAN on a given six-month period. Of the 70 million regular C-SPAN viewers, 52% are male and 48% female; 25% are

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about C-SPAN's influence in political elections, arguing that C-SPAN's "blanket coverage" had expanded television journalism "into areas once shielded from general view". The network has received positive media coverage for providing public access to proceedings such as the

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allow all government meetings, hearings and conferences to be streamed live online and via archived on the C-SPAN Video Library without requiring an authenticated login by a provider; live audio feeds of all three channels are also available for free through the network's

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executive Sam Feist would become the new CEO. This announcement followed a national search initiated after Swain and Kennedy announced they would be retiring. Swain will stay on as CEO until Feist officially begins his duties in the summer of 2024.

795:) and other governments are shown on C-SPAN when they discuss matters of importance to viewers in the U.S. Similarly, the networks will sometimes broadcast news reports from around the world when major events occur – for instance, C-SPAN broadcast 564:

of 2008, C-SPAN created two standalone websites: the Convention Hub and the Debate Hub. C-span.org features further live programming such as committee hearings and speeches that are broadcast later in the day, after the House and Senate have left.

951:(9:00 p.m. – midnight for the East Coast primetime, replayed immediately for the West Coast primetime), which is a block of recordings of the day's noteworthy events in rapid succession. On the weekend schedule, C-SPAN's main program is 1619:

C-SPAN offers a number of public services related to the network's public affairs programming. C-SPAN Classroom, a free membership service for teachers, began in July 1987 and offers help using C-SPAN resources for classes or research. The

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for iPhone, BlackBerry and Android devices. C-SPAN Radio has a selective policy regarding its broadcast content, rather than duplicating the television network programming, although it does offer some audio simulcasts of programs such as

1198: 514:, were successful in restoring C-SPAN availability. C-SPAN availability was broadly restored when technological improvements expanded channel capacity and allowed for both mandatory stations and the C-SPAN networks to be broadcast. 635: 756:, 85% of C-SPAN viewers voted in that election. The results of a similar survey in 2013 found that 89% of C-SPAN viewers voted in the 2012 presidential election. In addition to this political coverage, the network broadcasts 882:

With its public affairs programming, C-SPAN intends to offer different viewpoints by allowing time for multiple opinions to be discussed on a given topic. For example, in 2004 C-SPAN intended to televise a speech by

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four years earlier; C-SPAN was criticized for its use of the word "balance" to describe the plan to cover both Lipstadt and Irving. When Lipstadt ended media access to her speech, C-SPAN canceled coverage of both.

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The video coverage of the floor proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and of the U.S. Senate is public domain material and is not subject to this license, and as such, may also be used for educational

1405:(DBS) operators. As of 2012, C-SPAN received 6¢ of each subscriber's cable bill for an annual budget of $ 60 million. C-SPAN began airing internet commercials early in 2021 and now sells C-SPAN merchandise. 452:. Cable television was a rapidly growing industry, and Lamb envisioned a non-profit network, financed by the cable industry, that televised Congressional sessions, public affairs events, and policy discussions. 8245: 589:, annoyed by the speeches, ordered the camera to display a wide-shot of the empty chamber without alerting the Republicans. The incident turned into a widely publicized argument between Gingrich and O'Neill. 489:

C-SPAN2 launched on June 2, 1986, to cover Senate proceedings, and began full-time operations on January 5, 1987. The Senate had debated allowing television coverage for over two years, with Majority Leader

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The C-SPAN networks are available in more than 100 million households as of 2010, not including access to the C-SPAN websites. More than 7,000 telephone callers have participated with discussion on

922:; in all programming when on-camera hosts are present their role is simply to facilitate and explain proceedings to the viewer. Due to this policy, C-SPAN hosts do not state their names on television. 1197:

engaged in actions to stop parties from making unauthorized uses of its content online, including its video of House and Senate proceedings. Most notably, in May 2006, C-SPAN requested the removal of

7589: 6891: 1086: 8270: 6708: 6210: 1564:, C-SPAN's mission to record official events in Washington, D.C., makes it "one of a kind", particularly in the creation of the C-SPAN Video Library, which received significant press coverage. 8260: 1214:

excluding re-syndication of live video streams. The new policy did not affect the public's right to use the public domain video coverage of the floor proceedings of the U.S. House and Senate.

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and program archives. C-SPAN's television channels are available to approximately 100 million cable and satellite households within the United States. WCSP-FM is broadcast on FM radio in

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noted that C-SPAN's programming has been copied by television networks worldwide and credits the network with providing information about foreign politics to American viewers. According to

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C-SPAN has also occasionally produced special episodes and series. In 1989, C-SPAN celebrated its 10th anniversary with a three-hour retrospective on the history of the network. In 1994,

663:. With coverage of the House and Senate, viewers can track legislation as it moves through both bodies of Congress. Important debates in Congress that C-SPAN has covered live include the 659:. Between 1979 and May 2011, the network televised more than 24,246 hours of floor action. C-SPAN2, the first of the C-SPAN spin-off networks, provides uninterrupted live coverage of the 4846: 2477: 8255: 6818: 6813: 3659: 2839: 8250: 7606: 3303: 6823: 4646: 1470:

as of March 18, 2009. There are no official viewing statistics for C-SPAN because the network, which has no commercials or underwriting advertisements, does not use the

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in 1997, and televised live and recorded political events on weekdays. C-SPAN Radio also began operations in 1997, covering similar events as the television networks and often

6884: 4429: 1078: 476:. Upon its debut, only 3.5 million homes were wired for C-SPAN, and the network had just three employees. For the first few years C-SPAN leased satellite time from the 4642: 572:

for approximately 10 minutes. C-SPAN announced that they were troubleshooting the incident and were "operating under the assumption that it was an internal routing issue."

7582: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 4363: 2411:"C-SPAN Cut in 95 Cities Around the Country For Total Loss of About Four Million Viewers Brian Lamb Says Competition for Air Time May Lead Network to Liven Up Its Format" 6398: 561: 8235: 7544: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6877: 3275: 2902: 981: 977: 700: 6346: 5884: 4598: 4048: 3437: 1647:, which features biographies and interviews with past Supreme Court judges together with commentary from legal experts. Five books have been drawn from the former 1033:

D.C. Each weekend since January 8, 2011, the network has broadcast 48 hours of programming dedicated to the history of the United States, under the umbrella title

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About half are college graduates. 28% of 18-to-49-year-olds report watching at least once a week, as do 19% of 50- to 64-year-olds, and 22% of those over age 65.

7575: 5827: 4364:"New station features processes of government; Radio: WCSP-FM (90.1) serves up large doses of public policy as it's happening, but more selectively than C-SPAN" 2660: 533:

telecasts, planned to take place over an 18-month period. The network provided C-SPAN and C-SPAN2 in high definition on June 1, 2010, and C-SPAN3 in July 2010.

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executive Sam Feist would become the new CEO. This announcement followed a national search initiated after Swain and Kennedy announced they would be retiring.

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C-SPAN has published ten books based on its programming; these contain original material and text taken from interview transcripts. The first C-SPAN book,

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survey, while 31% of the population was categorized as occasional viewers. More than 28 million people said they watched C-SPAN programming each week.

1091: 1045:, featuring major university history professors giving lectures on U.S. history. In 2009, C-SPAN3 aired an eight-installment series of interviews from the 1776: 597:

other things. They also asked permission to have C-SPAN employees man the cameras instead of government employees. These requests were rejected. Speaker

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also includes coverage of book events such as panel discussions, book fairs, book signings, readings by authors and tours of bookstores around the U.S.

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In addition to the programming available in the C-SPAN Video Library, all C-SPAN programming is available as a live feed streamed on its website in

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in their entirety. Coverage of presidential campaign events are provided during the duration of the campaign, both by a weekly television program,

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C-SPAN launched on March 19, 1979, for the first televised session made available by the House of Representatives, beginning with a speech by then-

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in 2010 "for creating an enduring archive of the history of American policymaking, and for providing it as a free, user-friendly public service."

2228: 2199: 5858: 4492: 4297: 957:, a Sunday evening interview program hosted by Susan Swain, with guests including journalists, politicians, authors, and other public figures. 931: 656: 5461: 4858: 2349: 6022: 5992: 5962: 4787:"C-SPAN Takes Lead in Making Video of Congressional Hearings, White House and Other Federal Events More Widely Available to Online Community" 1948: 1921: 1819: 1763: 769: 679:. When the House or Senate are not in session, C-SPAN channels broadcast other public affairs programming and recordings of previous events. 336: 4698: 3671: 2851: 7598: 5158: 4527: 1554:

terming C-SPAN's $ 55 million annual budget (in 2009), "an astounding bargain." In an article on the 25th anniversary of the network,

1046: 5098: 3315: 1141:, and some committee meetings and press conferences not shown on television due to programming commitments. The station also compiles the 1082: 585:, took advantage of this by delivering speeches to an empty chamber, at times referring to Democrats who were not actually there. Speaker 5324: 5128: 3841: 8204: 7092: 6842: 5615: 1101: 557: 553: 5217: 4967: 6870: 5715: 5646: 5438: 1584: 4109: 3961: 3495: 3276:"Exclusive: C-SPAN Study Finds Almost Quarter of Cable/Satellite Subs Watch Weekly Audience is up 4% since last Hart Research survey" 1940: 6168: 6125: 6083: 5925: 4441: 2108: 2018: 741: 697: 676: 352:

banner advertisements, and streamed videos also have advertisements. The network operates independently; the cable industry and the

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survey found that 20% of homes with cable television watch C-SPAN at least once a week, for an estimated 39 million Americans.

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On June 22 and 23, 2016, C-SPAN took video footage of the House floor from individual House representatives via streaming services

4234: 7284: 7204: 6185: 5489: 4936: 2682: 1037:. The programming covers the history of the U.S. from the founding of the nation through the late 20th century. Programs include 784: 693: 689: 348: 4373: 7180: 710: 4995: 8265: 8014: 7778: 7657: 6160: 5522: 1975: 1755: 1282: 655:

The C-SPAN network's core programming is live coverage of the U.S. House and Senate, with the C-SPAN channel emphasizing the

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On January 12, 2017, the online feed for C-SPAN1 was interrupted and replaced by a feed from the Russian television network

3348: 1591:. In their six-month sample of guests, they identified 32 as "right-of-center" and 19 as "left-of-center"; they also noted 1128:

subchannels, and nationwide on XM Satellite Radio. Its programming is also livestreamed at c-span.org and is available via

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As the network is an independent entity, neither the cable industry nor Congress controls the content of its programming.

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have been accused by some liberal organizations of having a conservative bias. In 2005, the media criticism organization

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advertising or soliciting viewer contributions has been remarked by local newspapers and online news services, with the

725: 3445: 7381: 7373: 6513: 3413: 1713: 1704: 856: 792: 668: 427:(left) and Paul FitzPatrick flip the switch for C-SPAN2 on June 2, 1986. FitzPatrick was C-SPAN president at the time. 5835: 5274: 6372: 5074: 4140: 7915: 7494: 7252: 6237: 3577: 1523:. 28% identified themselves as liberal, 27% conservative, and 36% moderate. 51% of all viewers are 18–44 years old. 1516: 1402: 1118: 899: 848: 721: 628: 530: 392: 6211:"As C-SPAN's bus hits Salt Lake City, here are the top 10 things you didn't know about the public affairs network" 3631: 1401:

As a non-commercial public service, C-SPAN receives most of its funding from subscriber fees charged to cable and

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Lamb semi-retired in March 2012 and gave executive control of the network to his two lieutenants, Rob Kennedy and

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In addition to the three television networks, C-SPAN also broadcasts via C-SPAN Radio, which is carried on their

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or reduced broadcasts of C-SPAN and C-SPAN2. Viewers protested these decisions, and some communities, such as

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TV show. Obscenities have also made it into broadcasts, such as in 2014 where a caller referred to President

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C-SPAN's public service nature has been praised as an enduring contribution to national knowledge. In 1987,

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Despite its stated commitment to providing politically balanced programming, C-SPAN and its shows such as

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As of January 2013, the network has 282 or 337 employees. C-SPAN has for many years led by co-CEOs

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C-SPAN2. C-SPAN3 is the successor of a digital channel called C-SPAN Extra, which was launched in the

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on January 5, 2011. The on-screen design seen here was used from April 19, 2010, to January 17, 2016.

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In January 1997, C-SPAN began real-time streaming of C-SPAN and C-SPAN2 on its website. To cover the

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programs feature political and historical books and biographies of public figures. These include

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estimates that 79 million adults in the U.S. watched C-SPAN at some time from 2009 to 2010.

5106: 4733: 1811: 1801: 8122: 7802: 7763: 7705: 7413: 7268: 6433: 6164: 6121: 6079: 6018: 5988: 5958: 5921: 5497: 5332: 5136: 5022: 4794: 4368: 3966: 3208: 3046:"C-SPAN2 to be Added to PRIMESTAR's Channel Lineup" (Press release). C-SPAN. December 4, 1996. 2508: 2104: 2014: 1917: 1815: 1759: 1703:'s penis. One particularly well-known instance happened in 2015, when during a segment on the 1621: 1395: 1218:

major party conventions and candidate debates. C-SPAN brought back the Convention Hub for the

860: 812: 620: 5585: 2903:"C-SPAN cameras couldn't show Democrats' gun control sit-in – so Democrats did it themselves" 875:

Space Shuttle mission launches and landings live, using video footage and audio sourced from

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speeches, and presidential press conferences. According to the results of a survey after the

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was confirmed as Speaker, camera permissions reverted to what had previously been permitted.

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Founder Brian Lamb (center) in 2012 with co-CEOs Rob Kennedy (left) and Susan Swain (right)

1099:'s travels and the works of 40 famous American writers, respectively. The year-long series 371:; and C-SPAN3, airing other government hearings and related programming; the radio station 8230: 7941: 7783: 7554: 7300: 7188: 7073: 6461: 5433: 5250: 4500: 4332: 4117: 4026: 3503: 3091: 2632: 2559: 1952: 1726: 1592: 1471: 808: 740:

press briefings and presidential speeches, as well as other government meetings including

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and funerals of former presidents and other notable individuals. In 2005, C-SPAN covered

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are underrepresented at 15% of the guest list. A 2007 survey released by the think tank

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In 2011, C-SPAN again requested to bring cameras onto the House floor. Incoming Speaker

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was developed as a new type of author interview program after the end of production of

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rejected the request, though he did allow reporters on the floor for 'special events.'

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in 2006. A December 2009 request to film healthcare negotiations was similarly denied.

598: 586: 507: 453: 6455: 5296: 4944: 2951: 2690: 2267:"C-SPAN, America's Town Hall; Looking Back on the Decade That Brought Government Home" 1124:(90.1 FM) in the Washington, D.C., area with all three cable network feeds airing via 966:, which is 48 hours of programming about non-fiction books, book events, and authors. 494:

introducing the first, failed, resolution to allow cameras onto the floor and Senator

8224: 8162: 8019: 7931: 7926: 7516: 7045: 6114: 6072: 3878: 3438:"Lady Bird Johnson, former first lady, remembered at Texas funeral attended by 1,800" 3240:"Feasting on C-SPAN; Diet of Public Affairs TV Puts Political Junkies Inside Beltway" 2733:"This afternoon the online feed for C-SPAN was briefly interrupted by RT programming" 2443: 2168: 1844:"Win like a lamb; C-SPAN remains a reliable source thanks to founder's fair approach" 1544: 1489: 1435: 1233: 1186: 1178: 1106: 1074: 828: 582: 457: 353: 6427: 3989: 1615:

C-SPAN Digital Bus, which tours the U.S. educating the public about C-SPAN resources

1153: 8189: 8083: 8038: 8004: 7832: 7758: 7667: 7421: 7055: 4594: 4437: 4266:"Radio Deal Could Face Technical Difficulties; XM, Sirius Systems Already Strained" 2649:"Don't like Twitter's Election Site? C-SPAN Has a Way Cooler Alternative (Really!)" 2567: 2311: 1718: 1688: 1431: 1210: 1138: 895: 745: 672: 609: 602: 491: 69: 7502: 2931:"House Democrats' Gun-Control Sit-In Turns into Chaotic Showdown With Republicans" 1983: 1738: 1643:, a collection of essays based on C-SPAN interviews with American historians; and 415: 42: 7529: 6332:"C-SPAN Flooded with Racist Phone Calls on 50th Anniversary of MLK Death (Video)" 6012: 5982: 5952: 5915: 1749: 1430:

The majority of C-SPAN's employees are based at C-SPAN's headquarters located on

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of a non-fiction author. Repeats of the interviews remain a regular part of the

824: 537: 477: 448: 420: 368: 6489: 5795:"C – SPAN Launches New C – SPAN Digital Bus and C – SPAN Local Content Vehicle" 4847:"C-SPAN Engages New Media Strategies for Innovative Online Convention Coverage" 4275: 2276: 8179: 8100: 7981: 7976: 7825: 7732: 7727: 7236: 7172: 7135: 7050: 7014: 6423: 6399:"A brief history of obscenities on C-SPAN, in honor of the new 3-second delay" 6288: 6109: 6067: 6008: 5978: 5948: 5801: 5593: 5581: 5559: 3249: 2262: 1665:

Booknotes: America's Finest Authors on Reading, Writing and the Power of Ideas

1611: 1600: 1478:

A 1994 survey found that 8.6% of the U.S. population regularly watched C-SPAN.

1442:. These studios use digital equipment that can be controlled from Washington. 1238: 1041:, which is dedicated to exploring museums, archives and historical sites, and 761: 569: 502: 431: 424: 183: 634:

In January 2023, C-SPAN gained widespread attention for its broadcast of the

8129: 7986: 7894: 7773: 7508: 7454: 7151: 6856: 6483: 5642: 5301: 5082: 4972: 3994: 3818: 3636: 3555: 3525: 3304:"C-SPAN's Supreme Court Broadcasts: Do You Have the Right to Burn the Flag?" 3113: 2879: 2415: 1913: 1807: 1692: 1481:

In 2004 this figure increased to 12% of the U.S. population, according to a

1296: 985: 972: 884: 523: 469: 359:

The C-SPAN network includes the television channels C-SPAN, focusing on the

6014:

The Supreme Court: A C-SPAN Book, Featuring the Justices in their Own Words

4200: 3721: 3605: 2983:"With the House in chaos, C-SPAN shows footage Americans don't usually see" 272: 4528:"C-SPAN Online Archives Will Redefine Social Studies Education in America" 4465:"Early races for Congress may give forecast for November; C-SPAN presents" 581:

shot of the person speaking. The Conservative Opportunity Society, led by

8134: 8009: 7946: 7788: 7712: 7662: 7631: 7626: 7365: 6565: 4914: 4535: 2656: 1910:

Legislative Television As Political Advertising: A Public Choice Approach

1446: 1315: 1125: 1002: 664: 540:. On May 14, 2024, the C-SPAN board of directors announced that longtime 435: 4110:"C-SPAN3 to Air Dole Institute Interviews with Bob Dole, Walter Mondale" 3583: 8169: 8139: 8105: 7478: 7397: 7019: 6559: 6347:"The 'Fresh Prince of Bel-Air' called into C-SPAN. And it was terrific" 2959: 2740: 1422:

On May 14, 2024, the C-SPAN board of directors announced that longtime

1206: 1193: 1121: 962: 876: 840: 627:

by House Democrats asking for a vote on gun control measures after the

473: 372: 254: 230: 120: 3057: 2307:"C-SPAN has taken viewers on tour of history, government for 20 years" 1707:, a man calling himself Jack Strickland called in claiming to be from 1641:

Abraham Lincoln - Great American Historians On Our Sixteenth President

1192:

Prior to the initiation of the C-SPAN Video Library, websites such as

5984:

Abraham Lincoln: Great American Historians on Our Sixteenth President

4572: 3171: 2840:"C-SPAN Challenges Congress to Open Health Care Talks to TV Coverage" 1803:

Peer Participation and Software: What Mozilla Has to Teach Government

1145:

for a same-day rebroadcast without commercials, in rapid succession.

844: 624: 17: 5523:"C-SPAN: Where Health Care (and Everything Else) Gets Debated Daily" 3750: 1744: 1725:

before being kicked off the air. The network implemented a 3-second

1474:. However, there have been a number of surveys providing estimates: 947:

the general public. On weeknights C-SPAN2 dedicates its schedule to

398:

The network televises U.S. political events, particularly live and "

8073: 4403: 1587:(FAIR) released a study of C-SPAN's morning telephone call-in show 8078: 7722: 5462:"C-SPAN's Spotlight Brings Quiet Corners of Campaigning into View" 5395:"C-SPAN the emerging hipster network: its audience 'trends young'" 5049:

District of Columbia Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs

4886: 3785:"Accuracy in media; Left-Winger's "Truth' Exposed As Make-Believe" 3409:"Television did its job as window on America's farewell to Reagan" 3139: 1610: 1390:

C-SPAN is operated by the National Cable Satellite Corporation, a

1248: 1152: 1006:, a live, monthly, three-hour interview with a single author, and 903: 715: 414: 1982:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: The University of Michigan. Archived from 7966: 7820: 7437: 7429: 7244: 1209:. After concerns by some webloggers, C-SPAN gave permission for 1105:, produced to commemorate the 20th anniversary of C-SPAN, won a 919: 872: 836: 820: 7571: 7088: 6502: 601:

rejected similar requests in 1999, as well as incoming Speaker

343:

network, created in 1979 by the cable television industry as a

7700: 5355:"American Voters Suggest How to Make Congress More Accessible" 3311: 2952:"@cspan: C-SPAN has no control over the U.S. House TV cameras" 2765:"C-SPAN denied cameras in the House of Representatives, again" 1434:

in Washington, D.C. In 2003 television studios were opened in

1423: 1087:

The Alexis de Tocqueville Tour: Exploring Democracy in America

832: 816: 541: 388: 304: 5246:"Sam Feist, longtime CNN executive, will become CEO of CSPAN" 2628:"Sam Feist, longtime CNN executive, will become CEO of CSPAN" 1740:

Educators' Guide: Teaching Critical Thinking in the Classroom

843:. C-SPAN also carries CBC coverage during events that affect 4643:"Democratizing the Archive: An Open Interface for Mediation" 2818:"C-Span asks Congress for greater camera access to sessions" 709:, and at its dedicated politics website. C-SPAN also covers 6263:"C-SPAN Prank Callers Ask Lewd Questions About Mitt Romney" 6238:"Why C-SPAN's quirky call-in show has endured for 40 years" 2929:

Herszenhorn, David M.; Huetteman, Emmarie (June 22, 2016).

677:

impeachment proceedings of President Trump in 2019 and 2020

6471: 6186:"C-SPAN Caller Asks If He Can Sh*t in Congressman's Mouth" 5190:"C-SPAN founder Brian Lamb starts new chapter in his life" 1095:

took viewers on tours of the United States, themed around

871:, and other Arab nations. Additionally, C-SPAN simulcasts 748:

press conferences. Other U.S. political coverage includes

238:

FM 90.1 MHz analog/HD Radio (Washington, D.C. / Baltimore)

199: 8246:

English-language television stations in the United States

6498: 6314:"User Clip: Howard Stern Prank Call #3 | C-SPAN.org" 4699:"Why was Colbert press corps video removed from YouTube?" 316: 8241:

Commercial-free television networks in the United States

5093: 5091: 2714:"C-Span Online Broadcast Interrupted by Russian Network" 5885:"C-SPAN Rolls Out Second Fleet of Tricked Out Vehicles" 5075:

Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax

3632:"E-Vision launches C-Span channel on its cable network" 1743:(1995). Washington, DC: National Cable Satellite Corp. 1232:

On July 29, 2014, C-SPAN announced that it would begin

4910:"C-SPAN's Online Hub Provides Raw Convention Coverage" 3938:. Biloxi, Mississippi. September 14, 2003. p. C12 1976:"C-SPAN chief says network has 'extended the gallery'" 456:, providing $ 25,000 of initial funding in 1979, and 6040:"The Last Author of One Last Book For One Final Hour" 5676:"Tilting Rightward: C-SPAN's Coverage of Think Tanks" 5325:"Marking 30 years. Covering Washington like no other" 4968:"C-SPAN to require TV subscription for some programs" 2439:"Federal Law Forced Paragon into Programming Changes" 1631:, was published in 1988. Other C-SPAN books include: 1453:, at the Purdue Research Park under the direction of 498:

finally succeeding in televising Senate proceedings.

328: 319: 310: 307: 301: 8271:

Television channels and stations established in 1979

4430:"ACC Awards Golden Beacon To C-SPAN's Video Library" 4174:"After Many Million Pages, 'Booknotes' Ends Its Run" 1379: 764:

and nonprofit organizations, including those at the

313: 8028: 7997: 7914: 7865: 7841: 7801: 7746: 7693: 7680: 7650: 7614: 7605: 7162: 7127: 7033: 7002: 6901: 6832: 6792: 6698: 6603: 6543: 6536: 2380:"Life and Career of William Armstrong | C-SPAN.org" 1374: 1361: 1350: 1337: 1329: 1313: 1303: 1292: 1280: 1262: 1137:. Unique programming on the radio station includes 298: 268: 261: 242: 229: 224: 215: 194: 189: 179: 131: 126: 112: 104: 99: 89: 81: 76: 65: 57: 49: 8261:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C. 6152: 6113: 6071: 5767:"C-SPAN Carries Political Lessons Across Highways" 5388: 5386: 5267:"Brian Lamb: C-SPAN Now Reaches 100 Million Homes" 2043:. Lafayette, Indiana. November 3, 2007. p. 6A 1935: 1933: 1885:. News Check Media. April 20, 2010. Archived from 859:. During early 2011, C-SPAN carried broadcasts by 2447:. Portland, Oregon. January 24, 1995. p. B08 1639:, a guide to the grave sites of U.S. presidents; 934:, while C-SPAN 2 covers floor proceedings of the 5674:Montecino, Juan; Mark Weisbrot (December 2007). 5218:"C-Span Founder to Step Down as Chief Executive" 442:, conceived C-SPAN in 1975 while working as the 269:Available to current cable/satellite subscribers 5490:"Goldman Sachs hearings: C-SPAN delivers again" 4996:"C-SPAN limiting access to its online channels" 3269: 3267: 3014:"Historic debates will mark 15 years of C-SPAN" 1683:, C-SPAN has been noted to have a tradition of 1161:C-SPAN archival video is available through the 960:On weekends, C-SPAN2 dedicates its schedule to 387:, via Internet streaming, and globally through 95:(downscaled to letterboxed 480i for SDTV feeds) 8256:Mass media companies based in Washington, D.C. 5297:"C-SPAN Marks 30 Years of Riveting Television" 3087:"C-SPAN: TV's Political Insider in Washington" 2875:"Why You Can't See the House Sit-In on C-SPAN" 2560:"Cable Show Draws News of HD Channel Launches" 1203:White House Correspondents' Association Dinner 1185:in several U.S. political campaigns. It won a 356:have no control over its programming content. 8251:Legislature broadcasters in the United States 7583: 7100: 6514: 5828:"Foursquare Checks into Politics With C-SPAN" 5775:. Guilford County, North Carolina. p. B1 5516: 5514: 4734:"A Comedian's Riff on Bush Prompts an E-Spat" 4357: 4355: 3990:"C-SPAN2's 'Book TV' Wins Honor For Its Work" 3380:"Networks planning coverage of Nixon funeral" 3080: 3078: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2095:Frantzich, Stephen E.; John Sullivan (1996). 2005:Frantzich, Stephen E.; John Sullivan (1996). 1711:, before promptly reciting the theme song of 8: 6155:Traveling Tocqueville's America: A Tour Book 5616:"It's a fittingly quiet birthday for C-SPAN" 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 4049:"C-SPAN Launching History Programming Block" 3191: 3189: 3058:"C-SPAN's Impeachment Coverage | C-SPAN.org" 1669:Traveling Tocqueville's America: A Tour Book 1398:, John Saeman, Ed Allen and Gene Schneider. 1257: 35: 6850:American Writers: A Journey Through History 6011:; Swain, Susan; Farkas, Mark, eds. (2011). 5558:. C-SPAN. December 18, 2005. Archived from 5429:"Washington's longest-running reality show" 5364:. C-SPAN. November 17, 2010. Archived from 4423: 4421: 4328:"The most popular iPhone news applications" 3582:. C-SPAN. September 3, 2003. Archived from 3469:"Coverage of Gustav tops politics on Day 1" 3041: 3039: 3037: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1687:. Calls have ranged from crude jokes about 1157:Home page of the C-SPAN Video Library, 2013 1092:American Writers: A Journey Through History 942:from 7:00 to 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. 732:All three channels televise events such as 7798: 7690: 7611: 7590: 7576: 7568: 7107: 7093: 7085: 6540: 6521: 6507: 6499: 6476: 5917:Gavel to Gavel: A C-SPAN Guide to Congress 5859:"How C-SPAN Manages A Cross-Country Fleet" 5105:. C-SPAN. January 22, 2013. Archived from 4762:"C-SPAN alters copyright over Pelosi flap" 3955: 3953: 3867: 3865: 2712:Bromwich, Jonah Engel (January 12, 2017). 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1777:Public, educational, and government access 1751:Gavel to Gavel: A C-SPAN Guide to Congress 1633:Gavel to Gavel: A C-SPAN Guide to Congress 1599:reported that C-SPAN covered conservative 1256: 383:, and is available throughout the U.S. on 207: 34: 27:American public-service television network 6139:Booknotes: Stories from American History. 5419: 5417: 3554:. C-SPAN. August 14, 2003. Archived from 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2532:"Rosty to be Released from Custody Today" 2257: 2255: 2253: 2122: 2120: 853:death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau 6289:"Ultimate C-SPAN Prank Call Compilation" 6116:Booknotes: Stories from American History 5331:. C-SPAN. March 19, 2009. Archived from 3085:Linda M. Harrington (October 31, 1993). 2820:. Reporters Committee. November 29, 1994 2315:. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. p. 10C 1729:in 2016 to combat these types of calls. 1661:Booknotes: Stories from American History 375:; and a group of websites which provide 8236:1979 establishments in Washington, D.C. 5687:Center for Economic and Policy Research 5018:"C-SPAN reworks its monetization model" 4793:. C-SPAN. March 7, 2007. Archived from 4362:Kaltenbach, Chris (February 22, 1998). 4084:"American History TV – New from C-SPAN" 3962:"BookTV Eyes More Original Programming" 2497: 2495: 2404: 2402: 2400: 1879:"C-SPAN: The Other Washington Monument" 1792: 1597:Center for Economic and Policy Research 930:C-SPAN covers floor proceedings of the 669:House impeachment vote and Senate trial 5737:Harper, Jennifer (December 20, 2007). 5460:Rosenthal, Andrew (October 22, 1987). 3872:Ellen Emry Heltzel (August 17, 1997). 3814:"New Show, Familiar Format For C-SPAN" 3745: 3743: 2600:"C-SPAN Puts Full Archives on the Web" 1603:more than left-of-center think tanks. 657:United States House of Representatives 529:In 2010, C-SPAN began a transition to 287:Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network 4908:Fitzpatrick, Alex (August 23, 2012). 4428:Reynolds, Mike (September 16, 2010). 4264:Babington, Charles (March 19, 2007). 4201:"American Presidents: Life Portraits" 4019:"Turn to C-SPAN for American History" 3874:"Books on TV, and a Host Who Listens" 3527:Former Prime Minister Trudeau Funeral 3165:Rothstein, Betsy (October 20, 2010). 2173:"Power Player of the Week Brian Lamb" 2062: 2060: 2058: 460:, providing wiring and access to the 7: 7599:Television news in the United States 7540:Vietnam National Assembly Television 6397:Borchers, Callum (August 29, 2016). 5647:"C-SPAN Gauged 25 Years After Start" 5521:Heffernan, Tim (February 25, 2010). 5079:National Cable Satellite Corporation 5045:National Cable Satellite Corporation 4880:Nusca, Andrew (September 25, 2008). 4082:Gerald D. Swick (January 18, 2011). 3761:from the original on August 22, 2019 2981:DeChalus, Camila (January 5, 2023). 2466:Bayard H. Morrison (April 8, 2001). 2305:Ragsdale, Shirley (March 14, 1999). 2035:"Lamb opened government with C-SPAN" 1699:and questions regarding the size of 1495:A 2010 poll conducted by C-SPAN and 1258:National Cable Satellite Corporation 1234:restricting access to the live feeds 1085:for the network's 15th anniversary. 1047:Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics 926:C-SPAN and C-SPAN2 flagship programs 108:National Cable Satellite Corporation 6871:First Ladies: Influence & Image 6843:American Presidents: Life Portraits 5883:Rothstein, Betsy (March 12, 2013). 5393:Harper, Jennifer (March 19, 2013). 5188:Touhey, Emmanuel (April 10, 2012). 5016:Eggerton, John (October 19, 2020). 4669:"C-SPAN Asks Sites to Pull Colbert" 4235:"C-SPAN's 24-Hour Call-In Marathon" 4172:Frank J. Prial (December 4, 2004). 4116:. November 20, 2009. Archived from 4017:Williams, Jenny (January 7, 2011). 3660:"C-SPAN's David Irving contretemps" 3467:Timpane, John (September 2, 2008). 3407:Turegano, Preston (June 14, 2004). 2763:Weiner, Rachel (February 4, 2011). 2647:Ostrow, Adam (September 26, 2008). 2504:"Time Warner Gives Lift to C-SPAN3" 2480:from the original on March 27, 2014 1102:American Presidents: Life Portraits 701:presidential nominating conventions 651:Senate and House of Representatives 6345:Schwarz, Hunter (March 19, 2015). 6184:Holmes, Jack (December 17, 2015). 6048:. Biloxi, Mississippi. p. B11 5920:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 5716:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 4526:Martel, Frances (March 16, 2010). 4493:"Changing the way we view history" 4463:Cillizza, Chris (March 15, 2010). 4139:Rust, Michael (February 9, 1998). 3902:"C-SPAN's 'Booknotes' nearing end" 3812:McArdle, John (December 6, 2004). 2530:A.B. Stoddard (October 15, 1997). 1585:Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting 1073:collaborated with Lincoln scholar 770:White House Correspondents' Dinner 347:. It televises proceedings of the 25: 8205:The Weather Channel Latin America 6097:Booknotes: On AMerican Character. 6038:Biffle, Tony (December 5, 2004). 5488:Zurawik, David (April 27, 2010). 5295:Miller, Tricia (March 18, 2009). 5216:Stelter, Brian (March 18, 2012). 5099:"Company & Mission Statement" 4966:Ganucheau, Adam (July 29, 2014). 4857:. August 12, 2008. Archived from 3988:Estepa, Jessica (July 15, 2010). 3960:Milliot, Jim (January 10, 2005). 3693:Cohen, Richard (March 15, 2005). 3551:Northeastern Electricity Failures 3436:Shannon, Kelley (July 14, 2007). 3302:Cohen, Andrew (October 8, 2010). 3274:Eggerton, John (March 19, 2013). 3167:"C-SPAN Reaches Debate Milestone" 2901:Phillips, Amber (June 23, 2016). 2873:Akin, Stephanie (June 22, 2016). 2850:. January 5, 2010. Archived from 2793:"When Partisanship Got Polarized" 2598:Stelter, Brian (March 15, 2010). 2502:Moss, Linda (February 19, 2001). 1974:Paddock, Travis (April 8, 1998). 775:Occasionally, proceedings of the 768:, public policy seminars and the 742:Federal Communications Commission 724:coverage of the beginning of the 7285:Houses of the Oireachtas Channel 6454: 6440: 6426: 6371:Gold, Hadas (November 6, 2014). 6236:Kirby, Jen (February 12, 2020). 6074:Booknotes: On American Character 5826:Shayon, Sheila (June 22, 2010). 4994:Hattem, Julian (July 29, 2014). 4817:"Copyright Policy for Educators" 4491:Raasch, Chuck (March 25, 2010). 4336:. March 23, 2010. Archived from 4047:Weprin, Alex (January 6, 2011). 3695:"C-SPAN's Balance of the Absurd" 3670:. April 13, 2005. Archived from 3502:. Connect2Canada. Archived from 2409:Alice A. Love (August 8, 1994). 2132:"Confessions of a C-SPAN Junkie" 1657:Booknotes: On American Character 970:was launched in September 1998. 949:Politics and Public Policy Today 785:Parliament of the United Kingdom 675:in 1998 and 1999 as well as the 349:United States federal government 294: 41: 6373:"Caller drops N-word on C-SPAN" 5765:Schlosse, Jim (March 9, 1995). 5159:"Company/Corporate Information" 5051:. Accessed on January 22, 2016. 4599:"C-SPAN's blasts from the past" 4501:Gannett News Service Multimedia 4298:"How to Listen to C-SPAN Radio" 4141:"Americans Speak Up on Talk TV" 3882:. Portland, Oregon. p. F07 3378:Kubasik, Ben (April 26, 1994). 2468:"Some of U.S. Want Our C-SPAN2" 2200:"C-SPAN goes on campaign trail" 1842:Barnhart, Aaron (May 3, 2003). 1745:C-SPAN in the Classroom Series. 1679:Due to the open phone lines on 8015:Weather Services International 6161:Johns Hopkins University Press 5834:. Brandchannel. Archived from 5265:Bedard, Paul (June 22, 2010). 3640:. Amman, Jordan. June 11, 2009 3579:Northeast Power Outages, Day 1 3238:Harden, Blaine (May 9, 1996). 3012:Hodges, Ann (March 19, 1994). 2209:. January 25, 1982. p. 99 1756:Johns Hopkins University Press 976:was originally broadcast from 1: 8145:The Local AccuWeather Channel 5981:; Swain, Susan, eds. (2010). 5954:Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb? 5614:Rash, John (March 20, 2009). 4760:Hunt, Kaise (March 7, 2007). 3722:"Lipstadt/Irving Libel Trial" 1637:Who's Buried in Grant's Tomb? 1199:Stephen Colbert's performance 361:U.S. House of Representatives 5857:Tucker, Joanne (July 2013). 5275:U.S. News & World Report 5244:Jeremy Barr (May 14, 2024). 4396:"About C-SPAN Video Library" 2731:C-SPAN (January 12, 2017). 2626:Jeremy Barr (May 14, 2024). 2101:University of Oklahoma Press 2011:University of Oklahoma Press 1083:1858 Lincoln–Douglas debates 1061:, among other interviewees. 900:unsuccessfully sued Lipstadt 485:Channel expansion and access 8175:CBC Newsworld International 6885:The Lincoln–Douglas Debates 4732:Cohen, Noam (May 8, 2006). 3414:The San Diego Union-Tribune 2238:. August 2, 1982. p. 8 1908:Mixon, Franklin G. (2003). 1714:The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air 1705:Iran nuclear deal framework 1675:Prank calls and obscenities 1629:C-SPAN: America's Town Hall 1394:. Early chairmen included 1333:C-SPAN Education Foundation 1245:Organization and operations 1053:, which featured historian 984:, as a one-hour one-on-one 857:2003 North America blackout 793:State Opening of Parliament 8287: 6594:Prime Minister's Questions 4630:70th Annual Peabody Awards 4222:59th Annual Peabody Awards 1697:Martin Luther King Jr 1695:to racist tirades against 1403:direct-broadcast satellite 1220:2012 presidential election 1119:owned-and-operated station 849:Canadian federal elections 789:Prime Minister's Questions 754:1992 presidential election 629:Orlando nightclub shooting 423:(right), C-SPAN's founder 7069: 6490:C-SPAN records repository 5586:"Happy Birthday, C-SPAN!" 5525:. The Daily Endorsement. 4645:. Metavid. Archived from 4561:"C-SPAN Digital Archives" 3606:"Moammar Qadhafi Address" 3530:. C-SPAN. October 3, 2000 3474:The Philadelphia Inquirer 1143:Sunday morning talk shows 1020:. Weekend programming on 827:, as well as coverage of 636:Speaker of the House vote 501:In 1992, Congress passed 280: 220: 40: 8135:Independent News Network 5800:. C-SPAN. Archived from 5621:Minneapolis Star Tribune 5165:. C-SPAN. Archived from 5135:. C-SPAN. Archived from 4943:. C-SPAN. Archived from 4937:"Solving Video Problems" 4402:. C-SPAN. Archived from 4304:. C-SPAN. Archived from 4241:. C-SPAN. Archived from 4114:The University of Kansas 3355:. C-SPAN. Archived from 3281:Broadcasting & Cable 2689:. C-SPAN. Archived from 2356:. C-SPAN. Archived from 1800:Booth, David R. (2010). 1528:Public and media opinion 1177:, such as film clips of 992:schedule with the title 932:House of Representatives 914:The network strives for 891:adjacent to a speech by 760:and meetings of various 345:nonprofit public service 7952:Noticias Univision 24/7 7335:Parliamentary Channel 1 7320:Parliamentary Channel 2 7309:Parliamentary Channel 1 7253:La Chaîne parlementaire 6580:Road to the White House 6494:George Mason University 5951:; C-SPAN staff (2010). 5708:"C-SPAN Slanting Right" 3907:The Cincinnati Enquirer 3842:"'Booknotes' Afterword" 3612:. C-SPAN. March 2, 2011 3349:"Australian Parliament" 2068:"C-SPAN By the Numbers" 1782:Legislature broadcaster 1653:Booknotes: Life Stories 1451:West Lafayette, Indiana 1171:West Lafayette, Indiana 863:to cover the events in 777:Parliament of Australia 706:Road to the White House 440:chief executive officer 7769:Fox News International 7487:Televisión Legislativa 7358:NPO Politiek en Nieuws 4597:(September 23, 2010). 4559:(September 24, 2010). 4090:. Weider History Group 3790:Chattanooga Free Press 3668:Anti-Defamation League 2962:account. June 22, 2016 1616: 1445:C-SPAN also maintains 1392:nonprofit organization 1299:nonprofit organization 1268:; 45 years ago 1266:November 14, 1978 1254: 1158: 734:congressional hearings 729: 520:Washington, D.C., area 428: 165:; 23 years ago 151:; 38 years ago 137:; 45 years ago 8266:Peabody Award winners 6484:Recent media coverage 6215:The Salt Lake Tribune 5838:on September 20, 2013 5531:Hearst Communications 4340:on September 25, 2015 3496:"Election night 2008" 3388:. Spokane, Washington 3019:The Houston Chronicle 2693:on September 25, 2013 2236:Broadcasting Magazine 2207:Broadcasting Magazine 2097:The C-SPAN Revolution 2040:Journal & Courier 2007:The C-SPAN Revolution 1980:The University Record 1614: 1252: 1156: 1097:Alexis de Tocqueville 803:. C-SPAN also covers 719: 667:during 1991, and the 665:Persian Gulf conflict 418: 249:Alexandria, Minnesota 163:January 22, 2001 7833:Fox Business Network 7350:National Assembly TV 7010:C-SPAN Video Library 6448:United States portal 5744:The Washington Times 5400:The Washington Times 5371:on November 28, 2010 4947:on December 21, 2010 4855:New Media Strategies 4406:on December 22, 2020 4153:on December 22, 2020 3385:The Spokesman-Review 2854:on November 18, 2010 2229:"24 -hour milestone" 1945:college.columbia.edu 1941:"Original Cable Guy" 1167:Purdue Research Park 1165:, maintained at the 1163:C-SPAN Video Library 1055:Richard Norton Smith 1051:University of Kansas 801:September 11 attacks 781:Parliament of Canada 661:United States Senate 562:presidential debates 560:conventions and the 512:Alexandria, Virginia 496:William L. Armstrong 341:satellite television 7890:The Weather Channel 7873:AccuWeather Network 7293:Al Jazeera Mubasher 7205:Camera dei Deputati 7144:Europe by Satellite 5718:. December 19, 2005 5652:The Washington Post 5109:on January 24, 2013 4611:on January 12, 2012 4604:The Washington Post 4575:on January 29, 2013 4470:The Washington Post 4271:The Washington Post 4146:Insight on the News 3700:The Washington Post 3586:on October 31, 2013 3558:on October 17, 2013 3506:on January 12, 2012 3359:on October 20, 2013 3252:on November 5, 2013 3245:The Washington Post 2908:The Washington Post 2770:The Washington Post 2350:"C-SPAN Milestones" 2279:on November 5, 2013 2272:The Washington Post 2171:(August 15, 2004). 2137:The Washington Post 2073:The Washington Post 1889:on February 5, 2013 1754:(1999). Baltimore: 1709:Bel-Air, California 1557:The Washington Post 1497:Penn Schoen Berland 1483:Pew Research Center 1259: 1183:opposition research 1149:Online availability 1065:Special programming 1057:and Vice President 1043:Lectures in History 1035:American History TV 766:National Press Club 526:their programming. 135:March 19, 1979 37: 8195:Univision Noticias 8061:Black News Channel 8051:Al Jazeera America 7747:International News 7642:Noticias Telemundo 7637:Noticias Univision 7447:Sangsad Television 7213:Canal del Congreso 7041:Robert X. Browning 7025:C-SPAN Bus program 6794:Washington Journal 6587:Washington Journal 6269:. January 12, 2012 5645:(March 18, 2004). 5584:(March 11, 2004). 5467:The New York Times 5427:(March 31, 2009). 5335:on August 19, 2011 5223:The New York Times 4861:on August 10, 2011 4739:The New York Times 4376:on October 4, 2013 4308:on January 4, 2012 4245:on August 19, 2011 4179:The New York Times 3500:Connect2Canada.com 3318:on October 5, 2015 3201:"The Democratizer" 2936:The New York Times 2718:The New York Times 2605:The New York Times 2130:(March 18, 2004). 1955:on August 29, 2008 1681:Washington Journal 1617: 1589:Washington Journal 1569:Washington Journal 1562:The New York Times 1539:The New York Times 1468:Washington Journal 1455:Robert X. Browning 1255: 1159: 1135:Washington Journal 1039:American Artifacts 944:Washington Journal 940:Washington Journal 750:State of the Union 730: 446:, bureau chief of 429: 367:, focusing on the 244:Selective TV, Inc. 72:, Washington, D.C. 32:Television channel 8218: 8217: 8153:America's Talking 8123:Noticias MundoFox 7910: 7909: 7797: 7796: 7764:CNN International 7676: 7675: 7565: 7564: 7414:Rai GR Parlamento 7264:(The Philippines) 7082: 7081: 6998: 6997: 6797:programs by month 6434:Television portal 6120:. PublicAffairs. 6078:. PublicAffairs. 6024:978-1-58648-835-2 6017:. PublicAffairs. 5994:978-1-58648-774-4 5987:. PublicAffairs. 5964:978-1-58648-869-7 5957:. PublicAffairs. 5895:on March 29, 2014 5772:News & Record 5588:. Capital Games. 5498:The Baltimore Sun 5441:on March 28, 2010 5305:. Washington, D.C 5085:. March 31, 2014. 5023:Multichannel News 4497:gannettonline.com 4369:The Baltimore Sun 4278:on August 8, 2014 4120:on March 27, 2014 4112:(Press release). 4063:on August 8, 2014 3998:. Washington, D.C 3967:Publishers Weekly 3910:. August 12, 2004 3850:. August 19, 2004 3822:. Washington, D.C 3674:on August 1, 2009 3448:on August 1, 2020 3308:politicsdaily.com 3199:(December 2010). 3140:"C-SPAN Politics" 2797:Brandeis Magazine 2663:on August 8, 2010 2540:. Washington, D.C 2509:Multichannel News 2419:. Washington, D.C 2265:(April 3, 1989). 1923:978-0-595-27086-6 1821:978-0-262-51461-3 1764:978-0-8018-6111-6 1645:The Supreme Court 1622:C-SPAN School Bus 1388: 1387: 1175:National Archives 813:Hurricane Katrina 758:press conferences 711:midterm elections 335:) is an American 284: 283: 149:June 2, 1986 16:(Redirected from 8278: 8200:The Weather Cast 8158:NBC Weather Plus 8056:All News Channel 7957:Telemundo Al Dia 7937:LiveNOW from Fox 7902:WeatherNation TV 7799: 7738:One America News 7691: 7658:CBN News Channel 7612: 7592: 7585: 7578: 7569: 7548: 7533: 7343: 7328: 7317: 7221:Canal Parlamento 7200:(United Kingdom) 7155:(United Nations) 7147:(European Union) 7139:(European Union) 7109: 7102: 7095: 7086: 6541: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6500: 6480: 6475: 6474: 6472:Official website 6464: 6459: 6458: 6450: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6436: 6431: 6430: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6342: 6336: 6335: 6334:. April 4, 2018. 6328: 6322: 6321: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6259: 6253: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6217:. April 25, 2018 6207: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6158: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6136: 6134: 6119: 6106: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6092: 6077: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6035: 6029: 6028: 6005: 5999: 5998: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5945: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5911: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5891:. Archived from 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5832:Brandchannel.com 5823: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5812: 5807:on June 10, 2013 5806: 5799: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5734: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5680: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5639: 5633: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5578: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5562:on July 20, 2011 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5518: 5509: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5494:baltimoresun.com 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5437:. 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Archived from 2644: 2638: 2637: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2595: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2564:multichannel.com 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2499: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2473:Orlando Sentinel 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2406: 2395: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2360:on July 17, 2011 2346: 2325: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2302: 2289: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2275:. Archived from 2259: 2248: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2233: 2225: 2219: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2204: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2178:Fox News Network 2165: 2150: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2076:. March 14, 2004 2064: 2053: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1986:on July 29, 2020 1971: 1965: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1951:. Archived from 1949:Columbia College 1937: 1928: 1927: 1905: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1875: 1862: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1849:Kansas City Star 1839: 1826: 1825: 1797: 1534:Andrew Rosenthal 1440:Denver, Colorado 1384: 1381: 1366: 1354: 1342: 1308:Washington, D.C. 1276: 1274: 1269: 1260: 1113:Radio broadcasts 994:Encore Booknotes 893:Holocaust denier 889:Deborah Lipstadt 799:coverage of the 444:Washington, D.C. 381:Washington, D.C. 331: 326: 325: 322: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 303: 300: 211: 206: 203: 201: 173: 171: 166: 159: 157: 152: 145: 143: 138: 45: 38: 21: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8276: 8275: 8221: 8220: 8219: 8214: 8024: 7993: 7942:Local News Live 7906: 7878:AccuWeather NOW 7861: 7837: 7793: 7742: 7672: 7646: 7601: 7596: 7566: 7561: 7555:Vouli Tileorasi 7542: 7527: 7463:Senato Italiano 7337: 7322: 7311: 7301:Knesset Channel 7280:(United States) 7164: 7158: 7123: 7113: 7083: 7078: 7074:C-SPAN articles 7065: 7029: 6994: 6906: 6897: 6834: 6828: 6796: 6788: 6694: 6607: 6599: 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4697:(May 4, 2006). 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4649:on June 5, 2008 4641: 4640: 4636: 4628: 4624: 4614: 4612: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4462: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4333:The Independent 4326: 4325: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4171: 4170: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4138: 4137: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4108: 4107: 4103: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4053:mediabistro.com 4046: 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3970: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3941: 3939: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3913: 3911: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3885: 3883: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3811: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3764: 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May 18, 2010 2551: 2522: 2491: 2458: 2430: 2396: 2384:www.c-span.org 2371: 2326: 2290: 2249: 2220: 2191: 2151: 2116: 2109: 2103:. p. 23. 2087: 2054: 2026: 2019: 2013:. p. 30. 1997: 1966: 1929: 1922: 1900: 1863: 1827: 1820: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1747: 1734: 1731: 1676: 1673: 1608: 1607:Other services 1605: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1504: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1462: 1459: 1396:Bob Rosencrans 1386: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1348: 1347: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1264: 1246: 1243: 1150: 1147: 1139:oral histories 1114: 1111: 1066: 1063: 1059:Walter Mondale 1029: 1026: 927: 924: 918:and a lack of 908:United Kingdom 847:, such as the 805:lying in state 797:CBC Television 726:112th Congress 684: 683:Public affairs 681: 652: 649: 647: 644: 640:Kevin McCarthy 599:Dennis Hastert 577: 574: 549: 546: 508:Eugene, Oregon 486: 483: 454:Bob Rosencrans 412: 409: 407: 404: 400:gavel-to-gavel 282: 281: 278: 277: 270: 266: 265: 259: 258: 252: 240: 239: 236: 235:(C-SPAN Radio) 227: 226: 222: 221: 218: 217: 213: 212: 196: 192: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 133: 129: 128: 124: 123: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 97: 96: 91: 90:Picture format 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 74: 73: 67: 63: 62: 59: 58:Broadcast area 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8283: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8149:NBC channels 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8119:Fox channels 8118: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8070:CNN channels 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8035:ABC channels 8034: 8033: 8031: 8027: 8021: 8020:WeatherVision 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7996: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7932:CBS News 24/7 7930: 7928: 7927:ABC News Live 7925: 7924: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7900: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7864: 7855: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7831: 7827: 7824: 7823: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7745: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7694:Domestic News 7692: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7586: 7581: 7579: 7574: 7573: 7570: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7522: 7519: 7518: 7517:TVP Parlament 7514: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7492: 7490:(El Salvador) 7489: 7488: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7473: 7472: 7468: 7465: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7416: 7415: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7379: 7377:(New Zealand) 7376: 7375: 7374:Parliament TV 7371: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7361:(Netherlands) 7360: 7359: 7355: 7353:(South Korea) 7352: 7351: 7347: 7345:(South Korea) 7344: 7341: 7336: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7310: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7296:(Middle East) 7295: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7282: 7279: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7238: 7234: 7231: 7230: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7176:(New Zealand) 7175: 7174: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7161: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7141: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7121: 7117: 7116:Parliamentary 7110: 7105: 7103: 7098: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7087: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7046:John D. Evans 7044: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7032: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6889: 6887: 6886: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6875: 6873: 6872: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6831: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6697: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6568: 6567: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6524: 6519: 6517: 6512: 6510: 6505: 6504: 6501: 6495: 6491: 6488: 6485: 6482: 6479: 6473: 6468: 6467: 6463: 6457: 6452: 6449: 6438: 6435: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6390: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6364: 6352: 6348: 6341: 6338: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6229: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6203: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6177: 6172: 6170:0-8018-5966-2 6166: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6147: 6144: 6140: 6129: 6127:1-58648-083-9 6123: 6118: 6117: 6111: 6105: 6102: 6098: 6087: 6085:1-58648-342-0 6081: 6076: 6075: 6069: 6063: 6060: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6034: 6031: 6026: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6001: 5996: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5971: 5966: 5960: 5956: 5955: 5950: 5944: 5941: 5929: 5927:0-8018-6111-X 5923: 5919: 5918: 5910: 5907: 5894: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5876: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5850: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5822: 5819: 5803: 5796: 5790: 5787: 5774: 5773: 5768: 5761: 5758: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5733: 5730: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5700: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5667: 5655:. p. A21 5654: 5653: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5607: 5595: 5591: 5590:thenation.com 5587: 5583: 5577: 5574: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5547: 5544: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5481: 5469: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5453: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5418: 5414: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5291: 5288: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5258: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5240: 5237: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5212: 5209: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5184: 5181: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5012: 5009: 4997: 4990: 4987: 4975: 4974: 4969: 4962: 4959: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4904: 4901: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4873: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4779: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4753: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4725: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4675:. May 8, 2006 4674: 4670: 4664: 4661: 4648: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4631: 4626: 4623: 4615:September 27, 4610: 4606: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4579:September 27, 4574: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4541:September 27, 4537: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4519: 4511:September 27, 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4484: 4476:September 27, 4472: 4471: 4466: 4459: 4456: 4448:September 27, 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4388: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4257: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4215: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4165: 4152: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4132: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4075: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4040: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4013: 4010: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3925: 3922: 3909: 3908: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3881: 3880: 3879:The Oregonian 3875: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3826:September 28, 3821: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3805: 3793:. p. A11 3792: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3702: 3701: 3696: 3689: 3686: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3639: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3585: 3581: 3580: 3573: 3570: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3545: 3542: 3529: 3528: 3521: 3518: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3476: 3475: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3432: 3429: 3417:. p. 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A31 2139: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110:0-8061-2870-4 2106: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2088: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2042: 2041: 2036: 2030: 2027: 2022: 2020:0-8061-2870-4 2016: 2012: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1970: 1967: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1919: 1916:. p. 2. 1915: 1911: 1904: 1901: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1851: 1850: 1845: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1823: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1613: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1552: 1546: 1545:Goldman Sachs 1541: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511:viewers, 22% 1510: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1490:Hart Research 1488:A March 2009 1487: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1436:New York City 1433: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1383: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1360: 1356: 1349: 1345: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1279: 1265: 1261: 1251: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1187:Peabody Award 1184: 1180: 1179:Richard Nixon 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1155: 1148: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1120: 1112: 1110: 1108: 1107:Peabody Award 1104: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075:Harold Holzer 1072: 1064: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1005: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 974: 969: 965: 964: 958: 956: 955: 950: 945: 941: 937: 933: 925: 923: 921: 917: 912: 909: 905: 901: 897: 894: 890: 886: 880: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 829:Hurricane Ike 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 773: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 744:hearings and 743: 739: 735: 727: 723: 718: 714: 712: 708: 707: 702: 699: 695: 691: 682: 680: 678: 674: 671:of President 670: 666: 662: 658: 650: 645: 643: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 621:Facebook Live 618: 613: 611: 606: 604: 600: 594: 590: 588: 584: 583:Newt Gingrich 576:Camera access 575: 573: 571: 566: 563: 559: 555: 547: 545: 543: 539: 534: 532: 527: 525: 521: 515: 513: 509: 504: 499: 497: 493: 484: 482: 479: 475: 471: 466: 463: 459: 458:John D. 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