605:
569:
593:
581:
617:
204:
44:
545:
57:
533:
431:
557:
480:, so the trees should not be planted near apiaries. When the shoots are small and leaves are new, they are lower in toxins and are grazed by livestock and wildlife. The flowers are a rich nectar source for many species of butterflies, and squirrels and chipmunks consume the seeds. Hydroquinone and epicatechin have been isolated from the seeds and have been shown to have
475:
Native groups occasionally used the plant as a food supply; after boiling and leaching the toxin out of the seeds or nut meats for several days, they could be ground into a flour or meal similar to that made from acorns. The nectar and pollen of the flowers is toxic to
280:
with five (rarely seven) leaflets. Each leaflet is 6–17 cm (2.4–6.7 in) long, with a finely toothed margin and (particularly in spring) downy surfaces. The leaves are tender and prone to damage from both spring freezing or snow and summer heat and
487:
It is used as an ornamental plant for its striking leaf buds, lime green foliage, fragrant white flowers, red-brown foliage in mid to late summer, and architectural silver branches through fall. The tree also acts as a soil binder, which prevents
365:
It is found growing in a wide range of conditions from crowded, moist, semi-shaded canyon bottoms to dry south-facing slopes and hilltops. In the coastal ranges north of Big Sur it is found growing alone on slopes, or intermingled with valley oak
852:
Kubo, Isao; Matsumoto, Akiko; Kozuka, Mutsuo.; Wood, William F. (1985). "Combined Effect on Plant Growth of (-)-Epicatechin and
Hydroquinone, Compounds from Aesculus californica NUTT. (Hippocastanaceae)".
322:
by growing during the wet late winter and spring months and entering dormancy in the dry summer months, though those growing in coastal regions tend to hold on to their leaves until mid-autumn.
984:
1534:
1439:
1177:
1242:
272:. It typically is multi-trunked, with a crown as broad as it is high. Trees are long lived, with an estimated lifespan between 250–280 (300 maximum) years. The
912:
Callahan F. 2005 Kalmiopsis
Journal, Vol. 12, 2005 Plant of the Year, California Buckeye (Aesculus californica (Spach.) Nutt.) Native Plant Society of Oregon
450:, used the poisonous nuts and seeds to stupefy schools of fish in small streams to make them easier to catch. The bark, leaves, and fruits contain the
1539:
1400:
1125:
604:
1452:
1413:
1190:
1138:
592:
580:
1294:
754:
683:
312:, measuring 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in). The seeds are poisonous and are the largest known of any temperate (non-tropical) plant species.
568:
954:
935:
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887:
656:
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56:
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319:
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43:
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81:
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780:
739:
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347:
277:
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394:
can be found standing alone in grassland at the lowest elevations, intermingled in
355:
1392:
675:
An island called
California: an ecological introduction to its natural communities
17:
1378:
1229:
1151:
1038:
806:
Aesculus californica, in the USDA Forest
Service Fire Effects Information System
439:
282:
140:
1325:
831:
518:
451:
301:
238:
130:
1029:
1102:
469:
461:
454:
254:
1483:
1338:
882:
Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge
University Press.
264:, up to 4–12 m (13–39 ft) tall, with gray bark often coated with
296:
15–20 cm (6–8 in) long and 5–8 cm (2–3 in) broad. The
1478:
1372:
1333:
1023:
477:
457:
398:
at intermediate elevations, and in mixed evergreen forests of black oak (
358:
in Oregon. A small disjunct population is found in the Chino Hills near
231:
150:
107:
866:
808:(Report). USDA Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
308:
5–8 cm (2–3 in) long, containing a large, round, orange-brown
1405:
1130:
714:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
489:
293:
1156:
443:
289:
265:
242:
120:
1000:
1431:
1169:
1107:
505:
429:
297:
257:
68:
972:
USDA Plants
Profile for Aesculus californica (California buckeye)
309:
273:
269:
261:
1094:
1004:
504:' name for horse chestnuts. It is derived from the old
338:
is widely distributed in
California, growing along the
292:
are sweet-scented, white to pale pink, borne on erect
1362:
1013:
644:
Western
Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides)
738:
716:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 540.
949:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
781:California Buckeye, in the USDA NRCS Plant Guide
586:Buckeyes grow and foliage dies back (September)
678:. University of California Press. p. 74.
737:Philip Alexander Munz; David D. Keck (1973).
8:
468:. Buckeye also makes a good fireboard for a
350:. Its range extends to the foothills of the
1001:
878:
876:
745:. University of California Press. p.
434:Seed of the California Buckeye in its husk
390:). In the foothills of the Sierra Nevada,
202:
42:
31:
707:
705:
703:
701:
633:
528:
484:properties by inhibiting plant growth.
1535:Plants used in Native American cuisine
438:Native American tribes, including the
422:) as it nears the limit of its range.
7:
828:Watching Butterflies on Mount Diablo
598:Buckeye husks split open (November)
342:and in the lower elevations of the
25:
1540:Pre-Columbian California cuisine
1471:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:782168-1
1313:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781583-1
985:Interactive Distribution Map of
615:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
531:
253:Aesculus californica is a large
55:
517:'Californica' means 'native to
779:Kat Anderson; Wayne Roderick.
508:name for a different species,
1:
384:) and California bay laurel (
930:. Sonora, CA: Hooker Press.
334:variety native to the West,
947:An Island Called California
712:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
647:. New York: Knopf. p.
622:Buckeye sprouting (January)
1566:
928:Discover California Shrubs
318:has adapted to its native
228:California horse-chestnut,
641:Whitney, Stephen (1985).
416:) and interior live oak (
210:
201:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
830:(Report). Archived from
574:Buckeyes forming in July
538:Buds opening in February
387:Umbellularia californica
326:Distribution and habitat
222:, commonly known as the
1364:Calothyrsus californica
898:(paperback). pp 38, 84
672:Elna S. Bakker (1984).
1545:Drought-tolerant trees
964:Jepson Flora Project:
435:
926:Casebeer, M. (2004).
433:
320:Mediterranean climate
1274:Aesculus californica
1045:Aesculus californica
1015:Aesculus californica
996:– U.C. Photo gallery
994:Aesculus californica
987:Aesculus californica
979:Aesculus californica
977:Calflora database –
966:Aesculus californica
550:Foliage around March
219:Aesculus californica
183:Aesculus californica
36:Aesculus californica
1525:Flora of California
945:Bakker, E. (1971).
867:10.1248/cpb.33.3826
562:Flower spike in May
410:), ponderosa pine (
378:), coast live oak (
165:A. californica
741:A California Flora
610:Harvested buckeyes
492:in hilly regions.
436:
396:blue oak woodlands
352:Siskiyou Mountains
278:palmately compound
224:California buckeye
18:California Buckeye
1507:
1506:
1256:Open Tree of Life
1007:Taxon identifiers
855:Chem. Pharm. Bull
804:Howard, Janet L.
756:978-0-520-02405-2
685:978-0-520-04948-2
426:Toxicity and uses
360:Chino, California
241:and southwestern
215:
214:
16:(Redirected from
1557:
1550:Ornamental trees
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638:
619:
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583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
276:are dark green,
230:is a species of
206:
185:
60:
59:
46:
32:
27:Species of plant
21:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1530:Flora of Oregon
1510:
1509:
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1037:
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1022:
1009:
957:
944:
938:
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908:
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902:
881:
874:
851:
850:
846:
837:
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824:
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798:
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761:
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736:
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731:
724:
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671:
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659:
640:
639:
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623:
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608:
599:
596:
587:
584:
575:
572:
563:
560:
551:
548:
539:
536:
527:
511:Quercus petraea
498:
472:or hand drill.
466:red blood cells
460:, which causes
428:
407:Pinus sabiniana
372:), Oregon oak (
328:
251:
197:
187:
181:
168:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:wfo-0000581489
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:wfo-0000522247
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1200:
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1112:
1099:
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1073:
1063:
1050:
1035:
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1005:
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998:
990:
982:
974:
969:
961:
955:
942:
936:
923:
907:
904:
901:
900:
872:
844:
826:Kevin Hintsa.
818:
796:
786:(Report). USDA
771:
755:
729:
722:
697:
684:
664:
657:
632:
631:
629:
626:
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621:
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576:
573:
566:
564:
561:
554:
552:
549:
542:
540:
537:
530:
526:
523:
500:'Aesculus' is
497:
494:
427:
424:
404:), gray pine (
392:A. californica
369:Quercus lobata
336:A. californica
327:
324:
316:A. californica
250:
247:
213:
212:
211:Natural range
208:
207:
199:
198:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
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138:
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84:
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72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1562:
1551:
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1541:
1538:
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1528:
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1523:
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1515:
1498:
1493:
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1480:
1476:
1472:
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1407:
1402:
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1374:
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1369:
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1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
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1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
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1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
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1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1051:
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1040:
1036:
1031:
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1021:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
989:
988:
983:
981:
980:
975:
973:
970:
968:
967:
962:
958:
956:0-520-04948-9
952:
948:
943:
939:
937:0-9665463-1-8
933:
929:
924:
921:
917:
913:
910:
909:
905:
897:
896:9780521685535
893:
889:
888:9780521866453
885:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
861:: 3826–3828.
860:
856:
848:
845:
834:on 2011-11-10
833:
829:
822:
819:
807:
800:
797:
782:
775:
772:
768:
758:
752:
748:
743:
742:
733:
730:
725:
719:
715:
708:
706:
704:
702:
698:
687:
681:
677:
676:
668:
665:
660:
658:0-394-73127-1
654:
650:
646:
645:
637:
634:
627:
618:
613:
606:
601:
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
558:
553:
546:
541:
534:
529:
524:
522:
520:
515:
513:
512:
507:
503:
495:
493:
491:
485:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
432:
425:
423:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
393:
389:
388:
383:
382:
377:
376:
371:
370:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Cascade Range
345:
344:Sierra Nevada
341:
340:central coast
337:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
248:
246:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
186:
184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
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119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1363:
1014:
993:
986:
978:
965:
946:
927:
890:(hardback),
858:
854:
847:
836:. Retrieved
832:the original
821:
810:. Retrieved
799:
788:. Retrieved
774:
766:
760:. Retrieved
740:
732:
713:
689:. Retrieved
674:
667:
643:
636:
516:
509:
499:
486:
482:allelopathic
474:
437:
419:Q. wislizeni
417:
413:P. ponderosa
411:
405:
401:Q. kelloggii
399:
391:
385:
381:Q. agrifolia
379:
373:
367:
364:
356:Rogue Valley
335:
331:
329:
315:
314:
287:
252:
227:
223:
218:
217:
216:
182:
180:
164:
163:
151:
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
1287:kew-2624481
1230:NatureServe
1152:iNaturalist
1039:Wikispecies
375:Q. garryana
283:desiccation
249:Description
141:Sapindaceae
95:Angiosperms
1514:Categories
1282:Plant List
1066:Calflora:
838:2011-11-07
812:2011-11-07
790:2011-06-20
762:2011-06-20
723:0394507614
691:2011-06-11
628:References
519:California
452:neurotoxic
239:California
131:Sapindales
1379:Q39911470
1209:156820810
922:. (.pdf)]
920:1055-419X
906:Resources
496:Etymology
478:honeybees
470:bow drill
462:hemolysis
455:glycoside
330:The only
260:or small
255:deciduous
159:Species:
65:Kingdom:
1520:Aesculus
1484:50102797
1479:Tropicos
1445:11333442
1432:782168-1
1373:Wikidata
1339:15500017
1334:Tropicos
1235:2.153114
1183:10203959
1170:781583-1
1024:Wikidata
767:buckeye.
502:Linnaeus
458:aesculin
332:Aesculus
304:-shaped
294:panicles
152:Aesculus
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
1406:3189814
1217:MoBotPF
1131:3189813
1030:Q540646
525:Gallery
490:erosion
448:Luiseño
354:in the
306:capsule
290:flowers
266:lichens
232:buckeye
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
1458:183654
1419:404140
1295:PLANTS
1261:788245
1248:307252
1222:281051
1118:aescal
1115:FEIS:
1095:581628
1059:438086
953:
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682:
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446:, and
444:Yokuts
274:leaves
270:mosses
243:Oregon
235:native
121:Rosids
1440:IRMNG
1196:28716
1178:IRMNG
1157:53348
1108:AECCA
1082:65BYX
784:(PDF)
506:Roman
300:is a
298:fruit
258:shrub
195:Nutt.
191:Spach
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
1466:POWO
1453:ITIS
1427:IPNI
1414:GRIN
1401:GBIF
1393:Q4BL
1308:POWO
1300:AECA
1269:PfaF
1243:NCBI
1204:IUCN
1191:ITIS
1165:IPNI
1144:1622
1139:GRIN
1126:GBIF
1103:EPPO
1054:BOLD
951:ISBN
932:ISBN
916:ISSN
892:ISBN
884:ISBN
751:ISBN
718:ISBN
680:ISBN
653:ISBN
440:Pomo
346:and
310:seed
288:The
268:and
262:tree
1492:WFO
1388:CoL
1347:WFO
1326:574
1321:RHS
1090:EoL
1077:CoL
1069:111
863:doi
747:994
649:397
521:'.
464:of
302:fig
237:to
226:or
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