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for 10 days and nurse them. After this, females will go on foraging trips lasting as long as three days, returning to nurse their pups for up to a day. Pups left onshore tend to gather in nurseries to socialize and play. When returning from a trip, females call their pups with distinctive calls to which the pups will reply in kind. A mother and pup can distinguish each other's calls from those of other mothers and pups. At first, reunions largely depend on the efforts of the mothers. However, as pups get older, they get more involved in reunions. Older pups may sometimes join their mothers during their foraging trips. Adult male
California sea lions play no role in raising pups, but they do take more interest in them than adult males of other otariid species; they have even been observed to help shield swimming pups from predators. Pups are weaned by a year but can continue to suckle for another year.
1105:(MMPA), passed in 1972, which outlaws hunting, killing, capture, and harassment of the animal. In 1994 an amendment to the Act allowed for the possibility of limited lethal removal of pinnipeds preying on endangered salmonids should the level of predation be documented to have a significant adverse impact on the decline or recovery of ESA-listed salmonids. Applications have been granted for removal of several individual California sea lions at Ballard Locks and at the Bonneville Dam, where up to 92 California sea lions can be killed each year for a 5-year period. Wildlife officials have unsuccessfully attempted to ward off the sea lions using
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920:. Territorial males are the loudest and most continuous callers, and barks are produced constantly during the peak of the breeding season. California sea lions bark especially rapidly when excited. The barks of territorial and non-territorial males sound similar, although those of the former are deeper. Males may bark when threatening other males or during courtship. The only other vocalization made by territorial males is a "prolonged hoarse grunt sound" made when an individual is startled by a human. This vocalization is also made by groups of non-reproductive males.
64:
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529:. The pelage of adult males can be anywhere from light brown to black, but is typically dark brown. The face of adult males may also be light tan in some areas. Pups have a black or dark brown pelage at birth. Although the species has a slender build, adult males have robust necks, chests, and shoulders. Adult males also have a protruding crest which gives them a "high, domed forehead"; it is tufted with white hairs. They also have manes, which are less developed than those of adult male
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1145:, as the likely cause. Elevated water temperatures reduced the abundance of anchovies, sardines and mackerel, principal components of the California sea lion pup diet during nursery season. This caused many California sea lion pups to starve, while others died when they took to open waters in search of food at too early an age. Several months earlier, in the summer of 2014,
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553:, fashion. In addition, it relies on movements of its head and neck more than its hindflippers for terrestrial locomotion. California sea lions may travel at speeds of around 10.8 km/h (6.7 mph), and can dive at depths of 274 m (899 ft) and for up to 9.9 minutes, though most dives are typically 80 m (260 ft) and last less than 3 minutes.
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her pups is called a "pup-attraction call", described as "loud" and "brawling". Pups respond with a "mother-response call", which is similar in structure. Pups will also bleat or bark when playing or in distress. California sea lions can produce vocalizations underwater. These include "whinny" sounds, barks, buzzings, and clicks.
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balance it or hold the ball on its nose, thereby gaining an understanding of what to do. A California sea lion may go through a year of training before performing a behavior for the public. However, its memory allows it to perform a behavior even after three months of resting. Some organizations, such as the
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These animals exploit more human-made environments like docks for haul-out sites. Many docks are not designed to withstand the weight of several resting
California sea lions which cause major tilting and other problems. Wildlife managers have used various methods to control the animals and some city
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lists the
California sea lion as Least Concern due to "its large and increasing population size." The estimated population is 238,000–241,000 for the U.S. or Pacific Temperate stock, 75,000–85,000 for the Western Baja California or Pacific Tropical stock, and 31,393 for the population in the Gulf of
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Female
California sea lions are less vocal. Their barks, high-pitched and shorter than those made by males, are used in aggressive situations. Other aggressive vocalizations given by females include the "squeal", the "belch", and the "growl". The sound a female California sea lion gives when calling
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In
November 2018, the State of Oregon obtained a permit to kill 93 California sea lions per year below Willamette Falls. Under a similar program, Oregon and Washington had killed over 150 California sea lions on the Columbia River by January 2019. In both cases, the purpose was to protect the local
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to perform various tricks such as throwing and catching balls on their noses, running up ladders, or honking horns in a musical fashion. Trainers reward their animals with fish, which motivates them to perform. For ball balancing, trainers toss a ball at a
California sea lion so it may accidentally
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Outside the breeding season, males migrate to the northern ends of the species range to feed, while females forage near the breeding rookeries. California sea lions can stay at sea for as long as two weeks at a time. They make continuous dives, returning to the surface to rest. California sea lions
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and a 3-month delayed implantation of the fertilized egg before giving birth in June or July. Interbirth intervals are particularly long for this species, being 21 days for sea lions off
California and more than 30 days for sea lions in the Gulf of California. Females remain with their pups onshore
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Before mating begins, females gather into "milling" groups of 2–20 individuals. The females in these groups will mount each other as well as the males. These groups begin to disintegrate as the females begin to mate. The territorial and mating system of the
California sea lion has been described as
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temperatures can reach over 30 °C (86 °F) during this time, males must include water within their territories. Some territories are underwater, particularly those near steep cliffs. California sea lions that fail to establish a territory are driven out to sea or gather at a nearby beach.
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intervals, and thus the males do not establish their territories until after the females give birth. Most fights occur during this time. After this, the males rely on ritualized displays (vocalizations, head-shaking, stares, bluff lunges, and so on) to maintain their territorial boundaries. Since
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Long, Douglas J.; Hanni, Krista D.; Pyle, Peter; Roletto, Jan; Jones, Robert E.; Bandar, Raymond (1995). "White Shark
Predation on Four Pinniped Species in Central California Waters: Geographic and Temporal Patterns Inferred from Wounded Carcasses". In Klimley, A. Peter; Ainley, David G. (eds.).
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Being sexually dimorphic, California sea lions differ in size, shape, and coloration between the sexes. Males can grow up to 2.5–2.7 m (8.2–8.9 ft) long and weigh around 350 kg (770 lb), while females are typically around 2.1 m (6.9 ft) and weigh around 100 kg
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system, as females appear to choose their mates while moving through different territories. They avoid males that are too aggressive or energetic. Males are usually unable to prevent females from leaving their territories, particularly in water. Mating may occur outside the rookeries, between
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underwater. Its foreflipper movement is not continuous; the animal glides in between each stroke. The flexibility of its spine allows the
California sea lion to bend its neck backwards far enough to reach its hindflippers. This allows the animal to make dorsal turns and maintain a streamlined
1117:. Efforts to chase sea lions away from the area have also proven ineffective. Critics have objected to the killing of the California sea lions, pointing out that the level of mortality permitted as a result of recreational and commercial fisheries in the river and as part of the operation of
815:, California sea lions appear to be the more common food items for transient mammal-eating orcas pods. The California sea lions may respond to the dorsal fin of a killer whale and remain vigilant, even when encountering resident fish-eating pods. California sea lions are also common prey for
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for energy. Size and patience allow a male to defend his territory more effectively; the bigger the male, the more blubber he can store and the longer he can wait. A male California sea lion usually keeps his territory for around 27 days. Females have long
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and try to attract females with which to mate. Females are free to move in between territories, and are not coerced by males. Mothers nurse their pups in between foraging trips. California sea lions communicate with numerous vocalizations, notably with
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During the breeding season, California sea lions gather on both sandy and rocky shores. On warm days, they lie closer to the water. At night or in cool weather, they travel farther inland or to higher elevations. Non-breeding individuals may gather at
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based on similar functions or connections made with their peers, rather than only the stimuli's common features. California sea lions have demonstrated the ability to understand simple syntax and commands when taught an artificial
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between each sea trip. Adult females and juveniles molt in autumn and winter; adult males molt in January and February. California sea lions in the Gulf of California do not migrate; they stay in the Gulf of California year-round.
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1014:, object to using California sea lions and other marine mammals for entertainment, claiming the tricks are "exaggerated variations of their natural behaviors" and distract the audience from the animal's unnatural environment.
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Marine biologist Ronald J. Schusterman and his research associates have studied the California sea lions' cognitive ability. They have discovered that California sea lions are able to recognize relationships between
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non-territorial males and females, as the latter move to and from the mating site. In some rookeries, copulation may be monopolized by a few males, while at others, a single male may sire no more than four pups.
792:. Adult females feed between 10–100 km (6.2–62.1 mi) from shore. Adult males may forage as far as 450 km (280 mi) from shore when water temperatures rise. They also have learned to feed on
776:. They may also search along the ocean bottom. California sea lions may eat alone or in small to large groups, depending on the amount of food available. They sometimes cooperate with other predators, such as
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823:. Sharks attack California sea lions by ambushing them while they are resting at the surface. California sea lions that are attacked in the hindquarters are more likely to survive and make it to the shore.
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basin, allowing for the killing of up to 540 California sea lions and 176 Steller sea lions over the following five years. Between 2020 and April 2023, Oregon killed 99 sea lions as part of this program.
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964:. However, California sea lions rarely used the signs semantically or logically. In 2011, a California sea lion named Ronan was recorded bobbing her head in synchronization to musical rhythms. This "
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populations of fish (such as trout or salmon) from predation by the sea lions. In August 2020, the federal government authorized the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho as well as six
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In January and February 2015, 1450 malnourished or sick California sea lion pups were found along stretches of the California coast, and estimations give a higher number of dead pups. The
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near the center (Central stock), and the mouth of the bay (Southern stock). The stock status of the California sea lions at the deep waters of the central bay has not been analyzed.
371:, can be trained to perform various tasks and display limited fear of humans if accustomed to them. Because of this, California sea lions are a popular choice for public display in
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In a similar program, Oregon and Washington have already killed more than 150 sea lions below the Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River to protect threatened and endangered salmon.
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645:. The above-mentioned stocks are separated by the Ensenada Front. The stocks of the Gulf of California live in the shallow waters of the north (Northern stock), the
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584:, the California sea lion's vibrissae are smoother and less specialized and thus perform less when following hydrodynamic trails, although they still perform well.
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with a rope to the diver's leg. Navy officials say California sea lions can do this in seconds, before the enemy realizes what happened. Organizations like
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believe that such operations put the animals in danger. However, the Navy insists that California sea lions are removed once their mission is complete.
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572:. This is likely an adaptation for living in marine coastal habitats. Sea lions have fairly acute underwater hearing, with a hearing range of 0.4–32
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posture. When moving on land, the California sea lion is able to turn its hindflippers forward and walk on all fours. It moves the foreflippers in a
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Schramm, Yolanda; Mesnick, S. L.; de la Rosa, J.; Palacios, D. M.; Lowry, M. S.; Aurioles-Gamboa, D.; Snell, H. M.; Escorza-Treviño, S. (2009).
973:
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852:, the males will try to increase their chances of reproducing by staying on the rookery for as long as possible. During this time, they will
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656:. Although several otariinae have been recorded around the Japanese archipelago in recent years, their exact origins are unclear.
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sequences in 2009 have identified five distinct California sea lion populations: the U.S. or Pacific Temperate stock, the Western
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3019:
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Schusterman, Ronald J.; Gentry, Roger; Schmook, James (1966). "Underwater Vocalization by Sea Lions: Social and Mirror Stimuli".
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Zak, a 375 lb (170 kg) California sea lion of the Navy leaps back into the boat after a harbor-patrol training mission.
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at Bonneville Dam and at other locations where fish must queue in order to pass through dams and locks that block their passage.
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Gisiner, Robert; Schusterman, Ronald J. (1991). "California sea lion pups play an active role in reunions with their mothers".
1022:
9355:
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1074:, while the Gulf of California population declined by 20% by 2008. California sea lions may be killed when in conflict with
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521:(220 lb). The heaviest recorded male weighed 660 kg (1,460 lb). Females and juveniles have a tawny brown
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1905:"Underwater hearing in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): Expansion and interpretation of existing data"
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of the California sea lion. However, a genetic study in 2007 found that all three are in fact separate species. The
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California sea lions communicate with a range of vocalizations. The most commonly used one is their characteristic
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360:. Outside their breeding season, California sea lions spend much of their time at sea, but they come to shore to
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Peterson, Richard S.; Bartholomew, George A. (1969). "Airborne vocal communication in the California sea lion,
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Odell, D.K. (2001). "The Fight to Mate: Breeding strategy of California sea lions". In MacDonald, David (ed.).
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As an otariid, the California sea lion relies on its foreflippers to propel itself when swimming. This form of
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1473:"Phylogeography of California and Galápagos sea lions and population structure within the California sea lion"
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in having external ear flaps, and proportionately larger foreflippers and pectoral muscles. Along with the
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Flatz, Ramona; González-Suárez, Manuela; Young, Julie K.; Hernández-Camacho, Claudia J.; Immel, Aaron J.;
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Field Guide to Marine Mammals of the Pacific Coast: Baja, California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia
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993:. It has climbed to the edge of its tank awaiting feeding, showing awareness of its regular feeding time.
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during the fledging period due to similar circumstances brought about by elevated water temperatures.
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California sea lions breed gregariously between May and August, when they arrive at their breeding
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1988:
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637:, and females are now commonly found there. The Western Baja California stock mainly breeds near
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Hundreds of California sea lions bask on Pier 39 in San Francisco, where they are welcomed as a
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García-Aguilar, M.C.; Aurioles-Gamboa, D. (2003). "Breeding season of the California sea lion (
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English, Arthur Wm. (1976). "Limb movements and locomotor function in the California sea lion (
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Female California sea lions have a 12-month reproductive cycle, consisting of a 9-month actual
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2066:"When good fishing trips go bad: Sea lion swims the Delta – lands on Merced County farm road"
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1972:
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Heath, Carolyn B.; Perrin, William F. (2008). "California, Galapagos and Japanese Sea Lions
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2785:) can keep the beat: motor entrainment to rhythmic auditory stimuli in a non vocal mimic".
2006:
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332:. California sea lions feed on a number of species of fish and squid, and are preyed on by
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Lavigne, David M.; Harwood, John (2001). "Eared seal species". In David, MacDonald (ed.).
1082:, and by entanglements in human-made garbage. They are also threatened by pollutants like
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741:
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2222:
1360:"Galápagos and Californian sea lions are separate species: Genetic analysis of the genus
788:, when hunting large schools of fish. California sea lions sometimes follow dolphins and
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2433:
2416:"Weak Polygyny in California Sea Lions and the Potential for Alternative Mating Tactics"
2174:
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Gläser, N.; et al. (2011). "Hydrodynamic trail following in a California sea lion (
1923:
1491:
968:" was previously seen only in humans, parrots and other birds possessing vocal mimicry.
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Because of their intelligence and trainability, California sea lions have been used by
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317:
3233:
3027:
2983:"NOAA authorizes states to remove California sea lions that threaten protected salmon"
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8027:
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2287:. National Marine Mammal Laboratory – Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Archived from
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Reeves, Randall R.; Stewart, Brent S.; Clapham, Phillip J.; Powell, James A. (2002).
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3050:"Columbia River Sea Lion Management: Restoring balance between predators and salmon"
2814:
2619:
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2039:"Columbia River Sea Lion Management: Restoring balance between predators and salmon"
1992:
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819:. They have been found with scars made by attacks from both great white sharks and
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357:
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17:
2754:
1419:
Peters, 1866): preliminary results using mitochondrial control-region sequences".
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3262:"California Sea Lion Management: Restoring balance between predators and salmon"
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Sakahira, F.; Niimi, M. (2007). "Ancient DNA analysis of the Japanese sea lion (
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Cook, F.; Rouse, A.; Wilson, M.; Reichmuth, M. (2013). "A California sea lion (
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or vibrissae for touch and detection of vibrations underwater. Compared to the
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Traditionally, the Galapagos sea lion and Japanese sea lion were classified as
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on sandy or rocky beaches, but they also frequent manmade environments such as
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5761:
5160:
5133:
5061:
5044:
4807:
4780:
4626:
4530:
4514:
4350:
4230:
4070:
3906:
3773:
3565:
3533:
3517:
3341:
2157:) during anomalous oceanographic conditions of 2005 compared to those of 2004"
1976:
1499:
1142:
1033:, the animals can swim behind divers approaching a US naval ship and attach a
1026:
473:
440:
380:
289:
192:
8966:
3427:
2665:
1507:
488:. The California sea lion differs from the Galapagos sea lion in its greater
9052:
8615:
8550:
8163:
8103:
7889:
7710:
7325:
7317:
7266:
7116:
7002:
6984:
6698:
6532:
6365:
6207:
6173:
5985:
5677:
4951:
4421:
3897:
3465:
3157:"Sick, starving sea lion pups wash up in record numbers on California coast"
3053:
2874:
2703:"Sequence, syntax, and semantics: Responses of a language-trained sea lion (
2042:
2018:
1075:
887:
836:
436:
169:
129:
3433:
3269:
2806:
2461:
2200:"Predation Behavior of Transient Killer Whales in Monterey Bay, California"
1984:
1718:
1442:
1401:
1382:
316:; males are larger than females, and have a thicker neck, and a protruding
3388:
2611:
1881:
1854:
Griebel, U.; Schmid, A. (1992). "Color vision in the California sea lion (
1668:
1659:
1101:
In the United States, the California sea lion is protected on the federal
9309:
9210:
8960:
8312:
7775:
7592:
7568:
6929:
6779:
6725:
6661:
6656:
6609:
6541:
6459:
6329:
6078:
6069:
5967:
5922:
5802:
5635:
5459:
5372:
5281:
5271:
5250:
5210:
5097:
5029:
4937:
4928:
4248:
4044:
3797:
3680:
3647:
3496:
3484:
2420:
2183:
2152:
1638:"Swimming in the California sea lion: morphometrics, drag and energetics"
1079:
781:
773:
577:
526:
485:
453:
432:
361:
297:
202:
182:
149:
9018:
3410:
Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: Zalophus californianus
696:. In 2004, a healthy California sea lion was found sitting on a road in
9342:
9070:
8694:
8541:
8415:
8130:
7642:
6972:
6438:
5994:
5958:
5825:
5793:
5777:
5290:
4993:
4572:
4053:
3960:
3878:
3806:
3748:
3725:
3618:
2657:
1137:
has pointed to unprecedentedly warm Pacific coastal waters, related to
857:
853:
845:
785:
777:
757:
749:
745:
431:, a French naturalist, in 1828. It is grouped with other sea lions and
1709:
1434:
605:
The California sea lion ranges along the western coast and islands of
9083:
9003:
8798:
8745:
8490:
8178:
7912:
6632:
6293:
6128:
5885:
5322:
4094:
4020:
3969:
3951:
3924:
3845:
3707:
3490:
3478:
2798:
2255:
1817:
Feldkamp, Steven D.; DeLong, Robert L.; Antonelis, George A. (1989).
1162:
to cull sea lions that preyed upon endangered species of fish in the
998:
733:
673:
614:
396:
376:
325:
305:
159:
139:
8937:
3052:. Washington State Department of Fish & Wildlife. Archived from
1840:
1818:
9057:
1325:". In Perrin, William F.; Würsig, Bernd; Thewissen, J.G.M. (eds.).
1125:
officials have redesigned docks so they can better withstand them.
625:
or Pacific Tropical stock, and the Southern, Central, and Northern
8780:
8639:
8582:
8455:
8258:
8115:
7742:
7724:
7347:
7017:
6266:
6251:
4912:
4203:
3698:
3359:
1793:
Reports of California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations
1092:
1048:
984:
970:
945:
898:
868:
835:
808:
721:
677:
658:
596:
573:
555:
511:
410:
329:
385:
trained by the United States Navy for certain military operations
9223:
8154:
7050:
6375:
6311:
3984:
3716:
3023:
2151:
Weise, Michael J.; Costa, Daniel P.; Kudela, Raphael M. (2006).
1106:
1038:
804:
737:
729:
725:
681:
333:
8941:
7846:
7303:
6607:
5759:
4894:
4335:
3515:
3437:
3292:"U.S. allows killing sea lions eating at-risk Northwest salmon"
6284:
5893:
4221:
3317:"Battle over endangered fish has led Oregon to cull sea lions"
2041:. Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife. Archived from
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1083:
1070:, California sea lions are so numerous that they are close to
525:, although they may be temporarily light gray or silver after
372:
3182:"More Than 100 Sick Sea Lion Flooded On California Coastline"
2898:"The Real Navy Seals – and Sea Lions and Dolphins and Whales"
1575:
National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World
1358:
Wolf, Jochen B.W.; Tautz, Diethard; Trillmich, Fritz (2007).
533:
and Steller sea lions. Both sexes have long, narrow muzzles.
652:
Vagrants can reach the north-western Pacific such as on the
3203:"Mass Death of Seabirds in Western U.S. Is 'Unprecedented'"
2235:; evidence of "prey" having a "search image" for predators"
2153:"Movement and diving behavior of male California sea lion (
1682:
Fish, Frank E.; Hurley, Jenifer; Costa, Daniel P. (2003).
2316:
Great White Sharks: The Biology of Carcharodon carcharias
395:
due to its abundance. To protect fish, the US states of
3234:"Oregon begins killing sea lions after relocation fails"
2276:
Harris, Jeffrey D.; Melin, Sharon R.; DeLong, Robert L.
469:
of the males, which distinguishes members of the genus.
2007:
California sea lion Zalophus californianus Lesson, 1828
1153:
Oregon and Washington state governments annual killings
700:, California, almost a hundred miles upstream from the
540:, along with its streamlined body, effectively reduces
480:
of the California and Japanese sea lion appear to have
1261:
Allen, Sarah G.; Mortenson, Joe; Webb, Sophie (2011).
403:
engage in annual kill quotas of California sea lions.
347:
breeding pattern. From May to August, males establish
3415:
Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the California Sea Lion
2282:) at San Miguel Island, California: a New Phenomenon"
1532:
Journal of Northwest Anthropology: Volume 49 Number 2
633:, although some breeding sites may be established in
568:, though it is limited to the blue-green area of the
9299:
8950:
8743:
8692:
8683:
8637:
8613:
8580:
8539:
8488:
8454:
8413:
8372:
8355:
8310:
8284:
8275:
8176:
8152:
8128:
8102:
8025:
7970:
7928:
7911:
7887:
7859:
7814:
7773:
7740:
7723:
7664:
7614:
7581:
7555:
7492:
7451:
7418:
7359:
7338:
7316:
7218:
7177:
7149:
7115:
7098:
7048:
7015:
6971:
6928:
6909:
6818:
6777:
6723:
6697:
6673:
6645:
6623:
6567:
6540:
6531:
6472:
6437:
6413:
6389:
6374:
6363:
6264:
6205:
6190:
6117:
6067:
6035:
6020:
5883:
5850:
5824:
5791:
5775:
5675:
5633:
5493:
5458:
5403:
5370:
5320:
5279:
5270:
5249:
5208:
5158:
5132:
5095:
5060:
5043:
5027:
4991:
4950:
4926:
4911:
4858:
4673:
4634:
4625:
4570:
4529:
4511:
4461:
4408:
4359:
4348:
4299:
4201:
4137:
4111:
4083:
4042:
4033:
3982:
3895:
3858:
3832:
3795:
3771:
3762:
3746:
3678:
3645:
3636:
3616:
3574:
3563:
3531:
1215:Aurioles-Gamboa, D.; Hernández-Camacho, J. (2015).
768:. They mostly forage near mainland coastlines, the
601:
California sea lion rookery on Santa Barbara island
439:. Otariids, also known as eared seals, differ from
2278:"Shark-inflicted Lesions on California Sea Lions (
2115:
1572:
2925:. U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program. Archived from
1903:Reichmuth, Colleen; Southall, Brandon L. (2012).
1688:: turning performance of an unstable body design"
1364:and its implications for conservation management"
2005:Commander Islands Nature and Biosphere Reserve.
732:. Commonly eaten fish and squid species include
2990:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1135:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
933:may travel alone or in groups while at sea and
716:California sea lions feed on a wide variety of
465:meaning "crest". This refers to the protruding
451:, the California sea lion belongs to the genus
2829:"The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity"
2639:) is capable of forming equivalence relations"
2633:Schusterman, Ronald J.; Kastak, David (1993).
1240:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41666A45230310.en
389:International Union for Conservation of Nature
3449:
2223:"Observations on the reactions of sea lions,
2118:The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea lions, and Walruses
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1147:a large number of Cassin's auklet chicks died
8:
1129:2015 Californian shore sea lions pups crisis
912:Barking California sea lions pursuing a boat
629:stocks. The U.S. stock breeds mainly in the
2755:"Sea lion defies theory and keeps the beat"
2542:
2540:
1333:(2nd ed.). Elsevier Science. pp.
1090:which accumulate in the marine food chain.
8938:
8689:
8468:
8369:
8290:
8281:
8108:
7925:
7867:
7856:
7843:
7737:
7561:
7356:
7313:
7300:
7232:
7129:
7112:
6977:
6942:
6925:
6703:
6670:
6620:
6604:
6537:
6443:
6386:
6371:
6202:
6047:
6032:
5830:
5788:
5772:
5756:
5464:
5276:
5267:
5138:
5066:
5057:
5040:
4962:
4923:
4908:
4904:
4891:
4855:
4631:
4541:
4526:
4508:
4414:
4356:
4345:
4332:
4117:
4039:
3838:
3768:
3759:
3642:
3633:
3629:
3613:
3571:
3560:
3539:
3528:
3512:
3456:
3442:
3434:
2870:"Sea lions called to duty in Persian Gulf"
1819:"Diving patterns of California sea lions,
251:
91:
62:
48:
31:
2510:
2508:
2451:
2441:
2182:
1708:
1658:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1391:
1381:
1308:
1306:
1238:
856:, relying on a thick layer of fat called
9444:Least concern biota of the United States
3405:USACE information on sea lion deterrents
3130:"Shocking new idea for sea lion control"
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2221:Baird, Robin W.; Stacey, Pam J. (1989).
1771:
1769:
1602:
1600:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1097:Shooting California sea lions, ca. 1870s
692:, nearly 150 miles (240 km) up the
684:. California sea lions can also live in
3080:The Humane Society of the United States
2701:Gisiner, R.; Schusterman, R.J. (1992).
1782:) in the diet of California sea lions (
1535:. Northwest Anthropology. p. 193.
1175:
560:California sea lion swimming underwater
3266:Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
3076:"Bonneville Dam Sea Lions Under Siege"
2376:) in the Gulf of California, Mexico".
981:Captive California sea lion performing
803:California sea lions are preyed on by
496:is the closest extant relative of the
367:California sea lions are particularly
3132:. The Daily World.com. Archived from
2966:"61 Fed. Reg. 13153 (March 26, 1996)"
1786:) in southern California (1981–1995)"
1184:"Fossilworks: Zalophus californianus"
1121:pose a greater threat to the salmon.
576:. California sea lions rely on their
457:, which derives from the Greek words
7:
9449:Least concern biota of North America
9394:Western North American coastal fauna
2868:Leinwand, Donna (17 February 2003).
2760:University of California, Santa Cruz
2517:Walker's Marine Mammals of the World
2095:. Southwest Fisheries Science Center
1776:Lowry, M.S.; Carretta, J.V. (1999).
1529:Stapp, Darby C. (1 September 2015).
508:Appearance, physiology, and movement
9429:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
9419:Fauna of Gulf of California islands
9379:IUCN Red List least concern species
4826:South African small-spotted genet (
3232:GILLIAN FLACCUS (10 January 2019).
3107:"Sea Lions Take Over Ventura Docks"
2836:Humane Society of the United States
1965:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
1696:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1646:The Journal of Experimental Biology
1226:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1017:The California sea lion is used in
1008:Humane Society of the United States
873:California sea lion mother with pup
832:Reproductive behavior and parenting
9414:Fauna of the Western United States
1760:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb02274.x
1068:Pacific coast of the United States
688:for periods of time, such as near
300:. Its natural habitat ranges from
25:
5170:Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (
2787:Journal of Comparative Psychology
2714:Journal of Comparative Psychology
2198:Ternullo, Richard; Black, Nancy.
1684:"Maneuverability by the sea lion
484:2.2 million years ago during the
3387:
3372:
3358:
3344:
1932:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00473.x
1417:Zalophus californianus japonicus
116:
1023:U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program
2753:Stephens, Tim (1 April 2013).
2521:Johns Hopkins University Press
2124:University of California Press
2064:Kay, Jane (10 February 2012).
2009:. Retrieved on August 24, 2017
1329:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
1267:University of California Press
296:. It is one of six species of
1:
4582:Malabar large-spotted civet (
3128:Bruscas, A. (July 27, 2012).
3105:French, C. (April 10, 2013).
2707:) to novel sign combinations"
2491:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80488-9
2414:(2012). Fenton, Brock (ed.).
942:Intelligence and trainability
790:exploit their hunting efforts
9409:Mammals of the United States
8844:Indonesian mountain weasel (
8500:North American river otter (
7388:Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (
4442:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii
3400:WDFW Fact Sheet on sea lions
3209:. 2015-01-24. Archived from
3207:news.nationalgeographic.com/
2923:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2896:Kreider, R. (May 31, 2011).
2604:10.1126/science.154.3748.540
2567:10.1016/0003-3472(69)90108-0
2443:10.1371/journal.pone.0033654
2162:Geophysical Research Letters
1874:10.1016/0042-6989(92)90239-F
1579:. Alfred A. Knopf. pp.
1103:Marine Mammal Protection Act
516:California sea lion skeleton
423:The California sea lion was
391:(IUCN) lists the species as
343:California sea lions have a
5705:Somalian slender mongoose (
3155:Hecht, Peter (2015-03-07).
3018:Haight, A. (9 March 2010).
2842:. p. 3. Archived from
2345:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1828:Canadian Journal of Zoology
1609:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1139:Pacific decadal oscillation
840:California sea lion rookery
461:, meaning "intensive", and
312:. California sea lions are
9465:
9389:Pinnipeds of North America
8658:Asian small-clawed otter (
7397:American hog-nosed skunk (
7379:Molina's hog-nosed skunk (
5687:Angolan slender mongoose (
5382:Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (
4431:Small-toothed palm civet (
2726:10.1037/0735-7036.106.1.78
2390:10.1578/016754203101024086
2202:. Monterey Bay Whale Watch
564:California sea lions have
9439:Taxa named by René Lesson
9434:Mammals described in 1828
8563:
8471:
8425:Saharan striped polecat (
8396:
8293:
8111:
7870:
7855:
7842:
7564:
7406:Striped hog-nosed skunk (
7312:
7299:
7235:
7137:Mediterranean monk seal (
7132:
6980:
6945:
6866:Juan Fernández fur seal (
6830:South American fur seal (
6801:
6765:South American sea lion (
6760:
6706:
6619:
6603:
6446:
6238:
6147:South American gray fox (
6091:
6050:
5833:
5771:
5755:
5723:Common slender mongoose (
5589:
5467:
5353:
5303:
5196:Narrow-striped mongoose (
5191:
5141:
5069:
4965:
4907:
4903:
4890:
4854:
4718:Crested servaline genet (
4544:
4507:
4417:
4344:
4331:
4120:
4066:
3841:
3632:
3612:
3559:
3542:
3527:
3511:
3473:
3020:"Sea lion death warrants"
2515:Nowak, Ronald M. (2003).
2243:Canadian Field-Naturalist
1977:10.1007/s00359-010-0594-5
1799:: 196–207. Archived from
1500:10.1007/s00227-009-1178-1
1029:and enemy divers. In the
989:A California sea lion at
704:and half a mile from the
259:
250:
231:
224:
113:Scientific classification
111:
89:
80:
70:
61:
56:
47:
34:
8781:Stoat/Beringian ermine (
8649:African clawless otter (
8401:African striped weasel (
8214:Yellow-throated marten (
8090:Formosan ferret-badger (
7794:Western mountain coati (
7785:Eastern mountain coati (
7702:Western lowland olingo (
7684:Eastern lowland olingo (
7512:Southern spotted skunk (
7206:Southern elephant seal (
7197:Northern elephant seal (
6987:Pagophilus groenlandicus
5764:("dog-like" carnivorans)
5577:Stripe-necked mongoose (
5198:Mungotictis decemlineata
4073:Herpailurus yagouaroundi
3520:("cat-like" carnivorans)
2635:"A California sea lion (
663:California sea lions in
8826:Yellow-bellied weasel (
8081:Burmese ferret-badger (
8063:Chinese ferret-badger (
8054:Bornean ferret badger (
8045:Vietnam ferret-badger (
7530:Eastern spotted skunk (
7521:Western spotted skunk (
7251:Leptonychotes weddellii
6893:Subantarctic fur seal (
6839:Australasian fur seal (
5663:Black-footed mongoose (
5645:Bushy-tailed mongoose (
5594:White-tailed mongoose (
5532:Indian brown mongoose (
5514:Short-tailed mongoose (
5505:Small Indian mongoose (
5442:Flat-headed kusimanse (
5415:Alexander's kusimanse (
5391:Common dwarf mongoose (
5358:Pousargues's mongoose (
5220:Brown-tailed mongoose (
5179:Grandidier's mongoose (
4433:Arctogalidia trivirgata
3657:Sunda clouded leopard (
2840:World Animal Protection
2349:Oxford University Press
2071:San Francisco Chronicle
1636:Feldkamp, S.D. (1987).
1613:Oxford University Press
1012:World Animal Protection
680:, or even navigational
9009:zalophus-californianus
8996:Zalophus_californianus
8982:Zalophus californianus
8952:Zalophus californianus
8667:Congo clawless otter (
8570:Hydrictis maculicollis
8568:Spotted-necked otter (
8527:Southern river otter (
8478:Pteronura brasiliensis
8241:European pine marten (
7752:South American coati (
7480:Palawan stink badger (
6806:New Zealand sea lion (
5871:Japanese raccoon dog (
5568:Crab-eating mongoose (
5523:Indian grey mongoose (
5146:Ring-tailed vontsira (
4957:(bone-crushing hyenas)
4652:Central African oyan (
4213:Chinese mountain cat (
3394:Zalophus californianus
2783:Zalophus californianus
2705:Zalophus californianus
2637:Zalophus californianus
2549:Zalophus californianus
2374:Zalophus californianus
2280:Zalophus californianus
2225:Zalophus californianus
2155:Zalophus californianus
1961:Zalophus californianus
1856:Zalophus californianus
1821:Zalophus californianus
1784:Zalophus californianus
1742:Zalophus californianus
1686:Zalophus californianus
1383:10.1186/1742-9994-4-20
1315:Zalophus californianus
1219:Zalophus californianus
1098:
1058:
1025:, including detecting
994:
982:
951:
928:Nonbreeding activities
913:
874:
848:. When establishing a
841:
668:
602:
561:
517:
420:
285:Zalophus californianus
235:Zalophus californianus
9245:Paleobiology Database
8907:Back-striped weasel (
8853:Black-footed ferret (
8625:Smooth-coated otter (
8403:Poecilogale albinucha
8072:Javan ferret-badger (
7958:Sumatran hog badger (
7940:Northern hog badger (
7634:Crab-eating raccoon (
7539:Pygmy spotted skunk (
7260:Lobodon carcinophagus
6996:Histriophoca fasciata
6789:Australian sea lion (
6735:California sea lion (
6484:American black bear (
6226:Black-backed jackal (
6217:Side-striped jackal (
6057:Chrysocyon brachyurus
5481:Long-nosed mongoose (
4754:Rusty-spotted genet (
4591:Large-spotted civet (
4440:Sulawesi palm civet (
4369:Owston's palm civet (
3943:Andean mountain cat (
3430:on Sealife Collection
3136:on September 21, 2013
1912:Marine Mammal Science
1660:10.1242/jeb.131.1.117
1233:: e.T41666A45230310.
1096:
1052:
1019:military applications
988:
980:
949:
911:
872:
839:
662:
600:
559:
515:
429:René Primevère Lesson
414:
217:Z. californianus
8722:Long-tailed weasel (
8300:Lyncodon patagonicus
7949:Greater hog badger (
7471:Sunda stink badger (
7161:Hawaiian monk seal (
6884:Guadalupe fur seal (
6857:Antarctic fur seal (
6848:Galápagos fur seal (
6744:Galápagos sea lion (
5862:Common raccoon dog (
5714:Cape gray mongoose (
5654:Jackson's mongoose (
5614:Paracynictis selousi
5605:Cynictis penicillata
5229:Durrell's vontsira (
4817:Giant forest genet (
4609:Large Indian civet (
4549:Small Indian civet (
4158:Sunda leopard cat (
3934:Southern tiger cat (
3870:African golden cat (
3547:African palm civet (
3396:at Wikimedia Commons
2849:on 30 September 2018
2646:Psychological Record
2351:. pp. 172–173.
2322:. pp. 263–274.
2231:, to killer whales,
2184:10.1029/2006GL027113
2114:Riedman, M. (1991).
1369:Frontiers in Zoology
1066:California. Off the
966:rhythmic entrainment
821:shortfin mako sharks
643:Isla Santa Margarita
75:La Jolla, California
27:Species of carnivore
9424:Fauna of California
9301:Otaria californiana
9198:california-sea-lion
8765:M. aistoodonnivalis
8601:Hairy-nosed otter (
8518:Neotropical otter (
8298:Patagonian weasel (
7761:White-nosed coati (
6961:Cystophora cristata
6952:Erignathus barbatus
6685:Northern fur seal (
6462:Helarctos malayanus
6098:Atelocynus microtis
5805:U. cinereoargenteus
5696:Egyptian mongoose (
5623:Rhynchogale melleri
5621:Meller's mongoose (
5612:Selous's mongoose (
5596:Ichneumia albicauda
5550:Collared mongoose (
5424:Angolan kusimanse (
5308:Liberian mongoose (
4661:West African oyan (
4560:Civettictis civetta
4491:Golden palm civet (
4449:Masked palm civet (
4424:Arctictis binturong
4398:Hemigalus derbyanus
4396:Banded palm civet (
4387:Hose's palm civet (
4176:Rusty-spotted cat (
3428:California sea lion
3213:on January 26, 2015
2596:1966Sci...154..540S
2434:2012PLoSO...733654F
2175:2006GeoRL..3322S10W
1924:2012MMamS..28..358R
1492:2009MarBi.156.1375S
1003:marine mammal parks
635:northern California
500:sea lions, being a
280:California sea lion
83:Conservation status
35:California sea lion
18:California Sea Lion
8880:European polecat (
8713:Colombian weasel (
8363:(African polecats)
7991:Caucasian badger (
7919:(Eurasian badgers)
7369:(hog-nosed skunks)
7106:("southern seals")
7005:Halichoerus grypus
6936:("northern seals")
6808:Phocarctos hookeri
6713:Eumetopias jubatus
6711:Steller sea lion (
6493:Asian black bear (
6243:African wild dog (
6197:(wolf-like canids)
5474:Atilax paludinosus
5433:Common kusimanse (
5360:Dologale dybowskii
5332:Gambian mongoose (
5116:Western falanouc (
5107:Eastern falanouc (
5076:Cryptoprocta ferox
4981:Parahyaena brunnea
4736:Johnston's genet (
4691:Abyssinian genet (
4643:(African linsangs)
4551:Viverricula indica
4482:Brown palm civet (
4473:Asian palm civet (
4380:Cynogale bennettii
4371:Chrotogale owstoni
4267:European wildcat (
4258:Black-footed cat (
3848:Leptailurus serval
3816:Asian golden cat (
3582:(Asiatic linsangs)
3420:2014-07-09 at the
3380:Marine life portal
3272:on 17 October 2013
3161:The Sacramento Bee
3086:on 18 October 2013
3056:on 21 October 2017
2999:on 22 October 2013
2949:"16 U.S.C. § 1389"
2658:10.1007/BF03395915
2523:. pp. 80–83.
2229:Eumetopias jubatus
2045:on 21 October 2017
2019:鹿児島県薩摩川内市で種不明アシカ出現
1747:Journal of Zoology
1422:Zoological Science
1119:hydroelectric dams
1099:
1059:
1055:tourist attraction
995:
983:
952:
914:
875:
842:
817:great white sharks
712:Diet and predation
669:
627:Gulf of California
603:
562:
538:aquatic locomotion
518:
445:Galapagos sea lion
421:
338:great white sharks
314:sexually dimorphic
310:Gulf of California
292:native to western
9404:Mammals of Mexico
9399:Mammals of Canada
9366:
9365:
9232:Open Tree of Life
8944:Taxon identifiers
8935:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8919:
8918:
8898:Siberian weasel (
8889:American ermine (
8817:Japanese weasel (
8772:Mountain weasel (
8756:
8679:
8678:
8465:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8434:Striped polecat (
8384:Marbled polecat (
8366:
8351:
8350:
8323:
8271:
8270:
8250:Japanese marten (
8196:American marten (
8189:
8047:M. cucphuongensis
8038:
8021:
8020:
8009:European badger (
7982:Japanese badger (
7922:
7875:American badger (
7838:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7810:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7734:
7693:Northern olingo (
7677:
7652:Cozumel raccoon (
7627:
7551:
7550:
7505:
7464:
7372:
7353:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7278:
7269:Ommatophoca rossi
7242:Hydrurga leptonyx
7229:
7226:(Antarctic seals)
7199:M. angustirostris
7190:
7173:
7172:
7139:Monachus monachus
7126:
7109:
7094:
7093:
7090:
7089:
6939:
6922:
6905:
6904:
6767:Otaria flavescens
6756:
6755:
6667:
6635:Odobenus rosmarus
6599:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6550:
6527:
6526:
6523:
6522:
6425:Spectacled bear (
6383:
6359:
6358:
6355:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6199:
6186:
6185:
6105:Crab-eating fox (
6096:Short-eared dog (
6044:
6029:
6016:
6015:
5898:
5840:Otocyon megalotis
5784:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5603:Yellow mongoose (
5454:
5453:
5341:Banded mongoose (
5310:Liberiictus kuhni
5264:
5245:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5128:
5127:
5054:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
4959:
4920:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4837:
4790:Servaline genet (
4709:Bourlon's genet (
4684:
4645:
4621:
4620:
4503:
4502:
4475:P. hermaphroditus
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4240:African wildcat (
4197:
4196:
4167:Flat-headed cat (
4107:
4106:
3891:
3890:
3828:
3827:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3666:Clouded leopard (
3625:
3600:Spotted linsang (
3584:
3549:Nandinia binotata
3392:Media related to
3298:. August 14, 2020
2590:(3748): 540–542.
1780:Loligo opalescens
1710:10.1242/jeb.00144
1703:(Pt 4): 667–674.
1542:978-1-5174-9639-5
1435:10.2108/zsj.24.81
1072:carrying capacity
978:
909:
796:and salmon below
770:continental shelf
706:San Joaquin River
702:San Francisco Bay
654:Commander Islands
619:Mitochondrial DNA
593:Range and habitat
490:sexual dimorphism
449:Japanese sea lion
276:
275:
106:
16:(Redirected from
9456:
9359:
9358:
9346:
9345:
9333:
9332:
9320:
9319:
9318:
9292:
9291:
9279:
9278:
9266:
9265:
9253:
9252:
9240:
9239:
9227:
9226:
9214:
9213:
9201:
9200:
9188:
9187:
9175:
9174:
9162:
9161:
9152:
9151:
9139:
9138:
9126:
9125:
9113:
9112:
9100:
9099:
9087:
9086:
9074:
9073:
9061:
9060:
9048:
9047:
9035:
9034:
9022:
9021:
9012:
9011:
8999:
8998:
8986:
8985:
8984:
8971:
8970:
8969:
8939:
8871:Malayan weasel (
8790:Steppe polecat (
8763:Sichuan weasel (
8755:
8754:
8750:
8690:
8627:L. perspicillata
8592:Eurasian otter (
8469:
8464:
8463:
8459:
8370:
8365:
8364:
8360:
8339:Greater grison (
8322:
8321:
8317:
8291:
8282:
8232:Nilgiri marten (
8205:Pacific marten (
8188:
8187:
8183:
8109:
8092:M. subaurantiaca
8037:
8036:
8035:(ferret-badgers)
8032:
7926:
7921:
7920:
7916:
7868:
7857:
7844:
7738:
7733:
7732:
7728:
7676:
7675:
7671:
7626:
7625:
7621:
7562:
7504:
7503:
7502:(spotted skunks)
7499:
7463:
7462:
7458:
7371:
7370:
7366:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7343:
7314:
7301:
7258:Crabeater seal (
7233:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7189:
7188:
7187:(elephant seals)
7184:
7163:N. schauinslandi
7130:
7125:
7124:
7120:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7103:
6978:
6943:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6926:
6921:
6920:
6914:
6875:Brown fur seal (
6850:A. galapagoensis
6737:Z. californianus
6704:
6671:
6666:
6665:
6651:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6538:
6453:Melursus ursinus
6444:
6387:
6382:
6379:
6372:
6339:Ethiopian wolf (
6203:
6198:
6195:
6048:
6043:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6025:
5914:Blanford's fox (
5897:
5890:
5831:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5773:
5765:
5757:
5559:Ruddy mongoose (
5541:Javan mongoose (
5472:Marsh mongoose (
5465:
5444:C. platycephalus
5277:
5268:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5139:
5083:Malagasy civet (
5067:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5041:
5036:
4963:
4958:
4955:
4924:
4919:
4916:
4909:
4905:
4892:
4856:
4683:
4680:
4644:
4641:
4632:
4542:
4538:
4527:
4522:
4509:
4415:
4357:
4346:
4333:
4127:Otocolobus manul
4118:
4040:
3916:Geoffroy's cat (
3839:
3769:
3760:
3755:
3643:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3614:
3591:Banded linsang (
3583:
3580:
3572:
3561:
3540:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3435:
3391:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:. April 11, 2023
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3268:. Archived from
3258:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3238:Associated Press
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3082:. Archived from
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3026:. Archived from
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2992:. Archived from
2987:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:on June 19, 2013
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2833:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2799:10.1037/a0032345
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2734:
2728:. Archived from
2711:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2682:
2676:. Archived from
2643:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2554:Animal Behaviour
2544:
2535:
2534:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2478:Animal Behaviour
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2407:
2394:
2393:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2347:(2nd ed.).
2340:
2334:
2333:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2286:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2256:10.5962/p.356188
2239:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2121:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1934:. Archived from
1909:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1790:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1712:
1692:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1642:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1611:(2nd ed.).
1604:
1595:
1594:
1578:
1568:
1547:
1546:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1486:(7): 1375–1387.
1477:
1468:
1455:
1454:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1332:
1310:
1281:
1280:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1186:. Archived from
1180:
991:Central Park Zoo
979:
910:
728:, and sometimes
611:southeast Alaska
549:, rather than a
494:Steller sea lion
447:and the extinct
308:, including the
302:southeast Alaska
270:
263:
255:
237:
121:
120:
100:
95:
94:
66:
52:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
9464:
9463:
9459:
9458:
9457:
9455:
9454:
9453:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9362:
9354:
9349:
9341:
9336:
9328:
9323:
9314:
9313:
9308:
9295:
9287:
9282:
9274:
9269:
9261:
9256:
9248:
9243:
9235:
9230:
9222:
9217:
9209:
9206:Observation.org
9204:
9196:
9191:
9183:
9178:
9170:
9165:
9157:
9155:
9147:
9142:
9134:
9129:
9121:
9116:
9108:
9103:
9095:
9090:
9082:
9077:
9069:
9064:
9056:
9051:
9043:
9038:
9030:
9025:
9017:
9015:
9007:
9002:
8994:
8989:
8980:
8979:
8974:
8965:
8964:
8959:
8946:
8936:
8915:
8891:M. richardsonii
8835:European mink (
8752:
8751:
8749:
8739:
8731:American mink (
8704:Amazon weasel (
8675:
8633:
8609:
8576:
8559:
8535:
8484:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8442:
8409:
8392:
8362:
8361:
8359:
8347:
8330:Lesser grison (
8319:
8318:
8316:
8306:
8267:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8172:
8148:
8124:
8098:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8017:
7966:
7918:
7917:
7915:
7907:
7883:
7864:
7851:
7830:
7802:
7769:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7719:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7660:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7610:
7577:
7547:
7514:S. angustifrons
7501:
7500:
7498:
7488:
7461:(stink badgers)
7460:
7459:
7457:
7447:
7439:Striped skunk (
7414:
7408:C. semistriatus
7368:
7367:
7365:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7334:
7328:Ailurus fulgens
7308:
7275:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7214:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7169:
7145:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7086:
7044:
7011:
6967:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6901:
6814:
6797:
6773:
6752:
6719:
6693:
6660:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6615:
6611:
6583:
6563:
6546:
6545:
6519:
6468:
6433:
6409:
6380:
6378:
6368:
6347:
6276:Golden jackal (
6260:
6234:
6196:
6194:
6182:
6113:
6107:Cerdocyon thous
6087:
6063:
6041:
6039:
6026:
6024:
6012:
5977:Rüppell's fox (
5891:
5889:
5879:
5864:N. procyonoides
5846:
5838:Bat-eared fox (
5820:
5785:
5781:
5767:
5763:
5731:
5716:H. pulverulenta
5671:
5629:
5585:
5552:U. semitorquata
5507:U. auropunctata
5489:
5450:
5399:
5366:
5349:
5316:
5299:
5261:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5237:
5204:
5187:
5154:
5148:Galidia elegans
5124:
5091:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5037:
5032:
5011:
5003:Spotted hyena (
4987:
4970:Striped hyena (
4956:
4954:
4946:
4917:
4915:
4899:
4874:
4834:
4772:Aquatic genet (
4763:Pardine genet (
4700:Angolan genet (
4681:
4679:
4669:
4654:P. richardsonii
4642:
4640:
4617:
4600:Malayan civet (
4566:
4558:African civet (
4534:
4533:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4513:
4499:
4457:
4404:
4389:Diplogale hosei
4353:
4340:
4315:
4275:
4193:
4133:
4113:
4103:
4079:
4062:
4035:
4029:
4003:Eurasian lynx (
3978:
3887:
3854:
3834:
3824:
3791:
3764:
3756:
3751:
3734:
3674:
3626:
3622:
3608:
3581:
3568:
3555:
3536:
3523:
3519:
3507:
3469:
3462:
3422:Wayback Machine
3378:
3373:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2412:Gerber, Leah R.
2409:
2408:
2397:
2378:Aquatic Mammals
2371:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2294:on 12 July 2012
2291:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2237:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2093:"Sea Lion Diet"
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2074:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2028:- 海棲哺乳類情報データベース
2017:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1861:Vision Research
1853:
1852:
1848:
1841:10.1139/z89-129
1816:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1788:
1778:"Market squid (
1775:
1774:
1767:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1615:. p. 171.
1606:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1570:
1569:
1550:
1543:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1458:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1312:
1311:
1284:
1277:
1269:. p. 403.
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1214:
1213:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1160:regional tribes
1155:
1131:
1047:
971:
944:
930:
899:
897:
834:
829:
742:Pacific whiting
714:
631:Channel Islands
623:Baja California
595:
590:
510:
415:Lithography by
409:
356:and mother-pup
288:) is a coastal
272:
268:
266:
265:
261:
246:
239:
233:
220:
115:
107:
96:
92:
85:
72:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9462:
9460:
9452:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9371:
9370:
9364:
9363:
9361:
9360:
9347:
9334:
9321:
9305:
9303:
9297:
9296:
9294:
9293:
9280:
9267:
9254:
9241:
9228:
9215:
9202:
9189:
9176:
9163:
9153:
9140:
9127:
9114:
9101:
9088:
9075:
9062:
9049:
9036:
9023:
9013:
9000:
8987:
8972:
8956:
8954:
8948:
8947:
8942:
8933:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8913:
8909:M. strigidorsa
8904:
8895:
8886:
8877:
8868:
8862:Least weasel (
8859:
8850:
8841:
8832:
8823:
8814:
8808:Haida ermine (
8805:
8796:
8792:M. eversmannii
8787:
8778:
8769:
8759:
8757:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8728:
8719:
8710:
8700:
8698:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8673:
8664:
8655:
8645:
8643:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8621:
8619:
8611:
8610:
8608:
8607:
8598:
8588:
8586:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8547:
8545:
8537:
8536:
8534:
8533:
8524:
8520:L. longicaudis
8515:
8509:Marine otter (
8506:
8496:
8494:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8472:
8466:
8452:
8451:
8448:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8431:
8421:
8419:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8391:
8390:
8380:
8378:
8367:
8353:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8336:
8326:
8324:
8308:
8307:
8305:
8304:
8294:
8288:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8256:
8247:
8238:
8229:
8223:Beech marten (
8220:
8211:
8202:
8192:
8190:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8160:
8158:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8136:
8134:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8122:
8112:
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8087:
8078:
8069:
8060:
8051:
8041:
8039:
8023:
8022:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8006:
8000:Asian badger (
7997:
7988:
7978:
7976:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7964:
7955:
7946:
7942:A. albogularis
7936:
7934:
7923:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7899:Honey badger (
7895:
7893:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7881:
7871:
7865:
7860:
7853:
7852:
7847:
7840:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7828:
7827:
7826:
7820:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7808:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7791:
7781:
7779:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7758:
7748:
7746:
7735:
7721:
7720:
7718:
7717:
7708:
7699:
7690:
7680:
7678:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7649:
7640:
7636:P. cancrivorus
7630:
7628:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7608:
7604:B. sumichrasti
7599:
7589:
7587:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7565:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7545:
7536:
7527:
7518:
7508:
7506:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7477:
7467:
7465:
7449:
7448:
7446:
7445:
7436:
7430:Hooded skunk (
7426:
7424:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7412:
7403:
7394:
7385:
7375:
7373:
7354:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7322:
7320:
7310:
7309:
7304:
7297:
7296:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7264:
7255:
7249:Weddell seal (
7246:
7240:Leopard seal (
7236:
7230:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7203:
7193:
7191:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7133:
7127:
7110:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7091:
7088:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7075:
7066:
7060:Caspian seal (
7056:
7054:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7033:
7027:Spotted seal (
7023:
7021:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7000:
6991:
6981:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6956:
6950:Bearded seal (
6946:
6940:
6923:
6919:or true seals)
6917:(earless seals
6907:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6890:
6881:
6872:
6863:
6854:
6845:
6836:
6826:
6824:
6816:
6815:
6813:
6812:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6785:
6783:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6761:
6758:
6757:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6750:
6741:
6731:
6729:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6707:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6681:
6679:
6668:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6629:
6627:
6617:
6616:
6608:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6573:
6571:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6559:
6553:
6551:
6535:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6508:
6499:
6490:
6480:
6478:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6457:
6447:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6421:
6419:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6403:A. melanoleuca
6397:
6395:
6384:
6369:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6336:
6327:
6321:Eastern wolf (
6318:
6309:
6303:African wolf (
6300:
6291:
6285:Domestic dog (
6282:
6272:
6270:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6249:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6223:
6213:
6211:
6200:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6171:
6165:Sechuran fox (
6162:
6158:L. gymnocercus
6153:
6144:
6138:Darwin's fox (
6135:
6125:
6123:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6102:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6075:
6073:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6051:
6045:
6030:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6001:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5965:
5956:
5947:
5938:
5929:
5920:
5911:
5907:V. bengalensis
5901:
5899:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5868:
5858:
5856:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5809:
5799:
5797:
5786:
5776:
5769:
5768:
5760:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5720:
5711:
5702:
5693:
5683:
5681:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5660:
5651:
5647:B. crassicauda
5641:
5639:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5618:
5609:
5600:
5590:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5574:
5565:
5556:
5547:
5538:
5529:
5520:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5478:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5439:
5430:
5421:
5411:
5409:
5401:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5388:
5378:
5376:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5338:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5287:
5285:
5274:
5265:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5226:
5216:
5214:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5186:
5185:
5181:G. grandidieri
5176:
5166:
5164:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5142:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5080:
5070:
5064:
5055:
5038:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4976:
4966:
4960:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4934:
4932:
4921:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4745:Letaba genet (
4742:
4733:
4727:Common genet (
4724:
4715:
4706:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4555:
4545:
4539:
4524:
4512:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:P. zeylonensis
4488:
4479:
4469:
4467:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:Paguma larvata
4446:
4437:
4428:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4354:
4349:
4342:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4305:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4222:Domestic cat (
4219:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4182:
4178:P. rubiginosus
4173:
4164:
4155:
4151:P. bengalensis
4145:
4143:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4125:Pallas's cat (
4121:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4048:
4037:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4018:
4012:Iberian lynx (
4009:
4000:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3766:
3757:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3723:
3714:
3705:
3696:
3690:Snow leopard (
3686:
3684:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3640:
3627:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3537:
3532:
3525:
3524:
3516:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3503:Laurasiatheria
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3369:
3366:Mammals portal
3355:
3352:Animals portal
3339:
3338:External links
3336:
3334:
3333:
3308:
3283:
3253:
3224:
3194:
3173:
3147:
3120:
3097:
3067:
3041:
3030:on 10 May 2013
3010:
2974:
2957:
2940:
2914:
2888:
2860:
2820:
2773:
2745:
2693:
2652:(4): 823–839.
2625:
2572:
2536:
2530:978-0801873430
2529:
2504:
2467:
2395:
2364:
2358:978-0760719695
2357:
2335:
2329:978-0124150317
2328:
2320:Academic Press
2305:
2268:
2250:(3): 426–428.
2213:
2190:
2169:(22): L22S10.
2143:
2137:978-0520064980
2136:
2106:
2084:
2056:
2030:
2024:2016-06-02 at
2011:
1998:
1951:
1918:(2): 358–363.
1895:
1868:(3): 477–482.
1846:
1835:(4): 872–883.
1809:
1806:on 2013-04-12.
1765:
1754:(3): 341–364.
1732:
1674:
1653:(1): 117–135.
1628:
1622:978-0760719695
1621:
1596:
1590:978-0375411410
1589:
1548:
1541:
1521:
1480:Marine Biology
1456:
1407:
1350:
1344:978-0123735539
1343:
1282:
1276:978-0520265455
1275:
1253:
1200:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1164:Columbia River
1154:
1151:
1130:
1127:
1111:rubber bullets
1046:
1043:
943:
940:
929:
926:
896:
893:
833:
830:
828:
825:
713:
710:
694:Columbia River
690:Bonneville Dam
594:
591:
589:
586:
570:color spectrum
531:South American
509:
506:
467:sagittal crest
435:in the family
408:
405:
320:. They mainly
318:sagittal crest
274:
273:
267:
264:breeding range
260:
257:
256:
248:
247:
240:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
212:
208:
207:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
109:
108:
90:
87:
86:
81:
78:
77:
68:
67:
59:
58:
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9461:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9374:
9357:
9352:
9348:
9344:
9339:
9335:
9331:
9326:
9322:
9317:
9311:
9307:
9306:
9304:
9302:
9298:
9290:
9285:
9281:
9277:
9272:
9268:
9264:
9259:
9255:
9251:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9233:
9229:
9225:
9220:
9216:
9212:
9207:
9203:
9199:
9194:
9190:
9186:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9168:
9164:
9160:
9154:
9150:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9132:
9128:
9124:
9119:
9115:
9111:
9106:
9102:
9098:
9093:
9089:
9085:
9080:
9076:
9072:
9067:
9063:
9059:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9014:
9010:
9005:
9001:
8997:
8992:
8988:
8983:
8977:
8973:
8968:
8962:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8953:
8949:
8945:
8940:
8912:
8910:
8905:
8903:
8901:
8896:
8894:
8892:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8878:
8876:
8874:
8869:
8867:
8865:
8860:
8858:
8856:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8846:M. lutreolina
8842:
8840:
8838:
8833:
8831:
8829:
8824:
8822:
8820:
8815:
8813:
8811:
8806:
8804:
8802:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8788:
8786:
8784:
8779:
8777:
8775:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8748:
8747:
8742:
8736:
8734:
8729:
8727:
8725:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8702:
8701:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8682:
8672:
8670:
8665:
8663:
8661:
8656:
8654:
8652:
8647:
8646:
8644:
8642:
8641:
8636:
8630:
8628:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8606:
8604:
8599:
8597:
8595:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8579:
8573:
8571:
8566:
8565:
8562:
8556:
8554:
8549:
8548:
8546:
8544:
8543:
8538:
8532:
8530:
8525:
8523:
8521:
8516:
8514:
8512:
8507:
8505:
8503:
8502:L. canadensis
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8492:
8487:
8481:
8479:
8476:Giant otter (
8474:
8473:
8470:
8467:
8457:
8453:
8439:
8437:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8412:
8406:
8404:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8382:
8381:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8368:
8358:
8354:
8344:
8342:
8337:
8335:
8333:
8328:
8327:
8325:
8315:
8314:
8309:
8303:
8301:
8296:
8295:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8264:
8262:
8257:
8255:
8253:
8248:
8246:
8244:
8239:
8237:
8235:
8234:M. gwatkinsii
8230:
8228:
8226:
8221:
8219:
8217:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8203:
8201:
8199:
8194:
8193:
8191:
8181:
8180:
8175:
8169:
8167:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8145:
8143:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8121:
8119:
8114:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8088:
8086:
8084:
8079:
8077:
8075:
8074:M. orientalis
8070:
8068:
8066:
8061:
8059:
8057:
8052:
8050:
8048:
8043:
8042:
8040:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8014:
8012:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7989:
7987:
7985:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7961:
7956:
7954:
7952:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7924:
7914:
7910:
7904:
7902:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7886:
7880:
7878:
7877:Taxidea taxus
7873:
7872:
7869:
7866:
7863:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7845:
7841:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7799:
7797:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7787:N. meridensis
7783:
7782:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7766:
7764:
7759:
7757:
7755:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7744:
7739:
7736:
7726:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7709:
7707:
7705:
7700:
7698:
7696:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7657:
7655:
7650:
7648:
7646:
7641:
7639:
7637:
7632:
7631:
7629:
7619:
7618:
7613:
7607:
7605:
7600:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7585:
7580:
7574:
7572:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7544:
7542:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7485:
7483:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7473:M. javanensis
7469:
7468:
7466:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7444:
7442:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7411:
7409:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7399:C. leuconotus
7395:
7393:
7391:
7390:C. humboldtii
7386:
7384:
7382:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7355:
7349:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7329:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7302:
7298:
7272:
7270:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7256:
7254:
7252:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7238:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7221:
7217:
7211:
7209:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7182:
7181:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7159:
7158:
7156:
7154:
7153:
7148:
7142:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7128:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7101:
7097:
7083:
7081:
7078:Baikal seal (
7076:
7074:
7072:
7069:Ringed seal (
7067:
7065:
7063:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7041:
7039:
7036:Harbor seal (
7034:
7032:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7022:
7020:
7019:
7014:
7008:
7006:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6994:Ribbon seal (
6992:
6990:
6988:
6983:
6982:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6959:Hooded seal (
6957:
6955:
6953:
6948:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6931:
6927:
6924:
6912:
6908:
6898:
6896:
6895:A. tropicalis
6891:
6889:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6837:
6835:
6833:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6822:
6821:Arctocephalus
6817:
6811:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6794:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6770:
6768:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6746:Z. wollebaeki
6742:
6740:
6738:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6716:
6714:
6709:
6708:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6669:
6663:
6658:
6654:(eared seals:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6626:
6622:
6618:
6614:
6606:
6602:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6557:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6543:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6530:
6516:
6514:
6509:
6507:
6505:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6495:U. thibetanus
6491:
6489:
6487:
6486:U. americanus
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6465:
6463:
6458:
6456:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6436:
6430:
6428:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6417:
6412:
6406:
6404:
6401:Giant panda (
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6393:
6388:
6385:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6367:
6362:
6344:
6342:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6310:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6292:
6290:
6288:
6287:C. familiaris
6283:
6281:
6279:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6269:
6268:
6263:
6257:
6255:
6250:
6248:
6246:
6245:Lycaon pictus
6241:
6240:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6224:
6222:
6220:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6201:
6193:
6189:
6179:
6177:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6136:
6134:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6053:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5941:Tibetan fox (
5939:
5937:
5935:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5895:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5876:
5874:
5873:N. viverrinus
5869:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5843:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5814:U. littoralis
5810:
5808:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5787:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5758:
5754:
5728:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5689:H. flavescens
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5668:
5666:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5591:
5588:
5582:
5580:
5579:U. vitticolla
5575:
5573:
5571:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5486:
5484:
5483:Xenogale naso
5479:
5477:
5475:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5447:
5445:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5396:
5394:
5389:
5387:
5385:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5363:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5266:
5257:
5256:sensu stricto
5252:
5248:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5086:
5085:Fossa fossana
5081:
5079:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5056:
5046:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5008:
5006:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4982:
4979:Brown hyena (
4977:
4975:
4973:
4972:Hyaena hyaena
4968:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4922:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4868:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4831:
4829:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4799:Hausa genet (
4797:
4795:
4793:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4702:G. angolensis
4698:
4696:
4694:
4693:G. abyssinica
4689:
4688:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4602:V. tangalunga
4598:
4596:
4594:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4563:
4561:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4536:sensu stricto
4532:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:Paradoxurinae
4407:
4401:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4378:Otter civet (
4376:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4272:
4270:
4269:F. silvestris
4265:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4187:P. viverrinus
4185:Fishing cat (
4183:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4160:P. javanensis
4156:
4154:
4152:
4149:Leopard cat (
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3996:L. canadensis
3994:Canada lynx (
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3884:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3818:C. temminckii
3814:
3812:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3783:Marbled cat (
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3753:sensu stricto
3750:
3745:
3731:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3602:P. pardicolor
3598:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3447:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3109:. the Log.com
3108:
3101:
3098:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3011:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2975:
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2961:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2793:(4): 412–27.
2792:
2788:
2784:
2777:
2774:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2749:
2746:
2735:on 2018-11-19
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2697:
2694:
2683:on 2013-05-13
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2638:
2629:
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2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:
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2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2485:(2): 364–66.
2484:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:(3): e33654.
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2384:(10): 67–76.
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2317:
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2306:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2272:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2214:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2110:
2107:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2026:archive.today
2023:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:(2): 141–51.
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1941:on 2013-05-13
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
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1863:
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1857:
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1847:
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1822:
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1798:
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1757:
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1749:
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1711:
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1702:
1698:
1697:
1689:
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1678:
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1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1639:
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1629:
1624:
1618:
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1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1576:
1567:
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1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1534:
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1525:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
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1489:
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1465:
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1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
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1436:
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1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1319:Z. wollebaeki
1316:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1190:on 2023-03-29
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
992:
987:
969:
967:
963:
962:sign language
958:
948:
941:
939:
936:
927:
925:
921:
919:
895:Communication
894:
892:
889:
884:
881:
878:similar to a
871:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
838:
831:
826:
824:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:Merced County
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
666:
661:
657:
655:
650:
648:
647:tidal islands
644:
640:
639:Punta Eugenia
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:North America
599:
592:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
558:
554:
552:
548:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
514:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
413:
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
393:Least Concern
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
358:contact calls
355:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
294:North America
291:
287:
286:
281:
258:
254:
249:
244:
238:
236:
230:
227:
226:Binomial name
223:
219:
218:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
119:
114:
110:
104:
99:
98:Least Concern
88:
84:
79:
76:
69:
65:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
30:
19:
9300:
8951:
8908:
8899:
8890:
8881:
8872:
8863:
8854:
8845:
8836:
8827:
8818:
8809:
8800:
8791:
8782:
8773:
8764:
8744:
8732:
8723:
8714:
8705:
8693:
8668:
8659:
8650:
8638:
8626:
8614:
8603:L. sumatrana
8602:
8593:
8581:
8569:
8552:
8540:
8528:
8519:
8510:
8501:
8489:
8477:
8435:
8426:
8414:
8402:
8386:V. peregusna
8385:
8373:
8340:
8331:
8311:
8299:
8286:Lyncodontini
8277:Ictonychinae
8261:M. zibellina
8260:
8251:
8242:
8233:
8224:
8216:M. flavigula
8215:
8206:
8198:M. americana
8197:
8177:
8165:
8153:
8141:
8129:
8118:Eira barbara
8117:
8091:
8083:M. personata
8082:
8073:
8064:
8055:
8046:
8026:
8010:
8001:
7993:M. canescens
7992:
7983:
7971:
7959:
7950:
7941:
7929:
7900:
7888:
7876:
7795:
7786:
7774:
7762:
7753:
7741:
7712:
7703:
7694:
7685:
7665:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7615:
7603:
7602:Cacomistle (
7594:
7582:
7571:Potos flavus
7570:
7540:
7531:
7522:
7513:
7493:
7481:
7472:
7452:
7440:
7431:
7419:
7407:
7398:
7389:
7380:
7360:
7327:
7268:
7259:
7250:
7241:
7207:
7198:
7178:
7162:
7150:
7138:
7123:(monk seals)
7079:
7070:
7061:
7049:
7037:
7028:
7016:
7004:
6995:
6986:
6960:
6951:
6894:
6886:A. townsendi
6885:
6876:
6868:A. philippii
6867:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6832:A. australis
6831:
6819:
6807:
6790:
6778:
6766:
6745:
6736:
6734:
6724:
6712:
6686:
6674:
6634:
6513:U. maritimus
6512:
6511:Polar bear (
6503:
6502:Brown bear (
6494:
6485:
6473:
6461:
6452:
6451:Sloth bear (
6426:
6414:
6402:
6390:
6340:
6331:
6322:
6313:
6304:
6295:
6286:
6277:
6265:
6254:Cuon alpinus
6253:
6244:
6228:L. mesomelas
6227:
6218:
6206:
6175:
6166:
6157:
6156:Pampas fox (
6148:
6139:
6130:
6118:
6106:
6097:
6081:S. venaticus
6080:
6068:
6056:
6055:Maned wolf (
6037:Cerdocyonina
6005:
6004:Fennec fox (
5996:
5987:
5979:V. rueppelli
5978:
5969:
5960:
5951:
5950:Arctic fox (
5943:V. ferrilata
5942:
5933:
5932:Corsac fox (
5924:
5915:
5906:
5905:Bengal fox (
5884:
5872:
5863:
5851:
5839:
5813:
5812:Island fox (
5804:
5792:
5725:H. sanguinea
5724:
5715:
5706:
5698:H. ichneumon
5697:
5688:
5676:
5664:
5655:
5646:
5634:
5622:
5613:
5604:
5595:
5578:
5569:
5560:
5551:
5542:
5533:
5525:U. edwardsii
5524:
5516:U. brachyura
5515:
5506:
5494:
5482:
5473:
5443:
5434:
5425:
5417:C. alexandri
5416:
5404:
5392:
5383:
5371:
5359:
5342:
5334:M. gambianus
5333:
5321:
5309:
5293:S. suricatta
5292:
5280:
5255:
5230:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5180:
5171:
5159:
5147:
5117:
5108:
5096:
5084:
5075:
5052:carnivorans)
5033:
5004:
4992:
4980:
4971:
4939:
4927:
4897:Herpestoidea
4860:Herpestoidea
4827:
4819:G. victoriae
4818:
4809:
4808:Cape genet (
4800:
4792:G. servalina
4791:
4782:
4781:King genet (
4774:G. piscivora
4773:
4764:
4755:
4746:
4738:G. johnstoni
4737:
4728:
4719:
4710:
4701:
4692:
4674:
4663:P. leightoni
4662:
4653:
4635:
4610:
4601:
4593:V. megaspila
4592:
4584:V. civettina
4583:
4571:
4559:
4550:
4535:
4519:
4492:
4483:
4474:
4462:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4397:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4268:
4259:
4251:F. margarita
4250:
4241:
4232:
4231:Jungle cat (
4223:
4214:
4202:
4186:
4177:
4169:P. planiceps
4168:
4159:
4150:
4140:Prionailurus
4138:
4126:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4071:Jaguarundi (
4055:
4043:
4022:
4013:
4004:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3962:
3953:
3944:
3935:
3926:
3918:L. geoffroyi
3917:
3908:
3907:Pampas cat (
3896:
3880:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3817:
3808:
3796:
3785:P. marmorata
3784:
3772:
3752:
3727:
3718:
3709:
3700:
3691:
3679:
3667:
3658:
3646:
3601:
3592:
3575:
3548:
3501:Superorder:
3495:Infraclass:
3325:. Retrieved
3320:
3311:
3300:. Retrieved
3295:
3286:
3274:. Retrieved
3270:the original
3256:
3248:
3241:. Retrieved
3237:
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:the original
3206:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3160:
3150:
3138:. Retrieved
3134:the original
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:the original
3070:
3058:. Retrieved
3054:the original
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:the original
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2994:the original
2977:
2960:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2917:
2905:. Retrieved
2901:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2873:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2844:the original
2823:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2764:. Retrieved
2758:
2748:
2737:. Retrieved
2730:the original
2717:
2713:
2704:
2696:
2685:. Retrieved
2678:the original
2649:
2645:
2636:
2628:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2561:(1): 17–24.
2558:
2552:
2548:
2516:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2425:
2419:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2344:
2338:
2315:
2308:
2296:. Retrieved
2289:the original
2279:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2247:
2241:
2233:Orcinus orca
2232:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2193:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2146:
2117:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2069:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:the original
2033:
2014:
2001:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1943:. Retrieved
1936:the original
1915:
1911:
1898:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1812:
1801:the original
1796:
1792:
1783:
1779:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1700:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1650:
1644:
1631:
1608:
1574:
1531:
1524:
1483:
1479:
1429:(1): 81–85.
1426:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1328:
1323:Z. japonicus
1322:
1318:
1314:
1262:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1230:
1224:
1218:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:the original
1178:
1156:
1132:
1123:
1100:
1060:
1031:Persian Gulf
1016:
996:
953:
931:
922:
915:
885:
876:
843:
827:Life history
813:Monterey Bay
802:
798:fish ladders
766:market squid
715:
670:
667:, California
651:
604:
566:color vision
563:
535:
519:
502:sister taxon
497:
471:
462:
458:
452:
422:
366:
342:
284:
283:
279:
277:
234:
232:
216:
215:
203:
176:
29:
9258:SeaLifeBase
9167:NatureServe
9079:iNaturalist
8976:Wikispecies
8900:M. sibirica
8882:M. putorius
8855:M. nigripes
8837:M. lutreola
8810:M. haidarum
8706:N. africana
8669:A. congicus
8660:A. cinereus
8651:A. capensis
8551:Sea otter (
8529:L. provocax
8436:I. striatus
8357:Ictonychini
8252:M. melampus
8164:Wolverine (
8142:P. pennanti
8065:M. moschata
8056:M. everetti
8002:M. leucurus
7960:A. hoevenii
7951:A. collaris
7901:M. capensis
7796:N. olivacea
7711:Olinguito (
7667:Bassaricyon
7654:P. pygmaeus
7584:Bassariscus
7557:Procyonidae
7532:S. putorius
7523:S. gracilis
7441:M. mephitis
7432:M. macroura
7326:Red panda (
7306:Musteloidea
7267:Ross seal (
7220:Lobodontini
7152:Neomonachus
7080:P. sibirica
7038:P. vitulina
7003:Grey seal (
6985:Harp seal (
6877:A. pusillus
6841:A. forsteri
6676:Callorhinus
6610:Pinnipedia
6569:Musteloidea
6341:C. simensis
6305:C. lupaster
6174:Hoary fox (
6167:L. sechurae
6140:L. fulvipes
6131:L. culpaeus
6027:(true dogs)
5986:Swift fox (
5961:V. macrotis
5853:Nyctereutes
5762:Caniformia
5707:H. ochracea
5665:B. nigripes
5656:B. jacksoni
5543:U. javanica
5460:Herpestinae
5435:C. obscurus
5426:C. ansorgei
5406:Crossarchus
5262:(mongooses)
5251:Herpestidae
5231:S. durrelli
5222:S. concolor
5172:G. fasciata
5109:E. goudotii
5030:Herpestidae
4940:P. cristata
4801:G. thierryi
4756:G. maculata
4720:G. cristata
4711:G. bourloni
4464:Paradoxurus
4422:Binturong (
4361:Hemigalinae
4338:Viverroidea
4301:Viverroidea
4260:F. nigripes
4112:Leopard cat
4097:P. concolor
4014:L. pardinus
3963:L. tigrinus
3954:L. pardalis
3945:L. jacobita
3936:L. guttulus
3909:L. colocola
3668:N. nebulosa
3638:Pantherinae
3518:Feliformia
2099:2 September
1246:11 November
1027:naval mines
863:parturition
686:fresh water
613:to central
582:harbor seal
417:Joseph Smit
381:oceanariums
369:intelligent
349:territories
304:to central
271:total range
40:Pleistocene
9373:Categories
9316:Q109647399
8873:M. nudipes
8864:M. nivalis
8828:M. kathiah
8783:M. erminea
8774:M. altaica
8724:N. frenata
8715:N. felipei
8685:Mustelinae
8427:I. libycus
8341:G. vittata
8207:M. caurina
7984:M. anakuma
7862:Mustelidae
7849:Mustelidae
7825:see below↓
7816:Mustelidae
7713:B. neblina
7624:(raccoons)
7595:B. astutus
7593:Ringtail (
7569:Kinkajou (
7541:S. pygmaea
7482:M. marchei
7340:Mephitidae
7208:M. leonina
7100:Monachinae
7071:P. hispida
7062:P. caspica
6859:A. gazella
6791:N. cinerea
6687:C. ursinus
6625:Odobenidae
6578:see below↓
6558:see below↓
6542:Pinnipedia
6460:Sun bear (
6427:T. ornatus
6416:Tremarctos
6392:Ailuropoda
6330:Red wolf (
6296:C. latrans
6219:L. adustus
6176:L. vetulus
6149:L. griseus
6079:Bush dog (
5970:V. pallida
5968:Pale fox (
5952:V. lagopus
5923:Cape fox (
5803:Gray fox (
5561:U. smithii
5393:H. parvula
5384:H. hirtula
5272:Mungotinae
5161:Galidictis
5134:Galidiinae
5062:Euplerinae
5045:Eupleridae
5034:sensu lato
5005:C. crocuta
4938:Aardwolf (
4869:see below↓
4810:G. tigrina
4783:G. poensis
4765:G. pardina
4747:G. letabae
4729:G. genetta
4627:Genettinae
4611:V. zibetha
4531:Viverrinae
4520:sensu lato
4515:Viverrinae
4484:P. jerdoni
4351:Viverridae
4310:see below↓
4249:Sand cat (
4056:A. jubatus
3881:C. caracal
3774:Pardofelis
3593:P. linsang
3534:Feliformia
3426:Photos of
3327:2023-11-05
3302:2023-11-05
3276:17 October
3243:10 January
3140:August 17,
3113:August 17,
3090:17 October
3003:17 October
2739:2012-05-30
2687:2012-05-30
2126:. p.
1945:2012-06-08
1194:2022-01-26
1171:References
807:and large
665:Santa Cruz
547:transverse
474:subspecies
441:true seals
401:Washington
383:, and are
345:polygynous
290:eared seal
183:Pinnipedia
8819:M. itatsi
8753:(weasels)
8616:Lutrogale
8553:E. lutris
8511:L. felina
8320:(grisons)
8243:M. martes
8186:(martens)
8104:Guloninae
7890:Mellivora
7763:N. narica
7704:B. medius
7695:B. gabbii
7686:B. alleni
7674:(olingos)
7643:Raccoon (
7495:Spilogale
7381:C. chinga
7362:Conepatus
7318:Ailuridae
7117:Monachini
7029:P. largha
6699:Otariinae
6662:sea lions
6657:fur seals
6648:Otariidae
6533:Mustelida
6504:U. arctos
6366:Arctoidea
6323:C. lycaon
6278:C. aureus
6208:Lupulella
6120:Lycalopex
5997:V. vulpes
5995:Red fox (
5959:Kit fox (
5934:V. corsac
5678:Herpestes
5291:Meerkat (
5050:(Malagasy
4952:Hyaeninae
4913:Hyaenidae
4828:G. felina
4242:F. lybica
4054:Cheetah (
3972:L. wiedii
3961:Oncilla (
3927:L. guigna
3898:Leopardus
3879:Caracal (
3872:C. aurata
3807:Bay cat (
3728:P. pardus
3726:Leopard (
3701:P. tigris
3659:N. diardi
3577:Prionodon
3477:Kingdom:
3466:Carnivora
2875:USA Today
2720:: 78–91.
2674:147715775
2666:0033-2933
1508:0025-3162
1115:bean bags
1076:fishermen
888:gestation
850:territory
846:rookeries
794:steelhead
782:porpoises
774:seamounts
720:, mainly
482:split off
437:Otariidae
433:fur seals
425:described
298:sea lions
211:Species:
193:Otariidae
170:Carnivora
136:Kingdom:
130:Eukaryota
9384:Zalophus
9310:Wikidata
9172:2.103040
9149:14001019
9097:10201349
9016:BioLib:
8961:Wikidata
8799:Ferret (
8733:N. vison
8594:L. lutra
8462:(otters)
8456:Lutrinae
8313:Galictis
8225:M. foina
8140:Fisher (
8028:Melogale
8011:M. meles
7931:Arctonyx
7776:Nasuella
7754:N. nasua
7731:(coatis)
7645:P. lotor
7421:Mephitis
7180:Mirounga
6930:Phocinae
6911:Phocidae
6780:Neophoca
6726:Zalophus
6633:Walrus (
6332:C. rufus
6314:C. lupus
6294:Coyote (
6129:Culpeo (
6070:Speothos
6006:V. zerda
5988:V. velox
5925:V. chama
5636:Bdeogale
5534:U. fusca
5373:Helogale
5343:M. mungo
5282:Suricata
5211:Salanoia
5118:E. major
5098:Eupleres
4929:Proteles
4918:(hyenas)
4682:(genets)
4233:F. chaus
4224:F. catus
4215:F. bieti
4095:Cougar (
4045:Acinonyx
4023:L. rufus
4021:Bobcat (
3970:Margay (
3952:Ocelot (
3925:Kodkod (
3846:Serval (
3809:C. badia
3798:Catopuma
3708:Jaguar (
3692:P. uncia
3681:Panthera
3648:Neofelis
3566:Feloidea
3497:Eutheria
3491:Mammalia
3485:Chordata
3483:Phylum:
3479:Animalia
3418:Archived
3217:12 March
3187:12 March
3166:12 March
2933:July 30,
2907:July 30,
2902:ABC News
2881:28 April
2815:34580113
2807:23544769
2766:12 April
2620:26768330
2499:53149333
2462:22432039
2421:PLoS ONE
2022:Archived
1993:22267851
1985:20959994
1890:40123080
1727:12066187
1719:12517984
1516:86062338
1451:10824601
1443:17409720
1402:17868473
1362:Zalophus
1080:poaching
999:circuses
935:haul-out
786:seabirds
778:dolphins
754:rockfish
578:whiskers
551:sagittal
498:Zalophus
486:Pliocene
478:lineages
454:Zalophus
407:Taxonomy
377:circuses
322:haul out
204:Zalophus
189:Family:
160:Mammalia
150:Chordata
146:Phylum:
140:Animalia
126:Domain:
103:IUCN 3.1
73:Both in
42:– Recent
9356:1133192
9343:9308450
9136:1005908
9071:2433458
8967:Q379732
8801:M. furo
8746:Mustela
8695:Neogale
8542:Enhydra
8416:Ictonyx
8375:Vormela
8332:G. cuja
8259:Sable (
8166:G. gulo
8131:Pekania
8116:Tayra (
7913:Melinae
7725:Nasuina
7617:Procyon
6973:Phocini
6612:(seals)
6547:(seals)
6439:Ursinae
6381:(bears)
6376:Ursidae
6252:Dhole (
6042:(zorro)
5916:V. cana
5826:Vulpini
5794:Urocyon
5778:Canidae
5570:U. urva
5074:Fossa (
4994:Crocuta
4676:Genetta
4573:Viverra
4114:lineage
4036:lineage
4005:L. lynx
3861:Caracal
3835:lineage
3833:Caracal
3765:lineage
3763:Bay cat
3749:Felinae
3710:P. onca
3699:Tiger (
3619:Felidae
3489:Class:
3468:species
3464:Extant
3321:kgw.com
3296:kgw.com
2612:5916951
2592:Bibcode
2583:Science
2453:3303858
2430:Bibcode
2171:Bibcode
1920:Bibcode
1882:1604834
1669:3694112
1488:Bibcode
1393:2072946
1143:El Niño
1021:by the
957:stimuli
858:blubber
762:dogfish
758:lamprey
750:herring
746:anchovy
718:seafood
678:wharves
674:marinas
641:and at
609:, from
588:Ecology
527:molting
463:lophus,
330:wharves
326:marinas
245:, 1828)
199:Genus:
166:Order:
156:Class:
101: (
9289:255003
9224:255003
9110:180621
9058:ZALOCA
9004:ARKive
8491:Lontra
8179:Martes
7454:Mydaus
7348:skunks
6312:Wolf (
6192:Canina
6022:Canini
5886:Vulpes
5782:(dogs)
5323:Mungos
4637:Poiana
3719:P. leo
3717:Lion (
3623:(cats)
3060:23 May
3034:9 June
2853:30 May
2813:
2805:
2672:
2664:
2618:
2610:
2527:
2497:
2460:
2450:
2355:
2326:
2298:23 May
2261:23 May
2206:23 May
2134:
2077:3 July
2049:23 May
1991:
1983:
1888:
1880:
1725:
1717:
1667:
1619:
1587:
1539:
1514:
1506:
1449:
1441:
1400:
1390:
1376:: 20.
1341:
1273:
1045:Status
809:sharks
784:, and
772:, and
764:, and
734:salmon
615:Mexico
523:pelage
492:. The
397:Oregon
387:. The
306:Mexico
269:
262:
243:Lesson
71:Female
9330:4B23G
9284:WoRMS
9276:18765
9263:69419
9250:96087
9237:95364
9211:79917
9156:NAS:
9123:41666
9092:IRMNG
9084:41740
9045:5CV54
9032:83171
8640:Aonyx
8583:Lutra
7973:Meles
7743:Nasua
7018:Phoca
6475:Ursus
6267:Canis
5894:foxes
4204:Felis
2997:(PDF)
2986:(PDF)
2969:(PDF)
2952:(PDF)
2847:(PDF)
2832:(PDF)
2811:S2CID
2733:(PDF)
2710:(PDF)
2681:(PDF)
2670:S2CID
2642:(PDF)
2616:S2CID
2495:S2CID
2292:(PDF)
2285:(PDF)
2238:(PDF)
1989:S2CID
1939:(PDF)
1908:(PDF)
1886:S2CID
1804:(PDF)
1789:(PDF)
1723:S2CID
1691:(PDF)
1641:(PDF)
1581:90–93
1512:S2CID
1476:(PDF)
1447:S2CID
1337:–75.
1107:bombs
1078:, by
1035:clamp
811:. At
805:orcas
730:clams
722:squid
682:buoys
354:barks
334:orcas
177:Clade
57:Male
9351:ITIS
9338:GBIF
9219:OBIS
9193:NOAA
9185:9704
9180:NCBI
9159:1091
9118:IUCN
9105:ITIS
9066:GBIF
9053:EPPO
9027:BOLD
9019:2248
8155:Gulo
7051:Pusa
5496:Urva
4086:Puma
4034:Puma
3985:Lynx
3278:2013
3245:2019
3219:2015
3189:2015
3168:2015
3142:2013
3115:2013
3092:2013
3062:2012
3036:2012
3024:KATU
3005:2013
2935:2013
2909:2013
2883:2010
2855:2012
2838:and
2803:PMID
2768:2013
2662:ISSN
2608:PMID
2525:ISBN
2458:PMID
2353:ISBN
2324:ISBN
2300:2012
2263:2012
2227:and
2208:2012
2132:ISBN
2101:2007
2079:2012
2051:2012
1981:PMID
1963:)".
1878:PMID
1858:)".
1744:)".
1715:PMID
1665:PMID
1617:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1504:ISSN
1439:PMID
1398:PMID
1339:ISBN
1321:and
1271:ISBN
1248:2021
1231:2015
1141:and
1113:and
1086:and
1063:IUCN
1061:The
1039:PETA
1010:and
1001:and
918:bark
854:fast
738:hake
726:fish
724:and
542:drag
399:and
379:and
373:zoos
362:molt
336:and
328:and
278:The
9325:CoL
9271:TSA
9144:MSW
9131:MDD
9040:CoL
8991:ADW
2795:doi
2791:127
2722:doi
2718:106
2654:doi
2600:doi
2588:154
2563:doi
2551:".
2487:doi
2448:PMC
2438:doi
2386:doi
2252:doi
2248:103
2179:doi
2128:168
1973:doi
1969:197
1928:doi
1870:doi
1837:doi
1756:doi
1752:178
1705:doi
1701:206
1655:doi
1651:131
1496:doi
1484:156
1431:doi
1388:PMC
1378:doi
1335:170
1235:doi
1088:PCB
1084:DDT
880:lek
574:kHz
427:by
9375::
9353::
9340::
9327::
9312::
9286::
9273::
9260::
9247::
9234::
9221::
9208::
9195::
9182::
9169::
9146::
9133::
9120::
9107::
9094::
9081::
9068::
9055::
9042::
9029::
9006::
8993::
8978::
8963::
3319:.
3294:.
3264:.
3247:.
3236:.
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3078:.
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2988:.
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2872:.
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1967:.
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