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From spring to autumn, adults migrate inshore to estuaries and bays and females lay their eggs on sandy or muddy substrates. The eggs are contained in large yellowish capsules. After a few months, the egg case partially opens, enabling seawater to flow in to the egg. Juveniles emerge from the capsule
301:
The fish is silvery in colour with iridescent reflections and dark, variable markings on the sides. Males mature at 50 cm (1.6 ft) and females at 70 cm (2.3 ft), and the maximum length head to tail is 1.5 m (4.9 ft). It has an elongated body, which is smooth and torpedo
333:
At present this species is considered native to the waters of southern
Australia and New Zealand. However, it has been hypothesized that the New Zealand population and the Australian population may actually be separate species.
441:), though humans are more closely related to teleost fishes than to the Australian ghostshark. The Elephant Shark Genome Project was launched with the aim to sequence the whole genome of the elephant shark.
425:
of vertebrate genomes including humans, which shared a common ancestor with the
Australian ghostshark about 450 million years ago. Studies so far have shown the sequence and the gene order (
780:
766:
Venkatesh B, Kirkness EF, Loh YH, Halpern AL, Lee AP, et al. (2007) Survey
Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of the (Callorhinchus milii) Genome. PLoS Biol 5(4): e101
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342:
In South
Australia, they are caught by some recreational fishers in inshore waters during autumn and winter, typically from surf beaches or sheltered beaches.
1124:
637:
409:
The
Australian ghostshark was proposed as a model cartilaginous fish genome because of its relatively small genome size. Its genome is estimated to be 910
302:
shaped, with two widely separated, triangular dorsal fins. They use their hoe-shaped snouts to probe the ocean bottom for invertebrates and small fishes.
1134:
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In New
Zealand, Australian ghostsharks are exploited commercially, particularly during spring and summer when they migrate into shallow coastal waters.
982:
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450:
1021:
1083:
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293:, at depths of 0–200 m (0–656 ft). Despite several of its names, it is not a shark, but a member of a closely related group.
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and will sometimes discard ghostsharks due to the considerably lower price they fetch at market. They are also a popular target of
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has classified the
Australian ghost shark as "Not Threatened" with the qualifier "Conservation Dependent, Increasing" under the
1144:
528:
1026:
795:
Transcriptional activation of elephant shark mineralocorticoid receptor by corticosteroids, progesterone, and spironolactone
673:
Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2016).
803:
Transcriptional
Activation of Elephant Shark Mineralocorticoid Receptor by Corticosteroids, Progestins and Spironolactone
674:
90:
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907:
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that showed they lack a single gene family that regulates the process of turning cartilage into bone, and indicates a
776:
243:). Sharks, rays and skates are the other members of the cartilaginous fish group and are grouped under the subclass
325:
has a very sharp spine. The spine has been reputed to be venomous, but no serious injuries have yet been reported.
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563:
Roberts, Clive; Stewart, A. L.; Struthers, Carl D.; Barker, Jeremy; Kortet, Salme; Freeborn, Michelle (2015).
885:
596:
421:, the Australian ghostshark genome will serve as a useful reference genome for understanding the origin and
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657:) Elephant shark's genome - the first of a cartilaginous fish - exposes early evolution of vertebrates.
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Katsu, Y., Kohno, S., Oka, K., Lin, X., Otake, S., Pillai, N. E., ... & Baker, M. E. (2018).
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Katsu, Y., Kohno, S., Oka, K., Lin, X., Otake, S., Pillai, N. E., ... & Baker, M. E. (2019).
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long, which is the smallest among all the cartilaginous fishes and one-third the size of the
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Conservation status of New
Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016
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429:) are more similar between human and elephant shark genomes than between human and
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restaurants in New
Zealand and is sold as 'flake' or 'whitefish' in Australia.
372:, Victoria and in the inshore waters of south-east Tasmania. Their white flesh
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417:(3000 Mb). Because cartilaginous fishes are the oldest living group of jawed
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after six to eight months at about 12 cm (4.7 in) in length.
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Species Description of Callorhinchus milii at www.shark-references.com
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567:. Vol. 2. Wellington, New Zealand: Te Papa Press. p. 39.
682:. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 9.
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735:, (William Collins Publishers Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand 1982)
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Author: Byrappa Venkatesh, a comparative-genomics expert at the
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and south-east Tasmania, though this fishery targets the
618:
Murton, Shane (2017). "Winter weirdos elephant sharks".
854:
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Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (Singapore)
474:Walker, T.I.; Francis, M.P.; Reardon, M.B. (2015).
394:reported research into the Australian ghostshark
348:In Australia, they are caught by southern shark
49:Australian ghostshark at the Melbourne Aquarium
756:(Intl Specialized Book Service Inc. June 1991)
733:Collins Guide to the Sea Fishes of New Zealand
499:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41743A68610951.en
402:event gave rise to the transformation in bony
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638:Agency for Science, Technology and Research
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663:, 8 January 2014, accessed 9 January 2014
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455:New Zealand Threat Classification System
798:. Science Signaling, 12(584), eaar2668.
599:. The New Zealand Herald. 13 April 2012
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1063:2618ff41-9aac-4346-ad69-b9129a28a4fb
558:
556:
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1125:IUCN Red List least concern species
529:"Elephantfish, Callorhinchus milii"
485:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1135:Marine fish of Southern Australia
731:Tony Ayling & Geoffrey Cox,
597:"Boy hospitalised by fish spike"
89:
1:
752:P. R. Last and J. D. Stevens
310:is estimated to be 15 years.
27:Species of cartilaginous fish
772:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050101
754:Sharks and Rays of Australia
247:. Alternative names include
235:) belonging to the subclass
834:Fishes of Australia :
653:Why sharks have no bones: (
273:. It is found off southern
231:) is a cartilaginous fish (
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1140:Marine fish of New Zealand
451:Department of Conservation
565:The fishes of New Zealand
352:fishery, particularly in
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86:Scientific classification
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62:
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713:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
826:genome assembly in the
749:(Wiley, New York 2006)
727:. January 2006 version.
1145:Fish described in 1823
376:are very popular with
297:Morphology and biology
35:Australian ghostshark
492:: e.T41743A68610951.
362:Mustelus antarcticus,
223:Australian ghostshark
212:Bory de Saint-Vincent
366:recreational fishers
313:This fish has three
267:plough-nose chimaera
913:Callorhinchus_milii
900:Callorhinchus_milii
886:Callorhinchus milii
856:Callorhinchus milii
836:Callorhinchus milii
828:UCSC Genome Browser
747:Fishes of the world
717:Callorhinchus milii
659:, Brendan Borrell,
655:Callorhinchus milii
539:on 21 February 2019
533:Fishes of Australia
478:Callorhinchus milii
445:Conservation status
321:(like humans). Its
228:Callorhinchus milii
205:Callorhinchus milii
56:Conservation status
18:Callorhinchus milii
805:. BioRxiv, 265348.
777:Sequencing project
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1111:
848:Taxon identifiers
762:978-0-643-05143-0
388:In January 2014,
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535:. Archived from
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281:, and south of
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433:fish genomes (
385:
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245:Elasmobranchii
233:Chondrichthyes
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196:Binomial name
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601:. Retrieved
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543:11 September
541:. Retrieved
537:the original
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503:. Retrieved
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415:human genome
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384:Genome study
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329:Distribution
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996:iNaturalist
880:Wikispecies
505:12 November
419:vertebrates
404:vertebrates
358:gummy shark
354:Bass Strait
308:Maximum age
291:New Zealand
237:Holocephali
143:Holocephali
1119:Categories
698:1042901090
461:References
435:pufferfish
323:dorsal fin
139:Subclass:
820:View the
642:Singapore
620:FishingSA
603:April 13,
583:908128805
439:zebrafish
423:evolution
411:megabases
283:East Cape
275:Australia
263:whitefish
181:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
1014:10580575
970:FishBase
962:46561159
920:BioLib:
865:Wikidata
724:FishBase
626:: 36–39.
279:Tasmania
254:makorepe
241:chimaera
159:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
988:2417418
871:Q857994
823:calMil1
779:at the
431:teleost
427:synteny
374:fillets
350:gillnet
338:Fishing
169:Genus:
149:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
1102:278469
1089:278469
1076:598331
1060:NZOR:
1027:564644
923:138316
760:
739:
696:
686:
661:Nature
581:
571:
396:genome
391:Nature
214:, 1823
1097:WoRMS
1040:41743
1009:IRMNG
1001:96475
936:12662
680:(PDF)
269:, or
259:Māori
1084:OBIS
1053:7868
1048:NCBI
1035:IUCN
1022:ITIS
983:GBIF
975:4722
949:PVZD
931:BOLD
758:ISBN
737:ISBN
694:OCLC
684:ISBN
605:2012
579:OCLC
569:ISBN
545:2014
507:2021
490:2015
437:and
315:cone
285:and
257:(in
221:The
957:EoL
944:CoL
908:AFD
895:ADW
768:doi
494:doi
368:in
289:in
261:),
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
