2405:
2429:
2457:
2749:
2722:
2731:
2373:
2283:
2740:
2297:
2758:
1140:
2290:
1328:
2597:
2354:
1173:
771:
2213:
2583:
1485:
2661:
2206:
2071:
2340:
2269:
2276:
1283:
1585:
1253:
2713:
1499:
1268:
726:
640:
1193:
2064:
965:
1298:
1208:
1492:
681:
631:
1158:
2000:
672:
2178:
2007:
2654:
4501:
512:
2185:
1123:
1993:
1223:
762:
2199:
4533:
1238:
1313:
1860:
1616:
1558:
2192:
568:
1986:
1867:
1683:
1669:
1846:
1718:
1549:
1540:
1853:
1732:
1602:
1676:
561:
1576:
1567:
1839:
1739:
1725:
1623:
1609:
547:
362:
315:
2057:
2050:
2564:
their genealogical table and a coat of arms, which does not have to coincide with it. Thus, the system of differencing only serves to show from which ancestral line the arms are derived. The head of the lineage uses the arms without a difference, but should he be the head of more than one family, the arms are combined by quartering. The heir apparent to the arms of the head of a lineage never uses a mark of difference.
2404:
2604:
948:. This means that in Scotland no two men can ever simultaneously bear the same arms, even by accident, if they have submitted their position to the Scottish heraldic authorities (which not all do in practice, in Scotland as in England); if they have not done so, the matter falls under statute law and may result in proceedings in the Lyon Court, which is part of the Scots criminal justice system. To this extent, the
2590:
1662:
4867:
519:
201:
533:
540:
189:
2611:
554:
526:
717:
22:
2510:
2456:
2428:
2372:
1095:
may be differenced upon matriculation (which is voluntary). Current policy is that younger children's arms must be differenced if they are matriculated. Methods used include the
English and Scottish systems, the substitution of different charges, the changing of lines, and the changing of tinctures
914:
Unfortunately, compulsion is not the way ahead for twenty-first century heraldry. However, official recognition and certification of any
Armorial Bearings can only be effected when the person in whose favour the Arms are being recognized or certified appears in the appropriate book of record at the
1944:
to mark apart otherwise identical achievements borne by different branches of a family. Other, less frequent forms include counter-changing or the replacement of individual tinctures, or the addition of ordinaries. Bordures and labels were used occasionally, though not doctrinally. Perhaps the most
1463:
The French
Revolution of 1789 had a profound impact on heraldry, and heraldry was abolished in 1790, to be restored in 1808 by Napoleon I. However, Napoleon's heraldic system did not use marks of cadency either; the decree of 3 March 1810 (art. 11) states: "The name, arms and livery shall pass from
905:
I have never favoured the system of cadency unless there is a need to mark out distinct branches of a particular family. To use cadency marks for each and every generation is something of a nonsense as it results in a pile of indecipherable marks set one above the other. I therefore adhere to the
2563:
The
Portuguese system of differentiation for the noble non-Royal families is unlike any other cadency system. It is true that the brisure personalises the arms, however, since the Portuguese have an arbitrary choice of surnames, they may select any family name from the father's or mother's side of
832:
of five points. Other grandchildren combine the brisure of their father with the relevant brisure of their own. This could lead to confusion, as both an uncle and nephew could have the same cadency mark. In a short number of generations, the accumulation of cadency marksâto show, for example, the
1104:
The brisures used in the arms granted by the Chief Herald of the
Republic of Ireland are identical to the brisures used by the system used in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, but unlike the English system, which only uses these brisures for the sons of an armiger in order of birth, the Irish
991:
In the Scots heraldic system (which has little to do with the clan system), only one bearer of any given surname may bear plain arms. Other armigerous persons with the same surname usually have arms derived from the same plain coat; though if actual kinship cannot be established, they must be
2325:
Since 1907, the system has differed. Wilhelmina further decreed that in perpetuity her descendants should be styled "princes and princesses of Orange-Nassau" and that the name of the house would be "Orange-Nassau" (in Dutch "Oranje-Nassau"). Since then, individual members of the House of
943:
The system is very different in
Scotland, where every male user of a coat of arms may only use arms recorded, or "matriculated", in the Public Register with a personal variation, appropriate to that person's position in their family, approved by the heraldic authority for Scotland, the
1349:
by the monarch. In practice, however, a number of traditions are practically invariably followed. At birth, members of the royal family have no arms. At some point during their lives, generally at the age of eighteen, they may be granted arms of their own. These will always be the
864:
Now and again we see a second son obeying the book-rules and putting a crescent in his shield or a third son displaying a molet, but long before our own times the practice was disregarded, and the most remote kinsman of a gentle house displayed the "whole coat" of the head of his
1369:
in
English heraldry the crest is uncharged (although it is supposed to be in theory), as it would accumulate more and more cadency marks with each generation, the marks eventually becoming indistinguishable, the crests of the royal family are always shown as charged.
1459:
During the Middle Ages, marks of cadency were used extensively by armigers in France. By the eighteenth century, such marks were no longer used by the members of armigerous families, but were still used extensively by the members of the French royal family.
468:, or mark of difference to the original coat of arms. The brisure identifies the bearer's family relationship to the actual bearer of the arms. Although there is some debate over how strictly the system should be followed, the accepted system is shown below:
449:
Systematic cadency schemes later developed in
England and Scotland, but while in England they are voluntary (and not always observed), in Scotland they are enforced through the statutorily required process of matriculation in the Public Register.
262:
when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of the senior line of a particular family.
1467:
No subsequent regime in France ever promulgated any legislation regarding marks of difference in heraldry, so they remain unused (except in the heraldry of sovereign houses, such as the former royal family, as can be seen below, or the
824:
In
England, arms are generally the property of their owner from birth, subject to the use of the appropriate mark of cadency. Therefore, it is not necessary to wait for the death of the previous generation before arms are inherited.
960:
of three points for the eldest son (or female heir presumptive) and a label of five points for the eldest son of the eldest son, and allows the label to be removed as the bearer of the plain coat dies and the eldest son succeeds.
345:
Historically, it was recognised that there was a need to difference the arms of the head of the family from those of cadets. This need was recognised in Europe during the 14th century; various means to accomplish this were used.
1105:
system applies them to all the children of the armiger, irrespective of sex, and, as illegitimacy has no place in Irish heraldry, these marks are assigned to (recognised) children born outside of marriage as well as inside.
934:
children may be granted the arms of their adoptive father, but a Royal
License must be sought, and the arms, when granted, are differences by the addition of two links of a chain interlaced, either fesswise or palewise..."
1936:
German noble houses did not use cadency marks as systematically as their European peers. The sons of noblemen often bore their father's arms, and generally there was no obligation or expectation that they be differenced.
1927:
However, by the seventeenth century, arms became associated with titles. The bordure gules was associated with Anjou, and the label argent with Orléans. Thus, when a cadet exchanged his appanage, his arms changed.
833:
fifth son of a third son of a second sonâcould lead to added complexity. In practice, cadency marks are not much used in England, and even when they are, it is rare to see more than one or two on a coat of arms.
952:
is stricter in Scotland than in England where the only legal action possible is a civil action in the Court of Chivalry, which sits extremely rarely and is not an integrated part of the English justice system.
855:
Although most heraldic texts follow on the English system of cadency set out above, most heraldic examples (whether on old bookplates, church monuments, silver and the like) ignore cadency marks altogether.
274:
or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males, and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency.
877:
The arms of a man pass equally to all his legitimate children, irrespective of their order of birth. Cadency marks may be used to identify the arms of brothers, in a system said to have been invented by
2353:
1071:
The actual practice in Canada is far from the rigidity suggested by the list of differences above â and is best seen in action in the Canadian Public Register â see for example the coats of various
1793:. This initial system of differencing was dropped in favor of a longer-lasting simpler system. Charles, the youngest son of Louis VIII, changed his arms in favor of the arms of France with a plain
2471:
988:
may be added. These variations allow the family tree to be expressed clearly and unambiguously. The system outlined here is a very rough version that gives a flavour of the real thing.
1172:
270:
arms may be used 'by courtesy', either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original
1956:
heavy fragmentation, which form saw more prominent use and when was also influenced by general trends and geographic proximity; for example, the heraldic tradition of the
2748:
2467:
438:
2463:
2786:
2475:
1436:
It is often said that labels argent are a peculiarly royal symbol, and that eldest sons outside the royal family should use labels of a different colour, usually
1334:
229:
801:, which includes any marks of cadency their father may use. This is because English heraldry has no requirement that women's arms be unique. Upon marriage, they
434:
2326:
Orange-Nassau are also given their own arms by the reigning monarch, similar to the United Kingdom. This is usually the royal arms, quartered with the arms of
972:
For cadets other than immediate heirs, Scottish cadency uses a complex and versatile system, applying different kinds of changes in each generation. First, a
2721:
349:
In the modern era, differencing arms is generally rarely done in continental Europe. It is only in Scotland where the need to difference cadets is enforced.
873:, the heraldic authority for England, Wales and formerly Ireland. For example, a statement on their website refers to the optional nature of cadency marks:
1361:
for difference; the label may have three or five points. Since this is in theory a new grant, the label is applied not only to the shield but also to the
1139:
1327:
1114:
2339:
2730:
3557:
2796:
3899:
2680:
2228:
1282:
2411:
2391:
295:
1252:
290:
point (the centre of the field), or in chief (the upper part of the field) in the case of the label. Brisures are generally exempt from the
3863:
2435:
2387:
784:
992:
differenced in a way other than the cadency system mentioned above. This is quite unlike the English system, in which the surname of an
2633:
Arms of Infante Dinis, Duke of Porto, younger son of the Duke of Braganza. The castle on the label is taken from the arms of his mother
1008:
a coat of arms must be unique regardless of the bearer's sex, Canada has developed a series of brisures for daughters unique to Canada:
2296:
2282:
1267:
3329:
2790:
2776:
2739:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2088:
1289:
222:
915:
College of Arms. I believe it right in England and Wales for a branch to use cadency marks sparingly and only if they wish to do so.
3295:
3201:
3183:
3008:
2906:
2669:
2550:
2383:
849:
294:. One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of
1192:
3217:
3141:
1157:
2496:, who ruled Portugal from 1485 to 1521. There are two systems, one for the non-Royal families and the other for the Royal House.
1422:
1259:
2289:
1297:
1207:
2757:
2345:
1921:
1885:
1382:
3096:
2873:
1781:
used golden castles on a red background (derived from the arms of Castile) as charges to difference their arms: for Robert, a
3615:
845:
705:, who was third son of the ninth Duke of Bedford, were also marked with a mullet for difference, but in a different tincture.
2596:
2170:
The following heraldic system was adopted by a royal decree in 2019. Prior to this the system of royal cadency was unclear.
1464:
the father to all sons" although the distinctive marks of Napoleonic titles could pass only to the sons who inherited them.
1222:
980:
for each brother. In subsequent generations the bordure may be divided in two tinctures; the edge of the bordure, or of an
3075:
4876:
2415:
2212:
2137:
1697:
883:
215:
1237:
4137:
4132:
2685:
1703:
1402:
1199:
2205:
1312:
770:
2582:
1644:
1304:
1214:
2528:
1122:
2660:
2379:
2359:
2130:
1484:
2105:
1709:
1638:
1229:
3719:
2268:
2070:
1584:
1498:
4696:
4192:
3035:
Scots heraldry; a practical handbook on the historical principles and modern application of the art and science
2275:
1410:
1244:
1179:
1164:
462:
members to personally use the arms of the head of that family 'by courtesy'. This involves the addition of a
4859:
4821:
4152:
4092:
3479:
3424:
3389:
2414:, brother of the King, and his children. These arms were borne by the King before his accession and also by
924:
2712:
3595:
3572:
3528:
3467:
3322:
2479:
2147:
1753:
1319:
154:
79:
2520:
3600:
3550:
3545:
3523:
3407:
1946:
818:
802:
653:
639:
98:
2063:
886:, in about 1500. Small symbols are painted on the shield, usually in a contrasting tincture at the top.
1999:
725:
4719:
3506:
3472:
3364:
2493:
2363:
2234:
1774:
1765:
1426:
1274:
891:
780:
4500:
2177:
2006:
964:
836:
At times, arms with a cadency mark may be used on a hereditary basis. For instance, the arms of the
4714:
4577:
4491:
4375:
4357:
4147:
3730:
3682:
3657:
3359:
2690:
2653:
2573:
2221:
1691:
1650:
1514:
1491:
981:
977:
895:
810:
806:
630:
511:
411:
397:
2261:
The following heraldic system was adopted by a royal decree in 1815 and was in effect until 1907.
2184:
1992:
392:
In heraldry's early period, uniqueness of arms was obtained by a wide variety of ways, including:
4771:
4744:
4072:
4017:
3967:
3878:
3868:
3805:
3780:
3715:
3690:
3662:
3562:
3349:
2816:
2806:
1827:
1778:
1759:
1430:
1092:
1064:
927:
798:
42:
4532:
2198:
680:
3244:
2942:
1859:
1615:
1385:. Traditionally, the other members of the family have used a stock series of symbols (cross of
761:
4899:
4688:
4610:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4002:
3838:
3710:
3649:
3627:
3605:
3489:
3441:
3315:
3291:
3197:
3179:
3039:
3014:
3004:
2902:
2896:
2395:
2333:
Since 1907, there is no system to delineate individual princes and princesses via their arms.
2191:
1953:
1913:
1820:
of argent and gules; and argent. They occasionally came up with more unusual forms, such as a
1747:
1557:
1525:
1469:
1454:
1414:
1020:
1005:
985:
898:
701:
over the central escallop to differentiate them from his paternal arms. The arms of the first
671:
649:
586:
567:
283:
255:
174:
161:
140:
68:
34:
1076:
1072:
4456:
4444:
4365:
4167:
3972:
3919:
3914:
3848:
3833:
3775:
3740:
3590:
3585:
3518:
3484:
3412:
2327:
1985:
1941:
1917:
1866:
1682:
1668:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1183:
1080:
957:
829:
814:
743:
739:
575:
403:
291:
147:
119:
105:
26:
1845:
1717:
4871:
4783:
4468:
4313:
4298:
4293:
4228:
3909:
3873:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3700:
3672:
3446:
3369:
3079:
2810:
2800:
2780:
2769:
1965:
1901:
1875:
1852:
1731:
1601:
1548:
1539:
1374:
870:
841:
735:
694:
606:
419:
205:
50:
3274:
3285:
1675:
560:
278:
These differences are formed by adding to the arms small and inconspicuous marks called
4795:
4761:
4754:
4308:
4273:
4065:
3992:
3977:
3957:
3695:
3535:
3429:
3417:
3149:
2603:
1838:
1738:
1724:
1631:
1622:
1608:
1575:
1566:
1390:
1013:
901:
firmly rejected a suggestion that cadency marks should be strictly enforced. He said:
702:
596:
546:
459:
3116:
2898:
A Complete Guide to Heraldry â Illustrated by Nine Plates and Nearly 800 Other Designs
2589:
2056:
2049:
1401:, etc.) on the points of the label to ensure that their arms differ. The label of the
361:
314:
4893:
4843:
4778:
4749:
4409:
4333:
4265:
4213:
3354:
2492:
The Portuguese systems of differencing have their origins in the regulations of King
2026:
2020:
1957:
857:
4833:
4811:
4766:
4663:
4644:
4619:
4303:
4208:
3770:
3735:
3580:
3513:
3436:
3374:
3100:
3056:
2869:
2532:
2125:
1661:
1398:
1386:
1378:
1342:
1037:
984:
in the base coat, may be changed from straight to indented, engrailed or invected;
837:
690:
611:
601:
518:
259:
251:
182:
87:
54:
46:
2610:
532:
3222:
Coats of Arms of the Dutch Royal Family, Website of the Dutch Monarchy, the Hague
4838:
4653:
4177:
4157:
4025:
3725:
3667:
3072:
1147:
1130:
949:
879:
539:
553:
525:
21:
4672:
4338:
4328:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4223:
4097:
4055:
4035:
4007:
3987:
3384:
2630:
Arms of Infanta Maria Francisca, daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Braganza
2080:
1417:
for difference is a very old practice, illustrated in the "border of France" (
797:
Daughters have no special brisures, and normally use their father's arms on a
617:
58:
4739:
4343:
4323:
4318:
4127:
4112:
3929:
3634:
3018:
2674:
1961:
1027:
945:
716:
112:
4856:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
3043:
188:
4828:
4589:
4370:
4255:
4233:
4182:
4162:
4107:
4050:
4045:
4040:
3610:
3540:
3338:
3033:
2998:
1909:
1905:
1413:; this is sometimes called an innovation but in fact the use of maternal
1004:
Canadian cadency generally follows the English system. However, since in
931:
581:
243:
133:
76:
30:
3178:(in French). Translated by Harmignies, Roger. Bordas. pp. 242â243.
2625:
Arms of Don Alfonso, Prince of Beira and Duke of Barcelos, Eldest son of
4480:
4245:
4238:
4172:
4142:
4122:
4117:
4102:
4082:
3997:
3962:
3941:
3936:
3924:
3904:
3894:
3853:
3817:
3750:
3705:
3462:
2419:
1817:
1406:
1043:
993:
973:
591:
464:
299:
267:
38:
2418:, the King's other, late brother, before his marriage. (escutcheon of
2410:
Arms of the children of Beatrix of the Netherlands, currently used by
4816:
4790:
4565:
4397:
4250:
4187:
4077:
4060:
4030:
3843:
3810:
3765:
3755:
3496:
3379:
2014:
Arms of the head of the house, former Prince of Naples (or Piedmont)
1394:
1358:
1057:
2434:
Arms for the children of King William Alexander of the Netherlands,
4680:
4432:
4087:
3760:
3639:
3622:
2622:
Arms of Isabel, Duchess of Braganza, wife of the Duke of Braganza
1900:
Initially, the arms were attributed to the cadet. Thus, even when
1437:
963:
168:
126:
1920:, but quartered it with the arms of Burgundy. Another example is
4541:
4536:
3982:
3858:
3745:
1800:
The simpler system primarily used four marks of difference: the
1786:
1050:
287:
3311:
2462:
Arms for the children of Princess Margriet of the Netherlands,
1940:
The most common means of differencing was the use of different
4218:
2503:
1945:
prominent German family to adopt a system of bordures was the
356:
309:
3194:
Lines of succession: heraldry of the royal families of Europe
3224:. Rijksvoorlichtingsdienst (RVD), the Hague, the Netherlands
3057:
Heraldry proficiency program â Canadian Heraldic Information
2859:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, 9th edition (1884), vol. 11, p. 704
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
3307:
3003:(New and rev. ed.). London: Robson Books. p. 31.
2815:
Arms of Princess Leonore, Duchess of Gotland, daughter of
2227:
Arms of the Duchess of Brabant, the heir apparent Princess
910:
In a second letter published at the same time, he wrote:
869:
Nor have cadency marks usually been insisted upon by the
25:
Charges used as marks of cadency in English heraldry: 1:
3073:
Arms of Princes William and Harry, showing differencing
2971:. No. New Series 106. December 2007. pp. 8â9.
373:
326:
2618:
Arms of the Duke of Braganza, head of the Royal house
2017:
Arms of his Heir; the Prince of Piedmont (or Naples)
3249:
Article on Maurits van Vollenhoven, 18-09-2008 10:28
2986:. No. New Series 106. December 2007. p. 9.
2855:
2853:
2378:
Arms of the children of Juliana of the Netherlands,
4804:
4732:
4705:
4629:
4598:
4552:
4490:
4419:
4384:
4356:
4264:
4201:
4016:
3950:
3887:
3826:
3681:
3648:
3571:
3455:
3400:
2362:& Oranje-Nassau Personal Arms, (escutcheon of
2233:Arms of a prince of Belgium, a descendant of King
3169:
3167:
2478:of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (escutcheon of
2245:Arms of a princess of the Royal House of Belgium
1365:and the supporters to ensure uniqueness. Though
3290:. London and Edinburgh: W. & A. K. Johnson.
3117:"Marks of Difference in the French Royal Family"
16:System in heraldry to distinguish family members
2779:, Duchess of VÀstergötland, eldest daughter of
2330:, and an in escutcheon of their paternal arms.
2242:Arms of a prince of the Royal House of Belgium
1345:, because their arms are theoretically decided
1341:There are no actual "rules" for members of the
912:
903:
875:
862:
445:Systems derived from English and Scottish usage
2809:, Duchess of HĂ€lsingland, younger daughter of
652:from the Byng family (on the left) and of the
286:but smaller. They are typically placed on the
3323:
3279:. London and Edinburgh: T.C. & E.C. Jack.
3091:
3089:
3087:
1377:uses a plain white label and (since 1911) an
223:
8:
2895:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (16 April 2013).
2531:. There might be a discussion about this on
1881:Arms of Philip the Bold as Duke of Burgundy
86:External devices in addition to the central
3287:A Treatise on Heraldry: British and Foreign
4381:
3678:
3330:
3316:
3308:
3218:"Wapens van leden van het Koninklijk Huis"
3038:. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. p. 96.
1916:, he retained the arms he had received as
1409:shells taken from the arms of his mother,
1115:Cadency labels of the British royal family
230:
216:
63:
2787:Princess Estelle, Duchess of Ăstergötland
2551:Learn how and when to remove this message
1655:before becoming Count of Anjou and Maine
750:, the mark of cadency for the eighth son.
660:, the mark of cadency for the second son.
3174:Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (1993) .
2707:
2648:
2577:
2263:
2172:
2044:
1980:
1833:
1596:
1479:
968:Differencing system in Scottish heraldry
906:view that they should be used sparingly.
813:. However, if the woman happens to be a
504:
470:
20:
3192:Louda, Jiri; Maclagan, Michael (1981).
2849:
2830:
2335:
1535:
1118:
828:The eldest son of an eldest son uses a
75:
1096:and or adding a border to the shield.
3032:Innes of Learney, Sir Thomas (1956).
1964:saw a great deal of influence by its
693:, who was the third son of the sixth
458:The English system of cadency allows
250:is any systematic way to distinguish
7:
2872:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada.
2436:Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange
2382:& Oranje-Nassau and her sisters
1891:Arms of Charles as Duke of Normandy
1033:for the fourth daughter, a fir twig;
817:, her father's arms are borne on an
791:, the mark of an illegitimate child.
785:George Wyndham, 1st Baron Leconfield
441:for an illustration of the variety.
3273:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909).
2876:from the original on 27 August 2009
2346:Arms of the King of the Netherlands
2313:Eldest son of the Prince of Orange
1894:Arms of Charles as Duke of Guyenne
1816:. The tinctures used were gules; a
890:In correspondence published in the
809:with those of their husband to the
409:adding, removing, or replacing an
14:
1826:bordure gules charged with eight
1748:Charles, Count of Anjou and Maine
1692:Charles, Count of Anjou and Maine
1383:arms of the Principality of Wales
956:Scotland, like England, uses the
4865:
4531:
4499:
2928:Oswald Barron, s.v. "Heraldry",
2799:, Duke of VĂ€rmland, only son of
2659:
2652:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2508:
2455:
2427:
2403:
2371:
2352:
2338:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1737:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1423:John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall
1326:
1311:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1221:
1206:
1191:
1171:
1156:
1138:
1121:
1091:Personal arms registered at the
844:differenced by a mullet, as the
769:
760:
746:(on the right), incorporating a
724:
715:
679:
670:
656:(on the right), incorporating a
638:
629:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
360:
313:
199:
187:
3142:"realtime.at â Domain gecatcht"
2901:. Read Books Ltd. p. 531.
2319:Eldest daughter of the monarch
1924:, younger brother of Louis XI.
2239:Arms of a princess of Belgium
1506:French royal arms before 1376
1:
2997:Brooke-Little, J. P. (1996).
2229:Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant
2142:Queen prior to her accession.
1698:John Tristan, Count of Valois
1520:Azure, three fleurs-de-lys Or
4622:(metal in the United States)
3276:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
2152:only with differing external
2123:Arms of the sisters of Queen
2110:identical to the arms of the
1049:for the seventh daughter, a
1019:for the second daughter, an
3099:(in French). Archived from
2097:those of the King, but the
2095:these arms are identical to
1789:of castles; for Charles, a
1766:Charles, Count of La Marche
1645:Alphonse, Count of Poitiers
1056:for the eighth daughter, a
1042:for the sixth daughter, an
805:their father's arms to the
4916:
3063:. Accessed 28 August 2008.
2947:www.college-of-arms.gov.uk
2571:
2380:Beatrix of the Netherlands
2360:Juliana of the Netherlands
2328:the principality of Orange
2316:Second son of the monarch
2144:These arms are the same as
1452:
1425:(1316â36), younger son of
1112:
1063:for the ninth daughter, a
1036:for the fifth daughter, a
1026:for the third daughter, a
1012:for the first daughter, a
4852:
3345:
3245:"Maurits van Vollenhoven"
2837:also known as an octofoil
2116:parted per pale Oldenburg
1760:Philip, Count of Poitiers
1710:Robert, Count of Clermont
1639:Robert I, Count of Artois
996:is generally irrelevant.
848:was the third son of the
742:(on the left) and of the
3146:www.dr-bernhard-peter.de
2472:Prince Pieter-Christiaan
2118:and Laborde de Monpezat,
1704:Pierre, Count of Alençon
1513:French royal arms after
1411:Diana, Princess of Wales
1354:" of the monarch with a
976:is added in a different
4860:List of oldest heraldry
3284:Woodward, John (1892).
3105:Accessed 18 April 2009.
3097:"Heraldique Europeenne"
2930:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2114:but the inescutcheon is
2091:Crown Prince of Denmark
925:Clarenceux King of Arms
821:on her husband's arms.
439:Armorial of Plantagenet
3176:Les Dynasties d'Europe
2870:"Heraldry Examination"
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2135:of the Hellenes) and
2112:King and Crown Prince,
2099:external ornaments are
1922:Charles, Duke of Berry
1888:, brother of Louis XI
1886:Charles, Duke of Berry
1754:Louis, Count of Evreux
1517:simplified it in 1376
1476:The former royal house
969:
917:
908:
888:
867:
689:The arms of the first
429:or marks of difference
61:
2943:"The Descent of Arms"
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2627:the Duke of Braganza
2572:Further information:
2120:his father's family.
2108:(the King's brother),
1947:House of Hohenzollern
1533:Examples of cadency:
967:
654:Viscount Byng of Vimy
435:Armorial of Capetians
24:
3103:on 22 February 2011.
3000:An heraldic alphabet
2984:The Heraldry Gazette
2969:The Heraldry Gazette
2521:confusing or unclear
2140:; also borne by the
1634:, Count of Clermont
1509:Azure semy-de-lys Or
1427:Edward II of England
1419:azure semé-de-lys or
1109:British royal family
781:Edward Howard-Gibbon
353:Ways of differencing
29:of three points; 2:
4872:Heraldry portal
4299:Hastings/Hungerford
3586:Crowns and coronets
3558:National traditions
3078:27 May 2008 at the
2691:Heiress presumptive
2574:Portuguese heraldry
2529:clarify the section
2146:those of the late
1954:Holy Roman Empire's
1952:As a result of the
1878:(Duke of Touraine)
1822:bordure-label gules
896:Garter King of Arms
258:of the holder of a
206:Heraldry portal
4256:Waterlily/Seeblatt
3480:Ancient and modern
2982:"Correspondence".
2967:"Correspondence".
2817:Princess Madeleine
2807:Princess Madeleine
2762:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2412:Prince Constantijn
2392:Princess Christina
1977:Former royal house
1785:; for Alphonse, a
1779:Blanche of Castile
1444:Continental usages
1431:Isabella of France
1335:Princess Alexandra
1290:Duke of Gloucester
1093:Bureau of Heraldry
970:
928:John Brooke-Little
787:, incorporating a
420:lines of partition
372:. You can help by
325:. You can help by
62:
4887:
4886:
4728:
4727:
4666:(color in Canada)
4352:
4351:
3196:. London: Orbis.
3121:www.heraldica.org
3115:Velde, Francois.
2822:
2821:
2791:Princess Victoria
2777:Princess Victoria
2696:
2695:
2637:
2636:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2388:Princess Margriet
2323:
2322:
2307:Prince of Orange
2249:
2248:
2158:
2157:
2033:
2032:
1898:
1897:
1814:bordure engrailed
1771:
1770:
1649:Original arms of
1531:
1530:
1526:Dauphin of France
1470:House of Lorraine
1455:Capetian Armorial
1260:Duke of Edinburgh
1230:Princess Beatrice
1182:(in Scotland, as
1006:Canadian heraldry
899:Peter Gwynn-Jones
840:are those of the
650:Earl of Strafford
623:
622:
390:
389:
343:
342:
240:
239:
4907:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4708:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4661:
4651:
4643:
4640:
4632:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4588:
4585:
4576:
4573:
4564:
4561:
4535:
4503:
4479:
4476:
4467:
4464:
4455:
4452:
4443:
4440:
4431:
4428:
4408:
4405:
4396:
4393:
4382:
4366:Rule of tincture
4083:Griffin/Keythong
3679:
3370:Officers of arms
3332:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3301:
3280:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3190:Translated from
3189:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3152:on 21 March 2009
3148:. Archived from
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3082:
3070:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3029:
3023:
3022:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2838:
2835:
2708:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2556:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2459:
2431:
2407:
2375:
2356:
2342:
2310:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1918:Duke of Touraine
1884:Arms granted to
1874:Arms granted to
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1352:arms of dominion
1330:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1270:
1255:
1245:Princess Eugenie
1240:
1225:
1210:
1195:
1184:Duke of Rothesay
1175:
1160:
1142:
1125:
1046:(scallop shell);
920:Adopted children
892:Heraldry Society
815:heraldic heiress
773:
764:
744:Viscount Chandos
740:Lyttelton family
728:
719:
683:
674:
642:
633:
578:of three points
570:
563:
556:
549:
542:
535:
528:
521:
514:
471:
385:
382:
364:
357:
338:
335:
317:
310:
296:St Mary's Church
292:rule of tincture
232:
225:
218:
204:
203:
202:
191:
64:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4866:
4864:
4848:
4800:
4724:
4706:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4659:
4649:
4641:
4638:
4630:
4625:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4594:
4586:
4583:
4574:
4571:
4562:
4559:
4548:
4486:
4477:
4474:
4465:
4462:
4453:
4450:
4441:
4438:
4429:
4426:
4415:
4406:
4403:
4394:
4391:
4380:
4348:
4314:Hungerford knot
4284:Cavendish/Savoy
4260:
4197:
4012:
3946:
3883:
3822:
3677:
3644:
3567:
3451:
3396:
3341:
3336:
3305:
3298:
3283:
3272:
3269:
3267:Further reading
3264:
3254:
3252:
3251:. klaas.punt.nl
3242:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3191:
3186:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3095:
3094:
3085:
3080:Wayback Machine
3071:
3067:
3059:(5 April 2007)
3055:
3051:
3031:
3030:
3026:
3011:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2811:Carl XVI Gustaf
2801:Carl XVI Gustaf
2795:Arms of Prince
2789:, daughter of
2781:Carl XVI Gustaf
2770:Carl XVI Gustaf
2706:
2701:
2689:
2686:Princess Leonor
2684:
2673:
2647:
2642:
2626:
2619:
2576:
2570:
2557:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2526:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2490:
2483:
2480:Van Vollenhoven
2468:Prince Bernhard
2460:
2451:
2446:(escutcheon of
2444:Princess Alexia
2440:Princess Ariane
2432:
2423:
2408:
2399:
2394:(escutcheon of
2376:
2367:
2357:
2348:
2343:
2309:(heir apparent)
2308:
2259:
2254:
2252:The Netherlands
2168:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2133:(formerly Queen
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2043:
2038:
2029:
1979:
1974:
1942:heraldic crests
1934:
1902:Philip the Bold
1876:Philip the Bold
1654:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1518:
1507:
1478:
1457:
1451:
1446:
1381:of the ancient
1375:Prince of Wales
1337:
1331:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1187:
1180:Prince of Wales
1176:
1167:
1165:Prince of Wales
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1126:
1117:
1111:
1102:
1089:
1002:
941:
922:
894:'s newsletter,
871:College of Arms
842:Duke of Bedford
795:
794:
793:
792:
776:
775:
774:
766:
765:
754:
753:
752:
751:
736:Viscount Cobham
731:
730:
729:
721:
720:
709:
708:
707:
706:
697:, were given a
695:Duke of Bedford
686:
685:
684:
676:
675:
664:
663:
662:
661:
645:
644:
643:
635:
634:
456:
447:
386:
380:
377:
370:needs expansion
355:
339:
333:
330:
323:needs expansion
308:
236:
200:
198:
193:
192:
186:
179:
165:
158:
151:
144:
137:
130:
123:
116:
109:
102:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4892:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4796:Trophy of arms
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4775:
4774:
4764:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4755:banner of arms
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4657:
4647:
4635:
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4613:
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4602:
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4401:
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4378:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4339:Tristram/Bowen
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
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4291:
4286:
4281:
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4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
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3948:
3947:
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3631:
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3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3425:Ecclesiastical
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3281:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3235:
3209:
3202:
3184:
3163:
3133:
3107:
3083:
3065:
3049:
3024:
3009:
2989:
2974:
2959:
2934:
2921:
2907:
2887:
2861:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2803:
2793:
2783:
2775:Arms of Crown
2773:
2764:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2718:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2569:
2566:
2559:
2558:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2500:Noble families
2498:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2464:Prince Maurits
2461:
2454:
2452:
2433:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2402:
2400:
2384:Princess Irene
2377:
2370:
2368:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2121:
2106:Prince Joachim
2102:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1933:
1930:
1904:exchanged his
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1632:Philip Hurepel
1627:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1562:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1515:King Charles V
1511:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1477:
1474:
1453:Main article:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1403:Duke of Sussex
1339:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1323:
1320:Prince Michael
1317:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1278:
1275:Princess Royal
1272:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1200:Duke of Sussex
1197:
1190:
1188:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1120:
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1088:
1085:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1001:
998:
940:
937:
921:
918:
778:
777:
768:
767:
759:
758:
757:
756:
755:
733:
732:
723:
722:
714:
713:
712:
711:
710:
703:Baron Ampthill
688:
687:
678:
677:
669:
668:
667:
666:
665:
647:
646:
637:
636:
628:
627:
626:
625:
624:
621:
620:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
572:
571:
564:
557:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
460:nuclear family
455:
452:
446:
443:
431:
430:
423:
422:of an ordinary
416:
407:
400:
388:
387:
367:
365:
354:
351:
341:
340:
320:
318:
307:
304:
238:
237:
235:
234:
227:
220:
212:
209:
208:
195:
194:
180:
166:
159:
152:
145:
138:
131:
124:
117:
110:
103:
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
83:
82:
73:
72:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4912:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4845:
4844:Sigillography
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4658:
4655:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4612:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4582:
4579:
4570:
4567:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4473:
4470:
4461:
4458:
4449:
4446:
4437:
4434:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4402:
4399:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:Laurel wreath
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3355:Grant of arms
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3297:9780804806947
3293:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3236:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3205:
3203:9780856132766
3199:
3195:
3187:
3185:2-04-027013-2
3181:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3010:1-86105-077-1
3006:
3002:
3001:
2993:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2910:
2908:9781446549032
2904:
2900:
2899:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2767:Arms of King
2766:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2544:
2541:November 2022
2534:
2533:the talk page
2530:
2524:
2522:
2517:This section
2515:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2476:Prince Floris
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2318:
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2312:
2306:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2220:Arms of King
2219:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2160:
2149:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2103:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1958:Low Countries
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1755:
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1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
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1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:
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1586:
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1577:
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1554:
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1545:
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1536:
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1527:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1465:
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1456:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
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1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1303:Arms of the
1299:
1294:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1150:(in Scotland)
1149:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1108:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1007:
999:
997:
995:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
966:
962:
959:
954:
951:
947:
938:
936:
933:
929:
926:
919:
916:
911:
907:
902:
900:
897:
893:
887:
885:
881:
874:
872:
866:
861:
859:
858:Oswald Barron
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:Earls Russell
834:
831:
826:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
790:
786:
782:
772:
763:
749:
745:
741:
737:
727:
718:
704:
700:
699:mullet argent
696:
692:
682:
673:
659:
655:
651:
641:
632:
619:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
569:
565:
562:
558:
555:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
534:
530:
527:
523:
520:
516:
513:
509:
507:
506:family member
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
473:
472:
469:
467:
466:
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453:
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444:
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436:
428:
424:
421:
417:
414:
413:
408:
405:
401:
399:
395:
394:
393:
384:
375:
371:
368:This section
366:
363:
359:
358:
352:
350:
347:
337:
328:
324:
321:This section
319:
316:
312:
311:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:, similar to
281:
276:
273:
272:undifferenced
269:
264:
261:
257:
254:displayed by
253:
249:
245:
233:
228:
226:
221:
219:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
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185:
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177:
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150:
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143:
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136:
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129:
128:
122:
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115:
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108:
107:
101:
100:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4834:Phaleristics
4767:Roll of arms
4733:Applications
4645:Bleu celeste
4631:Rare colours
4324:Ormonde/Wake
4209:Fleur-de-lis
3771:Inescutcheon
3736:Crozier head
3581:Coat of arms
3501:
3468:Augmentation
3375:King of Arms
3304:
3286:
3275:
3253:. Retrieved
3248:
3238:
3226:. Retrieved
3221:
3212:
3193:
3175:
3154:. Retrieved
3150:the original
3145:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:
3110:
3101:the original
3068:
3060:
3052:
3034:
3027:
2999:
2992:
2983:
2977:
2968:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2946:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2897:
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2864:
2833:
2797:Carl Phillip
2768:
2668:
2645:Royal family
2562:
2547:
2538:
2527:Please help
2518:
2491:
2416:Prince Friso
2332:
2324:
2260:
2257:Royal family
2169:
2166:Royal family
2128:, Princesses
2126:Margrethe II
2079:Arms of the
2078:
2041:Royal family
1951:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1912:in favor of
1899:
1825:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1773:The sons of
1772:
1532:
1524:Arms of the
1519:
1508:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1435:
1418:
1399:fleur-de-lys
1387:Saint George
1379:inescutcheon
1372:
1366:
1346:
1343:royal family
1340:
1305:Duke of Kent
1288:Arms of the
1273:Arms of the
1258:Arms of the
1215:Duke of York
1213:Arms of the
1198:Arms of the
1178:Arms of the
1163:Arms of the
1145:
1128:
1103:
1090:
1087:South Africa
1070:
1003:
990:
971:
955:
942:
930:wrote that "
923:
913:
909:
904:
889:
876:
868:
863:
854:
835:
827:
823:
819:inescutcheon
796:
789:bordure wavy
788:
748:cross moline
747:
734:Arms of the
698:
691:Earl Russell
657:
648:Arms of the
612:cross moline
602:fleur-de-lys
505:
494:Seventh son
463:
457:
448:
432:
426:
418:varying the
410:
391:
381:October 2017
378:
374:adding to it
369:
348:
344:
334:October 2017
331:
327:adding to it
322:
279:
277:
271:
265:
260:coat of arms
247:
241:
183:Coat of arms
181:
173:
167:
160:
153:
146:
139:
132:
125:
118:
111:
104:
97:
88:coat of arms
55:cross moline
47:fleur-de-lys
18:
4839:Vexillology
4600:Rare metals
4580:(blood red)
4178:Winged lion
4158:Sea-griffin
4093:Hippocampus
4026:Allocamelus
3668:Fimbriation
3596:Compartment
3573:Achievement
3541:Marshalling
3507:distinction
3365:Law of arms
3350:Authorities
3061:Heraldry.ca
2704:Royal house
2568:Royal house
2448:Zorreguieta
2364:Mecklenburg
2224:of Belgium
2154:ornaments.
2148:Frederik IX
2101:different.
2027:Savoy-Aosta
2021:Savoy-Genoa
1795:label gules
1421:) borne by
950:law of arms
880:John Writhe
497:Eighth son
485:Fourth son
479:Second son
425:the use of
256:descendants
155:Compartment
99:Escutcheon
80:achievement
4784:equestrian
4568:(mulberry)
4294:Harrington
4224:Quatrefoil
4153:Salamander
4098:Hippogriff
4056:Cockatrice
4036:Amphiptere
4008:Wolfsangel
3988:Portcullis
3900:Black swan
3854:Camelopard
3683:Ordinaries
3601:Escutcheon
3551:impalement
3546:quartering
3529:variations
3447:Attributed
3385:pursuivant
2914:11 October
2845:References
2523:to readers
2131:Anne Marie
2089:Christian,
2023:(extinct)
1968:neighbor.
1812:, and the
1775:Louis VIII
1593:Past usage
1405:has three
1073:Armstrongs
1038:chess rook
618:quatrefoil
500:Ninth son
491:Sixth son
488:Fifth son
482:Third son
476:First son
406:or bordure
306:Background
67:Part of a
4877:resources
4822:socialist
4745:Hatchment
4740:Bookplate
4720:Carnation
4707:Realistic
4520:Erminites
4358:Tinctures
4309:Hinckaert
4274:Bourchier
4128:Ouroboros
4113:Manticore
4018:Legendary
3993:Reremouse
3930:Przepaska
3859:Hind/stag
3849:Dog/hound
3658:Attitudes
3635:Supporter
3563:Societies
3524:divisions
3473:abatement
2880:30 August
2235:Leopold I
2138:Benedikte
1962:Rhineland
1081:Bradfords
1077:Ravignats
1028:snowflake
946:Lord Lyon
738:from the
402:adding a
396:changing
268:armiger's
113:Supporter
4900:Heraldry
4894:Category
4829:Logotype
4772:Illyrian
4654:BrunĂątre
4578:Sanguine
4515:Erminois
4483:(purple)
4376:Hatching
4371:Tricking
4334:Stafford
4234:Shamrock
4183:Woodwose
4163:Sea-lion
4133:Pantheon
4108:Lindworm
4051:Chollima
4046:Biscione
4041:Basilisk
3963:Crapaudy
3864:Kangaroo
3726:Componée
3720:ĆÄkawica
3616:pavilion
3611:Mantling
3490:courtesy
3485:Alliance
3413:dominion
3408:National
3339:Heraldry
3228:30 April
3076:Archived
3019:41294384
2874:Archived
2805:Arms of
2785:Arms of
2494:Manuel I
2488:Portugal
2304:Monarch
2222:Philippe
2104:Arms of
2087:Arms of
1960:and the
1914:Burgundy
1910:Touraine
1906:appanage
1764:Arms of
1758:Arms of
1752:Arms of
1746:Arms of
1708:Arms of
1702:Arms of
1696:Arms of
1690:Arms of
1643:Arms of
1637:Arms of
1630:Arms of
1367:de facto
1333:Arms of
1318:Arms of
1243:Arms of
1228:Arms of
1148:The King
1146:Arms of
1131:The King
1129:Arms of
1044:escallop
982:ordinary
978:tincture
939:Scotland
850:6th Duke
846:1st Earl
807:sinister
779:Arms of
658:crescent
582:crescent
427:brisures
412:ordinary
398:tincture
280:brisures
244:heraldry
134:Mantling
77:Heraldic
59:octofoil
31:crescent
4805:Related
4673:Cendrée
4656:(brown)
4510:Ermines
4481:Purpure
4471:(green)
4447:(black)
4420:Colours
4400:(white)
4304:Heneage
4246:Thistle
4239:Trefoil
4173:Unicorn
4148:Phoenix
4143:Pegasus
4138:Panther
4123:Musimon
4118:Mermaid
4103:Lampago
4073:Enfield
4066:Chinese
4003:Serpent
3998:Scallop
3968:Dolphin
3942:Pelican
3937:Martlet
3925:Szaszor
3895:Alerion
3869:Leopard
3844:Bull/ox
3818:Saltire
3806:Roundel
3781:Lozenge
3751:Flaunch
3716:Chevron
3706:Bordure
3691:Annulet
3663:Erasure
3650:Charges
3514:Canting
3502:Cadency
3463:Armiger
3437:Burgher
3390:private
3360:History
3255:4 April
3243:Klaas.
3156:6 April
3126:6 April
3044:1647789
2952:6 April
2519:may be
2420:Amsberg
2161:Belgium
2036:Denmark
1932:Germany
1818:compony
1806:bordure
1791:bordure
1651:Charles
1415:charges
1407:scallop
1100:Ireland
1065:clarion
994:armiger
986:charges
974:bordure
932:adopted
865:family.
860:noted:
799:lozenge
616:double
597:annulet
592:martlet
465:brisure
454:England
300:Warwick
284:charges
248:cadency
43:annulet
39:martlet
4817:Emblem
4791:Tabard
4715:Proper
4694:
4689:Orange
4686:
4678:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4652:
4650:
4642:
4639:
4618:
4616:
4611:Copper
4608:
4587:
4584:
4575:
4572:
4566:Murrey
4563:
4560:
4553:Stains
4542:Potent
4505:Ermine
4478:
4475:
4466:
4463:
4459:(blue)
4454:
4451:
4442:
4439:
4430:
4427:
4412:(gold)
4407:
4404:
4398:Argent
4395:
4392:
4385:Metals
4251:Turnip
4202:Plants
4188:Wyvern
4078:Garuda
4061:Dragon
4031:Alphyn
3827:Beasts
3811:Bezant
3766:Hamade
3756:Goutte
3711:Canton
3628:slogan
3606:Helmet
3497:Blazon
3456:Topics
3380:herald
3294:
3200:
3182:
3042:
3017:
3007:
2932:, 1911
2905:
2699:Sweden
2672:of the
1966:French
1828:plates
1824:and a
1808:, the
1804:, the
1449:France
1395:anchor
1359:argent
1347:ad hoc
1058:buckle
1021:ermine
1000:Canada
884:Garter
811:dexter
803:impale
587:mullet
266:As an
175:slogan
162:Charge
141:Helmet
69:series
35:mullet
4762:Badge
4681:Ochre
4590:Tenné
4457:Azure
4445:Sable
4435:(red)
4433:Gules
4329:Savoy
4289:Dacre
4279:Bowen
4266:Knots
4168:Tyger
4088:Harpy
3973:Emmet
3951:Other
3920:Eagle
3888:Birds
3776:Label
3761:Gyron
3741:Chief
3731:Cross
3673:Lines
3640:Torse
3623:Motto
3591:Crest
3536:Fraud
3519:Field
3442:Women
3430:papal
3418:civic
3401:Types
2825:Notes
2640:Spain
2396:Lippe
1972:Italy
1802:label
1783:label
1438:gules
1391:heart
1373:Each
1363:crest
1356:label
1023:spot;
1014:heart
958:label
830:label
576:label
404:label
169:Motto
148:Crown
127:Torse
120:Crest
106:Field
57:; 9:
53:; 8:
49:; 7:
45:; 6:
41:; 5:
37:; 4:
33:; 3:
27:label
4779:Seal
4750:Flag
4697:Rose
4664:Buff
4620:Buff
4537:Vair
4525:Pean
4492:Furs
4469:Vert
4344:Wake
4319:Lacy
4229:Rose
4193:Yale
3983:Lucy
3915:Dove
3910:Crow
3905:Cock
3879:Wolf
3874:Lion
3839:Boar
3834:Bear
3801:Pile
3796:Pall
3791:Pale
3786:Orle
3746:Fess
3701:Bend
3292:ISBN
3257:2013
3230:2012
3198:ISBN
3180:ISBN
3158:2018
3128:2018
3040:OCLC
3015:OCLC
3005:ISBN
2954:2018
2916:2017
2903:ISBN
2882:2008
2681:Arms
2675:King
2670:Arms
2474:and
2442:and
2390:and
2081:King
1810:bend
1787:semy
1777:and
1429:and
1079:and
1051:harp
783:and
607:rose
437:and
433:See
288:fess
252:arms
172:(or
51:rose
4812:Mon
4219:Oak
3978:Ged
3958:Bee
3696:Bar
2683:of
1908:of
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