768:) bites in Thailand, most victims had mild to moderate symptoms, but 27 of 145 patients (18.6%) developed permanently swollen limbs. There were only two deaths (related to intracerebral hemorrhage) and no amputations. The antivenin manufactured in Thailand seemed effective in reversing the blood clotting caused by the venom. Most patients remained stable and did not require antivenin. The authors suggested that victims not use traditional healers and avoid overuse of tourniquets. In a prospective phase of the study, bites occurred throughout the year but mostly early in the monsoon season (May and June).
631:
620:
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annually with a mortality rate of about 2 percent. Remarkably sedentary, it has often been found in the same spot several hours after an incident involving humans. Its venom causes severe pain and local swelling and sometimes tissue necrosis, but deaths are not common. Many victims are left with
644:
Dorsally it is reddish, grayish, or pale brown, with two series of large, dark brown, black-edged triangular blotches, which are alternating or opposite. There is also a thin dark brown vertebral stripe, which may be interrupted or indistinct in some specimens. The upper labials are pink or
1270:
Yingprasertchai, Senee; Bunyasrisawat, Srisurat; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi (2003). "Hyaluronidase inhibitors (sodium cromoglycate and sodium auro-thiomalate) reduce the local tissue damage and prolong the survival time of mice injected with Naja kaouthia and
Calloselasma rhodostoma venoms".
651:
Snout pointed and upturned. Rostral as deep as broad. Two internasals and two prefrontals. Frontal as long as or slightly longer than its distance from tip of snout, as long as or slightly shorter than the parietals. 7-9 upper labials. Loreal pit not in contact with the upper labials.
645:
yellowish, and powdered with brown. There is a broad, dark brown, black-edged diagonal stripe from the eye to the corner of the mouth, with a narrower light-colored stripe above it. Ventrally it is yellowish, uniform or powdered or spotted with grayish brown.
1125:
Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, Theakston RD, et al. (November 1986). "Randomized comparative trial of three monospecific antivenoms for bites by the
Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) in southern Thailand: clinical and laboratory correlations".
1345:
Daltry, Jennifer C.; Ross, Toby; Thorpe, Roger S.; Wuster, Wolfgang (1998). "Evidence that humidity influences snake activity patterns: a field study of the
Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma".
1745:
1308:
Ouyang, Chaoho; Yeh, Horng-I; Huang, Tur-Fu (1986). "Purification and characterization of a platelet aggregation inducer from
Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper) snake venom".
1157:
Ho M, Warrell DA, Looareesuwan S, et al. (May 1986). "Clinical significance of venom antigen levels in patients envenomed by the
Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma)".
1159:
1128:
638:
Attains an average total length of 76 cm (30 in), with females being slightly longer than males. Occasionally, they may grow as long as 91 cm (36 in).
1675:
1505:
1233:
Ponnudurai, G.; Chung, M.C.M.; Tan, N.H. (1994). "Purification and
Properties of the L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Malayan Pit Viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) Venom".
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1816:
1649:
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The venom of this species is used to isolate a thrombin-like enzyme called ancrod. This enzyme is used clinically to break down and dissolve
1067:
Chen JH, Liang XX, Qiu PX, Yan GM (May 2001). "Thrombolysis effect with FIIa from
Agkistrodon acutus venom in different thrombosis model".
1821:
330:
360:
270:
1002:
956:
882:
874:
1190:"Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for ancrod, a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma"
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dysfunctional or amputated limbs due to the lack of antivenom and early treatment. In a 2005 study of 225 Malayan pit viper (
1693:
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The smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 21 rows at midbody. Ventrals 138-157; anal plate entire; subcaudals 34-54 pairs.
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Catalogue of the Snakes in the
British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ...
198:
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A specimen with a total length of 81 cm (32 in) has a tail 9 cm (3.5 in) long.
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Wongtongkam, Nualnong; Wilde, Henry; Sitthi-Amorn, Chitr; Ratanabanangkoon, Kavi (April 2005).
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Trustees of the
British Museum (Natural History). London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.-XXV. (
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This species has a reputation for being bad-tempered and quick to strike. In northern
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is listed as "Java". There are unconfirmed, but credible reports from southern
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Snake
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, vol. 1
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Au LC, Lin SB, Chou JS, Teh GW, Chang KJ, Shih CM (September 1993).
1093:
Guangmei Yan, Jiashu Chen, Pengxin Qiu, Hong Shan. "Fibrinolysin of
655:
This is the only Asian pit viper with large crown scales and smooth
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148:
138:
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and the eggs are guarded by the female after deposition.
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around plantations, where it searches for rats and mice.
1160:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
1129:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
997:. US Govt. New York: Dover Publications Inc. 203 pp.
1017:"A Study of 225 Malayan Pit Viper Bites in Thailand"
1560:
1413:
834:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192168A2050205.en
8:
1062:
1060:
759:it is responsible for some 700 incidents of
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50:
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951:. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp.
832:
1235:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
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925:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
900:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
857:
855:
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801:
7:
780:(blood clots) in patients and lower
1782:IUCN Red List least concern species
949:Living Snakes of the World in Color
820:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
731:, orchards, plantations as well as
1359:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00391.x
1117:. Bull Sci. nat. GĂ©ol. 2: 79-83. (
869:. Herpetologists' League. 511 pp.
809:Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T. (2012).
14:
1817:Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
1393:C. rhodostoma at Thailand Snakes
75:
727:thickets, unused and overgrown
772:Venom and thrombosis treatment
1:
1387:Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
1285:10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.09.001
995:Poisonous Snakes of the World
1322:10.1016/0041-0101(86)90026-7
1838:
1822:Reptiles described in 1824
1142:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.1235
1119:Trigonocephalus rhodostoma
1069:Acta Pharmacologica Sinica
611:are currently recognized.
530:– Campden-Main, 1970
1389:. Accessed 9 August 2007.
1173:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.579
921:"Calloselasma rhodostoma"
723:Prefers coastal forests,
230:
223:
204:
197:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1115:Sur les Reptiles de Java
1034:10.7205/MILMED.170.4.342
544:Malayan ground pit viper
1592:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1562:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1395:. Accessed 21 Dec 2014.
1195:The Biochemical Journal
813:Calloselasma rhodostoma
766:Calloselasma rhodostoma
584:Calloselasma rhodostoma
526:Calloselasma rhodostoma
419:Calloselasma rhodostoma
208:Calloselasma rhodostoma
1792:Monotypic snake genera
1247:10.1006/abbi.1994.1401
977:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
635:
627:
504:Ancistrodon annamensis
471:Agkistrodon rhodostoma
458:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
445:Ancistrodon rhodostoma
1797:Reptiles of Indonesia
1097:Venom and its Usage."
827:: e.T192168A2050205.
634:Underside of its body
633:
622:
603:and on the island of
432:Calloselma rhodostoma
1807:Reptiles of Thailand
1802:Reptiles of Malaysia
552:Malayan ground snake
338:Tisiphone rhodostoma
947:Mehrtens JM. 1987.
238:Palisot de Beauvois
42:Conservation status
1095:Agkistrodon acutus
707:(Burma), northern
636:
628:
190:C. rhodostoma
1769:
1768:
1545:Open Tree of Life
1407:Taxon identifiers
1208:10.1042/bj2940387
1021:Military Medicine
993:U.S. Navy. 1991.
865:, Touré T. 1999.
548:Malayan pit viper
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784:to help prevent
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719:Habitat and diet
663:Geographic range
556:Malayan moccasin
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87:
84:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
57:Least Concern
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1606:Calloselasma
1561:
1445:Calloselasma
1415:Calloselasma
1414:
1398:
1382:Calloselasma
1380:
1353:(1): 25–34.
1350:
1346:
1313:
1309:
1276:
1272:
1238:
1234:
1199:
1193:
1164:
1158:
1133:
1127:
1118:
1114:
1094:
1089:
1075:(5): 420–2.
1072:
1068:
1024:
1020:
1010:
994:
976:
972:
964:
948:
928:. Retrieved
915:
903:. Retrieved
890:
866:
838:. Retrieved
824:
818:
812:
804:
786:heart attack
775:
765:
754:
742:
739:Reproduction
722:
666:
654:
650:
647:
643:
640:
637:
599:to northern
583:
582:
564:Calloselasma
563:
562:
561:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:
525:
512:
503:
491:
488:Calloselasma
487:
483:
470:
457:
444:
431:
418:
405:
401:
397:
384:
380:
367:
354:
350:
337:
327:praetextatus
326:
313:
302:
289:Calloselasma
288:
277:
266:
255:
244:
233:
207:
205:
189:
188:
170:Calloselasma
169:
168:
25:Calloselasma
24:
18:
1663:iNaturalist
1586:Wikispecies
1493:iNaturalist
1439:Wikispecies
863:Campbell JA
840:19 November
691:and on the
687:, northern
615:Description
587:, which is
508:Angel, 1933
484:Ancistrodon
368:rhodostomus
331:Gravenhorst
278:Ancistrodon
234:Agkistrodon
155:Subfamily:
1787:Crotalinae
1776:Categories
1746:rhodostoma
930:3 November
905:3 November
877:(series).
796:References
695:island of
693:Indonesian
609:subspecies
513:annamensis
492:rhodostoma
406:rhodostoma
385:rhodostoma
355:rhodostoma
314:rhodostoma
303:rhodostoma
159:Crotalinae
135:Suborder:
1430:Q13583152
1367:0906-7590
1347:Ecography
1330:0041-0101
1293:0041-0101
1255:0003-9861
1043:0026-4075
885:(volume).
761:snakebite
745:oviparous
667:Found in
625:West Java
576:pit viper
569:monotypic
464:Boulenger
402:Tisiphone
391:W. Peters
344:Fitzinger
267:Leiolepis
260:Fitzinger
256:Tisiphone
184:Species:
149:Viperidae
139:Serpentes
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1754:Species+
1681:11383321
1613:BioLib:
1571:Wikidata
1424:Wikidata
1301:14602119
1111:Kuhl, H.
1081:11743889
1051:15916307
757:Malaysia
729:farmland
677:Cambodia
673:Thailand
601:Malaysia
597:Thailand
517:–
495:–
475:–
462:–
451:Boettger
449:–
436:–
423:–
410:–
389:–
372:–
359:–
342:–
318:–
225:Synonyms
145:Family:
129:Squamata
119:Reptilia
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1655:2443815
1511:1310584
1485:2443814
1385:at the
1338:3775783
1310:Toxicon
1273:Toxicon
1263:8080286
1226:8373353
1217:1134466
1181:3706625
1150:3538922
778:thrombi
733:forests
709:Sumatra
705:Myanmar
685:Vietnam
589:endemic
579:species
497:Bourret
477:Barbour
425:GĂĽnther
320:F. Boie
218:, 1824)
165:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1707:192168
1694:634882
1642:795496
1616:731132
1577:Q69909
1550:705293
1524:209552
1365:
1336:
1328:
1299:
1291:
1261:
1253:
1224:
1214:
1179:
1148:
1113:1824.
1079:
1049:
1041:
1001:
971:1896.
955:
881:
873:
790:stroke
725:bamboo
713:Borneo
699:. The
521:, 1935
499:, 1927
479:, 1912
466:, 1896
453:, 1892
440:, 1875
438:Morice
427:, 1864
414:, 1863
393:, 1862
376:, 1860
363:, 1853
346:, 1843
333:, 1832
322:, 1827
309:, 1824
295:, 1860
284:, 1854
273:, 1853
262:, 1843
251:, 1822
240:, 1799
178:, 1860
1733:97758
1676:IRMNG
1668:30825
1506:IRMNG
1498:30824
1472:35729
751:Venom
669:Nepal
607:. No
595:from
572:genus
567:is a
282:Baird
1759:3576
1720:8717
1715:NCBI
1702:IUCN
1689:ITIS
1650:GBIF
1629:PW68
1537:8774
1532:NCBI
1519:ITIS
1480:GBIF
1459:3FQ8
1363:ISSN
1334:PMID
1326:ISSN
1297:PMID
1289:ISSN
1259:PMID
1251:ISSN
1222:PMID
1177:PMID
1146:PMID
1077:PMID
1047:PMID
1039:ISSN
999:ISBN
953:ISBN
932:2006
907:2006
879:ISBN
871:ISBN
842:2021
825:2012
788:and
697:Java
681:Laos
605:Java
519:Pope
374:Cope
307:Kuhl
293:Cope
249:Kuhl
216:Kuhl
176:Cope
1637:EoL
1624:CoL
1601:ADW
1467:EoL
1454:CoL
1355:doi
1318:doi
1281:doi
1243:doi
1239:313
1212:PMC
1204:doi
1200:294
1169:doi
1138:doi
1029:doi
1025:170
829:doi
591:to
412:Jan
400:. (
1778::
1756::
1743::
1741:RD
1730::
1717::
1704::
1691::
1678::
1665::
1652::
1639::
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1361:.
1351:21
1349:.
1332:.
1324:.
1314:24
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1275:.
1257:.
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1237:.
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1198:.
1192:.
1175:.
1165:35
1163:.
1144:.
1134:35
1132:.
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1071:.
1059:^
1045:.
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1019:.
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940:^
923:.
898:.
850:^
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817:.
792:.
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679:,
675:,
671:,
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550:,
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1053:.
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1005:.
959:.
934:.
909:.
844:.
831::
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558:.
486:(
398:T
381:T
351:L
214:(
64:)
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