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no act whereby the title of the United States to, and right to dispose of, the same shall be impaired or questioned; and that they shall never lay any tax or assessment of any description whatsoever upon the public domain of the United States, and in no case shall nonresident proprietors, who are citizens of the United States, be taxed higher than residents; and that all the navigable waters within the said state shall be common highways, and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of said state as to the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost, or duty therefore: provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed as recognizing or rejecting the propositions tendered by the people of
California as articles of compact in the ordinance adopted by the convention which formed the constitution of that state.
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361:, a hero of but also a staunch opponent of the Mexican War, had become President in March 1849. Although Taylor was a southern slaveowner, he believed that slavery was economically unfeasible in the acquired territories and therefore opposed the expansion of slavery as pointless and controversial, which became a serious obstacle impeding agreement in Congress on a solution to the territorial issue. In Taylor's 1849 State of the Union message to Congress, he commented extensively on the issue of California, stating in part,
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330:, California, a large migration of Americans began, as well as an influx of new immigrants from Europe and Asia seeking to find gold or provide goods and services to those seeking gold. The migration gave rise to the immediate necessity of organizing the territory to provide services such as recording land deeds and claims, providing court services and law enforcement, and organizing local governments.
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has been accomplished; and it is believed they will shortly apply for the admission of
California into the Union as a sovereign State. Should such be the case, and should their constitution be conformable to the requisitions of the Constitution of the United States, I recommend their application to the favorable consideration of Congress.
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And be it further enacted, that the said state of
California is admitted into the Union upon the express condition that the people of said state, through their legislature or otherwise, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the public lands within its limits, and shall pass no law and do
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Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, that the state of California shall be one, and is hereby declared to be one, of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states in all
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No civil government having been provided by
Congress for California, the people of that Territory, impelled by the necessities of their political condition, recently met in convention for the purpose of forming a constitution and State government, which the latest advices give me reason to suppose
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The extension of the coast of the United States on the
Pacific and the unexampled rapidity with which the inhabitants of California especially are increasing in numbers have imparted new consequence to our relations with the other countries whose territories border upon that ocean. It is probable
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in 1820. The size of the
California territory, its natural resources, access to the Pacific, and the speed at which the territory's population was expanding added a special urgency to organizing and admitting California into the Union. Some feared that if the United States did not act swiftly an
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Whereas the people of
California have presented a constitution and asked admission into the Union, which constitution was submitted to Congress by the president of the United States, by message dated February thirteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty, and which, on due examination, is found to be
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became president. Although
Fillmore was a northerner and was not a slaveholder, he had strong ties to the South and was much more open to a compromise that would allow the extension of slavery into the territories. The change of leadership opened the door for the passage of the
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in
October 1849 in preparation for admission into the Union specifically prohibited slavery in the new state. The compromise was offset by concessions to slave states, including the possible extension of slavery into other territories ceded from Mexico and the passage of the
458:, That California, with suitable boundaries, ought, upon her application to be admitted as one of the States of this Union, without the imposition by Congress of any restriction in respect to the exclusion or introduction of slavery within those boundaries.
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that the intercourse between those countries and our possessions in that quarter, particularly with the Republic of Chili, will become extensive and mutually advantageous in proportion as California and Oregon shall increase in population and wealth.
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And be it further enacted, that, until the representatives in Congress shall be apportioned according to an actual enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, the state of California shall be entitled to two representatives in Congress.
615:, who was inaugurated as the first civilian governor prior to statehood on December 20, 1849 and continued in the position until January 9, 1851. The first two members from California to the United States Senate were
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on May 13, 1846. After receiving word of the declaration of war, a force consisting mostly of American settlers in California staged a revolt on June 15, 1846 against Mexican authorities, which became known at the
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On January 29, 1850, Senator Clay proposed eight resolutions to end the heated debate over the status of the territories acquired from Mexico. Congress adopted Clay's resolutions, collectively known as the
396:, respectively. In a 1949 address, CA state senator Herbert Jones suggests this was done as a compromise to make the state's admission more palatable to the South, but other sources make no such claim.
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425:, which stripped the free states of much of their legal ability to protect blacks who were suspected of fleeing slavery from kidnapping by slave catchers and forcible removal to the South.
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Placed the public land in California into the federal public domain under the sole authority of Congress and outside the authority of California to tax or lay assessments (Section Three).
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Stipulated that waterways in California would be open to free navigation by all citizens of the United States without the imposition of taxes, duties or fees for usage (Section Three).
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The California Constitution was adopted on November 13, 1849, and Taylor submitted a proposition to admit California as a new state to Congress for debate on February 13, 1850.
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The territory legislature first met as what would become the legislature of the State of California after admission on December 15, 1849 at the first state capital at
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Declared none of the provisions in the act of admission was to be construed as endorsing or rejecting any provision in the Constitution of California (Section Three).
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independence movement could erupt that might sever California from the United States. A fierce debate raged over the status of California and the other territories
322:, Congress began debating how to organize it. Initially, there was no cause to rush the organization, as the territory was sparsely populated. However, with the
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had previously voted on January 17, 1850 to admit California into the Union by a vote of 48 to 3 and they concurred with the House vote on September 7, 1850.
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The issue of the expansion or restriction of slavery was a fundamental dispute in the admission of new states to the Union since before the passage of the
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With the signing of the Compromise of 1850, California was formally admitted to the Union as the 31st state in the Union on September 9, 1850. The
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arrived in Sonoma and replaced the Bear Flag with the flag of the United States, formally declaring the United States possession of California.
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Despite outlawing slavery and applying to the Union as a free state, California had elected one anti-slavery and one pro-slavery senator,
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was intended as a declaration that Congress took no position on the provisions against slavery contained in the California constitution.
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approved the bill on September 7, 1850 by a vote of 150 to 56. The United States Senate under the careful leadership of Henry Clay and
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1829:. Museum of the City of San Francisco by Rockwell D. Hunt. Originally published by the San Francisco Chronicle on September 9, 1900.
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Woolsey, Ronald C. (1983). "A Southern Dilemma: Slavery Expansion and the California Statehood Issue in 1850—A Reconsideration".
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Heirs of the Founders: The Epic Rivalry of Henry Clay, John Calhoun and Daniel Webster, the Second Generation of American Giants
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649:(September 9) is an annual legal holiday in the state, celebrated as a day of observance to commemorate its admission into the
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assumed control of the republic's forces and integrated them into his California Battalion. On July 9, 1846, Navy Lieutenant
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The Struggle for Civil Government in California, 1846-1985 by Joseph Ellison, California Historical Society Quarterly;
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Granted California two seats in the House of Representatives until the next Congressional reapportionment (Section Two).
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Winter, Molly Crumpton (2008). "Culture-Tectonics: California Statehood and John Rollin Ridge's "Joaquín Murieta"".
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Burns, John F. (2003). "Taming the Elephant: An Introduction to California's Statehood and Constitutional Era".
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a large portion of northern Mexico in what is now the southwestern United States. With the acquisition of the
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Image of Congressional record for Henry Clay's resolutions proposing the Compromise of 1850, January 29, 1850
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871:"The Price of Admission: Causes, Effects, and Patterns of Conditions Imposed on States Entering the Union"
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1219:. It was created using blackberry juice. In 1906 it was destroyed in the fires that followed the great
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The California Admissions Act was the second act of the Compromise of 1850 to be passed by Congress.
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A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War and the Conquest of the American Continent
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A Country of Vast Designs: James K. Polk, the Mexican War and the Conquest of the American Continent
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America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union
1628:
Potter, David M. (1976). "Chapter 4: The Deadlock of 1846-1850, Chapter 5: The Armistice of 1850".
674:
America's Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen A. Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union
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279:
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Ellison, Joseph (1931). "The Struggle for Civil Government in California, 1846-1850 (Concluded)".
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1223:. A photograph exists of the flag from 1890 and, a reproduction of the flag is on display in the
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The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War
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Starr, Kevin (2007). "Chapter 11: Striking It Rich: The establishment of an American state".
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195:, the law made California one of only a few states to become a state without first being an
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1450:(Hardcover ed.). Newtown, CT: American Political Biography Press. pp. 147–172.
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An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846-1873
261:
17:
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278:. They overwhelmed and captured the small Mexican garrison at Sonoma and declared the
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638:(Independent) took their oaths of office to become the state’s two Representatives.
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over the captured garrison. Their control was largely restricted to the area around
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282:(Spanish: La República de California), or Bear Flag Republic, raising the original
153:
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1377:(Hardcover (Reprint) ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 302–305.
553:
99:
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The text of the act contained three sections and enacted five main provisions:
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221:
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Zachary Taylor: The American Presidents Series: The 12th President, 1849-1850
630:
and took their oaths of office on September 10, 1850. On September 11, 1850,
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was the formal title given to the Congressional legislation passed by the
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Admitted California as a full and equal state in the union (Section One).
1859:
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988:
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1418:
A Wicked War: Polk, Clay, Lincoln, and the 1846 U.S. Invasion of Mexico
894:
3364:
1565:. The National Archives and Records Administration. September 9, 1850.
191:
to the United States as the thirty-first state. Passed in 1850 by the
118:
1717:
1066:
959:
915:
4571:
1559:"An Act For The Admission Of The State Of California Into The Union"
1267:"An Act for the Admission of the State of California into the Union"
886:
693:
The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream
399:
With the unexpected death of Taylor on July 9, 1850, Vice President
4424:
1810:. Our Documents; The National Archives and Records Administration.
1798:. Our Documents; The National Archives and Records Administration.
1323:
Pathfinder: John Charles Frémont and the Course of American Empire
500:
An Act For The Admission Of The State Of California Into The Union
209:
An Act for the Admission of the State of California into the Union
181:
An Act for the Admission of the State of California into the Union
58:
An Act for the Admission of the State of California into the Union
1325:(Hardcover ed.). New York: Hill and Wang. pp. 325–334.
1350:(Hardcover, 2015 Reprint ed.). Mishawaka, IN: Palala Pres.
4428:
3368:
2956:
1863:
1834:"Governor Schwarzenegger Proclaims September 9 "Admission Day""
1823:. Glen Creason, Los Angeles Public Library, September 10, 2018.
1405:(Kindle ed.). New York: Modern Library. pp. 963–1052.
1236:
Contains an excellent historical bibliography of older sources.
998:"California Legal History: The California Constitution of 1849"
1346:
Revere, Joseph Warren (2011) . "Chapter 6: Bear Revolution".
27:
Federal admission act to join California to the United States
1416:
Greenberg, Amy S. (1992). "Chapter 12: To Conquer A Peace".
653:
as the thirty-first state on that date in 1850. The city of
975:
Parker, Robert J. (1939). "Clay and California Statehood".
1276:. The Government of the United States. September 9, 1850
290:
and lasted for 25 days. On July 5, 1846, Brevet Captain
1211:
The first version of the Bear State flag is named the
1172:
Popular Sovereignty and Slavery in the United States
940:(Part 3: Vol 10, No.3 (September, 1931), pp. 220-244
4668:
4647:
4614:
An Act for the Admission of the State of California
4579:
4504:
4339:
4036:
3993:
3665:
3418:
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3266:
3252:
2991:
2467:
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2000:
1901:
729:Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T. (2010).
584:
576:
565:
546:
124:
105:
86:
81:
73:
62:
54:
46:
257:Start of Mexican-American War and Bear Flag Revolt
91:
1632:(Hardcover ed.). New York: Harper Perennial.
1581:KPCC - NPR News for Southern California - 89.3 FM
1577:"Calif.'s first senators were split over slavery"
1215:. The designer was William L. Todd, a cousin of
977:Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society
946:Paddison, Joshua (2003). "Capturing California".
936:(Part 2: Vol.10, No.2 (June, 1931), pp. 129-164.)
611:. The first American governor of California was
932:(Part 1: Vol.10, No.1 (March, 1931), pp. 2-26 )
265:Todd's original Bear Flag, photographed in 1890
236:. The Act may informally be referred to as the
4780:History of the West Coast of the United States
1739:Senator Herbert C. Jones (December 10, 1949).
1532:"Timeline of California: States in the Senate"
1321:Chaffin, Tom (2002). "Chapter 11: Bear Flag".
4440:
3380:
2968:
1875:
1677:
1675:
1296:"California Admission Day: September 9, 1850"
845:Americans and the California Dream, 1850-1915
8:
1845:"California Admission Day September 9, 1850"
1804:. The United States Capitol Visitors Center.
1683:"The Admission of California into the Union"
1641:
1639:
1435:(Kindle ed.). New York: Modern Library.
32:
187:, is the federal legislation that admitted
4447:
4433:
4425:
3387:
3373:
3365:
2975:
2961:
2953:
1898:
1882:
1868:
1860:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1526:
1524:
1465:. New York: Times Books. pp. 101–102.
1448:Millard Fillmore: Biography of a President
1141:Territorial evolution of the United States
828:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company.
543:
4552:1856 United States presidential election
4537:1848 United States presidential election
1796:Text: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
1685:. United States House of Representatives
1396:
1394:
752:. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
432:
364:
260:
1706:California Historical Society Quarterly
1258:
1204:
1420:(Hardcover ed.). New York: Knopf.
598:United States House of Representatives
511:republican in its form of government:
31:
1741:"The First Legislature of California"
1604:"The First Legislature of California"
1121:History of California 1900 to present
875:The American Journal of Legal History
220:on September 9, 1850, which admitted
7:
1504:"Zachary Taylor:1849 Annual Message"
1126:Index of California-related articles
790:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
418:California Constitutional Convention
4775:Pre-statehood history of California
4482:Vice President of the United States
1743:. Senate of the State of California
1245:Contains an excellent bibliography.
1136:Territorial evolution of California
847:. London: Oxford University Press.
771:. London: Oxford University Press.
626:, both of whom were members of the
3860:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
1827:How California Came to be Admitted
1668:. The Senate of the United States.
1478:"Zachary Taylor: Domestic Affairs"
1192:Bibliography of California history
809:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
731:Henry Clay: The Essential American
676:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
96:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
4609:Indian Appropriations Act of 1851
4557:1856 American National Convention
1931:Genocide of indigenous population
1650:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
1116:History of California before 1900
942:. University of California Press.
767:Holt, Michael Fitzgibbon (1999).
750:The Political Crisis of the 1850s
748:Holt, Michael Fitzgibbon (1983).
4743:
4742:
4589:Inauguration of Millard Fillmore
4570:
4408:
4018:Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario
1975:Interim government of California
1853:"California Legal Holidays Laws"
1808:Transcript of Compromise of 1850
1476:Michael Holt (October 4, 2016).
1131:Historical outline of California
552:
38:
1630:The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861
1508:The American Presidency Project
1482:The American Presidency Project
1461:Esienhower, John S. D. (2008).
1082:"The Admission of California".
314:in 1848. In the treaty, Mexico
232:, California was admitted as a
4790:Presidency of Millard Fillmore
4471:President of the United States
4028:San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland
4008:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim
1182:Presidency of Millard Fillmore
310:ended with the signing of the
1:
4639:1852 Whig National Convention
4562:1856 Whig National Convention
4542:1848 Whig National Convention
4527:1844 Whig National Convention
1646:Bordewich, Fergus M. (2012).
1055:Southern California Quarterly
714:. Norwell, MA: Anchor Press.
695:. Norwall, MA: Anchor Press.
672:Bordewich, Fergus M. (2013).
535:Approved, September 9, 1850.
4785:History of the American West
2984:History of the United States
1348:A Tour of Duty in California
1187:Slavery in the United States
1177:Presidency of Zachary Taylor
136:in the Senate as S. 169
3588:National Historic Landmarks
1446:Rayback, Robert J. (1992).
1018:Western American Literature
351:ceded to the U.S. by Mexico
312:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
302:End of Mexican-American War
193:31st United States Congress
152:on September 7, 1850 (
68:31st United States Congress
4806:
4655:Statue of Millard Fillmore
4599:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
3593:National Natural Landmarks
1763:"California Admission Day"
1534:. The United States Senate
1162:Constitution of California
824:Scarry, Robert J. (2001).
733:. New York: Random House.
423:Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
337:
216:, and signed by President
4709:
4629:Illinois Central Railroad
4568:
4462:
4404:
3608:congressional delegations
3406:
1897:
1602:Herbert C. Jones (1950).
1371:Merry, Robert W. (2009).
1302:. The State of California
805:Merry, Robert W. (2010).
786:Madley, Benjamin (2017).
551:
224:as the 31st state to the
142:on August 14, 1850 (
129:
50:California Admissions Act
37:
3910:Santa Clara River Valley
3635:state historic landmarks
3286:Northern Mariana Islands
1821:California Admission Day
1662:"Clay's Last Compromise"
1221:San Francisco earthquake
1005:California Legal History
647:California Admission Day
642:California Admission Day
547:California Admission Day
463:California Admission Act
245:California Admission Act
239:California Statehood Act
185:California Admission Act
177:California Statehood Act
33:California Statehood Act
18:California Admission Day
4682:Millard Powers Fillmore
3890:San Francisco Peninsula
3685:California Coast Ranges
1891:History of California
1274:The Library of Congress
490:The final provision in
228:. Per the terms of the
4604:Swamp Land Act of 1850
4512:Millard Fillmore House
4496:(1833–1835, 1837–1843)
3960:Southern Border Region
3885:San Francisco Bay Area
3770:Greater San Bernardino
3740:East Bay (SF Bay Area)
1970:Conquest of California
1157:Conquest of California
1151:Admission Day Monument
1146:Admission to the Union
1084:Negro History Bulletin
710:Brands, H. W. (2018).
691:Brands, H. W. (2002).
613:Peter Hardeman Burnett
537:
460:
438:
383:
370:
271:declared war on Mexico
266:
183:and also known as the
4770:History of California
4688:Mary Abigail Fillmore
4532:University at Buffalo
4415:California portal
2131:Santa Catalina Island
2103:Territorial evolution
1433:California: A History
1403:California: A History
1401:Starr, Kevin (2007).
1225:El Presidio de Sonoma
1111:History of California
1030:10.1353/wal.2008.0004
843:Starr, Kevin (1973).
505:
453:
436:
408:, crafted by Senator
369:Zachary Taylor (1849)
368:
363:
264:
4694:Caroline C. Fillmore
4624:Millard County, Utah
4013:Sacramento–Roseville
3915:Santa Clarita Valley
1953:Mexican–American War
1938:Spanish colonization
869:Biber, Eric (2004).
609:San Jose, California
308:Mexican–American War
296:Joseph Warren Revere
166:on September 9, 1850
4490:U.S. Representative
3965:Southern California
3880:San Fernando Valley
3830:Northern California
3790:Greater Los Angeles
3296:U.S. Virgin Islands
2156:San Fernando Valley
2126:San Fernando Valley
1965:California Republic
1583:. September 5, 2010
518:respects whatever.
346:Missouri Compromise
280:California Republic
197:organized territory
125:Legislative history
34:
4730:← George M. Dallas
4700:Nathaniel Fillmore
4594:Compromise of 1850
4517:Anti-Masonic Party
3905:Santa Clara Valley
3900:San Joaquin Valley
3895:San Gabriel Valley
3750:Eastern California
3720:Coastal California
3695:Central California
1980:United States rule
1926:Later explorations
1921:First explorations
1911:Native Californian
1167:Flag of California
948:California History
904:California History
559:Flag of California
503:reads as follows:
439:
406:Compromise of 1850
371:
340:Compromise of 1850
288:Sonoma, California
269:The United States
267:
230:Compromise of 1850
47:Other short titles
4757:
4756:
4735:William R. King →
4722:Franklin Pierce →
4422:
4421:
4023:San Diego–Tijuana
3970:Transverse Ranges
3920:Santa Ynez Valley
3870:Saddleback Valley
3865:Sacramento Valley
3850:Peninsular Ranges
3825:North County (SD)
3795:Los Angeles Basin
3657:Index of articles
3362:
3361:
2950:
2949:
2144:
2143:
2025:Industrial growth
1217:Mary Todd Lincoln
996:Sanders, Myra K.
594:
593:
324:discovery of gold
173:
172:
140:Passed the Senate
108:Statutes at Large
77:September 9, 1850
16:(Redirected from
4797:
4746:
4745:
4715:← Zachary Taylor
4676:Abigail Fillmore
4634:Perry Expedition
4574:
4497:
4485:
4474:
4456:Millard Fillmore
4449:
4442:
4435:
4426:
4413:
4412:
4411:
3755:Emerald Triangle
3745:East County (SD)
3730:Cucamonga Valley
3715:Coachella Valley
3458:California Dream
3448:California sound
3389:
3382:
3375:
3366:
3306:Outlying islands
3260:Washington, D.C.
3254:Federal district
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:
2612:Rancho Cucamonga
2587:Huntington Beach
2040:Legal revolution
1948:California Trail
1899:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1838:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1767:Farmer's Almanac
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1718:10.2307/25160443
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1502:Zachary Taylor.
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1271:
1263:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1228:
1209:
1153:in San Francisco
1099:
1078:
1067:10.2307/41171032
1049:
1012:
1002:
992:
971:
960:10.2307/25161702
954:(3/4): 126–136.
927:
916:10.2307/25161698
898:
858:
839:
826:Millard Fillmore
820:
801:
782:
763:
744:
725:
706:
687:
636:George W. Wright
628:Democratic Party
566:Observed by
556:
544:
449:Clay Resolutions
442:Clay Resolutions
401:Millard Fillmore
353:for most of the
334:Admission debate
276:Bear Flag Revolt
218:Millard Fillmore
164:Millard Fillmore
150:Passed the House
109:
97:
93:
42:
35:
21:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4705:
4664:
4660:Fillmore Street
4643:
4575:
4566:
4500:
4488:
4477:
4466:
4458:
4453:
4423:
4418:
4409:
4407:
4400:
4342:
4335:
4241:San Luis Obispo
4032:
3989:
3810:Mountain Empire
3710:Channel Islands
3675:Antelope Valley
3661:
3625:Protected areas
3414:
3402:
3393:
3363:
3358:
3300:
3262:
3248:
2987:
2981:
2951:
2946:
2832:San Luis Obispo
2463:
2369:San Luis Obispo
2160:
2140:
2107:
2054:
2030:Postwar culture
1996:
1893:
1888:
1851:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1790:Primary Sources
1787:
1782:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1703:
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1303:
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1279:
1277:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1106:
1081:
1052:
1015:
1000:
995:
974:
945:
901:
887:10.2307/3692440
868:
865:
855:
842:
836:
823:
817:
804:
798:
785:
779:
766:
760:
747:
741:
728:
722:
709:
703:
690:
684:
671:
668:
663:
644:
634:(Democrat) and
624:William M. Gwin
620:John C. Fremont
617:San Franciscans
572:, United States
561:
542:
465:
444:
431:
416:adopted by the
390:John C. Frémont
342:
336:
320:large territory
304:
292:John C. Frémont
284:Bear State flag
259:
254:
205:
169:
160:Signed into law
107:
95:
63:Enacted by
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4803:
4801:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4762:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4718:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Fillmore, Utah
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4475:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4221:San Bernardino
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3950:South Bay (SF)
3947:
3945:South Bay (SD)
3942:
3940:South Bay (LA)
3937:
3935:Silicon Valley
3932:
3927:
3925:Shasta Cascade
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Salinas Valley
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:North Bay (SF)
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3705:Central Valley
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3647:Transportation
3644:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3424:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3369:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Navassa Island
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Johnston Atoll
3326:
3321:
3319:Howland Island
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:American Samoa
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3194:South Carolina
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:North Carolina
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:San Bernardino
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2349:San Bernardino
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
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2070:
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2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
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1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
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1950:
1940:
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1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1907:
1905:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1879:
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1858:
1857:
1849:
1841:
1830:
1824:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1786:
1785:External links
1783:
1780:
1779:
1754:
1731:
1712:(3): 220–244.
1696:
1671:
1653:
1635:
1620:
1594:
1568:
1545:
1520:
1494:
1468:
1453:
1438:
1423:
1408:
1390:
1384:978-0743297431
1383:
1363:
1357:978-0809075577
1356:
1338:
1332:978-0809075577
1331:
1313:
1287:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1213:Todd Bear flag
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1090:(1): 9. 1950.
1079:
1061:(2): 123–144.
1050:
1024:(3): 258–276.
1013:
993:
983:(118): 57–58.
972:
943:
928:
899:
881:(2): 119–208.
864:
861:
860:
859:
854:978-0195016444
853:
840:
835:978-0786408696
834:
821:
816:978-0743297448
815:
802:
797:978-0300230697
796:
783:
778:978-0195055443
777:
764:
759:978-0393953701
758:
745:
740:978-1400067268
739:
726:
721:978-0385542531
720:
707:
702:978-0385502160
701:
688:
683:978-1439124611
682:
667:
664:
662:
659:
643:
640:
632:Edward Gilbert
602:Daniel Webster
592:
591:
586:
582:
581:
578:
574:
573:
567:
563:
562:
557:
549:
548:
541:
538:
488:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
464:
461:
443:
440:
430:
427:
359:Zachary Taylor
335:
332:
303:
300:
258:
255:
253:
250:
204:
201:
171:
170:
168:
167:
157:
147:
137:
130:
127:
126:
122:
121:
111:
103:
102:
88:
84:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4802:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4750:
4749:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4719:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4701:
4698:
4696:(second wife)
4695:
4692:
4689:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4366:San Francisco
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4341:Most populous
4338:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Santa Barbara
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4231:San Francisco
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Fresno–Madera
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3995:Metro regions
3992:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Victor Valley
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:Sierra Nevada
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3855:Pomona Valley
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Mojave Desert
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3780:Klamath Basin
3778:
3776:
3775:Inland Empire
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Conejo Valley
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:Central Coast
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3690:Cascade Range
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:NRHP listings
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:Supreme Court
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Palmyra Atoll
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3324:Jarvis Island
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3234:West Virginia
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:New Hampshire
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:Massachusetts
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Crescent City
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2777:Santa Barbara
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Thousand Oaks
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Santa Clarita
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:Moreno Valley
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:San Francisco
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2379:Santa Barbara
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2359:San Francisco
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1697:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1621:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1563:Our Documents
1560:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1314:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1275:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
910:(3/4): 1–26.
909:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
866:
862:
856:
850:
846:
841:
837:
831:
827:
822:
818:
812:
808:
803:
799:
793:
789:
784:
780:
774:
770:
765:
761:
755:
751:
746:
742:
736:
732:
727:
723:
717:
713:
708:
704:
698:
694:
689:
685:
679:
675:
670:
669:
665:
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
590:
587:
583:
580:State Holiday
579:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
555:
550:
545:
539:
536:
533:
530:
526:
523:
519:
516:
512:
509:
504:
502:
501:
495:
493:
492:Section Three
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
472:
471:
468:
462:
459:
457:
452:
450:
441:
435:
428:
426:
424:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
397:
395:
391:
386:
382:
378:
375:
367:
362:
360:
356:
355:31st Congress
352:
347:
341:
333:
331:
329:
328:Sutter's Mill
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
301:
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4678:(first wife)
4648:Public image
4547:Know Nothing
4406:
4076:Contra Costa
3985:Wine Country
3845:Oxnard Plain
3840:Owens Valley
3835:Orange Coast
3760:Gold Country
3735:Death Valley
3470:Demographics
3408:
3339:Midway Atoll
3334:Kingman Reef
3314:Baker Island
3291:Puerto Rico
3199:South Dakota
3189:Rhode Island
3184:Pennsylvania
3164:North Dakota
2797:Redwood City
2772:Santa Monica
2597:Garden Grove
2204:Contra Costa
1943:Mexican rule
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4473:(1850–1853)
4391:Bakersfield
4351:Los Angeles
4256:Santa Clara
4236:San Joaquin
4136:Los Angeles
3955:South Coast
3820:North Coast
3765:Great Basin
3630:state parks
3583:LGBT rights
3549:legislature
3497:Environment
3485:agriculture
3475:Earthquakes
3354:Wake Island
3268:Territories
3114:Mississippi
3029:Connecticut
2937:Nevada City
2897:Placerville
2762:Santa Maria
2722:Victorville
2712:Santa Clara
2697:Simi Valley
2542:Chula Vista
2517:Bakersfield
2477:Los Angeles
2384:Santa Clara
2364:San Joaquin
2264:Los Angeles
2050:Present day
2035:Development
2015:Engineering
1960:Californios
1903:Before 1900
1608:law.ggu.edu
589:September 9
4764:Categories
4690:(daughter)
4581:Presidency
4522:Whig Party
4381:Long Beach
4376:Sacramento
4291:Stanislaus
4261:Santa Cruz
4216:San Benito
4211:Sacramento
3975:Tri-Valley
3800:Lost Coast
3785:Lake Tahoe
3561:Healthcare
3529:Government
3410:Sacramento
3400:California
3229:Washington
3149:New Mexico
3144:New Jersey
3019:California
2887:Marysville
2862:Susanville
2817:San Rafael
2812:Santa Cruz
2742:Costa Mesa
2602:Santa Rosa
2507:Long Beach
2502:Sacramento
2419:Stanislaus
2389:Santa Cruz
2344:San Benito
2339:Sacramento
2020:Water wars
2002:Since 1900
1916:Precontact
1772:August 16,
1747:August 16,
1689:August 16,
1666:Senate.gov
1587:January 6,
1538:August 16,
1513:August 16,
1487:August 16,
1306:August 11,
1280:August 11,
1253:References
570:California
437:Henry Clay
410:Henry Clay
357:. General
338:See also:
252:Background
234:free state
222:California
189:California
134:Introduced
87:Public law
55:Long title
4356:San Diego
4246:San Mateo
4226:San Diego
4206:Riverside
4156:Mendocino
4086:El Dorado
4081:Del Norte
4066:Calaveras
3613:elections
3539:districts
3502:Geography
3492:Education
3443:languages
3413:(capital)
3239:Wisconsin
3204:Tennessee
3109:Minnesota
3084:Louisiana
2986:by polity
2877:Red Bluff
2852:Hollister
2837:El Centro
2802:Yuba City
2757:Fairfield
2747:Inglewood
2707:Roseville
2677:Fullerton
2667:Sunnyvale
2662:Escondido
2627:Elk Grove
2622:Lancaster
2607:Oceanside
2532:Riverside
2527:Santa Ana
2482:San Diego
2374:San Mateo
2354:San Diego
2334:Riverside
2284:Mendocino
2214:El Dorado
2209:Del Norte
2194:Calaveras
2166:By county
2113:By region
2088:Railroads
2068:Etymology
2045:Tech boom
1990:Civil War
1985:Gold Rush
1613:April 20,
1046:164458903
540:Admission
529:Section 3
522:Section 2
515:Section 1
82:Citations
74:Effective
4748:Category
4702:(father)
4361:San Jose
4316:Tuolumne
4276:Siskiyou
4176:Monterey
4151:Mariposa
4106:Imperial
4101:Humboldt
4038:Counties
3603:Politics
3566:Abortion
3544:governor
3224:Virginia
3174:Oklahoma
3154:New York
3129:Nebraska
3119:Missouri
3104:Michigan
3094:Maryland
3079:Kentucky
3059:Illinois
3034:Delaware
3024:Colorado
3014:Arkansas
2927:Lakeport
2892:Piedmont
2872:Oroville
2847:Martinez
2822:Woodland
2732:Berkeley
2727:El Monte
2672:Pasadena
2652:Torrance
2632:Palmdale
2582:Glendale
2537:Stockton
2487:San Jose
2444:Tuolumne
2404:Siskiyou
2304:Monterey
2279:Mariposa
2234:Imperial
2229:Humboldt
2136:Yosemite
2121:Bay Area
2083:Missions
2078:Maritime
2073:Highways
2060:By topic
1726:25160469
1104:See also
1096:44212392
1075:41171032
1038:43025141
989:23371517
968:25161702
924:25161698
863:Journals
655:Monterey
508:Preamble
456:Resolved
4396:Anaheim
4386:Oakland
4321:Ventura
4306:Trinity
4046:Alameda
3680:Big Sur
3667:Regions
3642:Symbols
3573:History
3534:Capitol
3512:ecology
3507:climate
3480:Economy
3428:Culture
3244:Wyoming
3219:Vermont
3124:Montana
3064:Indiana
3044:Georgia
3039:Florida
3009:Arizona
2999:Alabama
2942:Alturas
2932:Jackson
2912:Willows
2827:Hanford
2767:Redding
2752:Ventura
2717:Vallejo
2702:Concord
2692:Visalia
2657:Hayward
2642:Salinas
2617:Ontario
2572:Fontana
2562:Modesto
2547:Fremont
2522:Anaheim
2512:Oakland
2469:By city
2449:Ventura
2434:Trinity
2174:Alameda
2149:Regions
2098:Slavery
2093:Ranchos
1227:museum.
895:3692440
661:Sources
242:or the
113:9
92:Pub. L.
4669:Family
4371:Fresno
4343:cities
4311:Tulare
4301:Tehama
4296:Sutter
4286:Sonoma
4281:Solano
4271:Sierra
4266:Shasta
4201:Plumas
4196:Placer
4191:Orange
4186:Nevada
4161:Merced
4141:Madera
4131:Lassen
4091:Fresno
4071:Colusa
4056:Amador
4051:Alpine
3620:People
3453:sports
3420:Topics
3179:Oregon
3134:Nevada
3074:Kansas
3049:Hawaii
3004:Alaska
2992:States
2922:Sonora
2917:Colusa
2882:Auburn
2857:Eureka
2842:Lompoc
2807:Madera
2787:Merced
2737:Downey
2682:Orange
2647:Pomona
2637:Corona
2567:Oxnard
2552:Irvine
2497:Fresno
2439:Tulare
2429:Tehama
2424:Sutter
2414:Sonoma
2409:Solano
2399:Sierra
2394:Shasta
2329:Plumas
2324:Placer
2319:Orange
2314:Nevada
2289:Merced
2269:Madera
2259:Lassen
2219:Fresno
2199:Colusa
2184:Amador
2179:Alpine
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4494:NY–32
4166:Modoc
4146:Marin
4121:Kings
4096:Glenn
4061:Butte
3652:Water
3522:fauna
3517:flora
3465:Crime
3438:music
3396:State
3209:Texas
3089:Maine
3054:Idaho
2902:Yreka
2867:Ukiah
2782:Chico
2294:Modoc
2274:Marin
2249:Kings
2224:Glenn
2189:Butte
2010:Labor
1837:(PDF)
1815:Other
1722:JSTOR
1270:(PDF)
1199:Notes
1092:JSTOR
1071:JSTOR
1042:S2CID
1034:JSTOR
1001:(PDF)
985:JSTOR
964:JSTOR
920:JSTOR
891:JSTOR
666:Books
651:Union
429:Texts
316:ceded
226:Union
144:34–18
115:Stat.
100:31–49
4505:Life
4492:for
4479:12th
4468:13th
4331:Yuba
4326:Yolo
4181:Napa
4171:Mono
4126:Lake
4116:Kern
4111:Inyo
3433:food
3281:Guam
3214:Utah
3169:Ohio
3069:Iowa
2792:Napa
2459:Yuba
2454:Yolo
2309:Napa
2299:Mono
2254:Lake
2244:Kern
2239:Inyo
1774:2020
1749:2020
1691:2020
1615:2023
1589:2023
1540:2020
1515:2020
1489:2020
1379:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1327:ISBN
1308:2019
1282:2020
1011:(3).
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