661:, the Catholic theologian Paul F. Ford wrote "C. S. Lewis was a man of his time and socioeconomic class. Like many English men of this era, Lewis was unconsciously but regrettably unsympathetic to things and people Middle Eastern. Thus he sometimes engages in exaggerated stereotyping in contrasting things Narnian and things Calormene. He intends this in a broadly comic way, almost vaudevillian. But in our post-September 11, 2001, world, he would, I am sure, want to reconsider this insensitivity." Outspoken atheist critic and novelist
269:, Calormen is described as being many times the size of its northern neighbours, and it is implied that its army is always either conquering more land or keeping down rebellions, in wars with which neither Narnia nor Archenland are involved. The border of the Calormene Empire extends from the Western Mountains to the Great Eastern Ocean. The Calormene capital is Tashbaan, a large walled city located on an island hill at the mouth of a river and close to the northern desert.
327:, Calormen was founded by Archen outlaws, who traveled over the Great Desert to the south some 24 years after Archenland's founding. In an alternative theory, Calormen was founded by people accidentally crossing into Calormen from our world through a Middle Eastern portal (similar to the English wardrobe in The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe), which was subsequently lost or destroyed, preventing their return. The Calormenes speak a flowery version of the
441:. The overall leitmotif of Calormene culture is portrayed as ornate to the point of ostentation. The people of Calormen are concerned with maintaining honour and precedent, often speaking in maxims and quoting their ancient poets. Veneration of elders and absolute deference to power are marks of Calormene society. Power and wealth determine class and social standing, and slavery is commonplace. The unit of currency is the
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293:, though neither of these is their first chronological appearance in the series. They are presented with the following words: "The Calormenes have dark faces and long beards. They wear flowing robes and orange-coloured turbans, and they are a wise, wealthy, courteous, cruel and ancient people". As narrated in that book, after the Telmarine kings cut Narnia off from the sea, the
539:
at the pinnacle of the hill. The palace of the Tisroc is referred to as being magnificent beyond description and opens onto gardens that run right down to the river wall. Tashbaan is surrounded by a strong wall that rises out of the water and is reached by long bridges from both banks, providing the
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the characters cross into the Real Narnia and find there the counterparts of all the places they had known in the destroyed Narnia, there is a reference to a counterpart of
Calormen being also there to its south, complete with the capital Tashbaan—presumably without the nastier aspects of Calormene
482:
on their arm and their marriages are usually arranged at a young age. Beneath them are soldiers of the empire's vast army, merchants, and the peasantry, with slaves being the lowest rung on the social ladder. The
Calormene leaders are portrayed as quite war-like, and the Tisrocs generally seem to
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only place where crossing the great river of
Calormen is possible for many miles. The banks of the river are lined with gardens and country houses. The Tombs of the Ancient Kings, believed by the Carlomenes to be haunted, lie directly across the river from Tashbaan, on the edge of the desert.
301:
restored
Narnian rule and abolished slavery in the islands, there was some apprehension of Calormen resorting to war to regain its influence there. The book's plot then moves away and it remains unknown whether such a war took place. However, Lewis later placed Calormen at the focus of
648:"For this is what it means to be a king: to be first in every desperate attack and last in every desperate retreat, and when there's hunger in the land (as must be now and then in bad years) to wear finer clothes and laugh louder over a scantier meal than any man in your land."
487:. Significantly, the final, successful invasion of Narnia by the Calormene military, which precipitates the end of the Narnian universe, was conducted in close cooperation with the appearance of the false Aslan and the proclamation that Aslan and Tash are one and the same.
478:. Calormenes always follow a mention of the Tisroc with the phrase "may he live forever". Ranking below the Tisroc are his sons (princes), a Grand Vizier, and the noble classes, who are addressed as Tarkaan (male) and Tarkheena (female). The nobility have a band of
622:, Lewis uses the cultural settings of Narnia, Archenland, and Calormen to develop a theme of freedom in contrast to slavery. Lewis depicts the Calormene culture as one in which a primary guiding principle is that the weak must make way for the strong:
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He also reveals the motivation for
Calormene attempts to invade Archenland and, ultimately, Narnia, as a refusal to abide the thought of free countries so close to the border of the Calormene empire, as illustrated by this speech given by the Tisroc:
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For in
Tashbaan there is only one traffic regulation, which is that everyone who is less important has to get out of the way for everyone who is more important; unless you want a cut from a whip or a punch from the butt end of a
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Tashbaan is described as one of the wonders of the world. The city is a hot and crowded place, though with fine streets, magnificent palaces, and gardens. It is built on a natural slope, rising to the palace of the
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have a wish to conquer the "barbarian" lands to their north - to some degree deterred, however, by the magical reputation of the countries, their various rulers and their being known to be under the protection of
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297:—though in theory remaining a Narnian possession—fell into the Calormene sphere of influence, becoming a major source of slaves for Calormen and adopting the Calormene Crescent as the islands' currency. After
445:. Narnians hold Calormenes in disdain for their treatment of animals and slaves. Conversely, Calormenes refer to the human inhabitants of Narnia as "barbarians". All of this appears quite consistent with the
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The capital of
Calormen is the walled city of Tashbaan, situated on a river mouth located on the southern verge of the great desert dividing the empire from the northern states of Narnia and Archenland.
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In his time, people thought it was amusing to make fun of other cultures. We don't. Read the stories, ask questions, and remember that the person who wrote this story was altogether too human.
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In contrast, the kings and queens of Narnia and
Archenland, as rulers of free people, hold themselves responsible for the well-being of their subjects. As King Lune tells Shasta/Cor:
606:) poetry they find it much more exciting. Calormen also prizes the art of story-telling, which, according to Lewis, forms part of the education of the nobility. The talking horse
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and
Calormen. The Narnian King maintains a supply of Calormene armour and weapons for the purpose of conducting undercover operations in their country—suggesting a kind of
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722:" Claims of racism can be seen as countered by Lewis's positive portrayal of two Calormenes and the lack of racism shown to them by Narnian nobility. Lewis writes in
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translation of the Narnia books, Calormen is known as "Tarkhistan" (Тархистан), as a reference to the
Tarkaan nobles and its Turkish and Persian cultural influences.
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that those who worship Tash and who are virtuous are in fact worshipping Aslan, and those who are immoral and who worship Aslan are in fact worshipping Tash:
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Calormenes disparage Narnian poetry, contending that it is all about things like love and war and not about useful maxims, but when the Calormen-raised
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aspects of Calormene culture, or the origin of their religion, was not satisfactorily explained, but stand in strong counterpoint to the largely
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the main characters (one a young member of the Calormene nobility) escape from Calormen to Archenland and Narnia whilst the Calormene
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The ruler of Calormen is called the Tisroc and is believed by the Calormene people to have descended in a direct line from the god
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I and are of such different kinds that no service which is vile can be done to me, and none which is not vile can be done to him.
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Calormenes live south of a desert, wear turbans and pointed shoes, their noblemen are called Tarkaans (similar to the medieval
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for his bride. The rather small (200 horse) Calormene invasion force is rebuffed at the gates of the Kingdom of Archenland. In
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640:(which is as much to say, idle, disordered, and unprofitable) are hateful to the gods and to all persons of discernment."
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Keynote Address at The 12th Annual Conference of The C. S. Lewis and Inklings Society Calvin College, 28 March 2009
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The poetry of Calormen is prolix, sententious, and moralizing. Quotations from Calormen poets are often quoted as
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Unseth, Peter. 2011. A culture “full of choice apophthegms and useful maxims”: invented proverbs in C.S. Lewis’
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is—until the events narrated in the book—at peace with them, and some level of trade and travel exist between
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as opposed to Islamic imagery, with multiple arms and a distinct resemblance to the ancient Indian deity
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contain plot lines that focus on Calormen, while some of the other books have peripheral references. In
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Companion to Narnia: A Complete Guide to the Enchanting World of C.S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia
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Calormene social and political institutions are depicted as essentially unchanged between the time of
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C. S. Lewis has been accused of racism, particularly in his depiction of the Calormenes. In the
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with an upturned point at the toe are common items of clothing, and the preferred weapon is the
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which also references ancient Mesopotamian civilisation in its depiction of Queen Jadis and
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The country of Calormen was first mentioned by Lewis in a passing reference in chapter 2 of
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favoured by both human and animal Narnians, which might support this argument; however,
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The World According to Narnia: Christian Meaning in C. S. Lewis's Beloved Chronicles
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The origins of Calormen and the Calormenes are not made clear during the
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Rogers, Jonathon (2005). "Up from Slavery: The Horse and His Boy".
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wrote and published the stories, with the two stories above and
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Lewis (1994). "Chapter 4: Shasta Falls in with the Narnians".
217:, Lewis spelled the name with an 'e' at the end: a Calormene
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Are The Chronicles of Narnia Sexist and Racist? | NarniaWeb
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soldier; "The Calormenes have dark faces and long beards."
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Fictional country in The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis
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O'Connor. "Lewis' prejudices tarnish fifth 'Narnia' book".
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also speaks English. The reason for the ancient Arabian,
308:—set a thousand years earlier, at the time of High King
1086:
Lewis (1956). "Chapter XV: Further Up and Further In".
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Lewis (1994). "Chapter 8: In the House of the Tisroc".
636:"These little barbarian countries that call themselves
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Deep draughts from the fountain of reason are desirable
1266:. Manchester. Archived from the original on 2010-11-16
437:. Lavish palaces are present in the Calormene capital
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Lewis (1988). "Chapter 15: Rabadash the Ridiculous".
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Lewis (1988). "ch.VIII: In the House of the Tisroc".
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Ezard. "Narnia books attacked as racist and sexist".
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but the Eye of Wisdom pierces through every defence.
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Narnia and Calormen are separated by the country of
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363:(and Christian) aspects of Narnia and Archenland.
1459:Prince Caspian and the Voyage of the Dawn Treader
586:in order to extinguish the fire of youthful love.
205:. Lewis probably derived its name from the Latin
1233:"Lewis' prejudices tarnish fifth 'Narnia' book"
1009:he is one of England's most outspoken atheists.
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1156:(5th ed.). San Francisco: HarperCollins.
518:culture, but this is not discussed in detail.
410:having fought a war with the Calormenes. King
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1140:. Manchester: Guardian News and Media Limited
8:
1132:"Narnia books attacked as racist and sexist"
669:"blatantly racist" and in an interview with
571:and offspring more precious than carbuncles.
209:, meaning "heat". When using the name as an
576:is already baring his back for the scourge.
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574:He who attempts to deceive the judicious
552:. These include such as the following:
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569:Natural affection is stronger than soup
201:is a large country to the southeast of
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1191:. London: Independent News & Media
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1859:Fictional elements introduced in 1951
1032:"Pullman attacks Narnia film plans".
510:, appearing last three of the seven.
7:
1488:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1452:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1368:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
1058:Nelson, Michael (December 2, 2005).
682:The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe
366:Throughout the times covered by the
1110:"Pullman attacks Narnia film plans"
1063:(Archive, subscription access only)
579:Swords can be kept off with shields
1864:The Chronicles of Narnia countries
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406:, there is a reference to King
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1382:The Voyage of the Dawn Treader
1118:. London: BBC. 16 October 2005
566:towards the rock of indigence.
564:are steering the ship of folly
1:
897:The World According to Narnia
1130:Ezard, John (June 3, 2002).
1075:(15). Washington, D.C.: B14.
1696:Seven Great Lords of Narnia
560:but those who ask questions
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1238:Seattle Post Intelligencer
994:(Life and Letters article)
761:Speculative fiction portal
290:Voyage of the Dawn Treader
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1300:. New York: Time Warner.
1283:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
558:is the root of prosperity
470:appear to be inspired by
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1641:Lady of the Green Kirtle
1348:The Chronicles of Narnia
1258:"The Darkside of Narnia"
1060:"For the Love of Narnia"
562:that do not concern them
535:and the great Temple of
398:and capture the Narnian
40:The Chronicles of Narnia
1181:The Discovery Institute
1152:Ford, Paul F. (2005) .
556:Application to business
68:In-universe information
1223:. New York, Macmillan.
1094:. New York, Macmillan.
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1441:1979 animated special
1403:The Magician's Nephew
1396:The Horse and His Boy
1215:Lewis, C. S. (1956).
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384:The Horse and His Boy
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305:The Horse and His Boy
266:The Horse and His Boy
1446:1988–1990 BBC series
1231:(December 3, 2005).
1174:(December 4, 1998).
735:In foreign languages
667:Chronicles of Narnia
368:Chronicles of Narnia
299:Caspian the Seafarer
160:Chronicles of Narnia
1256:(October 1, 1998).
1241:. Hearst Newspapers
991:"'Far From Narnia'"
899:. pp. 114–116.
837:A Horse and his Boy
825:A Horse and his Boy
812:Companion to Narnia
677:the film adaptation
659:Companion to Narnia
513:When at the end of
394:attempts to invade
319:. According to the
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1263:The Guardian
1261:
1243:. Retrieved
1236:
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1204:Lewis, C. S.
1193:. Retrieved
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1180:
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1137:The Guardian
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1120:. Retrieved
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1001:. Retrieved
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295:Lone Islands
288:
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259:and a large
254:
206:
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158:
152:
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1762:Aslan's How
1741:White Witch
1479:Film series
1421:Adaptations
1353:C. S. Lewis
839:, Chapter 3
827:, Chapter 4
695:reactionary
598:first hear
500:C. S. Lewis
400:Queen Susan
361:Greco-Roman
155:C. S. Lewis
52:C. S. Lewis
1853:Categories
1736:Mr. Tumnus
1721:Telmarines
1701:Shasta/Cor
1686:Reepicheep
1671:Puddleglum
1573:Characters
1542:soundtrack
1528:video game
1523:attraction
1518:soundtrack
1504:video game
1499:attraction
1494:soundtrack
1429:Television
1270:2008-05-04
1245:2008-05-04
1195:2008-05-04
1144:2008-05-04
1122:2008-05-04
1003:31 October
883:Proverbium
793:References
714:Of Lewis,
317:Chronicles
257:Archenland
126:Characters
100:Calormenes
48:Created by
18:Calormenes
1777:Underland
1636:Jill Pole
1559:Accolades
1549:Cast list
1279:cite news
718:writes: "
698:prejudice
211:adjective
121:(capital)
115:Locations
1828:Category
1810:Religion
1767:Calormen
1731:Trumpkin
1601:Coriakin
1206:(1954).
1115:BBC News
1034:BBC News
895:Rogers.
787:Saracens
774:Haradrim
747:See also
550:proverbs
522:Tashbaan
443:Crescent
439:Tashbaan
435:scimitar
420:cold war
353:European
285:Kalormen
215:ethnonym
165:Calormen
147:Crescent
144:Currency
130:Rabadash
119:Tashbaan
105:Location
43:location
33:Calormen
1838:Outline
1787:General
1676:Ramandu
1651:Maugrim
1596:Caspian
1102:Sources
778:Inkling
741:Russian
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709:tarkhan
600:Narnian
464:vulture
450:Turkish
447:Osmanli
427:turbans
388:cavalry
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337:Persian
273:History
1750:Places
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412:Tirian
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390:under
347:, and
345:Mughal
261:desert
213:or an
203:Narnia
134:Aravis
92:Tisroc
84:Empire
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1706:Shift
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1621:Emeth
1586:Aslan
1554:Music
1360:Books
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508:Charn
485:Aslan
472:Hindu
357:Anglo
333:Jadis
310:Peter
263:. In
207:calor
138:Emeth
89:Ruler
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1800:Food
1716:Tash
1631:Hwin
1591:Bree
1302:ISBN
1285:link
1158:ISBN
1005:2007
958:ISBN
859:ISBN
638:free
608:Bree
594:and
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494:and
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