2156:. Seeds are soaked in water for 12 hours followed by chilling at 1 °C for one to three months. It can also sprout from roots and/or stems. Seeds are stored in plant litter in large quantities. It is estimated that there are about two million seeds per acre in forest habitats. Seeds are dispersed propulsively from capsules and, it has been estimated, can remain viable for hundreds of years. In habitat, the seeds of plants in this genus germinate only in response to range fires and forest fires.
67:
1943:
1826:
44:
348:
1914:
1971:. However, the leaves are not as nutritious from late spring to early fall as they are in early spring. Porcupines and quail have also been seen eating stems and seeds of these shrubs. The leaves are a good source of protein and the stems and leaves have been found to contain a high amount of calcium.
1924:
Plants in this genus are widely distributed and can be found on dry, sunny hillsides from coastal scrub lands to open forest clearings, from near sea level to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) in elevation. These plants are profusely distributed throughout the Rocky
Mountains from British Columbia south
1897:
The flowers are tiny and fragrant and produced in large, dense clusters. A few species are reported to be so intensely fragrant they are almost nauseating, and are said to resemble the odor of "boiling honey in an enclosed area". The seeds of this plant can lie dormant for hundreds of years, and
324:. The former clade is less drought-resistant, having bigger leaves. The evolution of these two clades likely started with a divergence in the niches filled in local communities, rather than a divergence on the basis of geography.
335:, as its leaves were used as a black tea substitute during the American Revolution. In garden use, most are simply called by their scientific names or an adaptation of the scientific name, such as 'Maritime ceanothus' for
1933:
is perhaps the most widespread member of this genus, occurring through much of western North
America. The plants in this genus often co-occur with one another, especially when they are more distantly related.
331:
are commonly known collectively as
California lilacs, with individual species having more descriptive common names. Species native elsewhere have other common names such as New Jersey tea for
3426:
3465:
1873:
The leaves have a shiny upper surface that feels "gummy" when pinched between the thumb and forefinger, and the roots of most species have red inner root bark.
2347:
3374:
3113:
1882:
3624:
3439:
3387:
3143:
2513:
3527:
3158:
2402:
2497:
1854:. The leaves are opposite or alternate (depending on species), small (typically 1–5 cm long), simple, and mostly with serrated margins.
3619:
2362:
1894:
The flowers are white, greenish–white, blue, dark purple-blue, pale purple or pink, maturing into a dry, three-lobed seed capsule.
2668:
2164:
Native
Americans used the dried leaves of this plant as an herbal tea, and early pioneers used the plant as a substitute for black tea.
3614:
2541:
Ackerly, D. D.; Schwilk, D. W.; Webb, C. O. (2006). "Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: Testing the order of trait divergence".
2265:
2704:
2470:
3629:
2436:
3413:
1968:
3444:
2683:
Native Shrubs of the Sierra Nevada, John Hunter Thomas, Dennis R. Parnell, University of
California Press, 1974, p. 70–77,
3452:
2894:
3639:
2684:
3634:
3322:
3309:
2024:
3609:
3540:
2920:
2637:
66:
3470:
2641:
3545:
3084:
3058:
2198:
is the only genus not in the monophyletic tribe
Colletieae. This suggests that actinorhizal symbiosis may have
945:
765:
2946:
1238:
1083:
2554:
1303:
3028:
2153:
1249:
955:
871:
589:
358:
861:
611:
453:
3361:
3252:
3128:
2741:
2149:
2129:
1952:
1947:
1281:
797:
546:
475:
304:
256:
3327:
1217:
966:
3501:
3366:
2386:
2304:
2028:
1196:
1073:
1062:
1007:
850:
743:
412:
402:
392:
1029:
892:
3480:
3392:
2199:
1344:
1292:
1259:
1227:
1206:
1114:
1093:
1040:
976:
914:
672:
464:
422:
370:
308:, both native to California, can be small multi-trunked trees up to 6–7 metres (20–23 ft) tall.
286:
52:
3519:
3514:
3230:
2976:
2792:
2767:
2716:
1929:
1313:
1165:
1103:
1018:
881:
775:
754:
683:
621:
578:
567:
432:
292:
2868:
2585:
3604:
3576:
3532:
3002:
2622:
2406:
2184:
2117:
1886:
1830:
1270:
839:
808:
632:
600:
556:
486:
442:
381:
353:
298:
217:
187:
61:
3506:
2817:
2842:
2596:. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer): U.S.D.A; Forest Service
1925:
through
Colorado, the Cascades of Oregon and California, and the Coastal Ranges of California.
3488:
3431:
3335:
2700:
2566:
2558:
2493:
2466:
2366:
2141:
2123:
1154:
903:
786:
732:
535:
2662:
1870:. Alternate leaves may have either one or three main veins rising from the base of the leaf.
296:) extend as far south as Guatemala. Most are shrubs 0.5–3 metres (1.6–9.8 ft) tall, but
3493:
2550:
2020:
1988:
1984:
1881:
1867:
1051:
228:
1942:
2672:
2276:
1863:
273:
104:
3290:
2341:
2631:
1902:
species are typically dependent on forest fires to trigger germination of their seeds.
91:
2451:
Flowering Plants of the Santa Monica
Mountains, Nancy Dale, 2nd Ed., 2000, pp. 166–167
290:) are restricted to the eastern United States and southeast Canada, and others (e.g.,
3598:
2336:
281:
167:
1825:
43:
3581:
3340:
347:
268:
3301:
3314:
3188:
2487:
3457:
3400:
3284:
2245:
2209:
17:
3568:
3209:
232:
150:
3275:
2562:
3348:
2016:
1964:
1851:
1847:
3558:
2570:
3553:
3269:
1992:
117:
3379:
2229:
2204:
2189:
140:
1913:
3405:
2275:. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-02-10. Archived from
284:
with the highest diversity on the western coast. Some species (e.g.,
130:
3246:
3353:
2187:, meaning it fixes nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with
2165:
1941:
1912:
1880:
1835:
1824:
346:
220:
213:
78:
3418:
1834:, illustrating the three basal leaf veins characteristic of this
2340:
2145:
224:
3250:
1963:
Ceanothus is a good source of nutrition for deer, specifically
2699:
Edible and
Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford,
2011:
2168:
Indians of California make baskets from Ceanothus branches.
2172:
has been used by North American tribes to ease childbirth.
1850:, but the handful of species adapted to cold winters are
2555:
10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[50:NEAART]2.0.CO;2
2663:
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point Plant Database:
2417:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2536:
2534:
2722:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16
3259:
2465:. Western National Parks Association. p. 195.
2194:Six genera within Rhamnaceae are actinorhizal, but
1693:The status of the following hybrids is unresolved:
1361:The status of the following species is unresolved:
271:(371–287 BC) to an Old World plant believed to be
1995:have been selected, such as flexible ceanothus,
2010:
235:). Common names for members of this genus are
2514:"Largest Genera in Continental North America"
2115:There are also more cultivars and hybrids of
1357:Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
8:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2439:. Oregon State University Extension Service.
2351:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1689:Hybrid names with uncertain taxonomic status
1549:The following hybrids have been described:
364:As of December 2023, accepted species are:
316:There are two subgenera within this genus:
3247:
3159:San Marcos Growers Horticulture Database:
3129:San Marcos Growers Horticulture Database:
2695:
2693:
2691:
42:
31:
2463:Trees and Shrubs of the Southwest Uplands
2594:Fire Effects Information System (online)
2331:
2329:
1328:(Torr. & A.Gray) Piper & Beattie
2447:
2445:
2273:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2257:
3144:Marcos Growers Horticulture Database:
3114:Marcos Growers Horticulture Database:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2415:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2097:'Diamond Heights' (variegated leaves)
1088:D.O.Burge, Rebman, & M.R.Mulligan
7:
3481:8d1ce338-4be4-4d79-bdcf-41f3b68337fb
2086:Other cultivars available include:-
616:Villarreal, A.E.Estrada & Encina
2216:, converting atmospheric nitrogen (
1905:Fruits are hard, nutlike capsules.
3546:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30006383-2
25:
1862:Ceanothus leaves may be arranged
1846:The majority of the species are
427:Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
377:– New Jersey tea; red root
65:
1969:West Coast of the United States
1386:Douglas ex Knowles & Westc.
3625:Garden plants of North America
3131:Ceanothus griseus horizontalis
2124:Ceanothus griseus horizontalis
1866:to each other on the stem, or
1000:(Hook. & Arn.) C.L.Schmidt
1:
3231:"Nitrogen Fixation | Frankia"
2748:. Royal Horticultural Society
2314:. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew
3229:Vining, Susan (2020-02-26).
3208:Vining, Susan (2020-02-26).
3187:Vining, Susan (2020-02-26).
2391:species native to California
2387:Calflora Database: Index of
1479:Ceanothus oblanceolatus
1447:Ceanothus leschenaultii
1367:Ceanothus atropurpureus
3620:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3175:Native American Ethnobotany
2461:Elmore, Francis H. (1976).
2025:Royal Horticultural Society
1920:(fruit left, flowers right)
327:The Californian species of
3656:
2638:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2623:"The Plant List entry for
2492:. CRC Press. p. 291.
2486:Austin, Daniel F. (2004).
2312:Plants of the World Online
2090:
1519:Ceanothus spathulatus
1487:Ceanothus pauciflorus
1439:Ceanothus lancifolius
1375:Ceanothus chloroxylon
737:(Trel. ex B.L.Rob.) McMinn
260:
216:of about 50–60 species of
3615:Flora of Northern America
2717:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
2642:Missouri Botanical Garden
2584:Coladonato, Milo (1993).
2409:Ceanothus
1503:Ceanothus pulchellus
1495:Ceanothus pubiflorus
1463:Ceanothus mystacinus
1455:Ceanothus mocinianus
1431:Ceanothus laevigatus
1245:– Coastal Plain buckbrush
1025:– Otay Mountain buckbrush
946:Ceanothus Ă— mendocinensis
782:– Santa Barbara ceanothus
766:Ceanothus Ă— humboldtensis
193:
186:
179:
174:
62:Scientific classification
60:
50:
41:
34:
27:Genus of flowering plants
2437:WaterWise Plant Profiles
1535:Ceanothus triqueter
1471:Ceanothus neumannii
1415:Ceanothus elongatus
1407:Ceanothus divergens
1239:Ceanothus serpyllifolius
1084:Ceanothus pendletonensis
1012:Boyd, Ross & Arnseth
750:– Hearst Ranch buckbrush
690:– Point Reyes ceanothus
449:– Rincon Ridge ceanothus
267:), which was applied by
3630:Drought-tolerant plants
3177:. Timber Press, Oregon.
2899:'Gloire de Versailles'"
2348:Encyclopædia Britannica
1987:for gardens. Dozens of
1527:Ceanothus spinosus
1511:Ceanothus scandens
1490:Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
1399:Ceanothus cuneatus
1391:Ceanothus cuneatus
1383:Ceanothus collinus
1304:Ceanothus Ă— veitchianus
590:Ceanothus diversifolius
417:S.Boyd & J.E.Keeley
359:Pinnacles National Park
280:The genus is native to
3520:Ceanothus integerrimus
3189:"Rhamnaceae | Frankia"
3161:Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
3087:Ceanothus thyrsifolius
2923:Ceanothus thyrsifolius
2818:"RHS Plant Selector -
2793:"RHS Plant Selector -
2768:"RHS Plant Selector -
2170:Ceanothus integerrimus
2133:in the nursery trade.
2130:Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
2054:'Gloire de Versailles'
1955:
1953:Yosemite National Park
1948:Ceanothus integerrimus
1921:
1891:
1838:
1320:– snowbrush ceanothus
1282:Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
1277:– green bark ceanothus
1250:Ceanothus Ă— serrulatus
1172:– hollyleaf ceanothus
1121:– prostrate ceanothus
1069:– littleleaf ceanothus
962:– littleleaf buckbrush
956:Ceanothus microphyllus
872:Ceanothus Ă— lorenzenii
857:– chaparral whitethorn
798:Ceanothus integerrimus
476:Ceanothus crassifolius
471:– whitethorn ceanothus
361:
312:Taxonomy and etymology
3502:Paleobiology Database
2029:Award of Garden Merit
1945:
1916:
1884:
1828:
1423:Ceanothus glaber
1299:– woolyleaf ceanothus
1213:– Pine Hill buckbrush
1074:Ceanothus pauciflorus
1063:Ceanothus parvifolius
1014:– Vail Lake ceanothus
1008:Ceanothus ophiochilus
862:Ceanothus Ă— lobbianus
851:Ceanothus leucodermis
804:– deerbrush ceanothus
748:Hoover & J.B.Roof
744:Ceanothus hearstiorum
639:– wavyleaf ceanothus
612:Ceanothus fernandezii
607:– Fendler's ceanothus
585:– Calistoga ceanothus
563:– sandscrub ceanothus
542:– San Diego buckbrush
482:– hoaryleaf ceanothus
454:Ceanothus Ă— connivens
350:
3173:Moerman, D. (1988).
2665:Ceanothus americanus
2588:Ceanothus americanus
2127:(groundcovers), and
1997:Ceanothus Ă— flexilis
1983:species are popular
1918:Ceanothus americanus
1345:Ceanothus verrucosus
1293:Ceanothus tomentosus
1260:Ceanothus sonomensis
1228:Ceanothus sanguineus
1207:Ceanothus roderickii
1147:(Greene) C.L.Schmidt
1129:(Howell) C.L.Schmidt
1115:Ceanothus prostratus
1094:Ceanothus perplexans
1047:– wartleaf ceanothus
1041:Ceanothus papillosus
977:Ceanothus oliganthus
915:Ceanothus megacarpus
899:– Martin's ceanothus
888:– maritime ceanothus
846:– Lemmon's ceanothus
823:(Howell) C.L.Schmidt
725:(Howell) C.L.Schmidt
716:(McMinn) C.L.Schmidt
698:(Howell) C.L.Schmidt
673:Ceanothus fresnensis
665:(McMinn) C.L.Schmidt
656:(McMinn) C.L.Schmidt
547:Ceanothus decornutus
528:(Howell) C.L.Schmidt
510:(McMinn) C.L.Schmidt
465:Ceanothus cordulatus
460:– trailing buckbrush
423:Ceanothus buxifolius
388:– feltleaf ceanothus
371:Ceanothus americanus
53:Ceanothus americanus
3640:Flora of California
3210:"Nodules | Frankia"
2742:"RHS Plantfinder -
2489:Florida Ethnobotany
2363:"Untitled Document"
2144:of ceanothus is by
1930:Ceanothus velutinus
1530:Torr. & A. Gray
1314:Ceanothus velutinus
1234:– redstem ceanothus
1218:Ceanothus Ă— rugosus
1180:(Parry) C.L.Schmidt
1166:Ceanothus purpureus
1110:– Coville ceanothus
1104:Ceanothus pinetorum
1019:Ceanothus otayensis
967:Ceanothus ochraceus
921:– bigpod ceanothus
910:– Mason's ceanothus
882:Ceanothus maritimus
815:– Jepson ceanothus
776:Ceanothus impressus
755:Ceanothus herbaceus
684:Ceanothus gloriosus
622:Ceanothus ferrisiae
579:Ceanothus divergens
568:Ceanothus depressus
519:(Nutt.) C.L.Schmidt
433:Ceanothus caeruleus
3635:Saponaceous plants
3061:Ceanothus arboreus
2671:2007-01-16 at the
2118:Ceanothus arboreus
1956:
1922:
1892:
1887:Ceanothus fendleri
1839:
1831:Ceanothus arboreus
1271:Ceanothus spinosus
1266:– Sonoma ceanothus
1197:Ceanothus Ă— regius
1045:Torr. & A.Gray
1036:– Palmer ceanothus
983:– hairy ceanothus
929:(Eastw.) P.H.Raven
840:Ceanothus lemmonii
809:Ceanothus jepsonii
793:– coast whitethorn
791:Torr. & A.Gray
739:– Carmel ceanothus
679:– Fresno ceanothus
633:Ceanothus foliosus
628:– coyote ceanothus
601:Ceanothus fendleri
561:Torr. & A.Gray
557:Ceanothus dentatus
487:Ceanothus cuneatus
443:Ceanothus confusus
413:Ceanothus bolensis
403:Ceanothus Ă— bakeri
393:Ceanothus arcuatus
382:Ceanothus arboreus
362:
354:Ceanothus cuneatus
3610:Rhamnaceae genera
3592:
3591:
3489:Open Tree of Life
3253:Taxon identifiers
3133:'Diamond Heights'
3063:'Trewithen Blue'"
2499:978-0-8493-2332-4
2342:"Ceanothus"
2176:Nitrogen fixation
2113:
2112:
1985:ornamental plants
1877:Flowers and fruit
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1350:
1338:
1329:
1319:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1265:
1244:
1233:
1212:
1190:
1181:
1171:
1161:– dwarf ceanothus
1160:
1155:Ceanothus pumilus
1148:
1139:
1130:
1120:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1068:
1058:– Parry Ceanothus
1057:
1046:
1035:
1030:Ceanothus palmeri
1024:
1013:
1001:
992:
982:
972:
961:
939:
930:
920:
909:
904:Ceanothus masonii
898:
893:Ceanothus martini
887:
856:
845:
833:
824:
814:
803:
792:
787:Ceanothus incanus
781:
760:
749:
738:
733:Ceanothus griseus
726:
717:
708:
699:
689:
678:
666:
657:
648:
638:
627:
606:
595:
584:
573:
562:
552:
541:
536:Ceanothus cyaneus
529:
520:
511:
502:
492:
481:
470:
459:
448:
438:
428:
418:
398:
387:
376:
205:
204:
200:
170:
16:(Redirected from
3647:
3585:
3584:
3572:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3536:
3535:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3509:
3497:
3496:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3458:BMSSYS0000694715
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3383:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3343:
3331:
3330:
3318:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3248:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3184:
3178:
3171:
3165:
3156:
3150:
3141:
3135:
3126:
3120:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2746:'Autumnal Blue'"
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2713:
2707:
2697:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2644:. September 2013
2619:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2549:(sp7): S50–S61.
2538:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2399:
2393:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2365:. Archived from
2359:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2262:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2212:on the roots of
2089:
2088:
2072:'Trewithen Blue'
2023:have gained the
1858:Leaves and stems
1813:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1717:
1705:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1597:
1585:
1574:Greene ex McMinn
1573:
1561:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1489:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1351:– Barranca brush
1348:
1336:
1327:
1317:
1309:
1296:
1285:
1274:
1263:
1255:
1242:
1231:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1188:
1179:
1169:
1158:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:(S.Watson) Trel.
1066:
1055:
1052:Ceanothus parryi
1044:
1033:
1022:
1011:
999:
990:
980:
970:
959:
951:
937:
928:
918:
907:
896:
885:
877:
867:
854:
843:
831:
822:
812:
802:Hook. & Arn.
801:
790:
779:
771:
758:
747:
736:
724:
715:
706:
697:
687:
677:Dudley ex Abrams
676:
664:
655:
646:
636:
625:
617:
604:
593:
582:
571:
560:
550:
539:
527:
518:
509:
500:
490:
479:
468:
457:
446:
436:
426:
416:
408:
407:Greene ex McMinn
396:
385:
374:
357:(buck brush) in
262:
241:California lilac
229:buckthorn family
198:
166:
70:
69:
46:
32:
21:
18:California lilac
3655:
3654:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3567:
3565:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3505:
3500:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3477:
3469:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3255:
3245:
3244:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3214:
3212:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3191:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3172:
3168:
3157:
3153:
3142:
3138:
3127:
3123:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3012:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2925:'Mystery Blue'"
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2698:
2689:
2682:
2678:
2673:Wayback Machine
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2443:
2435:McMahan, L. R.
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2385:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2202:in Rhamnaceae.
2178:
2162:
2139:
2084:
2076:C. thyrsifolius
2036:’Autumnal Blue’
2031:(as of 2017):
2013:
1977:
1961:
1951:(deerbrush) in
1940:
1911:
1879:
1860:
1844:
1823:
1818:
1691:
1686:
1547:
1542:
1506:Delile ex Spach
1410:Poepp. ex Endl.
1359:
1354:
1337:Dougl. ex Hook.
1318:Dougl. ex Hook.
1307:
1253:
1221:
1200:
949:
875:
865:
769:
615:
406:
345:
314:
305:C. thyrsiflorus
274:Cirsium arvense
218:nitrogen-fixing
165:
64:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3653:
3651:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3597:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:wfo-4000007095
3573:
3563:
3550:
3537:
3524:
3511:
3498:
3485:
3475:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3319:
3306:
3296:
3281:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3243:
3242:
3221:
3200:
3179:
3166:
3151:
3136:
3121:
3106:
3076:
3050:
3020:
2994:
2968:
2938:
2912:
2886:
2860:
2834:
2809:
2784:
2759:
2733:
2708:
2687:
2676:
2655:
2632:The Plant List
2607:
2576:
2530:
2505:
2498:
2478:
2471:
2453:
2441:
2428:
2394:
2379:
2354:
2339:, ed. (1911).
2337:Chisholm, Hugh
2325:
2289:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2238:
2222:
2177:
2174:
2161:
2158:
2154:stratification
2138:
2135:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:'Mystery Blue'
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2015:The following
2012:
2009:
1976:
1973:
1960:
1957:
1939:
1936:
1910:
1907:
1878:
1875:
1859:
1856:
1843:
1842:Growth pattern
1840:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1708:
1695:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1667:vanrensselaeri
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1610:(Jeps.) McMinn
1600:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1551:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1330:
1310:
1300:
1289:
1278:
1267:
1256:
1246:
1235:
1224:
1214:
1203:
1201:(Jeps.) McMinn
1193:
1192:
1191:
1182:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1111:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1026:
1015:
1004:
1003:
1002:
993:
973:
963:
952:
942:
941:
940:
931:
911:
900:
889:
878:
876:(Jeps.) McMinn
868:
858:
847:
836:
835:
834:
825:
805:
794:
783:
772:
762:
751:
740:
729:
728:
727:
718:
709:
700:
680:
669:
668:
667:
658:
649:
629:
618:
608:
597:
586:
575:
564:
553:
543:
532:
531:
530:
521:
512:
503:
483:
472:
461:
450:
439:
429:
419:
409:
399:
389:
378:
366:
344:
341:
313:
310:
203:
202:
191:
190:
184:
183:
177:
176:
172:
171:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3652:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3232:
3225:
3222:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:'Snow Flurry'
3162:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3148:'Ray Hartman'
3147:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3110:
3107:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3077:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3051:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3021:
3008:
3006:
2998:
2995:
2982:
2981:'Puget Blue'"
2980:
2972:
2969:
2956:
2955:'Perle Rose'"
2954:
2950:
2942:
2939:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2913:
2900:
2898:
2895:"Ceanothus Ă—
2890:
2887:
2874:
2872:
2864:
2861:
2848:
2846:
2838:
2835:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2810:
2798:
2797:'Burkwoodii'"
2796:
2788:
2785:
2773:
2772:'Blue Mound'"
2771:
2763:
2760:
2747:
2745:
2737:
2734:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2705:0-87842-359-1
2702:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2659:
2656:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2482:
2479:
2474:
2472:0-911408-41-X
2468:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2369:on 2016-03-04
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2279:on 2009-01-14
2278:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2261:
2258:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2231:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:evolved twice
2197:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2150:scarification
2147:
2143:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2107:'Snow Flurry'
2106:
2104:'Ray Hartman'
2103:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2094:'Anchor Bay'
2093:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
2005:C. prostratus
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1809: Ă—
1808:
1805:
1800:
1797: Ă—
1796:
1793:
1788:
1785: Ă—
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773: Ă—
1772:
1769:
1764:
1763:humboldtensis
1761: Ă—
1760:
1757:
1752:
1749: Ă—
1748:
1745:
1740:
1737: Ă—
1736:
1733:
1728:
1725: Ă—
1724:
1721:
1716:
1713: Ă—
1712:
1709:
1704:
1701: Ă—
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1680:
1677: Ă—
1676:
1673:
1668:
1665: Ă—
1664:
1661:
1656:
1653: Ă—
1652:
1649:
1644:
1641: Ă—
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629: Ă—
1628:
1625:
1620:
1619:mendocinensis
1617: Ă—
1616:
1613:
1608:
1605: Ă—
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593: Ă—
1592:
1589:
1584:
1581: Ă—
1580:
1577:
1572:
1569: Ă—
1568:
1565:
1560:
1557: Ă—
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:– blueblossom
1284:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1005:
998:
994:
989:
985:
984:
979:
978:
974:
969:
968:
964:
958:
957:
953:
948:
947:
943:
936:
932:
927:
923:
922:
917:
916:
912:
906:
905:
901:
895:
894:
890:
884:
883:
879:
874:
873:
869:
864:
863:
859:
853:
852:
848:
842:
841:
837:
830:
826:
821:
817:
816:
811:
810:
806:
800:
799:
795:
789:
788:
784:
778:
777:
773:
768:
767:
763:
757:
756:
752:
746:
745:
741:
735:
734:
730:
723:
719:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
692:
691:
686:
685:
681:
675:
674:
670:
663:
659:
654:
650:
645:
641:
640:
635:
634:
630:
624:
623:
619:
614:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
592:
591:
587:
581:
580:
576:
570:
569:
565:
559:
558:
554:
549:
548:
544:
538:
537:
533:
526:
522:
517:
513:
508:
504:
501:(Hook.) Nutt.
499:
495:
494:
491:(Hook.) Nutt.
489:
488:
484:
478:
477:
473:
467:
466:
462:
456:
455:
451:
445:
444:
440:
435:
434:
430:
425:
424:
420:
415:
414:
410:
405:
404:
400:
395:
394:
390:
384:
383:
379:
373:
372:
368:
367:
365:
360:
356:
355:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
333:C. americanus
330:
325:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
294:
289:
288:
287:C. americanus
283:
282:North America
278:
276:
275:
270:
266:
258:
257:Ancient Greek
254:
250:
246:
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238:
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197:
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97:
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93:
92:Tracheophytes
90:
87:
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83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3260:
3234:. Retrieved
3224:
3213:. Retrieved
3203:
3192:. Retrieved
3182:
3174:
3169:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3139:
3130:
3124:
3118:'Anchor Bay'
3115:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3090:
3086:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3060:
3053:
3041:. Retrieved
3034:
3030:
3023:
3011:. Retrieved
3004:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2978:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2952:
2948:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2922:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2896:
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2873:'Dark Star'"
2870:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2844:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2819:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2794:
2787:
2775:. Retrieved
2769:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2743:
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2711:
2679:
2664:
2658:
2646:. Retrieved
2630:
2624:
2598:. Retrieved
2593:
2587:
2579:
2546:
2542:
2523:29 September
2521:. Retrieved
2517:
2508:
2488:
2481:
2462:
2456:
2431:
2421:29 September
2419:. Retrieved
2414:
2408:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:the original
2357:
2346:
2316:. Retrieved
2311:
2306:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2272:
2267:
2260:
2213:
2203:
2195:
2188:
2185:actinorhizal
2180:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2148:, following
2140:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2063:'Puget Blue'
2060:'Perle Rose'
2042:'Burkwoodii'
2039:'Blue Mound'
2014:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1980:
1978:
1962:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1909:Distribution
1904:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1885:
1872:
1861:
1845:
1829:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
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1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
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1702:
1698:
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1678:
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1662:
1654:
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1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1534:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1462:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1360:
1343:
1333:
1324:
1312:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1216:
1205:
1195:
1185:
1176:
1164:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1113:
1102:
1092:
1082:
1072:
1061:
1050:
1039:
1028:
1023:H. E. McMinn
1017:
1006:
996:
987:
975:
965:
954:
944:
934:
925:
913:
902:
891:
880:
870:
860:
849:
838:
828:
819:
807:
796:
785:
774:
764:
761:– Jersey tea
753:
742:
731:
721:
712:
703:
694:
682:
671:
661:
652:
643:
631:
620:
610:
599:
588:
577:
566:
555:
545:
534:
524:
515:
507:fascicularis
506:
497:
493:– buckbrush
485:
474:
463:
452:
441:
431:
421:
411:
401:
391:
380:
369:
363:
352:
337:C. maritimus
336:
332:
328:
326:
321:
317:
315:
303:
297:
293:C. caeruleus
291:
285:
279:
272:
269:Theophrastus
264:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
208:
207:
206:
195:
194:
180:
161:
160:
124:
111:
98:
85:
51:
35:
29:
3401:iNaturalist
3285:Wikispecies
2648:15 December
2246:nitrogenase
2142:Propagation
2137:Propagation
2051:'Dark Star'
2001:C. cuneatus
1975:Cultivation
1821:Description
1775:intermedius
1727:burtonensis
1679:veitchianus
1402:K.Brandegee
1264:J.T. Howell
707:J.T. Howell
688:J.T. Howell
447:J.T. Howell
351:Flowers of
299:C. arboreus
255:comes from
253:"Ceanothus"
105:Angiosperms
3599:Categories
3236:2021-06-12
3215:2021-06-12
3194:2021-06-12
3035:delineanus
3007:'Skylark'"
2897:delileanus
2822:'Cascade'"
2752:21 January
2726:24 January
2403:USDA, NRCS
2373:2015-03-25
2318:2 December
2283:2012-04-25
2252:References
2160:Other uses
1967:along the
1751:delilianus
1715:burkwoodii
1655:serrulatus
1607:lorenzenii
1325:laevigatus
1135:prostratus
997:sorediatus
988:oliganthus
935:megacarpus
820:albiflorus
551:V.T.Parker
525:sonomensis
247:, or just
233:Rhamnaceae
223:and small
151:Rhamnaceae
3605:Ceanothus
3291:Ceanothus
3261:Ceanothus
3146:Ceanothus
3116:Ceanothus
3037:'Topaze'"
3031:Ceanothus
3005:Ceanothus
2979:Ceanothus
2949:Ceanothus
2871:Ceanothus
2847:'Concha'"
2845:Ceanothus
2820:Ceanothus
2795:Ceanothus
2770:Ceanothus
2744:Ceanothus
2563:0012-9658
2389:Ceanothus
2307:Ceanothus
2268:Ceanothus
2214:Ceanothus
2196:Ceanothus
2181:Ceanothus
2066:'Skylark'
2045:'Cascade'
2017:cultivars
1993:cultivars
1981:Ceanothus
1965:mule deer
1900:Ceanothus
1868:alternate
1852:deciduous
1848:evergreen
1807:Ceanothus
1795:Ceanothus
1783:Ceanothus
1771:Ceanothus
1759:Ceanothus
1747:Ceanothus
1735:Ceanothus
1723:Ceanothus
1711:Ceanothus
1699:Ceanothus
1675:Ceanothus
1663:Ceanothus
1651:Ceanothus
1639:Ceanothus
1631:otayensis
1627:Ceanothus
1615:Ceanothus
1603:Ceanothus
1595:lobbianus
1591:Ceanothus
1579:Ceanothus
1567:Ceanothus
1555:Ceanothus
1334:velutinus
1186:purpureus
1177:divergens
926:insularis
897:M.E.Jones
722:porrectus
704:gloriosus
695:exaltatus
596:– pinemat
329:Ceanothus
318:Ceanothus
265:keanĹŤthos
249:ceanothus
245:soap bush
237:buckbrush
209:Ceanothus
196:Forrestia
181:See text
162:Ceanothus
75:Kingdom:
36:Ceanothus
3566:VASCAN:
3559:40003256
3554:Tropicos
3270:Wikidata
3099:12 April
3069:12 April
3043:12 April
3013:12 April
2987:12 April
2961:12 April
2953:pallidus
2931:12 April
2905:12 April
2879:12 April
2853:12 April
2827:15 April
2802:15 April
2777:15 April
2669:Archived
2640:and the
2600:March 3,
2571:16922302
2405:(n.d.).
2266:"Genus:
2244:) using
2069:'Topaze'
2048:'Concha'
1959:Wildlife
1864:opposite
1799:pallidus
1787:pallidus
1742:L.W.Lenz
1703:arnoldii
1583:flexilis
1559:arcuatus
1514:D.Dietr.
1482:Davidson
1286:Eschsch.
1126:confusus
829:jepsonii
662:vineatus
644:foliosus
498:cuneatus
322:Cerastes
261:κεάνωθος
188:Synonyms
175:Species
147:Family:
118:Eudicots
56:flowers
3432:1024404
3419:33421-1
3380:3039297
3276:Q311139
2634:, v.1.1
2543:Ecology
2230:ammonia
2228:) into
2210:nodules
2205:Frankia
2190:Frankia
2021:hybrids
1989:hybrids
1890:blossom
1643:rugosus
1545:Hybrids
1522:Labill.
1418:Salisb.
1332:subsp.
1323:subsp.
1184:subsp.
1175:subsp.
1144:pumilus
1142:subsp.
1133:subsp.
1124:subsp.
1108:Coville
995:subsp.
986:subsp.
933:subsp.
924:subsp.
827:subsp.
818:subsp.
720:subsp.
713:masonii
711:subsp.
702:subsp.
693:subsp.
660:subsp.
651:subsp.
642:subsp.
594:Kellogg
574:– junco
523:subsp.
516:rigidus
514:subsp.
505:subsp.
496:subsp.
469:Kellogg
343:Species
227:in the
157:Genus:
141:Rosales
137:Order:
79:Plantae
3528:PLANTS
3507:157349
3494:371201
3478:NZOR:
3367:105966
3328:436510
3302:189203
3299:APDB:
3091:repens
2703:
2625:Myrica
2569:
2561:
2496:
2469:
2208:forms
2080:repens
1814:Koehne
1811:roseus
1802:Lindl.
1790:Koehne
1778:Koehne
1730:Renss.
1706:Dippel
1658:McMinn
1646:Greene
1634:McMinn
1622:McMinn
1586:McMinn
1571:bakeri
1562:McMinn
1474:Tausch
1442:Moench
1434:Howell
1394:A.Gray
1254:McMinn
1222:Greene
1211:Knight
1189:Jepson
1170:Jepson
1159:Greene
1138:Benth.
1119:Benth.
971:Suess.
960:Michx.
950:McMinn
908:McMinn
886:Hoover
855:Greene
832:Greene
813:Greene
653:medius
626:McMinn
605:A.Gray
572:Benth.
540:Eastw.
458:Greene
397:McMinn
386:Greene
221:shrubs
131:Rosids
3533:CEANO
3471:22922
3445:28453
3427:IRMNG
3406:49674
3354:1CEAG
3341:62KF2
3315:57540
3095:. RHS
3089:var.
3065:. RHS
3039:. RHS
3009:. RHS
2983:. RHS
2957:. RHS
2927:. RHS
2901:. RHS
2875:. RHS
2849:. RHS
2720:(PDF)
2518:BONAP
2166:Miwok
2078:var.
1979:Many
1836:genus
1754:Spach
1718:auct.
1682:Hook.
1598:Hook.
1538:Wall.
1426:Spach
1349:Nutt.
1308:Hook.
1297:Parry
1275:Nutt.
1243:Nutt.
1232:Pursh
1098:Trel.
1056:Trel.
1034:Trel.
991:Nutt.
981:Nutt.
938:Nutt.
919:Nutt.
866:Hook.
844:Parry
780:Trel.
647:Parry
637:Parry
583:Parry
480:Torr.
225:trees
214:genus
212:is a
125:Clade
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
3541:POWO
3515:PfaF
3466:NCBI
3440:ITIS
3414:IPNI
3393:2210
3388:GRIN
3375:GBIF
3349:EPPO
3323:BOLD
3310:APNI
3101:2020
3071:2020
3045:2020
3015:2020
2989:2020
2963:2020
2933:2020
2907:2020
2881:2020
2855:2020
2829:2020
2804:2020
2779:2020
2754:2018
2728:2018
2701:ISBN
2650:2020
2602:2016
2567:PMID
2559:ISSN
2525:2019
2494:ISBN
2467:ISBN
2423:2019
2320:2023
2152:and
2146:seed
2019:and
1991:and
1938:Uses
1766:Roof
1739:cyam
1670:Roof
1378:Nees
1370:Raf.
770:Roof
759:Raf.
320:and
302:and
199:Raf.
3577:WFO
3569:963
3453:NBN
3362:FNA
3336:CoL
2551:doi
2309:L."
2270:L."
2183:is
2027:'s
2007:).
1498:DC.
1466:DC.
1458:DC.
1450:DC.
1078:DC.
437:Lag
3601::
3579::
3556::
3543::
3530::
3517::
3504::
3491::
3468::
3455::
3442::
3429::
3416::
3403::
3390::
3377::
3364::
3351::
3338::
3325::
3312::
3287::
3272::
3033:Ă—
2951:Ă—
2690:^
2636:.
2629:.
2610:^
2592:.
2565:.
2557:.
2547:87
2545:.
2533:^
2516:.
2444:^
2413:.
2345:.
2328:^
2292:^
2248:.
2234:NH
2121:,
2003:Ă—
375:L.
339:.
277:.
259::
251:.
243:,
239:,
168:L.
127::
114::
101::
88::
3239:.
3218:.
3197:.
3103:.
3093:"
3085:"
3073:.
3059:"
3047:.
3029:"
3017:.
3003:"
2991:.
2977:"
2965:.
2947:"
2935:.
2921:"
2909:.
2883:.
2869:"
2857:.
2843:"
2831:.
2806:.
2781:.
2756:.
2730:.
2652:.
2627:"
2604:.
2590:"
2586:"
2573:.
2553::
2527:.
2502:.
2475:.
2425:.
2411:"
2407:"
2376:.
2322:.
2305:"
2286:.
2239:3
2232:(
2223:2
2218:N
2192:.
1999:(
263:(
231:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
