583:, local communities and the state were entrusted with the responsibility of the religious buildings, but certain communes refused to take charge of some of these buildings, which were not considered to be of "national interest", while other localities did not hesitate to auction off their heritage, which caused scandals and revealed the weaknesses of the legislative texts of 1887. The law of December 31, 1913, on historic monuments complemented and improved the provisions of the 1887 law, widening the field of protection of the classification criteria (to properties whose conservation no longer responds simply to the notion of "national interest" but to that of "public interest", which also takes into account the small local heritage classification extended to private property without needing the consent of the owner, a prelude to registration in the additional inventory), defining the obligatory actors, establishing criminal and civil sanctions in the event of unauthorized work on listed monuments, etc. That same year, the Commission of Historic Monuments also accepted four castles dating from later than the Middle Ages:
1133:
owner with the assistance of the architect and companies of his choice and will be carried out under the control of the administration, under the scientific and technical control of the state. When the owner, the beneficiary, his agent or any person providing proof of a title authorizing him to have work carried out informs the regional prefect of his intention to carry out a work project on a building, an object or an organ protected, the regional prefect makes available to him the state of knowledge at his disposal on the property in question and indicates to him the regulatory, architectural and technical constraints that the project must respect. An appointment with the architect of the buildings of France is more than desirable before the filing of the file. In the case of work on a classified property, the regional prefect indicates to him, depending on the nature, importance and complexity of the work envisaged, the scientific and technical studies which must be carried out prior to determining the operating program.
1526:(NRHP). A major difference is that in France permanent restrictions are attached to a public or private building, disallowing renovations which have not received approval. In the U.S., NRHP listing imposes no such restrictions, and indeed many NRHP-listed buildings have been altered or entirely demolished by their owners, without requiring any Federal review. Depending on location, though, local governments may, however, impose restrictions on recognized historic properties through their building codes and zoning laws. NRHP listing is a "primarily an honor". Listing does provide eligibility for Federal tax subsidies for eligible restorations and for renovations that preserve historic character, and for state or local subsidies too, again depending upon the location. Also public awareness associated with a listing may contribute indirectly towards protection.
632:
878:
33:
924:
1416:
624:
640:
area located near a listed or registered building. The protection of classified natural sites is currently governed by the
Environment Code. The law of February 25, 1943, modifying the law of December 31, 1913, clarifies these provisions by introducing a field of vision of 500 meters. The law of 1943 indeed considers that a monument is also the impression that its surroundings give. This is why the law imposes a form of vigilance with regard to work projects in the field of visibility of historic monuments. Numerous classifications are made during the
1060:
the file is submitted to the
Minister, the National Heritage and Architecture Commission makes a decision and then has two possibilities: either it proposes the classification, or it proposes or confirms the registration if the building presented does not justify not a ranking. In the case of acceptance of the owner, the minister signs the order of ranking, prepared by the Regional Conservation of Historical Monuments concerned. The publication of the list of protected historic monuments in the course of one year is made in an issue of
789:
256:
1191:
189:
1406:, the logo designating historic monuments can be affixed to any monument subject to protection as historical monuments. The commercial exploitation of this logo has been entrusted by the Ministry of Culture to the union of associations REMPART, which manages the manufacture of unified panels and the conditions of use of the logo on all media other than paper. Presented in 1985, it was modernized in 2017 by the Rudi Baur agency at the same time as the "remarkable heritage site" logo was created.
564:
1171:
837:
since 1943 on all works located in covisibility and, henceforth, in the vicinity of historical monuments by virtue of the provisions of
Article L. 621-30.II of the Heritage Code, or in remarkable heritage sites (former sectors saved) since 1964. In reality, there are therefore several hundred thousand existing buildings, if not several million, which are directly or indirectly protected in France by a rigorous aesthetic and heritage control, during any work on them.
1431:
247:
1103:
1311:
465:
1049:
951:
507:, the Director of Public monuments, the new Commission carried out inventory and classification work (classification on the basis of political considerations then emphasizing around 1835 sites primarily of historical interest only, expanded from 1841 to include those for their architectural quality) and the allocation of funding. It was also responsible for training architects who work on monuments (starting with
284:("National Properties"), created in the wake of the nationalization of Church property (Decree of the clergy property made available to the Nation of 2 November 1789), emigrants (Decree of 9 November 1791) and the crown of France (Decree of 10 August 1792), have had varying fortunes. Some were appropriated by the state due to popular vindictiveness, giving rise to the notion of vandalism invented by the
1137:
by the ACHM with territorial jurisdiction and the maintenance work by the architect of the buildings of France (with an extremely blurred border since the intervention of the ABF was free), the state abolished the compulsory recourse to the administration except for its own property. Thus, all so-called "heritage" architects (that is to say, graduates of additional training, either carried out at the
1338:
non-compliance with this commitment, this leads to an increase in income for the year the monument was sold and for the two following years by the amount of deductions made. Work undertaken on a classified property must always consist of restoration and not of "reconstruction". It is a question of restoring the existing one, and not of completing a work which would have disappeared with time.
1250:
monument. The servitude to protect the surroundings automatically comes into play as soon as a building is classified or registered. All modifications to the exterior appearance of buildings, new constructions, but also interventions on exterior spaces must receive the authorization of the architect of buildings of France (ABF). Advertising and signs are also under its control.
572:
from the situation of diocesan architects in the
Service des Edifices Diocésains—a state agency designed for the specific upkeep of church properties—and gradually replacing local architects) established by decree of 26 January 1892. In 1893 the first competition of the ACMH took place, and finally in 1907 a decree permanently enshrined their legal status.
518:, composed of 1082 historical monuments, including 934 buildings. This list consisted only of prehistoric monuments and ancient and medieval buildings (those constructed between the 5th and 16th centuries), which predictably included many religious buildings, but also objects that today might be termed broadly "material culture", such as the
777:) were also listed at the end of the 1990s, mainly in Nancy. To accentuate this visibility, the label "Heritage 20th century" was created in 1999, automatically assigned to all the historical monuments built during the 20th century, but the present buildings in ZPPAUP or offered for regional commission heritage and architecture.
615:, Renaissance and neoclassical military architecture began to be classified as well. Finally, it was during this period that a sort of second-order classification was invented: the "inscription in the supplementary inventory of historical monuments", in 1925, which in 2005 became the "inscription under the title of historic monuments."
1272:
perimeter is established if possible after agreement of the authority (municipal or inter-municipal) competent to set the local urban plan. If no agreement is reached, the decision is taken by the
Ministry of Culture. However, if the perimeter extends beyond the distance of 500 meters, a decree in Council of State is necessary.
1207:
1036:
of buildings in France with territorial jurisdiction or the
Regional Conservation of Historic Monuments attached to the Regional Directorate of Cultural Affairs. In the context of buildings or objects requiring an archaeological study or found during excavations, the regional archeology service can examine the file.
746:, which are collection of documents, were eligible to be classified as "historical monuments", until the passage of a 1979 law on archives. This established a specific regime (currently codified in book II of the heritage code), which is, however, inspired by much of the regime of historical monuments.
1337:
However, if the work relates to a part of the building that is not classified or registered, the land charges are deductible only if the building is income-producing and essentially protected. The property must be kept for at least 15 years by its owner (natural person or family SCI). In the event of
1271:
Since the SRU law, the protection perimeter corresponding to the first case can be modified (widened or narrowed), on a proposal from the architect of the buildings of France, with the agreement of the municipal council . Since the law on the freedom of creation, architecture and heritage (2016), the
1035:
The classification process can be proposed by the owner or any public actor (territorial architecture and heritage service which has become a departmental architecture and heritage unit, regional inventory service, etc.) or private (heritage conservation associations, for example), with the architect
769:
Also protected are historic villages: Joan of Arc's birthplace (classified from 1840) or that of
Napoleon I, the wall of Federated, Oradour-sur-Glane (ranked May 10, 1946), etc.; and gardens: around 1920 the parks of Versailles and Fontainebleau were listed, as was that of Azay-le-Rideau around 1930.
554:
were reluctant to recognize the prerogatives of the state over their heritage; furthermore, the classification of monuments that were privately owned required the owners' consent. These obstacles explain why the number of monuments classified annually actually decreased from 2,800 in 1848 to 1,563 in
525:
Subsequently, the
Commission continued its inventory work, and the historical monuments increased in number and the area of protection widened in three directions: chronological, categorical (that is, towards vernacular architecture), and typological or conceptual (towards the protection of buildings
1267:
In the second case, the notion of surroundings of a historic monument corresponds to that of field of visibility or covisibility and means that from a space on the ground accessible to the public the construction is visible from the monument, or that from the same point of view the two buildings are
1157:
The amount of the possible state participation is determined by the nature of its protection (registered or classified) "taking into account the particular characteristics of this building, its current state, the nature of the planned work, and finally the efforts consented by the owner or any other
1085:
correspondence mentioning it, press articles, etc.) and an administrative file including the decree and the various stages protection. Finally, the file is archived and kept by the CRMH. These files are public and can be consulted, with the exception of confidential documents with regard to the law.
808:
As of 1 February 2015, there were 43,600 buildings protected as historical monuments in France (14,100 classified and 29,500 registered), as well as around 300,000 movable objects (more than 135,000 classified and around 150,000 registered) to which it is necessary to add 1,400 musical organs. 49.4%
1333:
Regarding income tax: property charges: works, insurance, property taxes, interest on loans, etc. relating to protected parts are deductible up to 50% of taxable income. And up to 100% when the monument is open to the public or for the part of the subsidized work remaining the responsibility of the
1275:
According to article L. 621-32 of the heritage code, when a building is located in the vicinity of a building protected as historical monuments, its exterior appearance cannot be modified without prior authorization, which may take the place of those other legislations listed in article L. 632-2 of
1149:
In the event of an unsuccessful call for tenders, ACHM and ABF may be appointed as prime contractor. They can call on a monument restoration association, which then implements the rehabilitation of the listed heritage through concrete actions (masonry, stone cutting, guided tours, etc.) carried out
1136:
Since Decree no. 2009-749 of June 22, 2009, relating to the project management on buildings classified as historical monuments, the historical monuments service is withdrawing from the project management and the project management. Whereas previously, the restoration work had to be carried out
571:
The law of 30 March 1887, for the conservation of historic monuments, enumerated for the first time the specific criteria and procedure for official classification of monuments. It also contains provisions establishing the body of chief architects of historic monuments (or ACMH, drawing inspiration
1381:
After examination of the file and opinion of the provincial commission of sites and monuments, the classification or the inscription is pronounced by decree of the president of the province in the event of agreement of the owner, or by deliberation of the assembly of province in the case opposite.
1342:
the public. The opening period is 60 days from 15 June to 15 September, or 80 days between 1 May and 30 September (including
Sundays and public holidays). This exemption from inheritance tax is also granted for property owned in a company, such as family SCIs that have not opted for corporate tax.
1341:
Concerning inheritance or donation: historic monuments may be exempt from inheritance or donation tax. However, this exemption is not automatic, and is subject to the signing of an indefinite agreement with the
Ministers of Culture and Finance including a commitment to conservation and openness to
1059:
The prefect, according to the opinion of the commission, can issue a registration order, or refuse it. Whether the decree is taken or not, he can also choose, depending on the wish expressed by the commission or not, to send the file to the Ministry of Culture for classification. In the event that
937:
The historical monuments research laboratory (LRMH) is a service with national competence of the Ministry of Culture, attached to the service responsible for heritage within the General Directorate of Heritage. He is part of the Center for Research on Conservation (CRC), a team associated with USR
666:
to safeguard sectors of towns that were first created by the decree of March 4, 1964. As a result, the service of the General Inventory of monuments and artistic riches of France does not list only singular historical monuments. Meanwhile, historic buildings open to civil architecture sixteenth to
1279:
Thus, any landscape or building located in the vicinity of a historic monument is subject to specific regulations in the event of modification, which must obtain the prior agreement of the architect of the buildings of France. The latter can issue an assent, which means that the mayor is bound by
1132:
Maintenance, repair and restoration work carried out for the conservation of the building may benefit from state aid (limited to 40% of the total amount, but cumulative with those, if any, from other communities). The work authorized on a classified or registered building must be scheduled by the
1067:
A registration order can be issued for a building without the agreement of the owner of the monument, unlike a classification order. In the event of refusal by the owner of the building or of the object that it is proposed to classify, the classification can be carried out ex officio by decree in
639:
The law of May 2, 1930, which replaced that of 1906, consolidated the procedures for classifying built monuments on the one hand, and that of sites and natural spaces, by creating the category of "classified site and registered site". It also introduced the possibility of classifying as a site an
1249:
Protecting the relationship between a building and its environment consists, depending on the case, in ensuring the quality of the interventions (facades, roofs, materials), taking care of the treatment of floors, street furniture and lighting, or even prohibiting any new construction around the
1145:
or equivalent) can claim maintenance and "repair" work on a listed monument. The "restoration" works are open to competition from architects from the European community who are qualified to take the competition based on qualifications, who have ten years of experience in restoring old buildings,
941:
The LRMH is responsible for carrying out scientific and technical studies as well as research on the conservation of buildings and cultural heritage objects protected as Historical Monuments. He studies the constituent materials and the alteration phenomena that compromise their conservation. He
836:
But the control of the architect of the buildings of France is also exercised by the means of the requirement, since 1977, of his agreement on the permit to demolish buildings located in the perimeters protected for their patrimonial or environmental interest (sites registered, etc.), as well as
896:
The Architecture and Heritage Media Library (MAP) is responsible for collecting, conserving and communicating the archives and documentation of the administration of historic monuments since its creation in 1830 and the state's photographic heritage, comprising more than four million prints and
575:
Proposed by the Minister of Public Education Aristide Briand, the law of April 21, 1906, on the protection of natural sites and monuments of artistic character, resulted from the action carried out among others by the Society of Friends of Trees (founded in 1898 by Julien-François Jeannel), the
1301:
Law no. 2016-925, Article 109: "Art. L. 221-1. - For the conduct of guided tours in the museums of France and historical monuments, natural or legal persons carrying out, including on an ancillary basis, the operations mentioned in I of article L. 211-1 may only use the services qualified
1039:
The protection request file is generally made up by the documentary study officers of the Regional Conservation of Historic Monuments . The file must include a documentary part giving detailed information on the building (history, urban situation, legal, etc.) and photographic and cartographic
1345:
Concerning the ISI: historical monuments are integrated into the taxable base of the ISI as was the case for the solidarity tax on wealth (ISF). However, the tax administration is tolerant as regards the estimation of these historic residences, because it must take into account the particular
237:
Long subject to the provisions of the law of 31 December 1913, classification and registration are now governed by Title II of Book VI of the Heritage Code and can take 15 to 18 months (legislative part and regulatory part) to fully enshrine a place or object. From a legal point of view, this
1161:
From 2018, old and listed buildings will be able to become producers and, possibly, self-consumers of solar energy under certain conditions, such as on outbuildings or on parts of the building that are not visible (for some time now, architects have sometimes allowed "discrete solar tiles").
1231:
Considering that the heritage value and the amenity of a monument is also the "impression" that its surroundings provide, the law of 1943, amended by article 40 of the SRU law of December 2000, imposes a form of vigilance with regard to work projects in the "field of visibility" of historic
757:
was classified in 1992) and the machines (the automobile collection Schlumpf was classified in 1978 to avoid its dispersion). At the same time the mission of maritime and fluvial heritage, with the classification of lighthouses, beacons, river cranes, then boats (the first of these were the
1084:
The protection file is created both in the case of registration and classification, throughout the examination of the file. It includes a historical file, summarizing the research carried out on the monument and justifying its protection (photographs showing the evolution of the monument,
576:
French Alpine Club, the Society for the Protection of Landscapes and the aesthetics of France, and the Touring Club of France, which had all protested vigorously against the effects of industrialization. the 1906 law laid down the principle of classification of picturesque natural sites.
1283:
Article L. 632-2.II and III of the Heritage Code provides for cases of appeal by the applicant or the authority ruling on the application against the opinion of the architect of buildings in France, reminded in particular to Articles R. 424-14 and R. 423-68 of the Town Planning Code.
1071:
In case of emergency (danger, safeguarding of heritage, etc.), a classification authority procedure can be set up by the administrative authority (minister or prefect). The administration then has a period of one year to set up the procedure, on the date of notification to the owner.
840:
Faced with the sharp increase in the number of historical monuments, some authors such as Françoise Choay consider that the historic monument has become a kind of Noah syndrome: the state continues to register historical monuments in greater quantity than what it can actually occupy.
76:. It may also refer to the state procedure in France by which national heritage protection is extended to a building, a specific part of a building, a collection of buildings, a garden, a bridge, or other structure, because of their importance to France's architectural and historical
2013:
1358:
As heritage protection is not the responsibility of the state, the texts are different in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. If the classification or registration procedures are adapted to the status of each community, the other metropolitan rules are largely identical.
1075:
Once the protection is effective, the Territorial Architecture and Heritage Service (STAP) takes over. The architect of buildings of France (ABF) is the privileged interlocutor with regard to the control of the application of the easements once the effective protection.
1393:
After examination of the file, it is submitted to the opinion of the historical heritage commission, composed of two sections respectively for buildings and for furniture. Classification or registration is pronounced by decree taken in the Council of Ministers.
212:. This is a recognition of public interest for buildings (buildings, gardens and parks, archaeological reserves, etc.) which more specifically concerns the art and history attached to the monument and constitutes a public utility easement.
1153:
For listed historic monuments, the use of an architect is compulsory. All work must be the subject of a building permit (even those generally subject to prior declaration). For example, replacing shutters involves a building permit.
809:
of historical monuments are private property; the municipalities own 55.82%, versus 5.67% for the state and 3.6% for other local authorities. A third of historical monuments concern domestic architecture, 29.6% are religious buildings.
1640:
1625:
90:
Buildings may be given the classification (or inscription) for either their exteriors or interiors. A monument's designation could be for a building's décor, its furniture, a single room, or even a staircase. An example is the
1529:
Property types eligible vary as well. Archives (collections of books and documents) were eligible for classification in France, while not ever in the U.S. Relatively smaller and more moveable items which might be allowed as
288:
in a report presented to the Convention on 31 August 1794 on "the destruction carried out by vandalism and the means of recovering it". Other properties have been kept by the state and have changed functions (prisons such as
1117:
Once listed, the monument cannot be transferred (sold, bequeathed, given, etc.) without first informing the Minister of Culture. The new owner must be informed, before the sale, of the classification or the registration.
602:
in 1926), but which was then compensated by the subsidization of works, then by tax advantages. It also opens up to the Renaissance and the age of neoclassicism, roughly from the 16th to the 18th century (e.g., the
1142:
942:
works on the treatments to be applied to altered works, as well as on the conservation conditions of the monuments and objects studied. It disseminates the results of its studies and research as widely as possible.
492:
on 27 May 1834. The mission of the Inspector of Historic Monuments was to classify the buildings and to distribute the funds for maintenance and restoration. On 29 September 1837, the Minister of the Interior, the
250:
The dome covering the antenna of the space telecommunications center of Pleumeur-Bodou was classified in 2000 as historical monuments and according to the label "Patrimoine du XXe siècle" (Patrimony of the 20th
832:
As of 31 December 2008, there were 43,180 monuments distributed as follows: 14,367 classified and 28,813 registered as historical monuments, 323 additional compared to 2007, 44,236 in 2012 and 44,318 in 2014.
1302:
persons holding a professional guide-lecturer card issued under conditions set by decree of the Council of State. The legal persons mentioned in III of article L. 211-18 are not subject to this obligation."
1088:
A summary file for the work is also compiled, including the preliminary studies of the work and the documentary files of the works executed. They can also be viewed by the public once the work is completed.
580:
1114:
For any alteration to the building or listed object, the owners must make a request at least four months before the start of work to the prefect, indicating the details of the work to be carried out.
1260:
in the absence of a delimited perimeter, to any building, whether built or not, visible from the historic monument or visible at the same time as it and located less than five hundred meters from it;
1242:
L. 621-30 and following and L. 632-2 of the Heritage Code, R. 425-1 of the town planning code or L. 581-8 (advertisements) and R. 581-16 (brands) of the environment code for work in these perimeters;
1377:
in the Loyalty Islands Province, by Chapters II and III (s. 10-33) of the resolution no. 90-66 / API of July 20, 1990, on the protection and conservation of heritage in the province of Islands.
900:
To this end, the MAP is made up of four scientific departments: archives and library, documentation, photography and the Center for Research on Historical Monuments (CRMH) and has three sites in
1374:
in the South Province, by Chapters II and III (art. 10 to 33) of the deliberation no. 14-90 / APS of January 24, 1990, on the protection and conservation of heritage in the South Province;
1052:
Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-duc, a friend of Prosper Merrimée, was one of the first architects employed to restore some of the first buildings listed on the Historic Monuments register in 1840.
938:
3224 of the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) also made up of the Center for Research on the Conservation of Collections (CRCC) and the Conservation-Research of the Music Museum.
1257:
to any building, whether built or not, located within the perimeter delimited under the conditions set out in Article L. 621-31. This perimeter may be common to several historical monuments;
522:. All of these sites were and remain properties of the state, the department or the municipality in which they are located, the conservation of which requires work (and therefore funds).
472:
In 1819, for the first time, the budget of the Ministry of the Interior included an allowance of 80,000 francs for "historical monuments", about one-fifteenth of the total sum. Under the
1280:
this opinion, or a simple opinion if, in the case concerned, there is no covisibility. The mayor's decision is then not bound by the opinion of the architect of the buildings of France.
1263:
to any part not protected as historical monuments of a classified or partially protected historic monument. This provision replaced the notion of backing onto a classified building only.
390:
was founded in 1804 by Éloi Johanneau and others, who met for the first time on 3 Ventôse year XIII (22 February 1805). This first association was to be devoted only to the study of the
367:. The protection of historic monuments necessarily involves the creation of an inventory, and from 1795 onward the council of civil buildings completed the inventory of the castles that
598:
During the 1920s and 1930s, the classification opened up to private heritage, which created an easement which was then considered as a deprivation of property (see on this subject the
749:
The end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s saw the beginning of the protection of the industrial heritage, both the architecture (the mill of the Menier chocolate factory by
915:
In addition, the collection of models and materials (the material library) of the research center are hosted by the Chaillot school to serve as educational support for its students.
844:
Currently, the restoration credits allocated by the Ministry of Culture are decentralized in the DRACs or managed by the operator of heritage and real estate projects for culture.
1390:
In French Polynesia, historical monuments fall of Book VI of the Code of the heritage of French Polynesia adopted by the law of the country no. 2005-10 of November 19, 2015.
631:
226:
The two protections can also apply to movable objects (either furniture proper, or buildings by destination) of historical, artistic, technical, etc. interest. under the name of
340:, opened in 1795, in which he gathered the fragments of architecture that he had managed to save from destruction over the previous several years. But this museum was closed by
515:
337:
1040:
documents. It also includes the opinions of the chief architect of historical monuments, of the architect of buildings of France and of the curator of historic monuments.
1972:
1032:
The buildings are classified or listed as historical monuments respectively according to the provisions of Articles L. 621-1 and L. 621-25 et seq. of the Heritage Code.
1415:
1056:
The protection file thus constituted is then submitted to the opinion of the regional commission for heritage and architecture (CRPA) chaired by the regional prefect.
662:
during which destruction continues to rebuild something new, the protection in reaction changes scale. On October 4, 1962, a new law empowered the Minister of Culture
644:, in order to prevent destruction by the occupier, but also to make the people in charge of protection work partly in order to escape the compulsory labor service in
1880:
877:
868:
863:
858:
494:
332:, adopted the decree of 13 October 1790, which created the Commission of Monuments, whose role is to study "the fate of monuments, arts and sciences". In 1791,
2055:
1019:
1657:. This law was repealed and codified in the Heritage Code, but the repeal was deferred until the publication of the regulatory part of the code in 2011.
671:, in 1969, and the monumental architecture of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This is when a few of those monuments were entered or classified:
658:
After the Second World War and the massive destruction due to the German bombings of 1940 and the Allies of 1944 and 1945, and the economic boom of the
2125:
80:. Both public and privately owned structures may be listed in this way, as well as movable objects. As of 2012, there were 44,236 monuments listed.
2104:
219:(formerly known as "registration in the supplementary inventory of historic monuments"), for furniture and buildings of regional interest, and the
398:
proposed to change the name of the society to give it one more in line with its activity. The new statutes as well as the new one of the company,
635:
The Villa Majorelle in Nancy was one of the early sites classified as "20th Century Heritage", as part of the work of the Ecole de Nancy in 1999.
1560:
1550:
1326:
relatively recently added to the list of French historic monuments as part of a recognition of France's significant maritime built environment.
375:
2130:
1945:
1679:
1523:
223:
to a level of national interest. Usually, places (in the first case) are said to be "registered", and objects are said to be "classified".
1838:
Rapport d'information no 599, Au service d'une politique nationale du patrimoine: le rôle incontournable du Centre des monuments nationaux
1980:
1719:
L'événement le plus important de la Révolution : la vente des biens nationaux (1789-1867) en France et dans les territoires annexés
733:
1175:
1158:
person interested in the conservation of the monument." Work remaining the responsibility of the owner may be offset by tax benefits.
145:
32:
1014:
129:. Since the 1990s, a significant number of places have been given the designation because of their historical importance to science.
1422:
508:
607:
in 1920). There was also the acceptance, timidly, of eclectic architecture of the 19th century: the classification in 1923 of the
87:
for a monument of national-level significance. Monuments of lesser significance may be "inscribed" by various regional entities.
2091:
1906:
1772:
1403:
599:
173:
42:
923:
1477:
1969:
1545:
1496:
in Giverny. The scope of the monuments covered is broad enough to include individual tombs of important people, for example,
538:, responsible for photographing French monuments, one of the earliest and most significant widespread and systematic uses of
1245:
R. 621-96 et seq. of the Heritage Code for work not subject to authorization under the town planning or environmental codes.
852:
The following graphs summarize the number of classification and registration as historical monuments by decade, since 1840.
623:
348:, and its collections, which were to be returned "to families and churches", were ultimately dispersed from state control.
140:
to specify and safeguard certain structures. Though the first classifications were given in the 19th century by the writer
1186:), is classified as a historical monument, as are, independently, its bell on the one hand, and the cemetery on the other.
897:
fifteen million negatives dating back to the origins of photography and including those relating to historical monuments.
345:
301:), but the greater part were sold to individuals, often to serve as a quarry for building materials and have disappeared (
65:
1068:
Council of State. The registration of a movable object belonging to a private person cannot be made without his consent.
1430:
1064:
of the French Republic of the following year, but the protection is effective from the signing of the protection order.
1010:
84:
728:
were destroyed between 1969 and 1971 (only one pavilion was classified as a historical monument and was reassembled in
355:
subsequently inspired numerous responses, particularly ones tinged with nostalgia and romanticism; for example, either
1876:
780:
The name "additional inventory of historic monuments" was replaced by "registration as historical monuments" in 2005.
1334:
owner. The objective of the administration is to help preserve our historical heritage and to promote its safeguard.
1121:
Likewise, no new construction may be built against the protected building without the prior consent of the Minister.
535:
149:
1555:
1489:
1110:
were controversially restored by Viollet-le-duc to a state that had never existed at any point in history in 1853.
328:. The idea of preserving a site linked to the Ancien Régime circulated, and the Assembly, under the impetus of
1481:
1367:
In New Caledonia, the regulation of historical monuments is the responsibility of each province. It is fixed:
788:
707:
588:
912:
site for the photographic archives; and the documentation center of the Bons Enfants site near the ministry.
431:
2003:
Code du patrimoine, art. R.621-2 et R.621-3; R.621-53 et suivants; R.622-2 et R.622-3; R.622-33 et R.622-34.
1485:
1195:
1179:
255:
1190:
188:
1565:
641:
69:
17:
627:
Henri Labrouste's Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, with its famous reading room, was not listed until 1988.
1505:
659:
106:
1315:
563:
489:
141:
1932:
Choay, Françoise (1999) . "Chapitre IV — Le patrimoine historique à l'âge de l'industrie culturelle".
1937:
887:
in 2018 to prevent its dispersal. It is on display in Paris at the National Museum of the Automobile.
697:
419:
317:
1235:
The protection of the surroundings of historic monuments is governed by the provisions of articles:
1473:
1469:
1170:
1124:
In return, maintenance is partially funded by the state, and tax exemption is possible for owners.
177:
162:
1253:
Pursuant to article L. 621-30.II of the Heritage Code, protection under the surroundings applies:
955:
285:
172:, a union of French historical restoration associations. It consists of a design representing the
793:
686:
403:
117:. Some buildings are designated because of their connection to a single personality, such as the
1138:
477:
447:
1268:
visible together, within a radius of 500 meters, from the perimeter of the protected building.
246:
1951:
1941:
1675:
1570:
1371:
in the North Province, by Title II of Book II of the Environmental Code of the North Province;
988:
909:
905:
584:
543:
352:
351:
The vandalism of the French built environment that accompanied the anticlerical nature of the
298:
201:
133:
77:
1706:
Nouveau recueil d'études d'archéologie et d'histoire, de la fin du monde antique au Moyen Âge
1239:
L. 621-31 and R. 621-92 et seq. of the Heritage Code for the delimitation of their perimeter;
503:), succeeding the former Committee for the Arts. Composed of seven volunteers and chaired by
313:
1608:
1346:
penalties which weigh on the owner because of the protection and the opening to the public.
1210:
901:
729:
668:
663:
604:
333:
325:
306:
294:
161:
may be marked by the official logo for the program, signage for which is distributed by the
137:
126:
1102:
1976:
1330:
The owner of a part of the French historical heritage benefits from specific tax regimes.
1310:
737:
547:
519:
386:
at the time when the first archaeological societies in the country were being formed. The
279:
122:
102:
60:
1501:
114:
1786:
Les usages du patrimoine: monuments, musées et politique coloniale en Algérie, 1830-1930
324:. The phrase "Historic monument" thus became symbolic of the pre-revolutionary era, the
2056:
Website of the Réseau européen du patrimoine : Politiques nationales du patrimoine
1461:
1218:
1199:
1146:
under the provisions codified in Articles R.621- 26 and R.621-28 of the heritage code.
1001:
These two levels of protection are determined after a thorough historical study by the
774:
750:
725:
481:
394:, but quickly its members became interested in national antiquities. As early as 1811,
379:
302:
118:
1048:
950:
773:
Other monuments, reflections of French Art Nouveau (in particular the movement of the
667:
the eighteenth century, the vernacular and native architecture starting with the
2119:
804:), was one of the original historic monuments classified by the French state in 1840.
801:
608:
485:
473:
356:
264:
209:
110:
595:. At the end of 1911, more than 4,000 buildings and 14,000 objects were classified.
468:
Ludovic Vitet served as the first Inspector of Historic Monuments from 1830 to 1834.
1604:
1493:
1453:
1141:, be validated by the specialization diploma in architecture and heritage from the
679:
652:
645:
439:
167:
1319:
464:
991:
level of importance for the objects or buildings (until 2005 formerly called the
1107:
612:
551:
539:
504:
360:
341:
205:
436:
Academic Society of Agriculture, Belles Lettres, Sciences and Arts of Poitiers,
316:
spoke for the first time of "historical monument" in a report submitted to the
1497:
1323:
721:
329:
193:
83:
The term "classification" is reserved for designation performed by the French
1654:
1955:
1013:
for the national level. They are aided by the advice of a commission named
713:
the Church of the Sacred Heart of Audincourt (1949–1951), classified in 1996
395:
368:
290:
1006:
1002:
484:
to create the post of Inspector of Historic Monuments which he assigned to
1743:
1221:), was suppressed during the French Revolution but named one of the first
716:
the Notre-Dame-de-Any-Grâce church on the Assy plateau, classified in 2004
450:
in 1834 to direct research and support that of various learned societies.
1183:
797:
743:
690:
427:
321:
1206:
720:
Metallic architecture took a long time to be recognized and classified:
1799:
Histoire des Bibliothèques Publiques en France, de la Révolution à 1939
1465:
754:
567:
The Eiffel Tower was registered as a historic monument on 24 June 1964.
442:
such as the Société des antiquaires de Picardie à Amiens. In turn, the
1457:
1214:
592:
73:
438:
itself founded in 1818. Other societies would follow in the various
200:
The notion of historical monument, sparked by both the ideas of the
125:
which is designated an MH because of its connection to the painter
1695:(Paris: Éditions de la réunion des musées nationaux, 1994), p. 23.
1309:
1205:
1189:
1169:
1101:
1047:
949:
922:
876:
787:
630:
622:
463:
391:
254:
245:
187:
31:
2064:
1851:
La valorisation touristique des châteaux et demeures historiques
1812:
Prosper Mérimée et l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
1655:
Loi sur les monuments historiques promulguée le 31 décembre 1913
1609:
Locomotive à vapeur, à tender séparé, à voie normale, 141 R 1199
1522:
is similar to the listing of a property onto the United States'
710:(or Cité Radieuse) of Marseilles (1945–1952), classified in 1995
655:
was listed as a historical monument by decree of June 24, 1964.
497:, officially established the Commission for Historic Monuments (
978:
is a national level of importance for the objects or buildings;
581:
1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
866:
861:
856:
611:. With the abandonment of the sites by the military following
2016:. North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources
1143:École Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Paris-Belleville
534:). Thus for this purpose, in 1851 the Commission created the
2039:
Les monuments historiques de la France: bulletin trimestriel
1693:
La Jeunesse des musées: les musées de France au XIXe siècle
2014:"A comparison to the National Register of Historic Places"
1721:(Paris: Société des études robespierristes, 2000), p. 416.
1484:, carry the MH designation, as do the renowned gardens at
2073:
inspector Prosper Mérimée established the first list of
1825:
La vie des monuments français: destruction, restauration
1298:
must be led by a qualified professional guide-lecturer.
881:
The Schlumpf automobile collection was classified as a
693:(1950–1955), listed in 1965 and then classified in 1967
1992:
1970:
Le Centre de recherches sur les Monuments historiques
1409:
The logo is declined in a road ideogram coded ID16a.
2042:. Paris: Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques
1080:
Constitution and conservation of the protection file
1044:
Establishment of protection for historical monuments
816:
3.82% of monuments from prehistory and protohistory;
476:, on 21 October 1830, the Minister of the Interior,
1452:include well known Parisian structures such as the
1128:
Maintenance and restoration of historical monuments
994:
inventaire supplémentaire des monuments historiques
904:: the main site of the media library, installed in
619:
Extension and evolution of protections (since 1930)
384:
Picturesque and Romantic Voyages in Ancient France,
1512:Comparisons to heritage registers of other nations
196:is classified as an object., as boats can also be.
144:, inspector-general of historical monuments, by a
1907:"Patrimoine et architecture - Chiffres clés 2012"
828:17.62% of monuments from the contemporary period.
344:under the ordinance of 24 April 1816, during the
238:protection constitutes an official French label.
1756:Histoire culturelle de la France au XIXe siècle
1668:Le principe de laïcité en droit public français
1015:Commission régionale du patrimoine et des sites
908:in its premises refurbished in April 2014; the
675:the Eiffel Tower (1887–1889), inscribed in 1964
208:, led to a policy of protection founded by the
1504:, the first Miss France, whose tomb is in the
984:inscription au titre des monuments historiques
703:the Villa Stein (1927–1928), inscribed in 1975
1801:(Paris: Cercle De La Librairie, 1987), p. 92.
1788:(Paris: Les Éditions de la MSH), 2004, p. 98.
1350:Regulations in certain overseas territories (
975:classement au titre des monuments historiques
732:in 1977, outside its context of origin), the
416:Archaeological Society of the South of France
267:, classified as a historical monument in 2005
8:
2106:
2093:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2037:
1590:
1531:
1517:
1447:
1293:
1222:
1094:
992:
982:
973:
959:
928:
882:
873:Institutions relating to heritage protection
530:—and no longer just the unique structure or
498:
455:
444:Committee for Historical and Scientific Work
277:
174:labyrinth that used to be in Reims Cathedral
156:
152:to document France's medieval architecture.
92:
49:
36:
27:National heritage site designation in France
1827:(Paris: Daupeley-Gouverneur, 1951), p. 126.
1464:opera house, plus abbeys, churches such as
132:The MH designation traces its roots to the
1595:. Presses Universitaires de France. p. 26.
812:They were broken down in 2014 as follows:
18:Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques
1734:(Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1992), p. 218.
825:44.24% of monuments from modern times and
822:32.67% of monuments from the Middle Ages;
526:representing a particular type—i.e., the
320:on the occasion of the demolition of the
97:classification of the décor in the café "
1814:(Paris: Institut de France, 1970), p. 4.
1500:as well as less eminent people such as
919:Historical monuments research laboratory
562:
488:on 25 November 1830, then reassigned to
1708:, (Paris: Librairie Droz, 1985), p. 41.
1626:"Article L621-25 du code du patrimoine"
1582:
1411:
892:Architecture and Heritage Media Library
516:the Commission published its first list
480:proposed in a report presented to King
192:Despite its size, the steam locomotive
1641:"Article L621-1 du code du patrimoine"
1561:List of World Heritage Sites in France
1551:List of monuments historiques in Paris
784:Historical distribution and statistics
221:classification as historical monuments
1292:Since 8 July 2016, guided tours of a
1202:departement was listed as MH in 1934.
968:There are two levels of protection:
59:
7:
2079:in 1840 and invented the concept of
1717:Bernard Bodinier and Éric Teyssier,
1674:« Logiques juridiques ». (
1611:, Ministère français de la Culture.
1524:National Register of Historic Places
1446:Examples of buildings classified as
1093:Consequences of classification as a
559:Development and expansion, 1880–1930
500:Commission des monuments historiques
217:registration as historical monuments
215:There are two levels of protection:
1758:(Paris: Armand Colin, 2010), p. 57.
1592:Les monuments historiques en France
1536:are not eligible for NRHP listing.
542:, one of whose chief employees was
1853:(Paris: L'Harmattan, 2012), p. 23.
1769:Victor Hugo et l'art architectural
700:church (1922–1923), listed in 1966
546:. However, local authorities, the
424:Société des Antiquaires de l'Ouest
408:Society of Antiquaries of Normandy
400:Société des antiquaires de France,
25:
954:The Croix de chemin du Moustoir (
402:were adopted on 29 October 1813.
228:classification under object title
148:. In 1851, Mérimée organized the
1773:Presses universitaires de France
1429:
1414:
1404:labyrinth of the Reims Cathedral
1166:Consequences on the surroundings
819:1.65% of monuments of Antiquity;
605:Church of St. Genevieve of Paris
600:Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans
43:Labyrinth of the Reims Cathedral
2126:Monuments historiques of France
740:was not registered until 1988.
232:registration under object title
180:. Use of the logo is optional.
1546:Centre des monuments nationaux
933:by 100 km (red is the highest)
669:Palais idéal du facteur Cheval
509:Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc
363:published in 1825 a pamphlet,
146:first list established in 1840
136:when the government appointed
1:
1176:Saint-Lambert-et-Saint-Blaise
1106:The old citadel and walls of
734:Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève
2131:Heritage registers in France
1478:Châteaux of the Loire Valley
591:, Maisons-Laffitte, and the
412:French Society of Archeology
336:was appointed to create the
105:whose patrons once included
1881:"Les monuments historiques"
1670:(Paris: L'Harmattan, 2011)
1421:Dessin du labyrinthe de la
682:(1929–1931), listed in 1965
234:as well as for the census.
2147:
1589:Bady, Jean-Pierre (1998).
1556:List of heritage registers
432:Charles Mangon de La Lande
338:Museum of French Monuments
2092:Rules and regulations on
2065:Prosper Mérimée 1803–1870
1934:L'Allégorie du patrimoine
1732:L'allégorie du patrimoine
1468:, and cathedrals such as
1436:Idéogramme routier ID16a
848:Classification by decade
150:Missions Héliographiques
61:[mɔnymɑ̃istɔʁik]
1877:Ministère de la Culture
70:national heritage sites
2107:
2094:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2038:
1797:Graham Keith Barnett,
1591:
1566:National Heritage Site
1532:
1518:
1472:or hotels such as the
1448:
1327:
1294:
1228:
1223:
1203:
1187:
1111:
1095:
1053:
993:
983:
974:
965:
960:
934:
929:
888:
883:
805:
636:
628:
568:
536:Mission Héliographique
499:
469:
456:
278:
268:
252:
197:
157:
93:
50:
45:
37:
2108:monuments historiques
2105:Monumental parks and
2095:monuments historiques
2082:monuments historiques
2070:monuments historiques
1810:André Dupont-Sommer,
1533:monuments historiques
1482:Château de Montsoreau
1313:
1224:monuments historiques
1213:, founded in 1101 in
1209:
1193:
1173:
1105:
1051:
953:
930:monuments historiques
926:
880:
791:
660:Thirty Glorious Years
634:
626:
566:
467:
457:monuments historiques
422:in 1831. In 1834 the
258:
249:
191:
107:Alphonse de Lamartine
35:
1516:Classification of a
1490:the home and gardens
1486:Château de Villandry
1306:Specific tax regimes
1196:Château de Villandry
1062:The Official Journal
698:Notre-Dame du Raincy
544:Édouard-Denis Baldus
434:from members of the
318:Constituent Assembly
176:, which is itself a
1885:www.culture.gouv.fr
1643:. 9 September 2005.
1628:. 9 September 2005.
1519:monument historique
1470:Notre Dame de Paris
1449:monument historique
1423:cathédrale de Reims
1295:monument historique
1096:monument historique
1028:Protection proposal
1011:Minister of Culture
961:monument historique
958:), registered as a
884:monument historique
495:Count of Montalivet
178:World Heritage Site
158:monument historique
94:monument historique
85:Ministry of Culture
51:Monument historique
41:logo, based on the
38:Monument historique
1975:2016-07-24 at the
1744:Read on Wikisource
1666:Clément Benelbaz,
1328:
1229:
1204:
1188:
1112:
1054:
966:
964:on 22 January 1927
935:
889:
806:
794:Notre-Dame du Taur
708:Unité d'Habitation
687:Notre-Dame-du-Haut
637:
629:
569:
470:
404:Arcisse de Caumont
365:War for Demolition
314:Aubin Louis Millin
269:
263:, sloop shelly in
253:
198:
46:
2076:monuments classés
1947:978-2-02-030023-0
1862:Jean-Claude Yon,
1836:Françoise Férat,
1784:Nabila Oulebsir,
1754:Jean-Claude Yon,
1730:Françoise Choay,
1691:Chantal Georgel,
1680:978-2-296-56136-6
1571:Tourism in France
1322:) is one of many
1227:on the 1840 list.
1139:Ecole de Chaillot
910:Fort de Saint-Cyr
906:Charenton-le-Pont
585:Luxembourg Palace
420:Alexandre Du Mège
410:in 1824, and the
353:French Revolution
299:Mont-Saint-Michel
202:French Revolution
134:French Revolution
78:cultural heritage
16:(Redirected from
2138:
2110:
2103:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2063:
2045:
2041:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1895:
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1841:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:, 1962), p. 420.
1765:
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1616:
1614:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1587:
1535:
1521:
1451:
1433:
1418:
1402:Inspired by the
1386:French Polynesia
1297:
1226:
1211:Fontevraud Abbey
1098:
1023:
996:
986:
977:
963:
932:
886:
730:Nogent-sur-Marne
502:
459:
454:Creation of the
382:published their
334:Alexandre Lenoir
283:
171:
160:
138:Alexandre Lenoir
127:Vincent van Gogh
96:
63:
58:
53:
40:
21:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2137:
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2135:
2116:
2115:
2111:in need of work
2101:
2088:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2032:Further reading
2029:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1977:Wayback Machine
1968:
1964:
1948:
1940:. p. 156.
1931:
1930:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1889:
1887:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
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1849:Annie Gondras,
1848:
1844:
1840:, 30 June 2010.
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1419:
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1388:
1365:
1356:
1316:Phare d'Eckmühl
1308:
1290:
1168:
1150:by volunteers.
1130:
1100:
1082:
1046:
1030:
1017:
948:
921:
894:
875:
870:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
850:
786:
766:in 1982), etc.
738:Henri Labrouste
621:
561:
548:Catholic Church
520:Bayeux Tapestry
490:Prosper Mérimée
478:François Guizot
462:
448:François Guizot
446:was founded by
426:was founded in
418:was founded by
280:biens nationaux
274:
261:General Leclerc
244:
186:
165:
142:Prosper Mérimée
123:Auvers-sur-Oise
103:Aix-en-Provence
56:
28:
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22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2051:
2050:External links
2048:
2047:
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2027:
2026:
2005:
1996:
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1962:
1946:
1924:
1898:
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1803:
1790:
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1767:Jean Mallion,
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1506:Basque Country
1476:. Many of the
1462:Palais Garnier
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1440:
1439:
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1240:
1219:Maine-et-Loire
1200:Indre-et-Loire
1174:The Church of
1167:
1164:
1129:
1126:
1099:
1091:
1081:
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792:The Church of
785:
782:
775:Ecole de Nancy
762:and the barge
751:Jules Saulnier
726:Victor Baltard
718:
717:
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711:
704:
701:
694:
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1823:Paul Léon,
1613:(in French)
1324:lighthouses
1276:said code.
1232:monuments.
1108:Carcassonne
1018: [
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613:World War I
552:French Army
540:photography
505:Jean Vatout
460:, 1819–1880
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346:Restoration
342:Louis XVIII
206:Romanticism
184:Terminology
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2120:Categories
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1577:References
1498:Napoleon I
1480:, such as
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