40:
1145:
960:
55:
661:
1167:, which only allows the amount of dry material in the forest to build up, resulting eventually in massive fires. However, in many chaparral regions such as the Santa Monica Mountains, increased fire frequency is the larger concern because fire return intervals in mature chaparral communities should be 30–150 years, unlike much of the region which often has return intervals of 20 years or less.
1298:
451:
406:, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Almost all of the daily maximum temperatures lie between 16 and 27 °C (61 and 81 °F). Mean annual precipitation is generally below 12 inches (300 mm), although can be as high as 26 inches (660 mm) in the
1155:
This attractive coastline is highly vulnerable to urban, recreational, and agricultural development and only 15% of original habitat is intact. Habitats are vulnerable to livestock grazing, which has removed much native vegetation on the
Channel Islands, such as
1610:
Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C.; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor (2017-06-01).
107:
951:
throughout the ecoregion. Habitats of this hot, dry coast must survive and revive following the regular forest fires, and the dominant plant species have adapted to recover from fires.
523:
Cacti and succulents can be found in the southern areas of this coastal ecoregion in Baja
California. Examples of succulents in this ecoregion include: Shaw's agave (
1207:
331:
ecoregion. The ecoregion corresponds to the USDA Southern
California ecoregion section 261B, and to the EPA Southern California/Northern Baja Coast ecoregion 8.
1279:
975:
1302:
1372:
1718:
1698:
301:
84:
339:
The
California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion covers about 12,730 square miles (32,970 km) of coastal terraces, plains, and foothills between
102:
1708:
1500:
1484:
1227:
39:
1144:
1247:
827:
669:
328:
1560:
1703:
1585:
1171:
1149:
234:
1113:
959:
216:
208:
682:
occurs in moist areas usually up to 4,900 feet (1,500 m). These woodlands include oak species, such as coast live oak (
864:
are mostly covered in coastal sage and chamise chaparral with some oak woodland including endemic and/or rare: buckwheats (
1713:
1203:
1133:
1060:
butterflies among the 200 butterfly species found here. Vernal pools in the ecoregion are home to
Riverside fairy shrimp (
861:
835:
364:
251:
1728:
1723:
1274:
45:
1202:
A 2017 assessment found that 1,925 km, or 6%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include
720:
431:
1376:
1330:
1284:
1191:
1101:
is a small bird, endemic to this coastal ecoregion, which has been protected as its habitat is now designated an
612:
458:
387:
340:
54:
1062:
756:
590:
Higher up from the shoreline, above an elevation of 1,000 feet (300 m), the slopes are densely covered in
566:
17:
1425:
844:), which only occurs in four stands near the Mexican border of California. The Tecate Cypress only occurs in
1239:
1215:
679:
648:
596:
391:
1524:
1545:
Castellanos, A. V.; Mendoza, S. R. (1991). "Aspectos
SocioeconĂłmicos". In Ortega, A.; Arriaga, L. (eds.).
1235:
1175:
1098:
968:
799:
711:
707:
636:
578:
516:
407:
360:
356:
97:
1211:
1194:. Additional patches of coastal sage scrub exist in Southern California in the Angeles National Forest.
630:
624:
618:
403:
1549:(in Spanish). Vol. 4. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas de Baja California Sur. pp. 35–52.
917:. There are more than 30 wildflower species that are endemic to the pools in this ecoregion, including
1016:
1012:
919:
805:
474:
469:
1129:
1102:
1083:
1024:
702:
696:
690:
660:
510:
504:
480:
379:
308:
67:
1243:
1219:
1107:
899:
872:
840:
531:
498:
492:
454:
427:
564:
Some of the endemic plants to the ecoregion's southern coast zone include: San Diego thornmint (
422:
The plant species of the
California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion are diverse, with high
1650:
1632:
1480:
1258:
1179:
1157:
1057:
1040:
938:
914:
813:
775:
762:
732:
727:
684:
411:
383:
352:
348:
196:
980:
The coastal sage and chaparral of
California are home to a variety of small mammals, such as
1669:"Conservación de islas | Prevenir extinciones y proteger a las especies y hábitat insulares"
1640:
1624:
1393:
1262:
1254:
1231:
1087:
1028:
1020:
934:
750:
738:
642:
486:
368:
293:
1564:
1091:
925:
894:
In and around these different habitats, this diverse ecoregion also contains 'patches' of
781:
744:
572:
462:
344:
320:
212:
200:
178:
773:
dominate above 6,000 feet (1,800 m). These include species such as the sugar pine (
1645:
1612:
1121:
985:
793:
787:
715:
634:) is commonplace throughout the climate zone. Other species include mountain mahogany (
112:
72:
1692:
1474:
1223:
1053:
993:
536:
372:
316:
224:
220:
162:
27:
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregion in Mexico and the United States
1668:
1265:
are protected within the Baja
California Pacific Islands Marine Conservation Area.
1187:
1183:
1164:
1032:
989:
948:
525:
204:
1547:
La
Reserva de la Biosfera "El VizcaĂno" en la Peninsula de Baja California. MĂ©xico
1111:) of the oak woodland, and the coastal populations of the protected cactus wren (
1125:
1048:
910:
883:
822:
817:
665:
1479:. California natural history guides. Berkeley: University of California Press.
981:
439:
312:
261:
183:
1636:
1628:
1075:
895:
866:
831:
673:
607:
602:
591:
304:
1654:
1297:
1036:
1001:
944:
906:
845:
423:
1079:
878:
770:
557:
545:
450:
435:
1613:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
1338:
1005:
997:
964:
849:
324:
157:
730:
up to 5,000 feet (1,500 m) are dominated by western sycamore (
1143:
958:
551:
449:
79:
1105:. Other birds found here are the endemic Nutall's woodpecker (
438:, southern oak woodland, pine forests, riparian woodland, and
1046:
Invertebrates of note include the cheese-weed moth lacewing (
700:). Associated species include the California black walnut (
1027:. Resident snake species include large carnivores such as
378:
Major urban centers located within this ecoregion include
937:(and also 800 mi or 1,300 km away in the
278:
270:
260:
250:
245:
230:
192:
171:
150:
142:
137:
129:
121:
108:
Sierra Juárez and San Pedro Mártir pine–oak forests
90:
78:
66:
61:
32:
754:. Riparian understory contains California laurel (
826:), which is only native to the coastal bluffs in
1563:. California Chaparral Institute. Archived from
1525:"California Orcutt grass (Orcuttia californica)"
1373:"California coastal sage and chaparral (NA1201)"
1590:Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
1208:Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
933:is only found in the ephemeral wetlands of the
347:. This includes the southwestern slopes of the
18:California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion
1501:"Southern California Oak Woodland and Savanna"
1399:. USGS. 2016. USGS Open-File Report 2016-1021.
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1280:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1253:In Baja California, the chaparral ecology of
976:Wildlife of the Channel Islands of California
8:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1160:where sheep were grazed for over 100 years.
898:with native or introduced grass species and
1170:There are patches of coastal sage scrub in
302:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
85:Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
468:Prominent coast adjacent species include:
103:California montane chaparral and woodlands
1644:
1232:Ballona Wetlands State Ecological Reserve
838:. Another example is the Tecate Cypress (
1388:
1386:
659:
298:Salvia y chaparral costero de California
1426:"California Coastal Sage and Chaparral"
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1120:Important Bird Areas in Mexico include
146:32,970 km (12,730 sq mi)
1023:, and the San Diego subspecies of the
923:grass. One subspecies of meadow-foam,
29:
1375:. World Wildlife Fund. Archived from
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1303:California coastal sage and chaparral
1228:Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park
882:species restricted to these islands.
812:Some endemic tree species mark niche
736:) and various willow species such as
457:growing on steep coastal slopes near
290:California coastal sage and chaparral
33:California coastal sage and chaparral
7:
1074:Typical birds of the region include
1148:Restored patch of coastal scrub at
1719:Natural history of Baja California
1699:California chaparral and woodlands
1331:"The Atlas of Global Conservation"
1248:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
828:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
670:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
329:California chaparral and woodlands
25:
426:. The main plant communities are
1296:
1172:Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
1150:Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
870:spp.), oaks (such as island oak—
53:
38:
1709:Plant communities of California
1476:A natural history of California
1163:Another threat, ironically, is
1114:Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
576:) and San Diego barrel cactus (
1527:. US Fish and Wildlife Service
886:also occurs on these islands.
44:Coastal sage and chaparral of
1:
1473:Schoenherr, Allan A. (1992).
1204:Channel Islands National Park
967:roaming the foothills of the
706:) on some north faces of the
514:), and California buckwheat (
1275:List of ecoregions in Mexico
327:). It is part of the larger
46:Santa Clarita Woodlands Park
1586:"Mean Fire Return Interval"
1561:"Wildfire in the Chaparral"
543:), and other prickly pear (
1745:
1394:"Ecoregions of California"
1134:Sierra de San Pedro Mártir
1086:. Predatory birds include
973:
816:. One example is the rare
721:Toxicodendron diversilobum
594:shrubs, such as: chamise (
484:), along with black sage (
432:California coastal prairie
311:, located in southwestern
1285:Southern California Bight
1192:Orange County, California
613:Arctostaphylos glandulosa
600:), and California lilac (
341:Santa Barbara, California
52:
37:
1704:Ecoregions of California
1140:Threats and preservation
1063:Streptocephalus woottoni
1011:Lizards of note include
947:are part of the natural
797:), Bigcone Douglas-fir (
757:Umbellularia californica
694:), and Engelmann's oak (
567:Acanthomintha ilicifolia
1592:. National Park Service
1240:Crystal Cove State Park
1216:Malibu Creek State Park
834:, and off the coast on
760:) and Pacific madrone (
680:California oak woodland
649:Adenostoma sparsifolium
597:Adenostoma fasciculatum
570:), San Diego ambrosia (
1236:Chino Hills State Park
1176:Santa Monica Mountains
1152:
1099:California gnatcatcher
971:
969:Santa Monica Mountains
803:), and incense cedar (
800:Pseudotsuga macrocarpa
712:Santa Susana Mountains
708:Santa Monica Mountains
676:
637:Cercocarpus betuloides
579:Ferocactus viridescens
517:Eriogonum fasciculatum
502:), bush monkeyflower (
465:
408:Santa Monica Mountains
361:Santa Monica Mountains
355:, the entirety of the
297:
98:Baja California desert
1629:10.1093/biosci/bix014
1212:Point Mugu State Park
1147:
1017:western fence lizards
1013:side-blotched lizards
962:
663:
640:), silk-tassel bush (
631:Hesperoyucca whipplei
628:) . Chaparral yucca (
625:Arctostaphylos patula
619:Arctostaphylos glauca
475:Artemisia californica
453:
410:and hills around the
1714:Ecoregions of Mexico
1505:NatureServe Explorer
1305:at Wikimedia Commons
1084:rufous-sided towhees
1041:western rattlesnakes
992:. Predators include
920:Orcuttia californica
806:Calocedrus decurrens
688:), canyon live oak (
541:Bergerocactus emoryi
529:), coastal dudleya (
470:California sagebrush
1729:Sclerophyll forests
1724:Nearctic ecoregions
1103:Important Bird Area
1025:coast horned lizard
779:), ponderosa pine (
703:Juglans californica
697:Quercus engelmannii
691:Quercus chrysolepis
646:), and ribbonwood (
511:Mimulus aurantiacus
505:Mimulus longiflorus
481:Encelia californica
478:) and brittlebush (
380:Greater Los Angeles
319:) and northwestern
309:World Wildlife Fund
256:Critical/Endangered
252:Conservation status
1244:Santa Rosa Plateau
1220:Topanga State Park
1153:
1108:Picoides nuttallii
972:
915:ecological islands
900:serpentine barrens
873:Quercus tomentella
848:soils eroded from
841:Cupressus forbesii
814:ecological islands
728:Riparian woodlands
718:; and poison oak (
677:
664:Coastal scrub and
532:Dudleya caespitosa
499:Salvia clevelandii
493:Salvia leucophylla
466:
428:coastal sage scrub
1486:978-0-520-06921-3
1301:Media related to
1259:Isla Todos Santos
1180:San Joaquin Hills
1088:great horned owls
1058:Quino checkerspot
1029:common kingsnakes
1021:sagebrush lizards
939:Klamath Mountains
836:Santa Rosa Island
791:), Coulter pine (
785:), Jeffrey pine (
776:Pinus lambertiana
763:Arbutus menziesii
733:Platanus racemosa
685:Quercus agrifolia
436:chamise chaparral
412:Los Angeles Basin
384:San Diego-Tijuana
353:Peninsular Ranges
343:and northeastern
307:, defined by the
286:
285:
217:Santa Clara River
209:San Gabriel River
197:Los Angeles River
16:(Redirected from
1736:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1673:www.islas.org.mx
1665:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1470:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1422:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1337:. Archived from
1327:
1300:
1263:Coronado Islands
1255:Guadalupe Island
1130:Sierra de Juárez
1092:red-tailed hawks
935:Laguna Mountains
751:Salix lasiolepis
739:Salix gooddingii
643:Garrya fremontii
490:), purple sage (
487:Salvia mellifera
369:Guadalupe Island
57:
42:
30:
21:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1472:
1471:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1312:
1293:
1271:
1200:
1198:Protected areas
1142:
1128:, and parts of
1072:
986:desert woodrats
978:
957:
926:Limnanthes alba
892:
862:Channel Islands
858:
856:Channel Islands
823:Pinus torreyana
782:Pinus ponderosa
745:Salix laevigata
658:
588:
573:Ambrosia pumila
463:Baja California
448:
420:
402:The climate is
400:
365:Channel Islands
345:Baja California
337:
321:Baja California
213:Santa Ana River
201:San Diego River
188:
179:Baja California
167:
117:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1660:
1623:(6): 534–545.
1602:
1577:
1552:
1537:
1516:
1492:
1485:
1438:
1402:
1382:
1379:on 2011-10-03.
1351:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1292:
1291:External links
1289:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1199:
1196:
1141:
1138:
1122:Isla Guadalupe
1071:
1068:
1052:species). The
994:mountain lions
956:
953:
891:
890:Other habitats
888:
857:
854:
794:Pinus coulteri
788:Pinus jeffreyi
716:San Jose Hills
657:
654:
587:
584:
447:
444:
419:
416:
399:
396:
336:
333:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
272:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
254:
248:
247:
243:
242:
232:
228:
227:
194:
190:
189:
187:
186:
181:
175:
173:
169:
168:
166:
165:
160:
154:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
135:
134:
131:
130:Mammal species
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
116:
115:
113:Sonoran Desert
110:
105:
100:
94:
92:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
50:
49:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1741:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1603:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1567:on 2016-07-31
1566:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1341:on 2012-03-05
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1246:Reserve, and
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:Griffith Park
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1054:Hermes copper
1051:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:gopher snakes
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:desert shrews
987:
983:
977:
970:
966:
961:
954:
952:
950:
946:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
927:
922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
889:
887:
885:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
855:
853:
851:
847:
843:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
815:
810:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
783:
778:
777:
772:
767:
765:
764:
759:
758:
753:
752:
747:
746:
741:
740:
735:
734:
729:
725:
723:
722:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
699:
698:
693:
692:
687:
686:
681:
675:
671:
667:
662:
655:
653:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
626:
621:
620:
615:
614:
609:
605:
604:
599:
598:
593:
585:
583:
581:
580:
575:
574:
569:
568:
562:
560:
559:
554:
553:
548:
547:
542:
538:
537:golden cereus
534:
533:
528:
527:
521:
519:
518:
513:
512:
507:
506:
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
471:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:Mediterranean
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
373:Cedros Island
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
334:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:United States
314:
310:
306:
303:
299:
295:
291:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
263:
259:
255:
253:
249:
244:
240:
236:
235:Mediterranean
233:
229:
226:
225:Ventura River
222:
221:Tijuana River
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
195:
191:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
174:
170:
164:
163:United States
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
93:
89:
86:
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:
65:
60:
56:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:
1663:
1620:
1616:
1605:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1580:
1569:. Retrieved
1565:the original
1555:
1546:
1540:
1529:. Retrieved
1519:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1475:
1430:. Retrieved
1377:the original
1343:. Retrieved
1339:the original
1335:maps.tnc.org
1334:
1252:
1201:
1188:Irvine Ranch
1184:Laguna Beach
1169:
1165:fire control
1162:
1154:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1096:
1073:
1061:
1047:
1045:
1010:
979:
949:fire ecology
943:
930:
924:
918:
911:vernal pools
904:
893:
877:
871:
865:
859:
839:
821:
811:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
726:
719:
701:
695:
689:
683:
678:
666:torrey pines
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
601:
595:
589:
577:
571:
565:
563:
556:
550:
544:
540:
530:
526:Agave shawii
524:
522:
515:
509:
503:
497:
491:
485:
479:
473:
467:
440:salt marshes
421:
401:
377:
357:Santa Susana
338:
289:
287:
271:Habitat loss
246:Conservation
238:
231:Climate type
205:Malibu Creek
122:Bird species
1428:. One Earth
1126:Isla Cedros
1049:Chrysoperla
884:Bishop pine
818:Torrey pine
1693:Categories
1678:2022-05-01
1617:BioScience
1596:2016-07-30
1571:2016-07-30
1531:2024-04-13
1510:2024-04-28
1432:2024-04-12
1345:2020-11-16
1310:References
1261:, and the
1186:, and the
1158:Santa Cruz
1076:scrub jays
1002:grey foxes
974:See also:
909:, such as
896:grasslands
714:, and the
606:spp.) and
455:Sea dahlia
349:Transverse
313:California
262:Global 200
184:California
1637:0006-3568
1037:rosy boas
982:deer mice
945:Wildfires
905:Seasonal
867:Eriogonum
832:San Diego
769:Mountain
674:San Diego
608:manzanita
603:Ceanothus
592:chaparral
561:species.
335:Geography
305:ecoregion
279:Protected
151:Countries
138:Geography
1655:28608869
1269:See also
1080:wrentits
931:parishii
907:wetlands
846:alkaline
771:conifers
459:Ensenada
424:endemism
388:Ensenada
73:Nearctic
1646:5451287
1006:bobcats
998:coyotes
913:, form
879:Dudleya
876:), and
668:in the
558:Dudleya
546:Opuntia
398:Climate
300:) is a
294:Spanish
91:Borders
62:Ecology
1653:
1643:
1635:
1483:
1242:, the
1178:, the
1174:, the
1082:, and
1039:, and
1004:, and
988:, and
965:bobcat
850:gabbro
748:, and
622:, and
586:Slopes
392:Tecate
390:, and
371:, and
363:, the
325:Mexico
193:Rivers
172:States
158:Mexico
1397:(PDF)
1182:near
1070:Birds
955:Fauna
929:ssp.
830:near
656:Trees
552:Yucca
446:Coast
418:Flora
282:17.8%
274:18.5%
80:Biome
68:Realm
1651:PMID
1633:ISSN
1481:ISBN
1132:and
1124:and
1097:The
1090:and
1056:and
860:The
809:).
555:and
359:and
351:and
288:The
143:Area
1641:PMC
1625:doi
1190:in
1117:).
1066:).
941:).
766:).
724:).
582:).
549:),
535:),
520:).
508:or
496:or
266:Yes
239:Csa
125:291
1695::
1671:.
1649:.
1639:.
1631:.
1621:67
1619:.
1615:.
1588:.
1503:.
1441:^
1405:^
1385:^
1354:^
1333:.
1318:^
1257:,
1250:.
1238:,
1234:,
1230:,
1226:,
1222:,
1218:,
1214:,
1210:,
1206:,
1136:.
1094:.
1078:,
1043:.
1035:,
1031:,
1019:,
1015:,
1008:.
1000:,
996:,
984:,
963:A
902:.
852:.
742:,
710:,
672:,
652:)
616:,
461:,
442:.
434:,
430:,
414:.
394:.
386:,
382:,
375:.
367:,
296::
223:,
219:,
215:,
211:,
207:,
203:,
199:,
133:74
1681:.
1657:.
1627::
1599:.
1574:.
1534:.
1513:.
1489:.
1435:.
1348:.
820:(
610:(
539:(
472:(
323:(
315:(
292:(
241:)
237:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
