1001:
938:
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Capbreton Rouge (Landes), Carmenet (Médoc), Couahort (Béarn), Plant Breton or Plant de l’Abbé Breton (Chinon in Indre-et-Loire), Sable Rouge (Tursan), Trouchet (Béarn), Véron (Nièvre and Deux-Sèvres), Vidure, Vuidure, Grosse Vidure (Graves), Aceria, Arrouya, Burdeas Tinto, Cabernet, Cabernet Aunis, Cabernet Franco, Fer
Servandou, Gamput, Grosse Vidure, Hartling, Kaberne Fran, Messanges Rouge, Morenoa, Noir Dur, Petit Fer, Petit Viodure, Petite Vidure, Petite Vignedure, VĂ©ron Bouchy, VĂ©ronais.
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region". Hungarian varietal
Cabernet Franc is a typically full-bodied, moderately or highly tannic wine with rich aromas of spices, blue flowers and red/black berry fruits with a reasonably good aging potential of about 10 years. These wines typically undergo 12 to 18 months of aging in new Hungarian
501:
in the
Fronsac, St-Emilion and Pomerol regions. Towards the end of the 20th century, even though plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon had rapidly increased in Bordeaux to a 2 to 1 ratio in proportion to Cabernet Franc, plantings there were over 35,360 acres (14,310 ha) of the latter, nearly half of
1062:
Achéria (Basque
Country, mainly in Irouléguy), Ardounet (Béarn), Bidure (Graves), Bordeaux (Switzerland), Bordo (Romania), Boubet (Pyrénées-Atlantiques), Bouchet Franc or Gros Bouchet (Saint-Émilion and Pomerol), Bouchy (Madiran and Béarn), Breton (Val de Loire), Cabernet Gris, Cabrunet (Pomerol),
751:
makers, who wanted to replicate the
Bordeaux blend (now marketed as Meritage). In the early to mid 20th century, some plantings of Cabernet Franc were mistaken for Merlot. In the 1980s, heightened interest in Cabernet Franc led to an increase in plantings that helped push the total acreage of
295:, making quality wines. As Cabernet Sauvignon grew more popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, the close similarity of the two grapes was observed and theories emerged as to the extent of their relationship. In 1997, DNA evidence emerged to show that Cabernet Franc had
987:
contributes to
Cabernet Franc-like flavors in their Cabernet Sauvignon and plantings of true Cabernet Franc have remained limited with only around 519 acres (210 ha) planted as of 2006. In South Africa, Cabernet Franc has become a favorite of some of the country's
760:
counties. In 1986, Casa
Nuestra Winery in Napa Valley initiated the first Cabernet Franc program in the United States, winning a Double Gold and Best of Class Medal in the Los Angeles Times Wine Competition for their first vintage. The program continues today.
1016:
as
Cabernet Sauvignon but with some noticeable differences. Cabernet Franc tends to be more lightly pigmented and produces wines with the same level of intensity and richness. Cabernet Franc tends to have a more pronounced perfume with notes of raspberries,
928:
was a
Cabernet Franc scored at 97 points. Cabernet Franc can be bottled alone, making lighter-bodied wines than the country's typical Malbecs (with wines scoring up to 95 points in Tim Atkin's report in 2016), or either as a majority or minority in blends.
351:. The vine is vigorous and upright, with dark-green, 5-lobed leaves. The winged bunches are elongated and small-medium in size. The berries are quite small and blue-black in color, with fairly thin skins. The Cabernet Franc grapevine is more prone to
475:
In France, Cabernet Franc is found predominantly in the Loire Valley and in the
Libournais region of Bordeaux. As of 2000, it was the sixth most widely planted red grape variety in the country. Other areas with significant plantings include the
230:
Records of Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux go back to the end of the 18th century, although it was planted in Loire long before that time. DNA analysis indicates that Cabernet Franc is one of two parents of Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and
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region where the grape is prized for the balance and elegance that it brings to blends. Italian wines often labelled simply as "Cabernet" tend to be primarily Cabernet Franc or a blend of Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.
590:
had gained attention by the end of the 1990s when in some wine producing regions climate and growing conditions proved to be not optimal for Cabernet Sauvignon to reach its full ripeness. Successful varietal examples from
719:. Ripening about two weeks earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon, it often fares better in Canada's cooler climate than other red wine grape varieties. Ontario Cabernet Francs often add a characteristic
992:
wineries and acreage has slowly been increasing to nearly 2,470 acres (1,000 ha) by the mid-2000s. In Chile there were around 2,910 acres (1,180 ha) planted by the early 21st century.
529:
By 2000 there were over 17,300 acres (7,000 ha) of Cabernet Franc in Italy. However, the grape variety is commonly confused with both Cabernet Sauvignon and the ancient Bordeaux grape
1418:. Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179 Bonn, Germany. Archived from
1346:
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than Cabernet Sauvignon and tends to produce a wine with a smoother mouthfeel. New World examples of Cabernet Franc tend to emphasize the fruit more and may delay
1133:
623:
vineyards, to a lesser extent. Cabernet Franc often complements Bordeaux-style blends from these regions and occasionally plays a role in rosé production.
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2526:
941:
The first varietal Cabernet Franc in Washington State was produced by Columbia Winery from grapes grown at Red Willow Vineyard in the Yakima Valley.
485:
2418:
1398:
489:(AOCs). By the early 20th century, there were nearly equal plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux with around 25,000
139:
2240:
910:
have been producing top quality wines in recent years, and the varietal has been claimed as having the most potential in the country after
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and ripens at least a week earlier. This trait allows the vine to thrive in slightly cooler climates than Cabernet Sauvignon, such as the
890:
and raspberry fruit. The characteristic vegetal notes are toned down in Washington, with the wines tending to show more notes of ground
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Outside France and Italy, sizable plantings of Cabernet Franc are found in Greece (where it is known as tsapournakos),
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1000:
849:
812:
679:. It is also grown Valencia and Castilla-La Mancha. In 2015, Spain grew 732 hectares (1,809 acres) of Cabernet Franc.
279:
named Breton, whose name became associated with the grape. By the 18th century, plantings of Cabernet Franc (known as
199:
Cabernet Franc is lighter than Cabernet Sauvignon, making a bright pale red wine that contributes finesse and lends a
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has called it "the new, handsome superhero of Mendoza's wine scene". In 2014, the highest scoring Argentine wine in
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965:'s collection of 1832. It predominantly grows in cool, cool to warm and warm climates such as North-Eastern
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In the New World, Cabernet is used predominantly as a blending component and is found in scant amounts in
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for use in Bordeaux style blends. The first varietal Cabernet Franc in Washington was released in 1991 by
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708:
388:
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perfume to blends with more robust grapes. Depending on the growing region and style of wine, additional
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1914:
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882:. Today it is the fourth most widely planted grape in the state behind Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and
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335:, plantings of Cabernet Franc are treated as an "insurance policy" against inclement weather close to
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In Washington State, the first plantings of Cabernet Franc were cultivated in experimental blocks by
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show great potential, some international experts declared that Cabernet Franc "found its new home in
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189:
715:. While it is most often used in blends, it is gaining some popularity as a single varietal and as
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region of Bordeaux, Cabernet Franc both plays a more prominent role in blends and is vinted as a
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and Virginia, Cabernet Franc is valued for its ability to ripen more reliably than other red
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Wine Grapes - A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours
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Wine Grapes: A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours
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1290:. The State Library of South Australia, GPO Box 419, Adelaide SA 5001. Archived from
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More recently the grape has caught the attention of growers in cooler areas such as
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533:, so the true acreage may not be known until more vineyards have been surveyed by
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Cabernet Franc is a significant contributor to the character of the Bordeaux wine
423:. In many regions, it is planted as a component of a Bordeaux-style blend such as
30:"Petit Fer" redirects here. For another French wine grape known as Petit Fer, see
1134:"Discovery Channel: "DNA analysis reveals mysterious past of Cabernet Sauvignon""
752:
Cabernet Franc in California to 3,400 acres (1,400 ha), most of which is in
339:
that may damage plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon. Its early budding does pose the
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497:) by the late 1960s. Most of these plantings were along the right bank of the
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sensitive, with over-cropping producing wines with more green, vegetal notes.
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17:
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conducts research on Cabernet Franc at their agricultural research center in
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2006:
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981:. In New Zealand, many winemakers have found that the cool climate of their
887:
886:. Washington Cabernet Franc is distinctive for its fruit forward style with
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212:
62:
1029:. It is often characterized by a green, vegetal strike that can range from
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based differences can be perceived between wines made from grapes grown in
2016:
2011:
2001:
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http://www.winesofchile.org/wp/the-wines/wine-varieties/hectares-planted/
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Across the world Cabernet Franc is one of the twenty most widely planted
193:
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Robinson, Jancis; Harding, Julia; Vouillamoz, José (26 September 2013).
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537:. It is mostly planted in the far northeast of Italy, particularly in
323:
In general, Cabernet Franc is very similar to Cabernet Sauvignon, but
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Cabernet Franc is becoming more popular in Canada, being planted in
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961:. As with so many grapes, Cabernet Franc came to Australia in
255:
region of southwest France sometime in the 17th century, when
2218:
1004:
A Chinon wine from the Loire Valley made from Cabernet Franc.
856:
during the 1970s. In 1985, Cabernet Franc was planted in the
1389:
Robinson, Jancis; Harding, Julia; Vouillamoz, José (2012).
251:
Cabernet Franc is believed to have been established in the
1056:
Tsapournako (Greece), Verdejilla Tinto (AragĂłn in Spain).
561:
have been increasing in recent years, particularly in the
180:. In addition to being used in blends and produced as a
1455:
1241:
Third Edition pg 118-119 Oxford University Press 2006
651:, Croatia. This variety of grape is not very common in
505:
In the Loire Valley, Cabernet is widely planted in the
1045:
the grapes to try to minimize the green leafy notes.
160:
worldwide. It is principally grown for blending with
1313:"Washington Wines and Wineries: The Essential Guide"
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1215:
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502:the country's total 88,900 acres (36,000 ha).
427:, playing secondary role to Cabernet Sauvignon and
138:
128:
115:
104:
92:
80:
72:
39:
659:, where it is an authorized variety in four DOPs:
1258:
1256:
1254:
841:and to produce wines of better quality than most
172:style, but can also be vinified alone, as in the
1393:. United Kingdom: Allen Lane. pp. 347–348.
411:. Plantings are found throughout Europe, in the
1067:Varieties commonly mistaken for Cabernet franc:
541:, but it is also found in the vineyards of the
1334:Argentina 2016 Special Report, by Tim Atkin MW
362:Cabernet Franc can adapt to a wide variety of
2520:
2234:
1471:
8:
1344:Discovering the dark horse of Argentine wine
1330:
1328:
876:introduced the state's first Cabernet Franc
2527:
2513:
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2227:
2219:
1724:
1478:
1464:
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1437:
1315:pg 62 University of California Press 2007
61:
36:
1156:
1154:
192:and Argentina, it is sometimes made into
2419:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1416:"Vitis International Variety Catalogue"
1125:
1008:Cabernet Franc shares many of the same
868:in 1992 with grapes planted from their
1281:
1279:
819:, increasing planting in Missouri and
355:than Cabernet Sauvignon, less so than
67:Cabernet Franc in Viala & Vermorel
1384:
1382:
1380:
7:
727:like flavor to a wine with moderate
615:, Cabernet Franc is also present in
747:Interest in the grape started with
1414:Maul, E.; Eibach, R. (June 1999).
823:areas of Southwestern Virginia.
378:wines there. In the Loire Valley,
25:
1503:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
743:A Cabernet Franc from Washington.
557:. Plantings of Cabernet Franc in
2482:
2190:
549:), and is found as part of some
1288:"Grapes and Wines of the World"
486:Appellation d'origine contrôlée
374:soils, producing heavier, more
1239:"The Oxford Companion to Wine"
607:In addition to being found in
1:
2445:Glossary of viticulture terms
1266:pg 44-45 Harcourt Books 2001
553:blends, even as far south as
366:types but seems to thrive in
97:
2450:Glossary of winemaking terms
906:Cabernet Franc plantings in
395:slopes. The grape is highly
267:. They were planted at the
850:Washington State University
619:, and in South Balaton and
3017:
2370:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
577:Cabernet Franc on the vine
156:is one of the major black
29:
2478:
2460:History of the wine press
2350:Sparkling wine production
2184:
1453:
1206:– via Google Books.
1196:. Penguin Books Limited.
1108:, no longer cultivated),
1076:, no longer cultivated),
825:Michigan State University
817:Roanoke metropolitan area
655:, and is grown mainly in
96:Bouchet, Bouchy, Breton (
60:
44:
3001:Red wine grape varieties
2455:Wine tasting descriptors
2176:Wine tasting descriptors
2105:Phenolic content in wine
1997:Alternative wine closure
1581:Great French Wine Blight
431:. In parts of northeast
283:) were found throughout
2345:Malolactic fermentation
1037:. It has slightly less
933:Other New World regions
829:Benton Harbor, Michigan
2727:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1264:Encyclopedia of Grapes
1005:
942:
744:
627:Other European regions
578:
545:(where it is known as
472:
320:
248:
27:Variety of black grape
2146:Wine and food pairing
1054:Genetically verified:
1003:
940:
792:, all sub-regions in
742:
699:, the north shore of
576:
466:
318:
275:under the care of an
247:Cabernet Franc grapes
246:
1797:Muscat of Alexandria
1090:Dissay in the Vienne
866:Chateau Ste Michelle
697:Prince Edward County
643:particularly in the
469:Chateau Cheval Blanc
133:Château Cheval Blanc
2375:Yeast in winemaking
2327:Carbonic maceration
1114:PaĂs Vasco in Spain
870:Cold Creek Vineyard
858:Red Willow Vineyard
808:wine region in the
319:Cabernet Franc leaf
263:of the vine to the
73:Color of berry skin
2365:Traditional method
2166:Wine personalities
1870:Cabernet Sauvignon
1371:2015-12-10 at the
1349:2018-03-23 at the
1286:Radden, Rosemary.
1094:Cabernet sauvignon
1035:green bell peppers
1006:
943:
833:Great Lakes Region
745:
586:Cabernet Franc in
579:
473:
321:
305:Cabernet Sauvignon
257:Cardinal Richelieu
249:
196:in those regions.
162:Cabernet Sauvignon
2988:
2987:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2266:Late harvest wine
2216:
2215:
1953:
1952:
1850:Alicante Bouschet
1598:Judgment of Paris
1400:978-1-846-14446-2
1237:J. Robinson (ed)
1110:Hondarribi Beltza
782:Shawnee Hills AVA
780:of Colorado, the
693:Niagara Peninsula
665:Costers del Segre
151:
150:
16:(Redirected from
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1168:. Archived from
1166:www.winepros.org
1162:"Cabernet Franc"
1158:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1136:. Archived from
1130:
916:Squeeze Magazine
872:. In the 1990s,
802:Washington state
778:Grand Valley AVA
713:British Columbia
519:Saumur-Champigny
471:from St-Emilion.
65:
54:
49:
37:
21:
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2489:Wine portal
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2465:History of wine
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1718:grape varieties
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1364:Wines of Chile
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1184:
1175:
1173:
1160:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1060:Other synonyms:
1051:
1014:aroma compounds
998:
935:
904:
862:Columbia Winery
854:Columbia Valley
815:as well as the
800:'s west coast,
749:California wine
737:
709:Okanagan Valley
685:
629:
584:
527:
461:
409:grape varieties
405:
313:
301:Sauvignon Blanc
241:
158:grape varieties
117:Notable regions
68:
52:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2887:United Kingdom
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Czech Republic
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2355:Sugars in wine
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2304:Chaptalization
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Classification
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2115:Sugars in wine
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2087:Wine chemistry
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2062:Wine dispenser
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Cabernet Franc
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1832:Welschriesling
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:MĂĽller-Thurgau
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Ancient Greece
1551:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1406:
1399:
1376:
1357:
1336:
1324:
1304:
1275:
1250:
1209:
1202:
1182:
1150:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1086:BĂ©quignol noir
1050:
1047:
997:
994:
975:Adelaide Hills
934:
931:
903:
900:
874:Chinook Winery
838:Vitis vinifera
821:Rocky Knob AVA
736:
733:
684:
681:
661:Catalunya (DO)
628:
625:
583:
580:
535:ampelographers
526:
523:
460:
457:
404:
401:
349:growing season
312:
309:
240:
237:
154:Cabernet Franc
149:
148:
143:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
119:
113:
112:
106:
102:
101:
94:
90:
89:
86:Vitis vinifera
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
42:
41:
40:Cabernet Franc
32:BĂ©quignol noir
26:
24:
18:Cabernet franc
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3013:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:South America
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2913:United States
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:North America
2894:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Liechtenstein
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Acids in wine
2098:
2096:
2095:Aroma of wine
2093:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:Major regions
1956:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Montepulciano
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1439:
1422:on 2007-04-11
1421:
1417:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:0-520-24869-4
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1294:on 2007-08-07
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1272:0-15-100714-4
1269:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:0-19-860990-6
1244:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1203:9780141968827
1199:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1172:on 2018-09-28
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1140:on 2008-03-08
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1102:Gros Cabernet
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:blackcurrants
1015:
1011:
1002:
995:
993:
991:
986:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
939:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:Wine Advocate
921:
920:Robert Parker
917:
913:
909:
901:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
843:hybrid grapes
840:
839:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
759:
755:
750:
741:
735:United States
734:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
682:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
604:oak barrels.
602:
598:
594:
589:
581:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
500:
496:
493:(10,000
492:
488:
487:
483:
479:
470:
465:
458:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:vineyard soil
360:
358:
354:
350:
347:early in the
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
317:
310:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
245:
238:
236:
234:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
190:United States
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
144:
141:
137:
134:
131:
129:Notable wines
127:
123:
120:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
88:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
64:
59:
55:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2575:South Africa
2480:
2337:Fermentation
2188:
2171:Wine tasting
1864:
1792:Muscat blanc
1762:Chenin blanc
1559:Ancient Rome
1424:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1409:
1390:
1360:
1353:
1339:
1312:
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1263:
1238:
1192:
1185:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1165:
1142:. Retrieved
1138:the original
1128:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1007:
989:
982:
979:Clare Valley
971:McLaren Vale
951:South Africa
944:
923:
915:
905:
877:
864:followed by
847:
836:
790:Pennsylvania
784:of southern
770:Finger Lakes
763:
746:
705:Pelee Island
686:
673:Pla de Bages
630:
606:
585:
546:
528:
504:
484:
474:
406:
403:Wine regions
379:
361:
341:viticultural
329:Loire Valley
322:
280:
265:Loire Valley
259:transported
250:
229:
207:can include
198:
153:
152:
84:
51:
2934:New Zealand
2877:Switzerland
2822:Netherlands
2671:Philippines
2440:Wine bottle
2412:Other steps
2403:Wine cellar
2360:SĂĽssreserve
2052:Wine cellar
2042:Wine bottle
1983:accessories
1981:Packaging,
1940:Tempranillo
1569:Noah's wine
1549:Phoenicians
1495:Viticulture
1311:P. Gregutt
963:James Busby
959:New Zealand
804:and in the
766:Long Island
707:, and the
376:full bodied
311:Viticulture
303:to produce
217:bell pepper
93:Also called
2847:San Marino
2812:Montenegro
2797:Luxembourg
2651:Kazakhstan
2611:Azerbaijan
2319:Maceration
2309:Wine press
2299:Destemming
2250:Winemaking
2156:Wine fraud
2151:Wine fault
2136:Oenophilia
2072:Wine label
2067:Wine glass
2032:Port tongs
1930:Sangiovese
1925:Pinot noir
1885:Douce noir
1812:Rkatsiteli
1757:Chardonnay
1747:Catarratto
1721:by acreage
1695:Biodynamic
1658:Aromatized
1447:winemaking
1426:2007-05-06
1298:2007-05-05
1262:Oz Clarke
1176:2007-03-23
1144:2006-11-05
1120:References
1043:harvesting
806:Monticello
449:right bank
421:Kazakhstan
357:Pinot noir
343:hazard of
293:St-Emilion
253:Libournais
108:Bordeaux,
76:Blue-black
2950:Argentina
2929:Australia
2666:Palestine
2271:Noble rot
2161:Winemaker
2141:Sommelier
2077:Wine rack
2057:Wine cork
2047:Wine cave
2037:Screw cap
2007:Corkscrew
1972:New World
1967:Old World
1945:Zinfandel
1920:Mourvèdre
1827:Trebbiano
1767:Colombard
1668:Noble rot
1648:Fortified
1626:Sparkling
1593:New World
1098:Carmenère
947:Australia
908:Argentina
902:Argentina
888:blueberry
831:. In the
725:raspberry
701:Lake Erie
657:Catalonia
645:Savudrija
613:Szekszárd
597:Szekszárd
531:Carmenere
521:regions.
511:Bourgueil
413:New World
273:Bourgueil
233:Carménère
213:raspberry
2995:Category
2970:Paraguay
2862:Slovenia
2857:Slovakia
2832:Portugal
2732:Bulgaria
2686:Thailand
2601:Abkhazia
2580:Tanzania
2560:Ethiopia
2286:Pressing
2208:Glossary
2124:Industry
2017:Jug wine
2012:Decanter
2002:Box wine
1900:Isabella
1895:Grenache
1875:Carignan
1822:SĂ©millon
1807:Riesling
1802:Palomino
1545:Ancient
1528:Vineyard
1523:Veraison
1508:Oenology
1369:Archived
1347:Archived
1082:Pyrénées
1070:Ardonnet
1049:Synonyms
1027:graphite
1010:phenolic
990:boutique
977:and the
967:Victoria
813:Piedmont
810:Virginia
798:Michigan
786:Illinois
774:New York
768:and the
647:part of
637:Slovenia
633:Bulgaria
563:Bolgheri
478:Bergerac
453:varietal
447:and the
445:Touraine
425:Meritage
389:terraces
353:mutation
333:Bordeaux
261:cuttings
194:ice wine
182:varietal
170:Bordeaux
122:Bordeaux
2980:Uruguay
2955:Bolivia
2922:Oceania
2882:Ukraine
2837:Romania
2807:Moldova
2782:Ireland
2777:Hungary
2767:Germany
2762:Georgia
2752:Denmark
2737:Croatia
2722:Belgium
2717:Austria
2712:Albania
2696:Vietnam
2656:Lebanon
2606:Armenia
2585:Tunisia
2570:Namibia
2565:Morocco
2550:Algeria
2470:Terroir
2428:Related
2276:Vintage
2258:Harvest
2203:Outline
2027:Muselet
1989:storage
1880:Cinsaut
1855:Barbera
1782:Macabeo
1742:Aligoté
1700:Organic
1690:Natural
1643:Dessert
1588:Georgia
1538:History
1518:Terroir
1513:Species
1078:Arrouya
1039:tannins
1023:violets
984:terroir
852:in the
729:acidity
721:vegetal
717:icewine
689:Ontario
677:Priorat
669:EmpordĂ
641:Croatia
609:Villány
601:Villány
593:Villány
588:Hungary
582:Hungary
567:Maremma
559:Tuscany
551:Chianti
499:Gironde
482:Madiran
393:tuffeau
391:versus
381:terroir
345:coulure
337:harvest
297:crossed
289:Pomerol
285:Fronsac
281:Bouchet
239:History
225:violets
209:tobacco
201:peppery
168:in the
124:, Loire
81:Species
2960:Brazil
2908:Mexico
2903:Canada
2872:Sweden
2852:Serbia
2842:Russia
2827:Poland
2772:Greece
2757:France
2742:Cyprus
2705:Europe
2691:Turkey
2681:Taiwan
2646:Jordan
2636:Israel
2616:Bhutan
2543:Africa
2435:Winery
2398:Solera
2022:Kvevri
1910:Merlot
1905:Malbec
1705:Kosher
1681:Other
1636:Orange
1609:Styles
1576:France
1397:
1319:
1270:
1245:
1200:
1031:leaves
973:, the
912:Malbec
896:olives
892:coffee
776:, the
758:Sonoma
683:Canada
675:, and
649:Istria
621:Sopron
555:Apulia
543:Veneto
539:Friuli
517:, and
515:Chinon
459:France
441:Saumur
429:Merlot
386:gravel
223:, and
221:cassis
205:aromas
188:, the
186:Canada
178:Chinon
166:Merlot
142:number
110:France
105:Origin
2965:Chile
2867:Spain
2802:Malta
2787:Italy
2676:Syria
2661:Nepal
2641:Japan
2626:India
2621:China
2555:Egypt
2385:Aging
1935:Syrah
1890:Gamay
1860:Bobal
1772:Glera
1737:Airén
1729:White
1685:Table
1673:Straw
1663:Fruit
1621:White
1564:China
1443:Wines
1106:MĂ©doc
1074:BĂ©arn
996:Wines
955:Chile
884:Syrah
653:Spain
547:Bordo
525:Italy
507:Anjou
491:acres
437:Anjou
433:Italy
417:China
397:yield
372:chalk
368:sandy
331:. In
299:with
277:abbot
269:Abbey
174:Loire
53:Vitis
47:Grape
2975:Peru
2631:Iran
2594:Asia
1987:and
1716:Top
1631:Rosé
1487:Wine
1445:and
1395:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1268:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1198:ISBN
1025:and
1012:and
957:and
894:and
879:rosé
794:Ohio
756:and
754:Napa
617:Eger
611:and
595:and
565:and
480:and
419:and
325:buds
291:and
164:and
146:1927
140:VIVC
98:more
2393:Oak
1842:Red
1653:Ice
1616:Red
1116:).
1092:),
1084:),
1033:to
922:'s
788:,
772:of
711:in
691:'s
271:of
184:in
176:'s
2997::
1379:^
1327:^
1278:^
1253:^
1212:^
1164:.
1153:^
1100:,
1096:,
1021:,
969:,
953:,
949:,
914:.
898:.
845:.
796:,
731:.
723:,
703:,
695:,
671:,
667:,
663:,
639:,
635:,
513:,
509:,
495:ha
455:.
443:,
435:,
415:,
370:,
359:.
307:.
287:,
235:.
227:.
219:,
215:,
211:,
2528:e
2521:t
2514:v
2242:e
2235:t
2228:v
1985:,
1479:e
1472:t
1465:v
1429:.
1403:.
1301:.
1179:.
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