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376:. The highest volcanoes of the Cascades, known as the High Cascades, dominate their surroundings, often standing twice the height of the nearby mountains. They often have a visual height (height above nearby crestlines) of one mile or more. The highest peaks, such as the 14,411-foot (4,392 m) Mount Rainier, dominate their surroundings for 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km).
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shattered the quiet and brought the world's attention to the range. Geologists were also concerned that the St. Helens eruption was a sign that long-dormant
Cascade volcanoes might become active once more, as in the period from 1800 to 1857 when a total of eight erupted. None have erupted since St.
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intensified and the passes and back-valleys of what is now the state of
Washington were explored and populated, and it was not long after that railways followed. Despite its being traversed by several major freeways and rail lines, and its lower flanks subjected to major logging in recent decades,
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sinks deep into the Earth's interior beneath the continental plate, high temperatures and pressures allow water molecules locked in the minerals of solid rock to escape. The water vapor rises into the pliable mantle above the subducting plate, causing some of the mantle to melt. This newly formed
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The
Cascade Range is made up of a band of thousands of very small, short-lived volcanoes that have built a platform of lava and volcanic debris. Rising above this volcanic platform are a few strikingly large volcanoes, like Mount Hood and Mount St. Helens, that dominate the landscape.
544:, the Columbia River drained the relatively low Columbia Plateau. As the range grew, erosion from the Columbia River was able to keep pace, carving out the gorge and major pass seen today. The gorge also exposes uplifted and warped layers of basalt from the plateau.
684:. Before long, the great white-capped mountains that loomed above the rapids were called the "mountains by the cascades" and later simply as the "Cascades". The earliest attested use of the name "Cascade Range" is in the writings of botanist
1209:, and others) dominate most of the Cascade Range. Cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers (largely a result of oceanic influence) favor evergreen species, whereas mild temperatures and rich soils promote fast and prolonged growth.
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and Bridge Creek region. Due to the difficulty of crossing the northern
Cascades and the paucity of beaver, fur-trading companies made only a few explorations into the mountains north of the Columbia River after Ross.
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route, as well the route of fur brigades, followed the
Okanogan River along the east edge of the Cascades and the Columbia River through the range. Passes across the range were not well known and little used.
631:, a British diplomat. Vancouver's expedition did not, however, name the mountain range which contained these peaks. He referred to it simply as the "eastern snowy range". Earlier Spanish explorers called it
391:. Overall, the North Cascades and Canadian Cascades are extremely rugged; even the lesser peaks are steep and glaciated, and valleys are quite low relative to peaks and ridges, so there is great local
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held the
American record for snow accumulation at Paradise in 1978. It is not uncommon for some places in the Cascades to have over 500 inches (1,300 cm) of annual snow accumulation, such as at
961:, terminating in Oregon City. There is an interpretive site there now at "The End of The Oregon Trail". The road was constructed as a toll road – $ 5 per wagon – and was very successful.
1079:, also helps to spread mineral-rich volcanic material, and the storage of water in the form of snow and ice is also important for agriculture. The snow-capped mountains, such as Mt. Hood and
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As a traveler passes through the
Cascade Range, the climate first gets colder, then warmer and drier east of the crest. Most of the Cascades' lower and middle elevations are covered in
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With the exception of the 1915 eruption of remote Lassen Peak in
Northern California, the range was quiet for more than a century. Then, on May 18, 1980, the dramatic eruption of
399:, is geologically and topographically similar to the North Cascades, while the northern and northeastern parts are less glaciated and more plateau-like, resembling nearby areas of the
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1153:, where volcanic steam is used to heat public buildings. The highest recorded underground temperature found in the range is 510 °F (266 °C) at 3,075 feet (937 m) below
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passed through the
Cascades on the Columbia River, which for many years was the only practical way to pass that part of the range. They were the first non-indigenous people to see
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1038:, an array of volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean. The Ring of Fire is also known for its frequent earthquakes. The volcanoes and earthquakes arise from a common source:
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750:. From this base HBC trapping parties traveled throughout the Cascades in search of beaver and other fur-bearing animals. For example, using what became known as the
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in
Washington recorded a national record single-season snowfall in the winter of 1998–99 with 1,140 inches (2,900 cm) (= 95 feet (29 m)). Before that year,
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665:, but they thought it was Mount St. Helens. When they later saw Mount St. Helens they thought it was Mount Rainier. On their return trip, Lewis and Clark spotted a
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large parts of the range remain intense and forbidding alpine wilderness. Much of the northern half of the Cascades, from Rainier north, have been preserved by
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867:, as well as the older Hudson's Bay Company Brigade Trail from the Canyon to the Interior, the Dewdney Trail, and older routes which connected east to the
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754:, Hudson's Bay Company trappers were the first non-natives to explore the southern Cascades in the 1820s and 1830s, establishing trails which passed near
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locations. Much of their meltwater eventually flows into reservoirs, where it is used for recreation, while its potential energy is captured to generate
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Exploration and settlement of the Cascades region by Europeans and Americans was accelerated by the establishment of a major trading post of the
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spending boom of the 1980s, which is now the main route from the Coast to the British Columbia interior. Traffic formerly went via the
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Because of the abundance of powerful streams, many of the major westward-draining rivers of the Cascades have been dammed to provide
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magma rises toward the Earth's surface to erupt, forming a chain of volcanoes (the Cascade Volcanic Arc) above the subduction zone.
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was the first established land path for U.S. settlers through the Cascade Range in 1845, and formed the final overland link for the
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289:. Minor eruptions of Mount St. Helens have also occurred since, most recently from 2004 to 2008. The Cascade Range is a part of the
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American settlement of the flanks of the Coast Range did not occur until the early 1840s, at first only marginally. Following the
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The Lewis and Clark expedition, and the many settlers and traders that followed, met their last obstacle to their journey at the
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is the only major break of the range in the United States. When the Cascades began to rise 7 million years ago in the late
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2304:. Memoir (Geological Survey of Canada). Vol. 262. Ottawa, Ontario: Natural Resources Canada; E. Cloutier, King's Printer.
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Geothermal Research Program has been investigating this potential. Some of this energy is already being used in places like
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797:, which cuts across the range just north of Mount Baker. Throughout the period of dispute and up to the creation of the
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55:, the range's highest mountain, standing at 14,411 ft (4,392 m). Seen in the background (left to right) are
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1985:
902:, now decommissioned, are popular tourist recreation destinations for hiking and bicycling. The pass is used by the
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and gave English names to the high mountains he saw. Mount Baker was named for Vancouver's third lieutenant,
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976:. From there, the Trail headed northwest into northern California, and continued northwest towards today's
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730:. Ross was the first European-American to explore the Methow River area and likely the first to explore the
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was created to allow settlers to avoid rafting down the Columbia River. The Trail used the path of the
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293:, a nearly continuous chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that form the western "backbone" of North,
273:, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. All of the eruptions in the
1122:, extending 2 miles (3.2 km) into Canada. At the foot of the southeast flank of Mount Baker, at
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1602:"Weather Window: The snowiest spot in California is Lake Helen near Lassen Volcanic National Park"
714:, seeking a viable route across the mountains, explored and crossed the northern Cascades between
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was sighted by Vancouver in May 1792, from near the mouth of the Columbia River. It was named for
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and Puget Sound. His report of the journey is vague about the route taken. He followed the lower
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name for Mount Rainier, and "Louwala-Clough", meaning "smoking mountain" for Mount St. Helens.
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Before European exploration, First Nations tribes named many peaks, including "Wy'east" for
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490:) at higher elevations. Annual rainfall is as low as 9 inches (230 mm) on the eastern
2141:
Waring, RH; Franklin, JF (1979). "Evergreen coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest".
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near sea level. Above 7500 ft, the landscape is barren with either no plants or only
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plateau that was largely formed 17 to 14 million years ago by the many flows of the
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410:, so it receives significant rain and snowfall, especially on the western slopes due to
17:
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2470:
University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Dwight Watson Photographs
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980:. From there, settlers would head north along the established Siskiyou Trail into the
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saw the spine of the Cascade Range being proposed as a boundary settlement during the
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in the California Cascades. Southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range and part of
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2372:. British Columbia Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources. Archived from
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in the Columbia River Gorge, a feature on the river now submerged beneath the
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in the United States but is formally named the Cascade Mountains north of the
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British Columbia Mainland Coastal Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
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The Cascades are home to many national parks and protected areas, including
2309:
2264:
Range of Glaciers: the Exploration and Survey of the Northern Cascade Range
2170:
2318:
1586:
2283:
Cascade Alpine Guide: Climbing and High Routes Rainy Pass to Fraser River
1258:
1111:
491:
2450:
Central and Southern Cascades Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
379:
The northern part of the range, north of Mount Rainier, is known as the
247:. The small part of the range in British Columbia is referred to as the
235:. It includes both non-volcanic mountains, such as many of those in the
3065:
3006:
1724:. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington
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1158:
1064:
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Soil conditions for farming are generally good, especially downwind of
911:
616:
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392:
240:
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2351:(3rd ed.). Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company.
1959:
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of 1846. The United States rejected the proposal and insisted on the
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splits the Cascade Range between the states of Washington and Oregon.
228:
191:
92:
2460:
Cascade Mountains Leeward Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
2369:
Landforms of British Columbia: A Physiographic Outline (Bulletin 48)
673:. Lewis and Clark called the Cascade Range the "Western Mountains".
1837:"Naming the Cascade Range Volcanoes: Mount St. Helens, Washington"
1336:
1278:
1211:
1168:
1034:
The Cascade volcanoes define the Pacific Northwest section of the
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997:
992:
Helens, but precautions are being taken nevertheless, such as the
953:
of the Columbia River). The Road left the Columbia at what is now
932:
844:
772:
690:
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that they named for the sponsor of the expedition, U.S. President
637:
500:
331:
2317:
Dzurisin, Dan; Stauffer, Peter H.; Hendley, James W. II (2000) .
2008:"Pilot Project – Mount Rainier Volcano Lahar Warning System"
1585:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1722:"The Cascade Episode: Evolution of the Modern Pacific Northwest"
1347:
packs returning from Canada live in the Cascades. Fewer than 50
1344:
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1298:
1282:
1202:
518:
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2349:
Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes
859:
The Canadian side of the range has a history that includes the
395:. The southern part of the Canadian Cascades, particularly the
1332:
1286:
1198:
886:, along one of the steepest and snowiest routes in the entire
2408:(2nd ed.). Seattle, Washington: The Mountaineers Books.
957:
and passed along the south side of Mount Hood at what is now
1087:
in the late winter, while in the summer they become popular
2455:
Eastern Cascades Forests images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
1871:"The Volcanoes of Lewis and Clark, Mount Jefferson, Oregon"
1529:
1527:
1075:, and erode relatively easily. Volcanic debris, especially
1067:. This is largely because volcanic rocks are often rich in
533:
in eastern Washington, Oregon, and parts of western Idaho.
2385:
North Cascades Crest: Notes and Images from America's Alps
1508:. U.S. Geological Survey. February 7, 2013. Archived from
1118:, retains a reservoir which spans the border southeast of
1277:
is at ~6000 feet. On the east side, subalpine forests of
2300:
Duffell, Stanley; McTaggart, Kenneth Cunningham (1951).
1819:
1817:
801:
of British Columbia in 1858, the Hudson's Bay Company's
406:
The range is near the Pacific Ocean and in the region's
387:, reaching to the northern extremity of the Cascades at
1502:"Mount St. Helens: 2004–2008 Renewed Volcanic Activity"
1293:
below 2500 ft, which in turn grades to semidesert
1273:
groves from 4500 to 6000 ft on the west side. The
2198:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
2128:
Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources
2266:. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Historical Society Press.
1141:
The Cascades harbor a largely-untapped potential for
1016:
Geology of the Cascade Range-related plate tectonics.
3236:
3194:
3050:
3020:
2973:
2930:
2921:
2759:
2691:
2684:
2618:
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1243:. The southern part of the Cascades are within the
336:
Notable volcanoes in the US portion of the Cascades
179:
171:
166:
158:
150:
145:
106:
91:
77:
72:
32:
2427:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
2382:
2332:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
595:") in 1790. Mount Rainier was named after Admiral
1750:"The native names of Pacific Northwest mountains"
1743:
1741:
1739:
1351:reside in the Cascades of Canada and Washington.
1257:predominates above 2500 ft, while there are
450:), while the drier eastern slopes feature mostly
1557:
2423:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen, eds. (1990).
2285:. Seattle, Washington: The Mountaineers Books.
529:form the 200,000-square-mile (520,000 km)
1638:
599:. Later in 1792, Vancouver had his lieutenant
2490:
2193:"Ecoregions of Western Washington and Oregon"
1408:List of mountain ranges in Washington (state)
259:in Washington at 14,411 feet (4,392 m).
8:
1398:List of mountain peaks of Washington (state)
583:, although the first European to see it was
2240:"The forgotten North Cascades grizzly bear"
2057:
2055:
1289:forests below 4200 ft, which grade to
949:(previously, settlers had to raft down the
882:penetrated the range via the passes of the
818:was also used by the Hudson's Bay Company.
154:700 mi (1,100 km) north-south
3058:
2927:
2688:
2497:
2483:
2475:
1702:. Northwest Power and Conservation Council
810:was used for driving cattle and horses to
698:is the tallest point in the U.S. state of
287:major eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980
29:
2320:Living With Volcanic Risk in the Cascades
1922:. Van Winkle Publishing Co. p. 150.
344:(also known as Mount Lassen) in northern
2389:. Seattle, Washington: Sasquatch Books.
2014:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from
1806:. U.S. Geological Survey. Archived from
1671:. Idaho State University. Archived from
1482:United States Department of the Interior
629:Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens
3503:Geologic provinces of the United States
2095:. City of Klamath Falls. Archived from
1435:
785:The course of political history in the
722:into the mountains. He might have used
277:over the last 200 years have been from
27:Mountain range in western North America
3513:Mountain ranges of Northern California
1972:
1942:
1903:
1891:
1857:
1823:
1626:
1569:
1545:
1533:
1231:; the higher altitudes have extensive
825:the inward flux of migration from the
3523:Mountain ranges of Washington (state)
2774:Archaeology and Historic Preservation
2404:Mueller, Marge; Mueller, Ted (2002).
1650:
1600:McLaughlin, Mark (October 14, 2010).
937:The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
842:), or other forms of protected area.
525:. Together, these sequences of fluid
7:
2074:Pacific – Cascades Volcanic Province
2041:Pacific – Cascades Volcanic Province
1804:Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington
1193:Forests of large, coniferous trees (
3508:Mountain ranges of British Columbia
2330:Earth Systems: Processes and Issues
2302:Ashcroft Map-Area, British Columbia
1694:Harrison, John (October 31, 2008).
1473:Geographic Names Information System
517:Beyond the eastern foothills is an
340:The Cascades extend northward from
255:. The highest peak in the range is
2238:Rice, Nathan (November 14, 2011).
1778:Naming the Cascade Range Volcanoes
1444:"Topographic map of Mount Rainier"
1197:, Douglas-firs, western hemlocks,
25:
2406:Exploring Washington's Wild Areas
1413:List of mountain ranges of Oregon
571:In early 1792, British navigator
51:The Cascades in Washington, with
3498:Geologic provinces of California
3464:
3450:
2114: This article incorporates
2109:
2066: This article incorporates
2061:
2033: This article incorporates
2028:
1665:"Columbia River Basalt Province"
1403:List of mountain peaks of Oregon
1388:Geology of the Pacific Northwest
1378:Cascadia (independence movement)
1361:
1022:Geology of the Pacific Northwest
364:separates the Cascades from the
45:
2079:United States Geological Survey
2046:United States Geological Survey
1478:United States Geological Survey
930:to the south, near the border.
667:high but distant snowy pinnacle
3224:Greater Portland and Vancouver
1956:"Museum of the Siskiyou Trail"
372:from the upper portion of the
1:
3457:Washington (state) portal
2163:10.1126/science.204.4400.1380
1663:Straub, Kristen; Link, Paul.
1245:California Floristic Province
1189:Ecology of the North Cascades
878:The southern mainline of the
854:Lassen Volcanic National Park
635:, meaning "snowy mountains".
318:Lassen Volcanic National Park
97:14,411 ft (4,392 m)
38:Cascade Mountains (in Canada)
3471:Pacific Northwest portal
3214:Tri-Cities metropolitan area
2909:Utilities and Transportation
2864:Public Disclosure Commission
2328:Ernst, Wallace Gary (2000).
1558:Duffell & McTaggart 1951
1506:Cascades Volcano Observatory
1393:List of Cascade Range topics
1099:before the water is used to
994:Cascades Volcano Observatory
840:E.C. Manning Provincial Park
306:North Cascades National Park
3219:Wenatchee metropolitan area
2899:Student Achievement Council
2859:Institute for Public Policy
2366:Holland, Stuart S. (1976).
2347:Harris, Stephen L. (2005).
1774:"Mount Rainier, Washington"
1748:Hale, Jamie (17 May 2019),
1583:"National Climate Extremes"
589:la gran montaña del Carmelo
523:Columbia River Basalt Group
385:Canada–United States border
320:. The northern half of the
310:Mount Rainier National Park
281:. The two most recent were
3559:
2889:Social and Health Services
2425:Volcanoes of North America
2225:"Life Zones in Washington"
1986:"North Cascades Ecoregion"
1639:Mueller & Mueller 2002
1182:
1071:-bearing minerals such as
1019:
996:and Mount Rainier Volcano
863:of 1858–60 and its famous
659:Lewis and Clark Expedition
219:, extending from southern
130:46.8528267°N 121.7604408°W
3528:North American Cordillera
3518:Mountain ranges of Oregon
3444:
3061:
2839:Liquor and Cannabis Board
2741:Congressional delegations
2516:
2323:. U.S. Geological Survey.
1916:Majors, Harry M. (1975).
1002:Pierce County, Washington
560:, "M'laiksini Yaina" for
408:prevailing westerly winds
348:to the confluence of the
314:Crater Lake National Park
44:
37:
2869:Public Stadium Authority
2553:Census-designated places
2281:Beckey, Fred W. (2008).
2262:Beckey, Fred W. (2003).
1873:. U.S. Geological Survey
1839:. U.S. Geological Survey
1780:. U.S. Geological Survey
1669:Digital Geology of Idaho
1383:Cascadia subduction zone
1369:Pacific Northwest portal
880:Canadian Pacific Railway
781:in the Canadian Cascades
710:, a fur trader with the
601:William Robert Broughton
558:Mount Jefferson (Oregon)
285:from 1914 to 1921 and a
275:contiguous United States
175:United States and Canada
162:80 mi (130 km)
135:46.8528267; -121.7604408
18:California Cascade Range
2746:Congressional districts
2012:Volcano Hazards Program
861:Fraser Canyon Gold Rush
646:in summer as seen from
368:in Canada, as does the
3538:Physiographic sections
2884:Services for the Blind
2809:Financial Institutions
2381:Martin, James (2002).
2116:public domain material
2068:public domain material
2035:public domain material
1700:Columbia River History
1696:"Columbia River Gorge"
1224:
1180:
1147:U.S. Geological Survey
1120:Hope, British Columbia
1017:
938:
918:, to the west, or via
856:
782:
703:
654:
514:
337:
2721:Legislative districts
1975:, pp. 63–64, 98.
1608:. Truckee, California
1223:in the North Cascades
1215:
1172:
1151:Klamath Falls, Oregon
1015:
936:
910:built as part of the
848:
776:
764:Medicine Lake Volcano
694:
641:
504:
432:Pseudotsuga menziesii
335:
3533:Pacific Coast Ranges
2945:Long Beach Peninsula
2829:Labor and Industries
2824:Information Services
2093:"Geothermal Utility"
1988:. Land Scope America
1919:Exploring Washington
1418:Oregon's Matterhorns
1185:Cascades (ecoregion)
1124:Concrete, Washington
1048:North American Plate
1046:plunges beneath the
1026:Cascade Volcanic Arc
834:or British Columbia
803:York Factory Express
740:Hudson's Bay Company
682:Bonneville Reservoir
556:, "Seekseekqua" for
538:Columbia River Gorge
251:or, locally, as the
2804:Enterprise Services
2799:Employment Security
2610:Tourist attractions
2563:Indian reservations
2246:. Paonia, Colorado.
2155:1979Sci...204.1380W
2149:(4400): 1380–1386.
2121:"Pacific Northwest"
2099:on October 6, 2010.
1800:"Northwest Legends"
1675:on October 23, 2013
1536:, pp. 191–200.
1174:Oval-leaf blueberry
1108:hydroelectric power
1097:hydroelectric power
795:49th parallel north
770:, and Lassen Peak.
324:follows the range.
322:Pacific Crest Trail
291:American Cordillera
233:Northern California
126: /
2987:Central Washington
2874:Retirement Systems
1962:on April 15, 2012.
1247:, an area of high
1225:
1195:western red cedars
1181:
1130:is dammed to form
1044:Juan de Fuca Plate
1042:, where the dense
1018:
1000:Warning System in
951:treacherous rapids
939:
904:Coquihalla Highway
888:Pacific Cordillera
857:
783:
712:North West Company
704:
655:
642:West side view of
603:explore the lower
515:
464:Larix occidentalis
440:Tsuga heterophylla
374:Oregon Coast Range
338:
239:, and the notable
100: NAVD 88
73:Highest point
3543:Regions of Oregon
3480:
3479:
3232:
3231:
3046:
3045:
2950:Olympic Peninsula
2917:
2916:
2849:Natural Resources
2814:Fish and Wildlife
2434:978-0-521-43811-7
2415:978-0-89886-807-4
2396:978-1-57061-140-7
2358:978-0-87842-511-2
2339:978-0-521-47323-1
2292:978-1-59485-136-0
2273:978-0-87595-243-7
2244:High Country News
2143:Northwest Science
1945:, pp. 41–45.
1929:978-0-918664-00-6
1860:, pp. 38–39.
1512:on April 28, 2015
1229:coniferous forest
982:Willamette Valley
972:to north-central
964:In addition, the
787:Pacific Northwest
564:, "Tahoma", the
472:Tsuga mertensiana
370:Willamette Valley
279:Cascade volcanoes
253:Cascade Mountains
249:Canadian Cascades
201:
200:
102:
16:(Redirected from
3550:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3059:
3002:Okanogan Country
2992:Columbia Plateau
2960:San Juan Islands
2940:Kitsap Peninsula
2928:
2751:City governments
2689:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2476:
2438:
2419:
2400:
2388:
2377:
2362:
2343:
2324:
2313:
2296:
2277:
2248:
2247:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:on May 11, 2008.
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1958:. Archived from
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1810:on May 10, 2012.
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1589:on June 6, 2012.
1579:
1573:
1572:, pp. 9–12.
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1267:mountain hemlock
1155:Newberry Volcano
1143:geothermal power
1110:. One of these,
989:Mount St. Helens
970:California Trail
884:Coquihalla River
836:provincial parks
779:Coquihalla River
760:Mount McLoughlin
748:Portland, Oregon
671:Thomas Jefferson
625:Mount St. Helens
613:Lord Samuel Hood
573:George Vancouver
562:Mount McLoughlin
531:Columbia Plateau
509:marks where the
480:Abies lasiocarpa
468:mountain hemlock
401:Thompson Plateau
358:British Columbia
264:
263:The Cascades are
221:British Columbia
184:British Columbia
180:Provinces/States
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
98:
65:Mount St. Helens
49:
30:
21:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3465:
3463:
3451:
3449:
3440:
3228:
3209:Greater Spokane
3204:Greater Seattle
3196:
3190:
3053:
3042:
3016:
2969:
2913:
2755:
2736:Ballot measures
2680:
2614:
2524:
2512:
2503:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2422:
2416:
2403:
2397:
2380:
2376:on May 4, 2005.
2365:
2359:
2346:
2340:
2327:
2316:
2299:
2293:
2280:
2274:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2053:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1826:, pp. 3–7.
1822:
1815:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1532:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1468:"Mount Rainier"
1466:
1465:
1461:
1452:
1450:
1448:opentopomap.org
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1422:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1281:trees grade to
1191:
1183:Main articles:
1167:
1061:
1028:
1010:
978:Ashland, Oregon
966:Applegate Trail
959:Government Camp
906:, a government
900:Othello Tunnels
896:railway roadbed
678:Cascades Rapids
587:, who named it
550:
484:subalpine larch
456:Pinus ponderosa
436:western hemlock
412:orographic lift
389:Lytton Mountain
366:Coast Mountains
330:
262:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
68:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3556:
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3515:
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3505:
3500:
3495:
3485:
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3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3460:
3445:
3442:
3441:
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3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:Spokane Valley
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3038:Columbia River
3035:
3033:Columbia Gorge
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2983:
2981:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2904:Transportation
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Early Learning
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2761:State agencies
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2555:
2550:
2548:Municipalities
2545:
2543:Climate change
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2444:External links
2442:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2420:
2414:
2401:
2395:
2378:
2363:
2357:
2344:
2338:
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2257:
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2250:
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2216:
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2133:
2102:
2084:
2051:
2021:
1999:
1977:
1965:
1947:
1935:
1928:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1862:
1850:
1828:
1813:
1791:
1765:
1735:
1713:
1686:
1655:
1653:, p. 479.
1643:
1631:
1619:
1592:
1574:
1562:
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1523:
1493:
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1434:
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1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1356:
1353:
1341:mountain goats
1178:Mount Pilchuck
1166:
1163:
1093:mountaineering
1083:, are used as
1060:
1057:
1009:
1006:
812:Fort Nisqually
791:Oregon Dispute
752:Siskiyou Trail
744:Fort Vancouver
732:Stehekin River
708:Alexander Ross
605:Columbia River
585:Manuel Quimper
549:
546:
511:Columbia River
507:Columbia Gorge
452:ponderosa pine
381:North Cascades
329:
326:
237:North Cascades
213:mountain range
199:
198:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
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110:
104:
103:
95:
89:
88:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
50:
42:
41:
40:"The Cascades"
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3496:
3494:
3493:Cascade Range
3491:
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3064:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Cascade Range
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3012:Yakima Valley
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Methow Valley
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2965:Skagit Valley
2963:
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2558:Federal lands
2556:
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2549:
2546:
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2541:
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2536:
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2220:
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2205:on 2017-05-25
2201:
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2098:
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2085:
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2058:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1909:
1906:, p. 48.
1905:
1900:
1897:
1894:, p. 28.
1893:
1888:
1885:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1832:
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1825:
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1814:
1809:
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1801:
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1769:
1766:
1755:
1754:The Oregonian
1751:
1744:
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1740:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1701:
1697:
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1666:
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1652:
1647:
1644:
1641:, p. 99.
1640:
1635:
1632:
1629:, p. 16.
1628:
1623:
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1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1578:
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1571:
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1559:
1554:
1551:
1548:, p. 31.
1547:
1542:
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1511:
1507:
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1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1349:grizzly bears
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:and interior
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:subalpine fir
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1237:alpine tundra
1234:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1217:Mountain goat
1214:
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1196:
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921:
917:
916:Fraser Canyon
913:
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876:
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862:
855:
851:
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843:
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837:
833:
832:U.S. national
828:
824:
823:Oregon Treaty
819:
817:
813:
809:
804:
800:
796:
792:
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780:
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771:
769:
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761:
757:
753:
749:
746:near today's
745:
741:
736:
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729:
726:to reach the
725:
721:
717:
716:Fort Okanogan
713:
709:
701:
697:
693:
689:
687:
686:David Douglas
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
657:In 1805, the
653:
649:
645:
644:Mount Shuksan
640:
636:
634:
633:Sierra Nevada
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Peter Rainier
594:
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582:
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569:
567:
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559:
555:
547:
545:
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539:
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532:
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527:volcanic rock
524:
520:
512:
508:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:Larix lyallii
485:
481:
477:
476:subalpine fir
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:western larch
458:), with some
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:Mount Rainier
417:
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307:
302:
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299:South America
296:
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288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
267:Pacific Ocean
260:
258:
257:Mount Rainier
254:
250:
246:
245:High Cascades
243:known as the
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:North America
214:
210:
206:
205:Cascade Range
197:
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111:
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101:
96:
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90:
87:
83:
82:Mount Rainier
80:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:Mount Rainier
48:
43:
36:
33:Cascade Range
31:
19:
3462:
3448:
3371:Pend Oreille
3311:Grays Harbor
3195:Metropolitan
3027:
2894:State Patrol
2706:Constitution
2666:Homelessness
2646:Demographics
2518:
2424:
2405:
2384:
2374:the original
2368:
2348:
2329:
2319:
2301:
2282:
2263:
2243:
2233:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2200:the original
2187:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2127:
2105:
2097:the original
2087:
2073:
2040:
2024:
2016:the original
2011:
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1980:
1968:
1960:the original
1950:
1938:
1918:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1875:. Retrieved
1865:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1831:
1808:the original
1803:
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1777:
1768:
1757:, retrieved
1753:
1726:. Retrieved
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1699:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1668:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1605:
1595:
1587:the original
1577:
1565:
1560:, p. 8.
1553:
1541:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:the original
1505:
1496:
1485:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:
1438:
1307:
1253:
1249:biodiversity
1226:
1221:Wallaby Peak
1192:
1140:
1132:Lake Shannon
1116:Skagit River
1105:
1081:Mt. Bachelor
1062:
1052:oceanic slab
1036:Ring of Fire
1033:
1029:
986:
963:
947:Oregon Trail
940:
924:Manning Park
920:Allison Pass
877:
865:Cariboo Road
858:
827:Oregon Trail
820:
799:Crown Colony
784:
768:Mount Shasta
737:
728:Skagit River
724:Cascade Pass
720:Methow River
705:
675:
656:
648:Artist Point
632:
593:Mount Carmel
588:
581:Joseph Baker
570:
551:
535:
516:
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
439:
431:
405:
397:Skagit Range
378:
362:Fraser River
339:
303:
271:Ring of Fire
265:part of the
261:
252:
248:
244:
208:
204:
202:
3421:Walla Walla
3111:Federal Way
2955:Puget Sound
2784:Corrections
2769:Agriculture
2716:Legislature
2671:LGBT rights
2575:Earthquakes
2209:November 4,
1973:Beckey 2003
1943:Beckey 2003
1904:Beckey 2003
1892:Beckey 2003
1858:Beckey 2003
1824:Beckey 2003
1728:November 9,
1706:November 9,
1679:November 3,
1627:Beckey 2008
1612:November 9,
1570:Beckey 2003
1546:Martin 2002
1534:Beckey 2008
1516:November 9,
1309:Black bears
1235:as well as
1128:Baker River
1085:ski resorts
943:Barlow Road
908:megaproject
869:Similkameen
850:Lassen Peak
816:Yakima Pass
808:Naches Pass
756:Crater Lake
663:Mount Adams
607:. He named
577:Puget Sound
566:Lushootseed
496:rain shadow
448:Alnus rubra
428:Douglas-fir
416:Mount Baker
342:Lassen Peak
283:Lassen Peak
215:of western
211:is a major
133: /
121:121°45′38″W
108:Coordinates
57:Mount Adams
3487:Categories
3151:Marysville
3126:Bellingham
2693:Government
2510:Washington
1759:25 October
1651:Ernst 2000
1606:Sierra Sun
1487:2023-05-08
1453:2023-05-08
1425:References
1343:and a few
1255:Silver fir
1136:Baker Lake
1073:orthoclase
1059:Human uses
1040:subduction
1020:See also:
955:Hood River
892:Hope, B.C.
696:Mount Hood
652:Washington
621:Royal Navy
609:Mount Hood
554:Mount Hood
424:Lake Helen
356:rivers in
346:California
225:Washington
196:California
188:Washington
146:Dimensions
118:46°51′10″N
86:Washington
61:Mount Hood
3416:Wahkiakum
3396:Snohomish
3341:Klickitat
3321:Jefferson
3171:Shoreline
3156:Sammamish
3136:Kennewick
3081:Vancouver
2834:Licensing
2711:Governors
2656:Education
2570:Geography
2523:(capital)
1784:April 23,
1430:Citations
1291:ponderosa
1069:potassium
1065:volcanoes
1050:. As the
928:Highway 3
875:valleys.
838:(such as
742:(HBC) at
706:In 1814,
688:in 1825.
575:explored
494:due to a
492:foothills
444:red alder
328:Geography
241:volcanoes
172:Countries
167:Geography
93:Elevation
3411:Thurston
3391:Skamania
3381:San Juan
3361:Okanogan
3336:Kittitas
3301:Garfield
3296:Franklin
3276:Columbia
3238:Counties
3166:Richland
3161:Lakewood
3121:Kirkland
3086:Bellevue
2844:Military
2779:Commerce
2685:Politics
2676:Politics
2661:Gun laws
2631:Cannabis
2626:Abortion
2585:Highways
2179:28313427
2171:17814182
1992:June 15,
1877:June 15,
1843:June 15,
1355:See also
1275:treeline
1241:glaciers
1112:Ross Dam
1101:irrigate
898:and the
873:Okanagan
591:("Great
498:effect.
354:Thompson
223:through
209:Cascades
3431:Whitman
3426:Whatcom
3406:Stevens
3401:Spokane
3366:Pacific
3351:Lincoln
3286:Douglas
3281:Cowlitz
3266:Clallam
3176:Olympia
3146:Redmond
3096:Everett
3071:Spokane
3066:Seattle
3052:Largest
3007:Palouse
2975:Eastern
2932:Western
2923:Regions
2879:Revenue
2794:Ecology
2651:Economy
2641:Culture
2619:Society
2605:Symbols
2580:History
2538:Outline
2520:Olympia
2310:3333133
2255:Sources
2151:Bibcode
1325:beavers
1321:cougars
1317:bobcats
1313:coyotes
1263:meadows
1233:meadows
1207:spruces
1165:Ecology
1161:floor.
1159:caldera
1114:on the
1103:crops.
1008:Geology
912:Expo 86
890:. Near
619:of the
617:admiral
548:History
542:Miocene
295:Central
3436:Yakima
3386:Skagit
3376:Pierce
3331:Kitsap
3316:Island
3261:Chelan
3256:Benton
3251:Asotin
3186:Burien
3131:Auburn
3116:Yakima
3101:Renton
3076:Tacoma
3054:cities
3021:Shared
2979:Inland
2819:Health
2731:Senate
2600:People
2530:Topics
2431:
2412:
2393:
2355:
2336:
2308:
2289:
2270:
2177:
2169:
1926:
1303:lichen
1265:, and
1145:. The
1126:, the
1089:hiking
1077:lahars
974:Nevada
926:along
894:, the
700:Oregon
611:after
482:) and
474:) and
442:) and
393:relief
360:. The
350:Nicola
316:, and
297:, and
229:Oregon
194:, and
192:Oregon
151:Length
84:,
63:, and
3356:Mason
3346:Lewis
3306:Grant
3291:Ferry
3271:Clark
3246:Adams
3197:areas
3181:Lacey
3141:Pasco
2854:Parks
2726:House
2636:Crime
2595:Parks
2590:Music
2506:State
2203:(PDF)
2196:(PDF)
2175:S2CID
2124:(PDF)
2118:from
2070:from
2037:from
1337:moose
1295:scrub
1279:larch
1259:moors
1203:pines
998:Lahar
615:, an
159:Width
3326:King
3091:Kent
2429:ISBN
2410:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2353:ISBN
2334:ISBN
2306:OCLC
2287:ISBN
2268:ISBN
2211:2013
2167:PMID
1994:2012
1924:ISBN
1879:2012
1845:2012
1786:2012
1761:2021
1730:2013
1708:2013
1681:2013
1614:2013
1518:2013
1345:wolf
1329:deer
1301:and
1299:moss
1283:pine
1239:and
1199:firs
1187:and
1134:and
1091:and
1024:and
941:The
922:and
871:and
777:The
536:The
519:arid
505:The
352:and
227:and
203:The
78:Peak
2701:Law
2508:of
2159:doi
2147:204
1333:elk
1287:fir
1219:on
1176:on
1157:'s
650:in
466:),
434:),
269:'s
231:to
207:or
3489::
2242:.
2173:.
2165:.
2157:.
2145:.
2126:.
2077:.
2054:^
2044:.
2010:.
1816:^
1802:.
1776:.
1752:,
1738:^
1698:.
1667:.
1604:.
1526:^
1504:.
1480:,
1476:.
1470:.
1446:.
1339:,
1335:,
1331:,
1327:,
1323:,
1319:,
1315:,
1311:,
1305:.
1261:,
1251:.
1205:,
1201:,
1138:.
1004:.
984:.
814:.
766:,
762:,
758:,
623:.
403:.
312:,
308:,
301:.
190:,
186:,
59:,
2977:/
2498:e
2491:t
2484:v
2437:.
2418:.
2399:.
2361:.
2342:.
2312:.
2295:.
2276:.
2227:.
2213:.
2181:.
2161::
2153::
2130:.
2081:.
2048:.
1996:.
1932:.
1881:.
1847:.
1788:.
1732:.
1710:.
1683:.
1616:.
1520:.
1490:.
1456:.
1269:/
702:.
486:(
478:(
470:(
462:(
454:(
446:(
438:(
430:(
67:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
