58:
117:; as well as organizations including churches, literary societies, and social groups from across the state. The goal of these events included the abolishment of slavery, the right to Black testimony, to gain voting rights for Black men, and Black access to public education and
577:
The Negro Trail
Blazers of California: A Compilation of Records from the California Archives in the Bancroft Library at the University of California, in Berkeley; and from the Diaries, Old Papers, and Conversations of Old Pioneers in the State of California
169:
135:
138:(St. Andrews A.M.E. Church) in Sacramento. The event had 49 delegates that represented 10 counties (out of 27 total counties). In the mid-1850s after the first CSCC, Jonas H. Townsend and Mifflin Wistar Gibbs founded the
184:
The CCSCC event held on
December 11–?, 1865 in Sacramento came to a resolution to tax each Black person in order to support and fund Black education, and at the time there was only one
652:"Proceedings of the First State Convention of the Colored Citizens of the State of California. Held at Sacramento Nov. 20th 21st, and 22d, in the Colored Methodist Chuch [sic]"
1016:
144:, an African American weekly newspaper in San Francisco; which was financially supported by the CSCC. Edward Duplex served as a delegate from Yuba County for the first event.
1021:
1026:
246:
801:"Proceedings of the Second Annual Convention of the Colored Citizens of the State of California, Held in the City of Sacramento, Dec. 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, 1856"
1046:
1041:
241:
1036:
118:
686:
422:
901:
871:
635:
558:
503:
455:
375:
152:
The second CSCCC event was held on
December 9–12, 1865 at the same St. Andrews A.M.E. Church in Sacramento. The 1865 event was shaped by the
160:
repeal of
California’s testimony ban in 1863. Edward Duplex served as the state executive committee member during the second event.
236:
57:
1011:
447:
74:
1031:
90:
286:""This Crisis of Our History": The Colored Conventions Movement and the Temporal Construction of Southern Politics"
173:
98:
627:
691:
114:
110:
531:. State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, Office of Historic Preservation. 1988. p. 78.
939:
806:
657:
550:
From Labor to Reward: Black Church
Beginnings in San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, and Richmond, 1849-1972
397:
189:
893:
Blacks in the
American West and Beyond--America, Canada, and Mexico: A Selectively Annotated Bibliography
252:
193:
106:
94:
823:"Friends in Time of Need: Republicans and Black Civil Rights in California during the Civil War Era"
336:
966:
140:
992:
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842:
782:
735:
662:
315:
153:
592:
897:
867:
834:
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727:
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554:
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451:
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conventions that took place in the mid-19th century in many states across the United States.
766:
719:
495:
491:
297:
185:
157:
78:
391:
687:"Proceedings of the California State Convention of Colored Citizens, held in Sacramento"
482:
443:
The Making of "Mammy
Pleasant": A Black Entrepreneur in Nineteenth-century San Francisco
800:
651:
1005:
319:
102:
461:
623:
In Search of the Racial
Frontier: African Americans in the American West 1528-1990
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891:
861:
621:
575:
548:
526:
441:
365:
302:
285:
48:
838:
778:
731:
311:
423:"The Conventions of Colored Citizens of the State of California (1855-1865)"
61:
Site of the first CSCC, Saint
Andrews A.M.E. Church (c. 1926), Sacramento
846:
822:
739:
707:
786:
754:
723:
226:
1902 State
Convention of the California Afro-American League, Oakland
770:
77:
events active from 1855 to 1902. The convention was one of several
56:
220:
1880 California State Convention of Colored People, San Francisco
211:
1857 California State Convention of Colored People, San Francisco
217:
1865 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, Sacramento
208:
1856 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, Sacramento
205:
1855 California State Convention of Colored Citizens, Sacramento
156:
ending and the political issues in the state including Governor
994:
Proceedings of the Colored Citizens of the State of California
28:
November 20, 1855 – December 31, 1902
16:
Series of colored convention events in California (1855–1889)
223:
1889 State Convention of the California Afro-American League
214:
1863 California State Convention of Colored People, San Jose
708:"The Black Press in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1856-1900"
134:
The first CSCCC event was held on November 20–22, 1855 at
695:. Vol. 1, no. 32. November 10, 1865. p. 3.
168:
The third CSCCC event was held on October 13–?, 1857 at
997:. Sacramento, CA: Democratic State Journal Print. 1855.
920:
A Survey of the Negro Convention Movement, 1830-1861
863:
Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West
43:
24:
923:. Tsinghua University Press Co., Ltd. p. 297.
481:
89:These events were composed of individuals such as
247:Pennsylvania State Equal Rights League Convention
170:St. Cyprian's African Methodist Episcopal Church
136:Saint Andrews African Methodist Episcopal Church
192:(opened in 1861) in San Jose, California. Rev.
67:California State Convention of Colored Citizens
20:California State Convention of Colored Citizens
1017:Abolitionist conventions in the United States
242:New York State Convention of Colored Citizens
8:
19:
896:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 259.
553:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 5–6.
188:in the state accepting Black students, the
866:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 40.
581:R. and E. Research Associates. p. 62.
421:Ruffin II, Herbert G. (February 4, 2009).
18:
301:
290:Studies in American Political Development
1027:History of African-American civil rights
279:
277:
275:
273:
271:
269:
1022:African Americans' rights organizations
265:
172:in San Francisco, a church led by Rev.
1047:African-American history of California
860:Carter, Jennie; Gardner, Eric (2007).
661:. Samuel May Anti-Slavery Collection,
488:Oxford African American Studies Center
370:. Yale University Press. p. 160.
885:
883:
681:
679:
615:
613:
496:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.36744
7:
1042:1902 disestablishments in California
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196:had helped organize the 1865 event.
755:"Negroes in California, 1849-1859"
574:Beasley, Delilah Leontium (1919).
14:
1037:1855 establishments in California
547:Taylor, Martha C. (2016-06-24).
620:Taylor, Quintard (1999-05-17).
364:Lapp, Rudolph M. (1977-01-01).
237:African Americans in California
706:Snorgrass, J. William (1981).
480:Gardner, Eric (May 31, 2013).
367:Blacks in Gold Rush California
284:Herron, Paul E. (April 2022).
1:
805:Colored Conventions Project,
656:Colored Conventions Project,
396:Colored Conventions Project,
917:Bell, Howard Holman (1953).
821:Chandler, Robert J. (1982).
448:University of Illinois Press
597:Oroville Daily Butte Record
440:Hudson, Lynn Maria (2003).
1063:
628:W. W. Norton & Company
174:Thomas Marcus Decatur Ward
99:Thomas Marcus Decatur Ward
890:Junne, George H. (2000).
303:10.1017/S0898588X21000122
753:Bell, Howard H. (1967).
337:"Afro-Americans to Meet"
115:Jeremiah Burke Sanderson
111:George Washington Dennis
970:. 1880-10-21. p. 6
943:. 1880-10-16. p. 4
599:. 1857-10-15. p. 2
343:. 1902-08-08. p. 7
341:San Francisco Chronicle
940:Mendocino Coast Beacon
807:University of Delaware
658:University of Delaware
398:University of Delaware
190:Phoenixonian Institute
62:
962:"San Francisco Items"
935:"San Francisco Items"
119:public accommodations
60:
827:Arizona and the West
253:Sweet Vengeance Mine
194:Peter William Cassey
107:Peter William Cassey
95:Mifflin Wistar Gibbs
1012:Colored Conventions
967:Cloverdale Reveille
593:"Broke up in a Row"
483:"Duplex, Edward P."
392:"State Conventions"
141:Mirror of the Times
21:
1032:1855 in California
712:California History
663:Cornell University
630:. pp. 90–92.
164:1857 San Francisco
154:American Civil War
75:colored convention
73:) was a series of
63:
903:978-0-313-31208-3
873:978-1-60473-313-6
637:978-0-393-31889-0
560:978-1-4982-3281-4
505:978-0-19-530173-1
457:978-0-252-02771-0
377:978-0-300-06545-9
158:Leland Stanford's
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833:(4): 319–340.
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972:. Retrieved
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667:. Retrieved
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462:Google Books
460:– via
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340:
296:(1): 21–40.
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91:Peter Lester
88:
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66:
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85:Description
1006:Categories
974:2023-01-13
947:2023-01-13
669:2023-01-13
603:2023-01-13
528:Five Views
347:2023-01-13
260:References
49:California
36:1902-12-31
32:1855-11-20
839:0004-1408
779:0031-8906
732:0162-2897
427:BlackPast
320:246985506
312:0898-588X
847:40169219
740:25158067
231:See also
44:Location
34: –
810:. 1856.
125:History
30: (
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870:
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787:273555
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777:
759:Phylon
738:
730:
665:. 1855
634:
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374:
318:
310:
113:, and
51:, U.S.
843:JSTOR
783:JSTOR
736:JSTOR
316:S2CID
71:CSCCC
898:ISBN
868:ISBN
835:ISSN
775:ISSN
728:ISSN
632:ISBN
555:ISBN
500:ISBN
452:ISBN
372:ISBN
308:ISSN
65:The
25:Date
767:doi
720:doi
578:...
492:doi
298:doi
101:,
1008::
964:.
937:.
882:^
841:.
831:24
829:.
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803:.
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121:.
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69:(
38:)
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