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caganer but also placing a figure of a police officer with a pen and clipboard next to him, writing a ticket for the infraction. The writer said this would achieve three objectives: respect tradition, comply with the ordinance and educate the public about how it is being reinforced, and finally, demonstrate how important it is to respect the law. Finally, the head of Parks and
Gardens publicly denied prohibiting the caganer in the first place, saying that it was the artistic decision of the artist commissioned by the city to design and install the pessebre. Following a campaign against the caganer's absence called
1444:
1240:"The caganer was the most mischievous and out-of-place character of the pessebre's idyllic landscape; he was the "Other", with everything that entails, and as the "Other", was accepted, in a liberal vein, as long as he did not aim to occupy the foreground. The caganer represented the spoilsport that we all have inside of us, and that's why it is not surprising that it was the most beloved figure among the children and, above all, the adolescents, who were already beginning to feel rather like outsiders at the family celebration."
1212:, it was a "customary figure in nativity scenes in the 19th century, because people believed that this deposit fertilized the ground of the nativity scenes, which became fertile and ensured the nativity scene for the following year, and with it, the health of body and peace of mind required to make the nativity scene, with the joy and happiness brought by Christmas near the hearth. Placing this figurine in the nativity scene brought good luck and joy and not doing so brought adversity."
40:
1108:(farmhouse) as the central setting with the child in a manger, and outlying scenes including a washerwoman by a river, a woman spinning, shepherds herding their sheep or walking towards the manger with gifts, the Three Wise Men approaching on camel back, a scene with the angel and shepherds, the star pointing the way, etc. Commonly materials such as moss will be used to represent grass, with cork used to represent mountains or cliffs.
4360:
1297:, which also makes extensive use of the image of faecal matter (it is a log, i.e. tió which, having been "fed" for several weeks, is told to defecate on Christmas Eve and "magically" produces candy for children, a candy that has supposedly come from its bowels). Other mentions of faeces and defecation are common in Catalan folklore: indeed, a popular Catalan saying for use before a meal is
1872:
1374:
1463:
illegal, meaning that the caganer was now setting a bad example. Many saw this as an attack on
Catalan traditions. One writer of a letter to the editor asserted, "A nativity scene without a caganer is not a nativity scene." A second writer offered a win-win solution. He suggested including the
1218:
As to the charge of blasphemy, as
Catalan anthropologist Miguel Delgado has pointed out, the grotesque, rather than a negation of the divine may actually signify an intensification of the sacred, for what could be more grotesque than the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, a bloody public torture and
1063:
The exact origin of the
Caganer is unknown, but the tradition has existed since at least the 18th century. According to the society Amics del Caganer (Friends of the Caganer), it is believed to have entered the nativity scene by the late 17th or early 18th century, during the Baroque period.
1454:
In 2005, the
Barcelona city council provoked a public outcry by commissioning a nativity scene which did not include a caganer. The local government was reported to have countered these criticisms by claiming that the Caganer was not included because a civility ordinance had made
1253:"The caganer is a hidden figure and yet is always sought out like the lost link between transcendence and contingency. Without the caganer, there would be no nativity scene but rather a liturgy, and there would be no real country but just the false landscape of a model."
1272:"The caganer is, like so many other things that have undergone the filtering of a great many generations, a cult object; with the playful, aesthetic and superficial devotion that we feel towards all the silly things that fascinate us deep down."
1111:
The caganer is a particular and highly popular feature of modern
Catalan nativity scenes. It is believed to have entered the nativity scene by the late 17th or early 18th century, during the Baroque period. Eminent folklorist
1228:("The Civic Virtues of the Defecator"), American anthropologist Brad Erickson argues that Catalans use the caganer to process and respond to contemporary social issues such as immigration and the
4416:
1389:—a red stocking hat with a black band. At least since the late 1970s, the figure of a traditional Catalan peasant woman was also added, wearing traditional garb including the long black hairnet.
1392:
The
Catalans have modified this tradition a good deal since the 1940s. In addition to the traditional caganer design, one can easily find other characters assuming the Caganer position, such as
952:
1188:
and company, the caganer is often tucked away in a corner of the model, typically nowhere near the manger scene. A tradition in
Catalonia is to have children find the hidden figure.
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254:
1215:
Many modern caganers represent celebrities and authority figures. By representing them with their pants down, the caganer serves as a levelling device to bring the mighty down.
3606:
1549:
500:
1891:
945:
3562:
1470:(Save the caganer), and widespread media criticism, the 2006 nativity restored the caganer, who appeared on the northern side of the nativity near a dry riverbed.
1424:, which has many tables of Caganers. Every year new figures are created, and some people collect them. Caganers are the focal point of at least one association (
1635:
Delgado Ruiz, Manuel. 2001. Luces iconoclastas: Anticlericalism, espacio, y ritual en la España contemporánia, Ariel
Antropología. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel.
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1699:
1882:
3818:
2258:
2106:
326:
1858:
Castells, E. 2005. La ausencia de 'caganer' en el pesebre de Sant Jaume enfrenta a los políticos. La
Vanguardia de Barcelona, 30/11/2005.
1840:
Castells, E. 2005. La ausencia de 'caganer' en el pesebre de Sant Jaume enfrenta a los políticos. La Vanguardia de Barcelona, 30/11/2005.
3547:
3262:
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2521:
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87:
1658:, by Jordi Arruga and Josep Mañà. (Barcelona: Alta Fulla, 1992), reproduced on the website Amics del Caganer (Friends of the Caganer)
1573:, by Jordi Arruga and Josep Mañà. (Barcelona: Alta Fulla, 1992), reproduced on the website Amics del Caganer (Friends of the Caganer)
4396:
3878:
1681:
1196:
Possible reasons for placing a figure representing a person in the act of emptying his bowels in a scene which is widely considered
1116:
called it an essential piece and the most popular figure of the nativity scene. It can also be found in other parts of southwestern
3793:
2025:
1259:"The caganer seems to provide a counterpoint to so much ornamental hullabaloo, so much emotive treacle, so much contrived beauty."
4018:
3813:
3708:
2134:
2097:
1754:
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484:
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Reference to this figure on the website: Centre de recherches Hubert de Phalèse - Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III
1435:
In recent years a urinating statue, or Pixaner, has also appeared, but it has not taken root or gained any serious popularity.
872:
240:
67:
1553:
3722:
3105:
2884:
1938:
1644:
Erickson, Brad. Les virtuts cìviques del caganer. Caramella: Revista de música i cultura popular. No. 25, pp. 47-50 (2011).
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1626:
Erickson, Brad. Les virtuts cíviques del caganer. Caramella: Revista de música i cultura popular No. 25, pp. 47-50 (2011).
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849:
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1810:
1408:
royalty, and other famous people past and present. Just days after his election as US president in 2008, a "pooper" of
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4406:
2302:
2187:
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1971:
1585:
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3715:
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299:
97:
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of the English-speaking world but encompassing the entire city rather than just the typical manger scene. This
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2082:
2062:
995:
882:
553:
348:
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Suñé, Ramon. 2006a. La nueva ordenanza del civismo impera desde hoy en Barcelona. La Vanguadia, January 25.
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2449:
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1314:
The Caganer can also be found in other European cultures, either as an import or a minor local tradition:
1308:
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589:
510:
124:
1291:
The Caganer is not the only defecating character in the Catalan Christmas tradition—another is the
3750:
3522:
3420:
3167:
2770:
2703:
2491:
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2211:
1991:
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77:
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1963:
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107:
82:
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603:
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283:
219:
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102:
57:
27:
1429:
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1420:
Caganers are easiest to find before Christmas in holiday markets, like the one in front of the
4023:
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2011:
2006:
1677:
1456:
1073:
907:
441:
234:
62:
39:
1018:). It is most popular and widespread in these areas, but can also be found in other areas of
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3928:
3913:
3698:
3385:
3355:
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23:
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1996:
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1707:
1703:
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147:
92:
3028:
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631:
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2909:
2879:
2809:
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2356:
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2016:
1165:
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807:
529:
286:
179:
1901:
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4306:
4227:
4165:
3272:
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3147:
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2745:
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306:
292:
162:
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4084:
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3343:
3217:
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2765:
2725:
2671:
2526:
2332:
1915:
1849:
Giménez, Joaquín. 2005. Multa al 'caganer'. La Vanguardia de Barcelona, 29/11/2005.
1827:
1508:
1409:
912:
4331:
4008:
4003:
1425:
1088:, traditional Christmas decorations often consist of a large model of the city of
711:
663:
4341:
4316:
4237:
4217:
4212:
4186:
4139:
4119:
4069:
3450:
3237:
3177:
3157:
3117:
3112:
3033:
2983:
2419:
1401:
1254:
1209:
1113:
773:
696:
1229:
4079:
4044:
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3380:
3321:
3287:
3080:
3060:
3013:
3008:
2904:
2869:
2859:
2636:
1671:
1164:). There is a sculpture of a person defecating hidden inside the cathedral of
983:
766:
610:
4321:
4109:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4064:
3390:
3023:
3018:
2993:
2949:
2889:
2740:
2616:
2117:
1954:
1907:
1807:
1386:
1205:
1089:
1052:
991:
405:
377:
4144:
3316:
2192:
1404:, celebrities, athletes, historical figures, politicians, Spanish royalty,
1871:
1589:
4335:
4326:
4280:
4124:
3998:
3898:
3395:
3349:
3090:
2944:
2929:
2864:
2849:
2838:
2434:
2381:
1981:
1976:
1719:
1358:
1185:
1155:
1048:
1027:
979:
575:
1303:("Eat well, shit heartily, and don't be afraid of death!"). In his book
4270:
4265:
4170:
4134:
4059:
4028:
3075:
2914:
2720:
2516:
2474:
2429:
1479:
1382:
1055:) and with his trousers down, showing a bare backside, and defecating.
1051:
is depicted as a peasant, wearing the traditional Catalan red cap (the
999:
867:
624:
568:
430:
398:
393:
368:
1808:
Caganer, Amics del. 2005. Nova polèmica amb la figura del Caganer 2005
4275:
4232:
4222:
3858:
3736:
3232:
3202:
2988:
2934:
2715:
1923:
1773:
1345:
1330:
1139:
1117:
1035:
677:
582:
414:
410:
373:
1373:
4074:
2760:
1442:
1397:
1372:
1334:
1323:
1181:
1129:
1102:
is often a reproduction of a pastoral scene—a traditional Catalan
1081:
1077:
1019:
388:
4296:
3960:
2678:
2480:
1326:"). In France this figure seems to date from the 1930s or 1940s.
1197:
2589:
1927:
1447:
The caganer in the 2011 official nativity scene in Barcelona's
1385:
man (i.e. a farmer or shepherd) wearing a typical hat called a
1898:, from Roughguides.com by AnneLise Sorensen, December 1, 2005.
1393:
1219:
execution as the defining moment in the story of Christianity?
2585:
1172:, though this is not part of a nativity scene. Accompanying
1405:
1439:
Controversy surrounding Barcelona's civility ordinance
1333:, the region just south of the Valencian Community in
1720:
Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Léxicales
1565:
1563:
1311:
gives a good introduction to this earthy tradition.
4417:
Fictional characters introduced in the 18th century
4289:
4258:
4205:
4179:
4158:
4037:
3982:
3969:
3767:
3662:
3573:
3404:
3126:
3047:
2958:
2835:
2689:
2507:
2405:
2345:
2276:
2210:
2158:
2116:
1962:
1047:" literally means "the pooper". Traditionally, the
1550:"Weird Christmas Custom: Spot the Pooping Peasant"
1426:Els Amics del Caganer, i.e. Friends of the Caganer
1381:The traditional caganer is portrayed as a Catalan
1617:(article in Catalan). Consulted 03 January 2024.
1432:), and have even been featured in art exhibits.
1159:
1615:(The Pre-Christian Roots of the Nativity Scene)
1300:menja bé, caga fort i no tinguis por a la mort!
1613:Les arrels precristianes del pessebre de Nadal
2601:
1939:
1509:"A traditional Nativity scene, Catalan-style"
1465:
1298:
1223:
1149:
1143:
1133:
1103:
1097:
1042:
946:
8:
1908:Section on the Caganer on the Festes website
1885:from Leoniediscovers.com by Leonie Discovers
1902:"Caganers, Nation and Faith" at Oreneta.com
1653:The following opinions are translated from
1482:– the act of displaying one's bare buttocks
1307:, architecture critic and locale historian
3979:
2608:
2594:
2586:
2349:
2280:
2216:
2122:
1946:
1932:
1924:
1919:(in English, Catalan, Spanish, and German)
1916:Amics del Caganer (Friends of the Caganer)
1533:Amics del Caganer (Friends of the Caganer)
1502:
1500:
953:
939:
501:General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales
18:
16:Figurine depicted in the act of defecation
1731:
1729:
1727:
1230:imposition of public civility regulations
1208:the Earth. According to the ethnographer
1543:
1541:
1755:"Christmas Traditions Around the World"
1496:
21:
1828:"Barcelona's Christmas Crapper Canned"
1428:), which puts out a regular bulletin (
3938:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
1507:Rainsford, Sarah (23 December 2010).
973:
7:
1204:The Caganer, by creating faeces, is
1377:Modern caricature caganers for sale
1753:Whittaker, F. (October 11, 2012).
1438:
481:Government of the Balearic Islands
14:
1769:"Obama pooper: get one this xmas"
1369:Traditional vs. modern portrayals
327:Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
4359:
4358:
3814:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3709:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
1870:
1710:). Accessed on 23 December 2010.
1548:Garske, M. (December 23, 2010).
1225:Les virtuts cìviques del caganer
38:
68:History of the Balearic Islands
3794:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3723:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3106:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
2885:Legend of the Christmas Spider
1904:About defecation and caganers.
1:
3745:Christmas television specials
3644:The New Oxford Book of Carols
2731:Annunciation to the shepherds
1889:Catalunya's Christmas Caganer
1736:Arruga, J.; Mañá, J. (1992).
1660:. Consulted 23 December 2010.
1575:. Consulted 23 December 2010.
1535:. Consulted 23 December 2010.
1076:, as well as in the rest of
850:National symbols of Catalonia
44:A traditional Catalan caganer
3799:Christmas and holiday season
2103:Declaration of independence
1826:Rose, Jeremy (2005-12-25).
1348:area, where it is known as
1124:, the region just south of
335:Institut d'Estudis Catalans
4438:
2711:Adoration of the Shepherds
2098:Statute of Autonomy (2006)
2093:Statute of Autonomy (1979)
2073:Statute of Autonomy (1932)
1552:. AOL News. Archived from
1422:Cathedral of Santa Eulalia
1361:, where they are known as
461:General Council of Andorra
4392:Catalan words and phrases
4354:
3955:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3716:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3637:The Oxford Book of Carols
3213:Feast of the Seven Fishes
2776:Massacre of the Innocents
2625:
2559:
2352:
2283:
2219:
2173:Unique territorial entity
2125:
2002:Principality of Catalonia
789:Music and performing arts
98:Principality of Catalonia
4397:Nativity of Jesus in art
3757:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
491:Generalitat of Catalonia
255:Spelling-to-sound charts
3919:Small Business Saturday
3789:Black Friday (shopping)
3784:Black Friday (partying)
3278:Nine Lessons and Carols
3208:Events and celebrations
2542:Pi de les Tres Branques
2259:International relations
2030:Northern Catalonia loss
1416:At markets and exhibits
1337:(where they are called
1132:(where they are called
982:depicted in the act of
511:Generalitat of Valencia
455:Government and politics
363:Geo-political divisions
3563:Post-War United States
2068:Republican Generalitat
1883:Christmas in Barcelona
1670:Robert Hughes (1992).
1466:
1451:
1378:
1299:
1224:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1134:
1104:
1098:
1043:
971:Catalan pronunciation:
225:Dialects and varieties
125:Treaty of the Pyrenees
3612:Hit singles in the US
3607:Hit singles in the UK
3168:Carols by Candlelight
3096:Santa Claus' daughter
2704:Adoration of the Magi
2264:Independence movement
1556:on November 30, 2012.
1446:
1376:
1170:Province of Salamanca
590:Fogueres de Sant Joan
526:Valencian nationalism
115:Catalan constitutions
78:History of Roussillon
4402:Christmas characters
3904:Santa's Candy Castle
3228:Google Santa Tracker
2445:Gegants i capgrossos
2078:Catalan State (1934)
2026:Republic (1640–1641)
1879:at Wikimedia Commons
1412:was made available.
923:Himne de l'Exposició
597:Gegants i capgrossos
349:Fundació Ramon Llull
130:Nueva Planta decrees
73:History of Catalonia
3909:Santa Claus Village
3824:Christmas Mountains
3730:Journey of the Magi
2736:Baptism of the Lord
2040:War of the Catalans
1987:County of Barcelona
1676:. New York: Knopf.
1449:Plaça de Sant Jaume
421:Pyrénées-Orientales
108:Kingdom of Valencia
88:History of Valencia
83:History of Sardinia
4422:Northern Catalonia
4407:Christmas in Spain
4019:Twelve-dish supper
3869:Jews and Christmas
3819:Christmas Lectures
3548:American Civil War
3283:NORAD Tracks Santa
2659:Saint Nicholas Day
1894:2008-08-28 at the
1813:2008-02-24 at the
1702:2011-07-17 at the
1452:
1379:
1287:Similar traditions
1236:Further opinions:
1012:Northern Catalonia
834:Sport in Catalonia
618:Saint George's Day
425:Northern Catalonia
103:Kingdom of Majorca
58:History of Andorra
4374:
4373:
4350:
4349:
4014:Thirteen desserts
3934:Virginia O'Hanlon
3779:Advent Conspiracy
3693:Films (Christmas,
3685:A Christmas Carol
3630:Carols for Choirs
3173:Cavalcade of Magi
3153:Boar's Head Feast
2822:Star of Bethlehem
2793:Nativity of Jesus
2781:flight into Egypt
2666:St. Stephen's Day
2583:
2582:
2555:
2554:
2341:
2340:
2272:
2271:
2249:Political parties
2206:
2205:
2198:Spanish provinces
2036:War of Succession
2012:Catholic Monarchs
1875:Media related to
1601:Amics del Caganer
1467:Salvem el caganer
1457:public defecation
1092:, similar to the
1074:Catalan Countries
994:and neighbouring
975:[kəɣəˈne]
963:
962:
908:El Gran Carlemany
604:Moros i cristians
549:Myths and legends
442:Catalan Countries
315:
309:
302:
300:Personal pronouns
295:
278:
271:
257:
250:
243:
63:History of Aragon
4429:
4387:Catalan folklore
4366:
4362:
4361:
4197:Redcurrant sauce
3986:
3980:
3975:
3949:Winter festivals
3699:Christmas horror
3666:
3577:
3408:
3263:Meals and feasts
3183:Christmas jumper
3130:
3101:Santa's reindeer
3053:
2999:Father Christmas
2963:
2920:Santa's workshop
2841:
2803:in later culture
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2619:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2568:
2350:
2293:Financial crisis
2281:
2217:
2123:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1874:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1777:. Archived from
1765:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1667:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1588:. Archived from
1586:"Pagina nueva 1"
1582:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1504:
1469:
1461:public urination
1354:pastore che caca
1302:
1282:
1269:
1250:
1227:
1163:
1153:
1151:pastore che caca
1147:
1137:
1107:
1101:
1046:
1008:Balearic Islands
977:
972:
955:
948:
941:
888:Balearic Islands
863:Balearic Islands
471:Courts of Aragon
384:Balearic Islands
311:
305:
298:
291:
274:
267:
253:
246:
241:Phonetic history
239:
120:Furs of Valencia
42:
33:
30:
19:
4437:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4346:
4312:Pickled herring
4285:
4254:
4201:
4192:Cranberry sauce
4175:
4154:
4130:Red velvet cake
4115:Poppy seed roll
4033:
3984:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3944:White Christmas
3834:Christmas truce
3829:Christmas seals
3809:Christmas creep
3771:
3769:
3763:
3664:
3658:
3575:
3569:
3406:
3400:
3253:Lord of Misrule
3188:Christmas Peace
3138:Advent calendar
3128:
3122:
3071:Knecht Ruprecht
3051:
3049:
3043:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2756:Herod the Great
2691:
2685:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2564:
2551:
2537:St George's Day
2503:
2470:Public holidays
2401:
2337:
2298:Property bubble
2268:
2202:
2154:
2112:
2107:2017 referendum
2063:Republic (1931)
1997:Crown of Aragon
1958:
1952:
1918:
1910:
1896:Wayback Machine
1867:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1815:Wayback Machine
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1704:Wayback Machine
1695:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1611:Jordi Bilbeny,
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1568:
1561:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1517:
1515:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1476:
1441:
1418:
1371:
1320:Père la Colique
1289:
1276:
1263:
1244:
1194:
1094:Nativity scenes
1086:Southern France
1080:and in most of
1070:
1061:
1016:southern France
988:nativity scenes
970:
959:
930:
929:
845:
837:
836:
831:
823:
822:
790:
782:
781:
735:
727:
726:
717:Joaquim Sorolla
692:
684:
683:
671:Pa amb tomàquet
651:Catalan cuisine
646:
638:
637:
544:
536:
535:
518:
456:
448:
447:
438:
364:
356:
355:
352:(IRL & FRL)
210:
202:
201:
143:
135:
134:
93:Crown of Aragon
53:
45:
32:cultural domain
31:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4368:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4243:Smoking Bishop
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3931:
3926:
3924:Super Saturday
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:Giving Tuesday
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Christmas club
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3702:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3681:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:Piae Cantiones
3647:
3640:
3633:
3623:
3617:Music charts (
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Père Fouettard
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3052:Saint Nicholas
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Grandpa Indian
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2972:Saint Nicholas
2968:
2966:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2910:Old Man Winter
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Miner's figure
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Kallikantzaros
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2810:Nativity scene
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2645:Children's Day
2641:
2634:
2631:Blue Christmas
2626:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2547:Catalan donkey
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2513:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2484:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2288:Catalan peseta
2284:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Municipalities
2185:
2180:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2150:Extreme points
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:Roman Hispania
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1957: articles
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1880:
1866:
1865:External links
1863:
1861:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1818:
1800:
1791:
1760:
1745:
1723:
1712:
1689:
1682:
1662:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1603:
1577:
1559:
1537:
1525:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1440:
1437:
1430:"El Caganòfil"
1417:
1414:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1342:
1327:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1270:
1261:Josep Murgades
1257:
1251:
1234:
1233:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1193:
1190:
1166:Ciudad Rodrigo
1069:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1032:Southern Italy
961:
960:
958:
957:
950:
943:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
926:
925:
920:
915:
910:
902:
901:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:Coats of Arms
877:
876:
875:
870:
865:
860:
852:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
819:
818:
815:Rumba catalana
811:
804:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
770:
763:
756:
749:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
636:
635:
628:
621:
614:
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
565:
557:
556:
551:
545:
542:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:Catalanophobia
508:
498:
488:
478:
468:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
446:
445:
433:
428:
418:
408:
403:
402:
401:
396:
391:
381:
371:
365:
362:
361:
358:
357:
354:
353:
339:
331:
322:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
303:
296:
281:
280:
279:
272:
260:
259:
258:
251:
244:
227:
222:
217:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
193:
192:
182:
177:
176:
175:
170:
165:
155:
150:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4434:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4367:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:Meat and fish
4288:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Hot chocolate
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3929:Ugly sweaters
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Controversies
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:In literature
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
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3148:Advent wreath
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3143:Advent candle
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3050:Companions of
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2962:Gift-bringers
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2827:Twelfth Night
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2788:Nativity Fast
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2746:Christmastide
2744:
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2724:
2722:
2721:Angel Gabriel
2719:
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2705:
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2701:
2700:
2699:Biblical Magi
2697:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2652:Christmas Eve
2649:
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2640:
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2240:
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2218:
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2148:
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2049:
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2037:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:Constitutions
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1917:
1914:
1909:
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1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
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1869:
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1855:
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1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1781:on 2008-12-06
1780:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1746:
1742:. Alta Fulla.
1741:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1683:0-394-58027-3
1679:
1675:
1674:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1607:
1604:
1592:on 2008-12-15
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1566:
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1560:
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1544:
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1514:
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1471:
1468:
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1427:
1423:
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1413:
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1368:
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1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Robert Hughes
1306:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1286:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1226:
1222:In his essay
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1183:
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1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
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1127:
1123:
1119:
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1100:
1095:
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1083:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
986:appearing in
985:
981:
976:
968:
956:
951:
949:
944:
942:
937:
936:
934:
933:
924:
921:
919:
918:La Balanguera
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
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851:
848:
847:
841:
840:
835:
827:
826:
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812:
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809:
805:
803:
802:
798:
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796:
793:
792:
786:
785:
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771:
769:
768:
764:
762:
761:
757:
755:
754:
750:
748:
747:
743:
742:
741:
738:
737:
731:
730:
723:
722:Salvador Dalí
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
707:Antoni Tàpies
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
680:
679:
675:
673:
672:
668:
666:
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661:
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658:
654:
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629:
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619:
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613:
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608:
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587:
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584:
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531:
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366:
360:
359:
351:
350:
345:
344:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
328:
324:
323:
314:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
289:
288:
285:
282:
277:
273:
270:
266:
265:
264:
261:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
238:
237:
236:
235:Pronunciation
233:
232:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
212:
206:
205:
198:
195:
191:
188:
187:
186:
183:
181:
178:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
139:
138:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
49:
48:
41:
37:
36:
29:
25:
20:
4302:Gefilte fish
4250:Ponche crema
4085:Melomakarono
3953:
3844:Cyber Monday
3749:
3714:
3683:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3625:Music books
3618:
3456:Nazi Germany
3348:
3344:Secret Santa
3331:
3218:Flying Santa
2925:Tió de Nadal
2875:Korvatunturi
2854:
2726:Annunciation
2692:Christianity
2673:Sol Invictus
2532:National Day
2522:Coat of arms
2499:Tió de Nadal
2479:
2424:
2415:Architecture
2387:Prostitution
2362:Demographics
2323:Trade unions
2254:Police force
2160:Subdivisions
2058:Commonwealth
2050:
2046:Nueva Planta
2022:Reapers' War
1911:(in Catalan)
1854:
1845:
1836:
1821:
1803:
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1772:
1763:
1748:
1738:
1715:
1692:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1590:the original
1580:
1570:
1554:the original
1528:
1516:. Retrieved
1512:
1486:Tió de Nadal
1453:
1434:
1419:
1410:Barack Obama
1391:
1380:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1338:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1294:Tió de Nadal
1292:
1290:
1235:
1195:
1192:Explanations
1120:, including
1110:
1071:
1062:
1040:
966:
964:
913:Els Segadors
813:
806:
799:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
702:Antoni Gaudí
676:
669:
662:
655:
632:Tió de Nadal
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
561:
560:
519:
439:
347:
341:
333:
325:
4317:Roast goose
4238:Mulled wine
4218:Champurrado
4213:Apple cider
4187:Bread sauce
4140:Szaloncukor
4120:Pumpkin pie
4070:Gingerbread
4024:Smörgåsbord
3665:Other media
3503:Philippines
3493:New Zealand
3376:Twelve Days
3333:Räuchermann
3288:Nutcrackers
3238:Las Posadas
3198:Decorations
3178:Christingle
3118:Zwarte Piet
3113:Snegurochka
3034:Sinterklaas
2984:Santa Claus
2372:Health care
2229:Generalitat
1518:23 December
1402:Santa Claus
1318:In France:
1277: [
1274:Jordi Soler
1264: [
1255:Joan Barril
1245: [
1242:Agustí Pons
1210:Joan Amades
1206:fertilizing
1114:Joan Amades
808:Rock català
774:Noucentisme
697:Catalan art
313:Conjugation
263:Orthography
4381:Categories
4045:Candy cane
3994:Joulupöytä
3894:Pikkujoulu
3558:New Mexico
3407:By country
3381:Wassailing
3322:Poinsettia
3129:Traditions
3081:Mrs. Claus
3061:Belsnickel
3014:Julemanden
3009:Joulupukki
2940:Wenceslaus
2905:North Pole
2870:Jack Frost
2860:Christkind
2815:Neapolitan
2638:Boxing Day
2455:Literature
2397:Traditions
2239:Government
2234:Parliament
2177:Val d'Aran
2083:Revolution
2052:Renaixença
1785:2008-11-07
1739:El Caganer
1656:El Caganer
1596:2008-04-17
1571:El Caganer
1492:References
1044:El Caganer
1041:The name "
984:defecation
801:Nova cançó
767:Modernisme
760:Renaixença
753:Decadència
746:Segle d'or
740:Literature
734:Literature
611:Muixeranga
554:Traditions
543:Traditions
220:Literature
197:Valencians
185:Sardinians
4332:Tourtière
4322:Romeritos
4259:Dumplings
4206:Beverages
4110:Pecan pie
4100:Panettone
4095:Pampushka
4090:Mince pie
4065:Fruitcake
4009:Réveillon
3889:NFL games
3884:NBA games
3879:In August
3849:Economics
3619:Billboard
3473:Indonesia
3416:Australia
3391:Yule goat
3366:Stockings
3300:Ornaments
3029:Père Noël
3024:Olentzero
3019:Noel Baba
2994:Ded Moroz
2950:Yule Lads
2890:Mari Lwyd
2741:Bethlehem
2618:Christmas
2465:Mythology
2367:Education
2328:Transport
2244:President
2224:Elections
2168:Vegueries
2140:Mountains
2118:Geography
2088:Francoism
2007:Civil War
1955:Catalonia
1673:Barcelona
1387:Barretina
1322:("Father
1305:Barcelona
1200:include:
1186:shepherds
1090:Bethlehem
1068:Tradition
1053:barretina
992:Catalonia
893:Catalonia
868:Catalonia
712:Joan Miró
664:Ensaïmada
406:Catalonia
378:La Franja
248:IPA guide
190:Alguerese
173:Minorcans
168:Majorcans
158:Balearics
153:Aragonese
148:Andorrans
28:Valencian
4365:Category
4336:meat pie
4327:Stuffing
4281:Varenyky
4150:Yule log
4125:Qurabiya
3999:Julebord
3972:Food and
3899:SantaCon
3864:El Gordo
3751:Yule Log
3523:Scotland
3436:Ethiopia
3421:Colombia
3396:Yule log
3350:Spanbaum
3327:Pyramids
3193:Crackers
3091:Sack Man
2977:folklore
2945:Yule cat
2850:Badalisc
2840:folklore
2751:Epiphany
2575:Category
2492:Football
2450:Language
2435:Correfoc
2392:Religion
2313:Airports
2212:Politics
2183:Counties
2017:Habsburg
1977:Iberians
1972:Timeline
1892:Archived
1830:. Scoop.
1811:Archived
1700:Archived
1513:BBC News
1474:See also
1359:Portugal
1156:Portugal
1126:Valencia
1099:pessebre
1049:figurine
1028:Portugal
1004:Valencia
998:such as
980:figurine
904:Anthems
898:Valencia
873:Valencia
576:Correfoc
569:Castells
515:Politics
505:Politics
495:Politics
485:Politics
475:Politics
465:Politics
436:Valencia
431:L'Alguer
415:El Carxe
343:Institut
269:Alphabet
209:Language
180:Catalans
4271:Pierogi
4266:Hallaca
4171:Borscht
4135:Stollen
4105:Pavlova
4080:Makówki
4060:Cozonac
4029:Wigilia
3914:Scrooge
3874:In July
3772:society
3704:Poetry
3538:Ukraine
3513:Romania
3478:Ireland
3468:Iceland
3463:Hungary
3451:Germany
3441:Finland
3431:England
3426:Denmark
3386:Windows
3317:Piñatas
3305:Parades
3258:Markets
3243:Letters
3233:Hampers
3076:Krampus
2915:Perchta
2855:Caganer
2566:Outline
2509:Symbols
2475:Sardana
2440:Cuisine
2430:Castell
2425:Caganer
2407:Culture
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2277:Economy
2193:Terçons
2135:Forests
2130:Climate
1964:History
1877:Caganer
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1406:British
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1339:cagones
1135:cagones
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844:Symbols
645:Cuisine
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399:Minorca
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369:Andorra
284:Morpho-
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215:History
163:Ibizans
52:History
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4342:Turkey
4276:Tamale
4233:Kissel
4223:Eggnog
4180:Sauces
4166:Menudo
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4055:Cookie
4038:Sweets
4004:Kūčios
3985:Dinner
3859:Grinch
3770:modern
3737:Tomten
3696:Santa,
3679:novels
3597:Operas
3585:Carols
3553:Hawaii
3533:Sweden
3528:Serbia
3518:Russia
3508:Poland
3498:Norway
3488:Mexico
3446:France
3361:Stamps
3356:Szopka
3248:Lights
3203:Didukh
3039:Others
2989:Befana
2935:Vertep
2798:in art
2766:Joseph
2716:Advent
2527:Anthem
2382:People
2145:Rivers
1774:Truveo
1757:. MSN.
1708:French
1680:
1398:devils
1363:cagões
1350:cacone
1346:Naples
1331:Murcia
1184:, the
1178:Joseph
1161:cagões
1154:) and
1145:cacone
1140:Naples
1122:Murcia
1118:Europe
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1010:, and
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678:Paella
583:Falles
411:Murcia
374:Aragon
287:syntax
142:People
4412:Feces
4075:Kutia
3974:drink
3602:Songs
3576:Music
3483:Italy
3339:Seals
3293:dolls
3223:Gifts
3163:Cards
3066:Elves
2930:Turoń
2900:Nisse
2865:Grýla
2761:Jesus
2487:Sport
2460:Music
2357:Crime
2308:Roads
1335:Spain
1324:Colic
1281:]
1268:]
1249:]
1182:Jesus
1130:Spain
1105:masia
1082:Italy
1078:Spain
1020:Spain
996:areas
830:Sport
795:Music
389:Ibiza
338:(IEC)
330:(AVL)
307:Verbs
293:Nouns
4297:Carp
4159:Soup
4050:Cake
3961:Xmas
3590:list
3371:Tree
3310:list
2771:Mary
2680:Yule
2517:Flag
2481:Seny
2333:Wine
2303:Rail
1706:(in
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1520:2010
1459:and
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1344:The
1198:holy
1174:Mary
1084:and
1014:(in
657:Coca
524:and
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440:See
346:and
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2837:In
2420:Art
2377:Law
1352:or
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1148:or
1138:),
1128:in
1072:In
1038:).
1026:),
990:in
691:Art
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3936:("
3768:In
2690:In
2028:,
1771:.
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1562:^
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1499:^
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1396:,
1279:es
1266:ca
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1176:,
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1006:,
1002:,
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