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profitable means. Many farmers recognize the difference between symbolic and actual land ownership and feel as though the government is undermining their subsistence practices. Whereas the
Campesinos practice subsistence farming and therefore do not receive a salary, there is a high vulnerability that they face from others implementing regulations.
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Due to problems with the design of the reserve, two main roads have been built that cross through two of the core, important areas of the reserve. There have been proposals of a tourism destination called Maya World which would involve a highway connecting different areas of the biosphere reserve.
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designation, which has created several problems. Although water is scarce in the region, the consumable water near villages or towns is reserved for tourists, creating a water shortage among the locals. There is growing awareness of a possible water crisis due to the inability to meet the needs of
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The reserve has been given a critically threatened designation, which means that prompt measures must be taken to continue to protect and conserve its biodiversity. These threats include: Population growth, subsistence hunting and poaching, tourist infrastructure, and the emergence of highways and
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and of subsistence farmers who live off the land. As subsistence farmers they all share the common belief that the environment is a place to work, which contrasts with the agendas of environmentalists and government official who believe that an "ideal environment is one devoid of human presence".
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The area was declared a biosphere reserve by Carlos
Salinas de Gortari in 1989. The cited reasons for the designation were protection of biological diversity, as well as protection of the numerous ancient Mayan ruins that are within the limits of the reserve. Since then there has been disparity
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The biosphere is home to 86 species of mammals, 18 of which can be found in the
Official Registry of Mexican Ecology, a resource that outlines flora and fauna that are in danger of extinction, rare, threatened or are under protection. The area is home to 5 of the 6 large cats that are native to
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These issues of debate has led to a resistance movement from the local farmers. Due to their beliefs surrounding the uses of the environment and work, many believe that those on the other side of the debate (government officials and urban environmentalists) wish to use the land for their own
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In 1991 the
Mexican president gave the Campesinos "care for the reserve" which provided funding to aid in the protection of the remaining forests while encouraging self-sufficiency in the local farming sector. This has been in line with the philosophy that biodiversity is "diversity in use".
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Although 80% of the hunting in the reserve is done for personal consumption among the local people, this subsistence hunting has had an increasingly drastic impact on the wildlife populations. These animals are also being poached by military units that are in active duty within the area.
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to the south. It occupies 7,231 km (2,792 sq mi) and includes about 12% of the subperennial jungles of Mexico. The
Reserve, which was established in 1989, is one of the largest protected areas in Mexico, covering more than 14% of the state. The important
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The people who live on the land are migrants representing 23 of the 32 states of Mexico that were drawn to the land in the 1960s when the
Mexican government put land distribution projects in place. Although their cultures may differ, they share the common identity of
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Human population within the reserve has been rapidly increasing since the 1980s due to increased migration as well as high birthrates. This has put increasing strain on natural resources due to the locals' agricultural and ranching subsistence.
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These outside parties have the "do not touch" mentality. Thus the
Campesinos have created a united front in pushing for access to important resources that enable them to farm and provide for themselves.
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between the views and philosophies of the local people who live on the land and those government officials and urban environmentalists who wish to protect its resources .
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Although the plans for the highway have been put aside for the time being, hotel construction continues in those areas.
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in the
Americas north of Colombia. The forest is classified as dry forest to the west and tall and medium-height
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538:"The Power of Environmental Knowledge: Ethnoecology and Environmental Conflicts in Mexican Conservation"
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275:). In total, the reserve is home to nearly 70,000 plant and animal species, making it one of the most
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in the
Guatemalan department of El Petén form one of the largest and least disturbed tracts of
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There has been an increasing amount of tourist activity, since the reserve was given
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VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources)
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Mexico. This includes its small but healthy population of
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The
Reserve and the contiguous forested areas of the
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580:Mexico's Council on Protected Areas Fact Sheet
161:National Commission of Natural Protected Areas
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561:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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454:"Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche"
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243:to the east. Among the trees, there are
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220:, is located in the Biosphere Reserve.
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360:the locals and the tourism industry.
144:7,231 km (2,792 sq mi)
7:
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178:Reserva de la Biósfera de Calakmul
27:Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul
14:
467:Wilder, Chaly (8 November 2022).
180:) is located at the base of the
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269:), and chicle or chicozapote (
1:
505:. Parks Watch. Archived from
233:(Reserva de la Biosfera Maya)
633:Petén–Veracruz moist forests
603:Biosphere reserves of Mexico
503:"Calakmul Biosphere Reserve"
410:"Calakmul Biosphere Reserve"
628:Protected areas of Campeche
618:Natural history of Campeche
216:, one of the largest-known
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469:"The Return of the Jaguar"
303:. The fauna also includes
170:Calakmul Biosphere Reserve
22:Calakmul Biosphere Reserve
16:Reserve in Yucatan, Mexico
623:Trees of Northern America
309:Geoffroy's spider monkeys
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41:
31:
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305:Central American agoutis
241:subperennial rainforest
212:archaeological site of
48:Mayan ruins of Calakmul
230:Maya Biosphere Reserve
177:
313:Yucatán black howlers
279:places in the world.
250:Swietenia macrophylla
247:, Honduras mahogany (
198:Guatemalan department
190:Calakmul Municipality
90:Calakmul Municipality
608:Geography of Mexico
414:protectedplanet.net
157:Governing body
121: /
429:"Planeta-Calakmul"
321:white-nosed coatis
325:ocellated turkeys
210:Maya civilization
182:Yucatán Peninsula
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125:18.612°N 89.548°W
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598:IUCN Category VI
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368:Political issues
272:Manilkara chicle
266:Bursera simaruba
196:, bordering the
192:in the state of
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574:External links
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474:New York Times
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546:. Retrieved
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478:. Retrieved
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437:. Retrieved
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427:Mader, Ron.
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480:10 November
289:jaguarundis
287:as well as
149:Established
128: /
104:Coordinates
592:Categories
548:2012-03-26
513:2012-03-26
439:2012-03-26
396:References
380:campesinos
277:biodiverse
263:), chaká (
260:Ficus spp.
237:rainforest
218:Maya sites
116:89°32′53″W
113:18°36′43″N
456:. UNESCO.
557:cite web
214:Calakmul
202:El Petén
194:Campeche
94:Campeche
86:Location
344:roads.
339:Threats
333:toucans
301:margays
293:ocelots
285:jaguars
174:Spanish
74:Map of
357:UNESCO
245:ceibas
186:Mexico
98:Mexico
76:Mexico
297:pumas
188:, in
563:link
482:2022
299:and
168:The
152:1989
141:Area
253:),
200:of
184:in
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559:}}
555:{{
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