Caller ID - Knowledge

553:), using Bell 202 modulation between the first and second rings, while the telephone unit is still on hook. If the telephone call is answered too quickly after the first ring, caller ID information may not be transmitted to the recipient. Also, in the United States and Canada a caller may block the display of the number they are calling from by dialling *67 before dialling the phone number. This will not work when dialling a toll-free number, where the receiver of the call pays for the call, or when 911 emergency calls are made. Dialling this code does not stop your number from being sent to the terminating central office, only from being displayed. The number can still be "collected" in the case of harassing phone calls. 406:" (CLASS) was conducted by BellSouth in January 1984 in Orlando, FL after having been approached by Bell Labs (prior to AT&T's Divestiture on January 1, 1984) to conduct a trial. A press conference with ABC, NBC, CBS, and CNN was conducted announcing the event. The name Caller ID was decided by the BellSouth Product Team, purposely not trademarking the name so that other Telcos would be free to adopt the name for ubiquity. The other regional Bell operating companies later adopted the name and eventually became the generally accepted name in the United States. Planning for the trial was initiated by a team in 931:, it is 141. This special code does not block the information from companies using call capture technology. This means that equipment with caller ID will simply display the word "PRIVATE" or "WITHHELD". When CNID is blocked at the caller's request, the number is actually transmitted through the entire telephone network, with the "presentation withheld" flag set; the destination CO is expected to honor this flag, but sometimes does not – especially when the destination phone number is served by an ISDN 151: 308:, began developing a system to automatically identify a telephone caller to a call recipient. After several attempts and experiments, he developed the method in which the caller's number was transmitted to the receiver's device. This method was the basis for modern-day Caller ID technology. From 1969 through 1975, Paraskevakos was issued twenty separate patents related to automatic telephone line identification, and since they significantly predated all other similar patents, they appear as 530:

6 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 7 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 9 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 * 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 # 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 A 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 B 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 C 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1537: 572:(SS7) query may be initiated by the called party's central office to retrieve the information for Calling Name delivery to the caller ID equipment at the subscriber's location, if the caller's name has not already been associated with the calling party's line at the originating central office. Canadian systems (depending on the provider) using CCS7 automatically (but not in all cases) send the calling name with the call set-up and routing information at the time of the call. 240:

when available. The name can be passed on by the originating central office, or it is obtained from a line information database by the terminating switch. If no name is available, the city, State, Province, or other designation may be sent. Some of these databases may be shared among several companies, each paying every time a name is "extracted". It is for this reason that mobile telephone callers may appear as "WIRELESS CALLER", or the central office location of the number.

399:, filed patent applications for other caller ID devices. Doya’s application was filed on May 2, 1980 and issued as patent PI8003077. Nicolai’s application was filed on July 2, 1980 and rejected for being a copy of Salinas' invention. In 1981 another application for a caller ID equipment was filed at the INPI by José Daniel Martin Catoira and Afonso Feijó da Costa Ribeiro Neto. This application was granted and the patent issued as patent PI8106464. 284:(TCPA). The court reasoned, "At issue in this case is a missed call, not a single, unsolicited text message. It only takes one glance at a text message to recognize it is for an extended warranty for a car you have never owned or a cruise you have won from a raffle you never entered. A missed call with a familiar area code, on the other hand, is more difficult to immediately dismiss as an automated message." 564:(MDMF), which in addition to the information provided by SDMF format, can also provide the directory listed name for the particular number. Caller ID readers which are compatible with MDMF can also read the simpler SDMF format, but an SDMF caller ID reader will not recognize an MDMF data stream, and will act as if there is no caller ID information present, e.g. as if the line is not equipped for caller ID. 682: 324: 269:

increase their contact rate by increasing the chance that a called party will answer a phone call. Because a localised CLI is displayed on the called party's device, the call is perceived as local and recognisable to the caller rather than a withheld, unknown or premium rate number. The presented telephone number is adjusted depending on the area code of the dialed number.

1479: 882: 1995: 422:, with the participation of Bell Atlantic. The purpose of these trials was to assess the revenue potential of services that depend on deployment of the common channel signaling network needed to transmit the calling number between originating and terminating central offices. Trial results were analyzed by 907:

are always blocked. Non-published and regular listed numbers are not usually blocked. But there is varying treatment for the determination of call display blocking because of many factors. If desired, customers should inquire carefully to make sure their number will not be displayed. The telephone

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The information received from the service is displayed on a telephone display screen, on a separately attached device, or on other displays, such as cable television sets when telephone and television service is provided by the same vendor. Value to society includes use by suicide-prevention hotlines

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data checksum digit d1 d2 d3 d4 s1 s2 s3 s4 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1

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Caller ID transmission is implemented using different technologies and standards in some countries. In the United States the Bellcore FSK standard is prevalent, whereas Taiwan uses ETSI FSK. Sometimes individual service providers within a country use different standards. Caller ID converters can be

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Most mobile phone providers used the caller ID to automatically connect to voice mail when a call to the voice mail number was made from the associated mobile phone number, bypassing the need to enter a password. While this was convenient for many users, because of spoofing, this practice has been

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In general, CID as transmitted from the origin of the call is only the calling party's full phone number (including area code, and including international access code and country code if it's an international call). The calling party name is added by the consumer's terminating central office if the

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The above flexibility requires the immediate presence of both a phone and a display screen, not one "several rooms away" from the other. By 2007, Verizon and AT&T had bundled these services with still others, including speed dialling, "free" inside wiring maintenance, and unlimited minutes. The

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Caller ID and ANI are different and distinct services. ANI was originally a service in a non-electronic central office that identified the telephone number of the line from which a call was originated. In addition to the caller's telephone number, caller ID may also transmit the subscriber's name,

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that use fake caller ID numbers to conceal their true location and identity. The rule means telecommunication companies can block robocallers at the network level, long before a call passes through a carriers network and arrives at a subscriber's house or business. T-Mobile was the first major US

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Telemarketing organisations often spoof caller ID. In some instances, this is done to provide a "central number" for consumers to call back, such as a toll-free number, rather than having consumers call back the outbound call center where the call actually originated. However, some telemarketers

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To look up the name associated with a phone number, the carrier, in some instances, has to access that information from a third-party database, and some database providers charge a small fee for each access to such databases. This CNAM dip fee is very small – less than a penny per call. AT&T

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A call placed behind a private branch exchange (PBX) has more options. In the typical telephony environment, a PBX connects to the local service provider through Primary Rate Interface (PRI) trunks. Generally, although not absolutely, the service provider simply passes whatever calling line ID

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Several companies engage in generating dip fees by catering to companies that make a large number of outbound calls. CallerId4U and Pacific Telecom Communications Group cater to telemarketers and generate revenue on fees from Caller ID information. The telemarketers enter into an agreement with

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exchange; the New York caller could have a Los Angeles number, for example. When that user places a call, the calling line ID would be that of a Los Angeles number, although they are actually located in New York. This allows a call return without having to incur long distance calling charges.

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Some IP phone services (ITSPs, or Internet Telephony Service Providers) support PSTN gateway installations throughout the world. These gateways egress calls to the local calling area, thus avoiding long distance toll charges. ITSPs also allow a local user to have a number located in "foreign"

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protect their clients from receiving calls with blocked information by routing anonymous calls to a service (such as AT&T Privacy Manager), where the caller is required to announce themself. The service then asks the called party if they want to accept or reject the call. Other telephone

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Calling line identity (CLI) localisation is the process of presenting a localised calling line identity to the recipient of a telephone call. CLI localisation is used by various organisations, including call centres, debt collectors and insurance companies. CLI localisation allows companies to

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If the call originates on a POTS line (a standard loop-start line), then caller ID is provided by the service provider's local switch. Since the network does not connect the caller to the callee until the phone is answered, generally the caller ID signal cannot be altered by the caller. Most

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Not all types of caller identification use 202-type modulation, nor do all systems send the information between the first and second ring. As a result, not all caller ID devices are compatible from country to country or within the same country, even though the basic phone system is the same.

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In the United States, telemarketers are required to transmit caller ID. This requirement went into effect on January 29, 2004. It is generally illegal to spoof Caller ID if done "with the intent to defraud, cause harm, or wrongfully obtain anything of value". The acts are prohibited under

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and enabling businesses "like pizza restaurants and florists" to quickly have confidence in telephoned orders. The customer has control as to whether one's full name or merely first initial appears, a choice that to avoid a fee must be selected when the initial listing is generated.

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service provider may also have vertical service codes which can be dialed to configure blocking as active for all calls or on a call-by-call basis. In some locations in the United States, regulations allow (or require) blocking to be automatic and transparent to the caller.

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In 1977, the Brazilian inventor Valdir Bravo Salinas filed a patent application for a caller ID device at the Brazilian Patent and Trademarks Office (INPI). The patent was issued in 1982 as patent PI7704466 and is the first patent issued for a caller ID equipment in

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Caller ID spoofing is the practice of causing the telephone network to display a number on the recipient's caller ID display that is different than that of the actual originating station. Many telephone services, such as ISDN PRI based PBX installations, and

2154:"Draft ETSI EN 300 659-1 V1.3.1 (2000-09) Access and Terminals (AT); Analogue access to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); Subscriber line protocol over the local loop for display (and related) services; Part 1: On-hook data transmission" 576:

starts their negotiations for CNAM dip fees at about $ .004 per lookup. OpenCNAM fees are a bit more expensive, up to $ .0048 per lookup. To avoid such charges, some carriers will report the name as "unavailable", or will report the name as "

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are used; call display is the predominant marketing name used in Canada (although some customers still refer to it colloquially as "caller ID"). The concept of calling number identification as a service for POTS subscribers originated from

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Consumers face significant barriers to exiting a call list and often cannot have themselves removed from the list. Calling the opt-out numbers often results in a fast-busy so the call never completes and the consumer remains on the list.

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Dip fees vary wildly. According to Doug McIntyre, the wholesale rates are on the order of $ 0.002 to $ 0.006 per database dip. And according to Aaron Woolfson, president of TelSwitch Inc, the fee structure for dip fee fraud can include:

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in 2000. U.S. patent 4,242,539, filed originally on May 8, 1976, and a resulting patent re-examined at the patent office by AT&T, was successfully licensed to most of the major telecommunications and computer companies in the world.

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appears on those PRI access trunks transparently across the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). This opens up the opportunity for the PBX administrator to program whatever number they choose in their external phone number fields.

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With cellphones, the biggest issue appears to be in the passing of calling line ID information through the network. Cellphone companies must support interconnecting trunks to a significant number of wireline and PSTN access carriers.

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Depending on the operator and country, there are a number of prefix codes that can block or disable Caller ID transmission by the caller. Prefixing a telephone number with the following codes disables Caller ID on a per-call basis:

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CND is currently available in Australia to subscribers to the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). There is a legislation under section 276 of the Australia Industry Code - Calling Number Display (ACIF C522: February 2003).

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companies play a recording to the caller advising them of the called party's rejection configuration, and often offer advice (such as prefixing their dialing with *82) on how to get their call to the intended called party.

343:, and were demonstrated to several telephone companies. These original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos. In the patents related to these devices, Paraskevakos also proposed to send 358:

inventor with over one thousand patents worldwide, first built a prototype of a caller ID display device that could receive caller ID information. His work on caller ID devices and early prototypes was received in the

1828: 465:, with which it became possible to transmit caller ID information and even provide call-disposition options while the user was already on the telephone. This not-for-free service became known in some markets as 938:

Alternatively, in cases where caller ID is being blocked automatically, it can only be released on a call-by-call basis by dialing a special code (*82 in North America; 1470 in the UK). See "Enabling", below.

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services, permit the caller to configure customized caller ID information. In corporate settings this permits the announcement of switchboard number or customer service numbers. Caller ID spoofing may be

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Initially, the operating telephone companies wanted to have the caller ID function performed by the central office as a voice announcement and charged on a per-call basis. John Harris, an employee of

1524:. This tells the PBX where to route an incoming call, when there are more internal lines with external phone numbers than there are actual incoming lines in a large company or other organisation. 2519: 339:, constructed and reduced to practice a transmitter and receiver, representing the world's first prototypes of caller-identification devices. They were installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in 2610: 1868: 852:

Courts have ruled that caller ID is admissible. Providers are required by FCC rules to offer "per-call" blocking of caller ID to their customers. Legislation in the United States in 2007 made

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Some countries and network providers do not allow Caller ID blocking based on the domestic telecommunications regulations, or CLIR is only available as an external app or value-added service.

441:, with a full deployment to its nine-state region over the next four years. Bell Atlantic was the second local telephone company to deploy Caller ID in New Jersey's Hudson County, followed by 3017: 1736: 2838: 74:'s telephone equipment when the call is being set up. The caller ID service may include the transmission of a name associated with the calling telephone number, in a service called 1638: 490:

with caller ID but also introduces an "options" feature that, in conjunction with certain screen-based telephones, or other capable equipment, gives a telephone user the option to

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is the common term for a service by which a caller can prevent the display of the calling number on the recipient's telephone. Blocking the number is formally referred to as

2190:"ETS 300 659-2 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN); Subscriber line protocol over the local loop for display (and related) services; Part 2: Off-hook data transmission" 2164: 2642: 1671: 34: 351:

feasible. He also proposed to identify the calling telephone by special code; e.g., "PF" for public phone, "HO" for home phone, "OF" for office phone, "PL" for police.

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that prevent CLID information from being recognised. Other UK telephone companies use slight variations on the Bellcore standard, and CLID support is "hit and miss".

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Telecommunications regulators vary in their requirements for the use and effectiveness of assorted technologies to prevent numbers from being displayed. Generally,

277: 180: 2900: 1435:. It is named a dip fee because the called party's carrier pays a fee to dip into the originating telephone company's database to get the Caller ID information. 3012: 2676: 1775: 1919: 1461:

According to reports companies like CallerId4U have thousands of phone numbers and thousands of FTC complaints filed against them each month for violating

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Besides Bell, the most common on-hook caller ID standard is European standard ETSI EN 300 659-1, which defines three caller ID ("PSTN display") protocols:

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Report and Order from the FCC on Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, including rules and discussion of caller ID issues.

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result was increased monthly spending for those customers adding features, but reduced individual charges for those options they already had.

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Starting in mid-2017, and with intended culmination in 2019, the FCC pushed forward Caller ID certification implemented via a methodology of

79: 2131: 1829:"Repeat-Player Cunningham Earns Another Huge TCPA Victory – Court Finds Receipt of Missed Debt Collection Call Affords Article III Standing" 1797: 1599: 1521: 1276:

Depending on the operator and country, there are a number of prefix codes that can unblock or enable Caller ID transmission by the caller.

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Telephone equipment usually displays CLID information with no difficulty. Modems are notoriously problematic; very few modems support the

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A consumer's telephone company must pay a small fee for the Caller ID text that is transmitted during a call. The fee is called a

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Where blocking is applied on a call-by-call basis (that is, at the time a call is made), subscribers can block their caller ID by

137:, a phone system widely used by corporations that allows outside callers to dial an extension without going through an operator. 2406: 1439:

companies like CallerId4U and Pacific Telecom Communications Group and share the revenue produced during the telemarketing call.

437:, which was followed by limited deployment. BellSouth was the first company to deploy Caller ID commercially in December 1988 in 2632: 1661: 3007: 2939: 233: 1565: 846: 2376: 2296: 2228: 652:. It is against United States federal law for telemarketers to block or to send misleading caller ID. Individuals may file 2706: 2017: 2196: 1462: 1974: 580:" based on the phone number, particularly for wireless callers. For toll-free numbers, they may report a string such as 2731: 900:(CLIR). This customer option was part of the legal authorization for New York State's 1992 authorization of Caller ID. 2890: 1465:

registration. The large number of phone numbers dilute the number of complaints against the company and phone number.

560:(SDMF), which provides the caller's telephone number, the date and time of the call. Name+number caller ID is called 67: 33: 2583: 2333: 2670: 1765: 3002: 1959: 1550: 1495: 1432: 434: 273: 163: 75: 45: 1908: 1555: 244:

service providers, however, allow the caller to block caller ID presentation through the vertical service code

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V.23 mode 2, before the ring, but after a special alerting signal (a dual-tone, a short ring "pulse", or a

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caller rejection, which rejects all calls when the subscriber's name, number (or both) is blocked. Some

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situation, whereby subscribers must purchase additional services in order to cancel out other services.

509:: Send the caller either a custom or telephone-company-generated voice message asking the caller to hold 293: 17: 2357: 634:

The Chinese caller ID standard of 1997 is largely similar to Bellcore (with the "type II" extension).

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consumer has subscribed to that service. Calling name delivery is not automatic. A query (dip) with

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mode 2 (a different FSK protocol; without using the 75-baud reverse channel), after a normal ring.

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In March 2017, the FCC approved a new rule that would allow telecommunication companies to block

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There are two types of caller ID: number-only and name+number. Number-only caller ID is called

2270: 1542: 952: 947: 407: 340: 301: 2444: 379:, promoted the idea of displaying caller ID on a telephone. The telephone was coded ECCS for 2927: 2664: 631:

EN 300 659-2 expands the standard to "on-hook" (call-waiting) situations, still using V.23.

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the carriers pay a fee of $ 0.003 per call or $ 300 per 100,000 calls to the database owner

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On GSM mobile networks, callers may dial *31# to enable caller ID on all subsequent calls.

82: – Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation Q.731.3. 2931: 2472: 2364: 2042: 1978: 1265:

mobile networks, callers may dial #31# before the number they wish to call to disable it.

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In the United States and Canada, caller ID information is sent to the called party by the

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the number dealers share revenue with the robocaller $ 0.00096 or $ 96 per 100,000 calls

871:. This initiative was further strengthened by the TRACED Act, enacted in December 2019. 1450:

the database owner pays the number dealers $ 0.0024 per call or $ 240 per 100,000 calls

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carrier to announce plans to implement blocking technologies based on the new rule.

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This class-based POTS-telephone calling feature works by combining the services of

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Patent # 4,551,581/11-5-1985 and Patent # 4,582,956/4-15-1986; (both assigned to

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was used to leverage the feature from the central office to the telephone set.

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information, such as the caller's name, to the receiving apparatus and to make

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On most landlines and mobiles, *31#; however, some mobile providers use #31#.

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will most likely be able to show the restricted number using a service called

653: 610: 591: 587: 516: 458: 2739: 943: 497:: Place the current call on hold to take the second call (not a new feature) 384: 309: 59: 2977: 27:

Service that sends phone caller's number to the recipient of the phone call

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a special code (a vertical service code, or VSC) before making a call. In

503:: Disconnect the current call and take the second call (not a new feature) 276:

found a single missed call using a localized number was enough to trigger

2607:"Ajit Pai orders phone companies to adopt new anti-robocall tech in 2019" 2326: 1584:

Tu, Huahong; Doupé, Adam; Zhao, Ziming; Ahn, Gail-Joon (September 2017).

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companies or individuals for illegally spoofing or blocking caller ID.

411: 395:. Later in 1980, two other Brazilian inventors, João da Cunha Doya and 134: 1516:

The inverse feature, giving the number originally dialed, is known as

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service, available in analog and digital telephone systems, including

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https://www.telecomarchive.com/docs/bsp-archive/SIN/SIN_227_I3.7.pdf

959:(CLIRO), or by using general ANI services. These features create a 2637: 886: 880: 680: 550: 355: 322: 313: 236:(ANI) as a part of toll free number service in the United States. 31: 2633:"Trump signs the TRACED Act, the first federal anti-robocall law" 2543:"Apple, Google, Microsoft join 'strike force' to fight robocalls" 1293:*31# (mobile phones) 1832 (analogue landline) *65 (NBN landline) 1005:#31# (mobile phones) 1831 (analogue landline) *67 (NBN landline) 1593: 1586:"Toward Standardization of Authenticated Caller ID Transmission" 1237:*31# (or *31+Targetnumber -> Call-by-Call disable) (landline) 916: 624: 89:

Caller ID service, which is also known by similar terms such as

41: 1239:#31# (or #31+Targetnumber -> Call-by-Call disable) (mobile) 2579: 1472: 1262: 144: 2018:"Fight heats up over patents on Caller ID. (Kazuo Hashimoto)" 549:

as an analog data stream (similar to data passed between two

2862:"CallerId4U, Inc. - Millions of Illegal Telemarketing Calls" 1940:

Patent #3,727,003/4-10-1973 and Patent # 3,812,296/5-21-1974

2831:"Over 100,000 FTC Complaints Filed Against CallerID4U, Inc" 2576:"Combating Spoofed Robocalls with Caller ID Authentication" 818:

standard in hardware; drivers for those that do often have

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FSK mark= 1200 Hz space= 2200 Hz 1200 bpsk

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Caller-ID system response sounds in various cases: analog,

1881:"Theodore Paraskevakos: Executive Profile & Biography" 1101:#31# (dialling from mobile) 141 (dialling from landlines) 469:, or (when it was combined with call-disposition options) 2497:

State v. Schuette, 273 Kan. 59, 44 P.3d 459 (Kansas 2002)

2273:. Federal Communications Commission. September 26, 2018. 1972:

PhoneTel Patent Services :: History : Hashimoto

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any relevant information into other sections or articles.

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replaced by more secure authentication by many carriers.

2063:"Phone Companies Combine Familiar Services for New Call" 1869:

Société internationale de télécommunication aéronautique

1629:"New York State Approves Caller-Identification Service" 648:

block or fraudulently spoof caller ID to prevent being

525:: Add the incoming caller to the existing conversation. 483:) term for Type II caller ID with Disposition Options. 1149:

0197 (Telecom/Spark), *67 (Vodafone), #31# (2degrees)

1117:*67# (landlines) or #31# (most cell phone companies) 1109:*43 (landlines) or #31# (most cell phone companies) 997:*31# (landlines) or #31# (most cell phone companies) 1749:

Replace your first and/or middle name with initials.

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TrapCall Displays Blocked Numbers on Your Caller ID

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Choose how your info appears in the phone directory

1157:*67, 1167 (rotary phone), #31# (AT&T Wireless) 2006:– via siris-archives.si.edu Library Catalog. 919:and some other regions, the code is *67 (1167 on 594:to do the name lookup in a third-party database. 78:(CNAM). The service was first defined in 1993 in 3018:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1987 2794:"Caller ID Spoofing 101 and What To Do About It" 2699:"HOW TO: block your number when calling someone" 2505: 2503: 957:calling line identification restriction override 690:used to translate from one standard to another. 402:The first market trial for Caller ID and other " 172:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks 1622: 1620: 1261:Other countries and networks vary; however, on 685:Converter that converts from DTMF to FSK format 627:signalling using the 16 standard dialing tones. 221:calling line identification presentation (CLIP) 2891:"Why Robocallers Win Even if You Don't Answer" 2726: 2724: 515:: Send the incoming caller to the recipient’s 479:. "Call Waiting Deluxe" is the Bellcore (now 2940:WIKdnRBVbcvWzm3PnZ2dnUVZ_oSdnZ2d@giganews.com 1759: 1757: 8: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2763:"The Best Call Blocker Apps For Smartphones" 1423:in some countries or in certain situations. 584:if the name is not available in a database. 1909:"Inventor reveals the names behind numbers" 885:The caller ID information is masked when a 457:In 1995, Bellcore released another type of 375:'s telephone set manufacturing division in 2884: 2882: 2056: 2054: 2052: 692: 2798:AT&T Cyber Aware News and Information 1855:Cunningham v. Radius Global Solutions Llc 354:In May 1976, Kazuo Hashimoto, a prolific 203:Learn how and when to remove this message 2973:"Caller ID Information" at Privacy Corps 1827:Troutman, Eric J. (September 15, 2020). 1660:Claudia H. Deutsch (December 10, 2006). 1278: 1213:*23 or *23# (most cell phone companies) 1029:#31# (mobile phones) or *67 (landlines) 974: 327:The first caller identification receiver 123:calling line identification presentation 18:Calling line identification presentation 2903:from the original on September 10, 2019 2679:from the original on September 22, 2022 2108:from the original on September 22, 2022 2075:from the original on September 22, 2022 1858: (E.D. Tx. September 14, 2020). 1835:from the original on September 20, 2020 1798:"CLI localisation Under the Microscope" 1739:from the original on September 21, 2022 1733:List of CenturyLink operating companies 1707:from the original on September 21, 2022 1674:from the original on September 21, 2022 1641:from the original on September 22, 2022 1576: 1069:*31* (landlines), #31# (cell phones). 1053:#31# (cell phones) or 3651 (landlines) 898:calling line identification restriction 2804:from the original on February 28, 2019 2773:from the original on February 28, 2019 2613:from the original on February 15, 2019 2586:from the original on February 16, 2019 2522:from the original on February 15, 2020 2377:"How to modify your modem driver file" 2234:from the original on November 20, 2023 2202:from the original on November 20, 2023 2170:from the original on November 20, 2023 2134:from the original on February 29, 2020 2038: 2027: 1922:from the original on November 11, 2013 1766:"Caller ID: Consumer's Friend or Foe?" 2339:from the original on January 14, 2012 2277:from the original on January 29, 2019 2061:Elizabeth Douglas (August 19, 1999). 1998:from the original on October 16, 2007 1662:"Calling All Cheats: Meet Your Enemy" 80:International Telecommunication Union 7: 2922:MacIntyre, Doug (February 3, 2014). 2096:"AT&T; raises rates on features" 1778:from the original on October 3, 2022 1605:from the original on January 9, 2022 1522:Dialed Number Identification Service 1221:#31# (Cell Phones); 067 (landlines) 433:) conducted another market trial in 404:Custom Local Area Signaling Services 331:In 1971, Paraskevakos, working with 3013:Telephone service enhanced features 2946:from the original on April 13, 2024 2841:from the original on April 13, 2024 2761:Unuth, Nadeem (December 20, 2018). 2541:Fiegerman, Seth (August 19, 2016). 2094:James S. Granelli (July 17, 2007). 473:; it is technically referred to as 365:National Museum of American History 2645:from the original on March 6, 2020 2605:Brodkin, Jon (February 14, 2019). 2128:"How to Hide Your Number With *67" 1907:Milani, Kate (November 10, 2003). 1627:Anthony Ramirez (March 12, 1992). 795:SIN227 (V.23 FSK, line inversion) 294:Theodore George "Ted" Paraskevakos 25: 2835:The Telecom Compliance News Press 2669:Sean Fallon (February 17, 2009), 2555:from the original on May 14, 2018 2475:(FCC, July 3, 2003) at para. 173 1764:Anthony Ramirez (April 4, 1992). 1693:Clyde Haberman (March 19, 2009). 1489:list of miscellaneous information 875:Blocking and unblocking caller ID 856:illegal for fraudulent purposes. 658:Federal Communications Commission 476:Analog Display Services Interface 282:Telephone Consumer Protection Act 1804:. March 30, 2016. Archived from 1535: 1477: 942:Similarly, some countries offer 381:Enhanced Custom Calling Services 149: 2510:Sawers, Paul (March 24, 2017). 2413:. April 1, 2004. Archived from 2303:. April 1, 2004. Archived from 2020:. April 1, 1995. Archived from 1990:Hashimoto, Kazuo; Kilby, Jack. 715:Bellcore FSK / ETSI FSK / DTMF 234:automatic number identification 2978:Technical details of Caller ID 2889:Krouse, Sarah (June 4, 2018). 2697:Price, Leigh (June 19, 2012). 1566:Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009 1335:142 (dialling from landlines) 847:Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009 426:members of the original team. 1: 2924:"Caller ID information wrong" 2327:"Telecom New Zealand TNA 102" 1949:Patent # 4,242,539/12-30-1980 1317:*31# (Some mobile providers) 215:In some countries, the terms 115:calling number identification 1695:"B. Madoff, and Proud of It" 1520:, direct dialing inward, or 1093:#31# after network unlocked 967:Disabling caller ID delivery 562:Multiple Data Message Format 429:In 1987, Bell Atlantic (now 2222:"电话主叫识别信息传送及显示功能的技术要求和测试方法" 1333:*31# (dialling from mobile) 1272:Enabling caller ID delivery 141:Calling-line identification 95:calling line identification 70:'s telephone number to the 3034: 2471:February 25, 2013, at the 2363:November 20, 2023, at the 1960:AT&T Bell Laboratories 1406: 558:Single Data Message Format 2703:Telstra Corporate Affairs 1551:Calling Name Presentation 620:followed by a dual-tone). 435:Hudson County, New Jersey 274:Eastern District of Texas 76:Calling Name Presentation 66:(VoIP), that transmits a 1556:Local number portability 1486:This section contains a 320:and Carolyn A. Doughty. 296:, while working in as a 158:This section includes a 2983:Additional MDMF details 2896:The Wall Street Journal 2860:JD (January 22, 2013). 2488:47 C.F.R. § 64.1601(e). 2437:"Caller Identification" 1561:Location Routing Number 598:Other signaling methods 420:Bell System divestiture 361:Smithsonian Institution 298:communications engineer 187:more precise citations. 107:calling number delivery 3008:Authentication methods 2037:Cite journal requires 890: 686: 590:can use a third-party 481:Telcordia Technologies 443:US West Communications 431:Verizon Communications 328: 48: 2101:The Los Angeles Times 2068:The Los Angeles Times 2024:on November 20, 2008. 1992:"PhoneTel Collection" 1518:direct inward dialing 1377:1182 (rotary phone). 1359:0196 (Telecom/Spark) 1173:#31# (mobile phones) 1021:#31# (mobile phones) 1013:#31# (mobile phones) 884: 684: 513:Forward to Voice Mail 326: 314:United States patents 229:calling line identity 133:, does not work with 52:Caller identification 39: 2837:. January 22, 2013. 2732:"PCS Sites Redirect" 2307:on February 14, 2015 2271:"Caller ID Spoofing" 2227:. December 3, 1997. 731:Bellcore FSK / DTMF 677:Regional differences 349:banking by telephone 278:Article III standing 2742:on February 3, 2008 2387:on February 7, 2019 1205:#31# (Cell Phones) 989:#31# (cell phones) 948:telephone companies 889:Out call is placed. 699:Caller ID standard 570:Signalling System 7 471:Call Waiting Deluxe 337:Huntsville, Alabama 2574:Pai, Ajit (2017). 2447:on August 15, 2018 2195:. September 1997. 2163:. September 2000. 1977:2007-07-01 at the 1867:Formerly known as 1771:The New York Times 1700:The New York Times 1667:The New York Times 1634:The New York Times 1409:Caller ID spoofing 1403:Caller ID spoofing 961:cat-and-mouse game 953:Emergency services 894:Caller ID blocking 891: 854:caller ID spoofing 747:ETSI (Ring Pulse) 687: 447:Lumen Technologies 439:Memphis, Tennessee 397:Nélio José Nicolai 329: 160:list of references 49: 2932:comp.dcom.telecom 2417:on March 21, 2016 2381:Talking Caller ID 1808:on March 30, 2016 1543:Telephones portal 1513: 1512: 1397: 1396: 1259: 1258: 1141:*31*, #31# (KPN) 807: 806: 453:Type II caller ID 408:Bell Laboratories 383:. A video of his 341:Leesburg, Alabama 213: 212: 205: 37: 16:(Redirected from 3025: 3003:Calling features 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2886: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2827: 2814: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2738:. Archived from 2728: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2709:on March 4, 2017 2705:. Archived from 2694: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2571: 2565: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2507: 2498: 2495: 2489: 2486: 2480: 2466:18 FCC Rcd 14014 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2443:. Archived from 2433: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2383:. Archived from 2373: 2367: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2338: 2331: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2258: 2254:"47 CFR 64.1601" 2250: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2226: 2218: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2201: 2194: 2186: 2180: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2169: 2158: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2058: 2047: 2046: 2040: 2035: 2033: 2025: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1987: 1981: 1969: 1963: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1916:.com (Baltimore) 1904: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1761: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1744: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1657: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1624: 1615: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1604: 1590: 1581: 1545: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1508: 1505: 1499: 1481: 1480: 1473: 1301:*31* (landline) 1279: 975: 923:), while in the 905:unlisted numbers 787:DTMF / ETSI FSK 755:ETSI FSK / DTMF 693: 668:Mobile providers 583: 547:telephone switch 416:Western Electric 373:Northern Telecom 264:CLI localisation 208: 201: 197: 194: 188: 183:this section by 174:inline citations 153: 152: 145: 38: 21: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3023: 3022: 2988: 2987: 2964: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2829: 2828: 2817: 2807: 2805: 2792:Panagia, Adam. 2791: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2730: 2729: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2680: 2668: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2646: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2609:. Arstechnica. 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2556: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2509: 2508: 2501: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2483: 2473:Wayback Machine 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2411:Marilyn Ainslie 2407:"Caller ID FAQ" 2405: 2404: 2400: 2390: 2388: 2375: 2374: 2370: 2365:Wayback Machine 2356: 2352: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2310: 2308: 2301:Marilyn Ainslie 2297:"Caller ID FAQ" 2295: 2294: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2269: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2183: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2060: 2059: 2050: 2036: 2026: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1979:Wayback Machine 1970: 1966: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1925: 1923: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1866: 1862: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1838: 1836: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1796: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1779: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1742: 1740: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1659: 1658: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1626: 1625: 1618: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1541: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1509: 1503: 1500: 1493: 1482: 1478: 1471: 1429: 1411: 1405: 1376: 1334: 1274: 1238: 969: 877: 842: 837: 828: 816:British Telecom 812: 792:United Kingdom 679: 670: 645: 640: 600: 582:TOLLFREE NUMBER 581: 578:(city), (state) 543: 534: 531: 467:call waiting ID 455: 377:London, Ontario 318:Kazuo Hashimoto 290: 266: 209: 198: 192: 189: 178: 164:related reading 154: 150: 143: 32: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3031: 3029: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2963: 2962:External links 2960: 2958: 2957: 2914: 2878: 2852: 2815: 2784: 2753: 2720: 2689: 2656: 2624: 2597: 2566: 2533: 2499: 2490: 2481: 2458: 2428: 2398: 2368: 2350: 2318: 2288: 2262: 2245: 2213: 2181: 2145: 2119: 2086: 2048: 2039:|journal= 2009: 1982: 1964: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1899: 1872: 1860: 1846: 1831:. TCPA World. 1819: 1789: 1753: 1718: 1685: 1652: 1616: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1511: 1510: 1504:September 2023 1485: 1483: 1476: 1470: 1467: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1428: 1425: 1407:Main article: 1404: 1401: 1395: 1394: 1391: 1390:United Kingdom 1387: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1298:Czech Republic 1295: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1273: 1270: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1244:United Kingdom 1241: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1197:*31* (Telkom) 1195: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1183: 1182: 1179: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1151: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1079: 1078: 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2915: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2892: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2853: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2788: 2785: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2757: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2683:September 21, 2678: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2625: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2570: 2567: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2534: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2402: 2399: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2335: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2292: 2289: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2263: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2230: 2223: 2217: 2214: 2198: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2112:September 22, 2107: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2090: 2087: 2079:September 22, 2074: 2070: 2069: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2013: 2010: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1955: 1952: 1946: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1921: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1888: 1887: 1886:Business Week 1882: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1839:September 19, 1834: 1830: 1823: 1820: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1793: 1790: 1782:September 21, 1777: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1743:September 21, 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1722: 1719: 1711:September 21, 1706: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1686: 1678:September 21, 1673: 1669: 1668: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1645:September 21, 1640: 1636: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1587: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1507: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1484: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1459: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1427:Dip fee fraud 1426: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1416:voice over IP 1410: 1402: 1400: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1381: 1380: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1364:North America 1363: 1362: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1284: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1254: 1252:United States 1251: 1250: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1156: 1154:North America 1153: 1152: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1080: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1004: 1001: 1000: 996: 993: 992: 988: 985: 984: 980: 977: 976: 973: 966: 964: 962: 958: 954: 949: 945: 940: 936: 934: 930: 926: 922: 921:rotary phones 918: 917:North America 914: 909: 906: 901: 899: 895: 888: 883: 879: 874: 872: 870: 865: 862: 857: 855: 850: 848: 840:United States 839: 834: 832: 825: 823: 821: 817: 809: 803:Bellcore FSK 802: 799: 798: 794: 791: 790: 786: 783: 782: 778: 775: 774: 770: 767: 766: 763:Bellcore FSK 762: 759: 758: 754: 751: 750: 746: 743: 742: 739:Bellcore FSK 738: 735: 734: 730: 727: 726: 723:Bellcore FSK 722: 719: 718: 714: 711: 710: 707:Bellcore FSK 706: 703: 702: 698: 695: 694: 691: 683: 676: 674: 667: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 643:Telemarketing 642: 637: 635: 632: 626: 622: 619: 618:line reversal 615: 612: 609: 608: 607: 604: 597: 595: 593: 589: 585: 579: 573: 571: 565: 563: 559: 554: 552: 548: 540: 538: 524: 521: 518: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 496: 493: 492: 491: 489: 484: 482: 478: 477: 472: 468: 464: 461:, similar to 460: 452: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 388: 386: 382: 378: 374: 369: 366: 362: 357: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 325: 321: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 287: 285: 283: 279: 275: 272:In 2020, the 270: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 247: 241: 237: 235: 230: 226: 222: 218: 207: 204: 196: 186: 182: 176: 175: 169: 165: 161: 156: 147: 146: 140: 138: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 87: 83: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 64:voice over IP 61: 57: 53: 47: 43: 30: 19: 2950:November 26, 2948:. 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