Camelots du Roi - Knowledge (XXG)

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attackers wore Action Française armbands and insignia", and Blum's hat was found in the premises of the royalist movement Three Action Française suspects were arrested thanks to an amateur film seized by the police on which the insignia on the jackets can be seen, but not formally the one striking Léon Blum. On 24 April 1936, Louis-Gaston Courtois, former warrant officer, 38-year-old employee in an insurance company and Camelot du Roi, was sentenced to 3 months in prison and Léon Andurand was sentenced to 15 days by the

484:, Méric, Merle (du Merle blanc), Delannoy, designer of the Men of the day, and about thirty trade unionists, strong and hard that Georges tried to convince. One day, a mad fight! I arrive just in time to see Bernanos taken by the throat by a giant who, his fist raised, was about to crush his face. I jumped up, grabbed a chair, and, my strength increased tenfold by rage, broke it on the beefy man's head, who collapsed. General fight. The guards run up with their revolvers. Everyone is put in a cell. 340:

Public Instruction. In November 1908, the Council of Professors of the Faculty of Letters, chaired by Dean Alfred Croiset, authorized Thalamas, who did not have the title of Doctor of Letters, to provide a free course once a week throughout the winter on history pedagogy. This course was divided into twelve small courses. Trained by Maxime Real del Sarte, the Camelots du Roi decide to interrupt the lesson given by the professor every Wednesday, even if it meant resorting to violence.

933:. When it was created, the Faisceau stole 1800 adherents from the Action française between December 1925 and April 1926 in Paris alone. As a repeat offence, the Camelots du Roi sabotaged a meeting of the University Beam at the Salle d'Horticulture in Paris on 15 December 1925 by routing Georges Valois. Consequently, René Bardy, a former communist, was instructed by Georges Valois "to set up a security service capable of facing both Maurras's troops and those of the Communist Party". 532:, the Camelots du Roi helped the victims in various ways: soup kitchens, distribution of coal and clothing, ferries to cross or bring the victims to safety, collection of donations. The Camelots du Roi imagine themselves "in the most working-class neighborhoods, in the reddest suburbs of the outskirts with a certain guts, sometimes expelled by a stubborn police commissioner, as in Javel, or by a mayor like in Issy-les-Moulineaux ». In the suburbs of 1124:, suspected of sympathy with the right-wing leagues. On 6 February 1934, Édouard Daladier presented the new government to the National Assembly. At the same time, a large demonstration was organized in Paris, Place de la Concorde, at the call of several right-wing leagues including the Camelots du Roi on the theme: "Down with thieves!" 614: 33: 1634:

on the bulk of the royalist troops". Lucien Lacour's slap in the face of Aristide Briand at the end of 1910 also accentuated the tensions between Action Française and the Duke of Orléans. Eventually, the Duc d'Orléans' political office came under the control of Action Française, and remained in its hands for a quarter of a century.

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be "integral" insofar as it intended to respond to all the problems of French nationalists. For this, the Camelots du Roi gave themselves the right to use "violence in the service of reason" in accordance with the formula of Lucien Lacour Indeed, the Camelots du Roi are part of a strategy of conquest of power developed by

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rhythm and ensure meetings, such as in Bordeaux, Toulouse, Marseille, Nogent le Perreux, Rouen, Angers, Montpellier, Chambéry, Nantes, Riom and Saint Germain en Laye. The sections of Vannes, Nîmes, Lorient, Laval, Saint Denis, Nancy, Saint Nazaire, Tours manage to bring together members and activists from time to time.

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attendance at the annual Parisian banquet of the medical profession. From January to March 1935, the Camelots du Roi took an active part in the strike movement to protest against the “invasion of the medical profession” by foreign immigrants. These demonstrations are best known for the remarkable participation of

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improving relations with the German Empire and to the military training of reservists. The Camelots du Roi and the leaguers take part in numerous contradictory conferences as well as demonstrations in several cities: Bordeaux, Nice, Toul, Epinal, Toulouse, Limoges, Dijon, Orléans, Lille, Lyon, Rennes.

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In 1912, Marius Plateau created the commissioners of Action française in charge of policing meetings. This organization, directly affiliated with the Camelots du Roi groups, made it possible to form "combat groups" of 16 to 20 people. These marshals had to have two types of canes: an ordinary one and

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In 1912, the Camelots du Roi were subjected to a discipline "more severe than the simple leaguers of AF". Activists are forced to sell the newspaper at least twice a month, the absence of response to two summons is worth exclusion and political meetings are held weekly. Activists were responsible for

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The Camelots were the instrument of a policy of tumult on the part of Action Française. They were much more an armed force than a force of political proposal. The idea was to stir up trouble to remind public opinion of the royalist cause and thus bring in new recruits. The members of Les Camelots had

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published an interview with the Duke of Orléans, who denounced the violence of the King's Camelots, and who brandished the threat of a formal disavowal if their militants "continued not to distinguish between friends and enemies, and if a persistent error of maneuver pushed them to direct their fire

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The Camelots du Roi also lend a hand to other organizations. On Easter Sunday 1925, they ensured the order of a Catholic meeting; in March 1926, they defended a meeting of the Catholic Federation in Marseille; provide security for René Benjamin, attacked during his conferences by teachers' unions he

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developed by Charles Maurras at the beginning of the 20th century. This anti-republican and anti-democratic nationalism defended the establishment of a monarchy summed up in the "Maurrassian quadrilateral" as decentralized, hereditary, traditional and antiparliamentary. This nationalism was said to

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undertook to devote a free course to her in the middle of the Sorbonne, in the Guizot amphitheater. He traced in front of his listeners a historical picture, comparing the state of France in the XVth century with that of his time. He was wrapping up when a peace officer, followed by a Captain of the

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The Action française and the Camelots du Roi then seized on the affair, denouncing “the Bayonne scandal”. From a banal scam, the "Stavisky affair" became a politico-financial scandal that affected all circles of the established republic, in particular the radical party. Popular indignation leads to

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The Camelots du Roi also used stratagems. It happened that during a parade the Camelots at the head of the procession would go back to the tail of the procession to parade a second time, which they did, for example, on 28 November 1926, during the pilgrimage celebrating the dead of Action French in

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In 1913, faced with the threat of an armed conflict with the German Empire, Action Française decided to support the extension of the duration of military service under the Three Year Law. The Camelots du Roi clashed with left-wing activists who were unfavorable to this measure and more inclined to

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The first trial against a Camelot du Roi took place on 24 December: Serge Real del Sarte, a student at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, was accused of "violence against an agent". The same day, a group of 500 demonstrators, led by his brother Maxime and the Camelots, headed for the Senate and invaded the

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In 1904, the history professor Amédée Thalamas enjoyed a small reputation for having relativized the political role of Joan of Arc during the Hundred Years War and questioned her virtue as well as the supernatural character of the virgin of Orleans. He had received a reprimand from the Minister of

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Every day we saw the streets, the courtrooms invaded by gangs eager for violence and disorder; one saw statues of honest republicans worthy of veneration, stained, insulted; one felt that the electoral battle was going to take place in this atmosphere of hostility; the workers moved away from the

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Acting as both the Action Française security service, shock troops and activists of the movement, they fairly quickly caught the concerned attention of those in power, and above all of Aristide Briand who saw in them and in their violence poses serious dangers to the order and maintenance of the

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The Camelots du Roi come "on the one hand from the fairly discreet "volunteer sellers" of Action Française, which has become a daily newspaper, and on the other from the Students of AF". The movement brought together very different individuals: students from the upper classes (the three Real del

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of 1933 inflamed the debate by restricting the practice of medicine to French citizens without excluding naturalized people. In 1935, tensions were exacerbated and amplified by the propaganda of the Camelots du Roi. That year, Action française had at least 1,500 doctors in its ranks according to

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The Camelots are divided into local sections comprising approximately 40 men. At the end of 1909, there were 65 throughout France. In 1911, the Action française claimed 95 sections and 65 subsections, then 200 sections a year later. In 1931, the National Federation of Camelots du Roi claimed 50

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In the early 1930s, French doctors attributed their difficulties to a supposedly excessive number of doctors, that "would exceed the solvent demand for care". Action française, which exertex a great attraction in the medical community thanks to the rallying of eminent members of the profession,

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In 1914, the Camelots du Roi sought to maintain their meetings although attendance was down due to the war and the call-up of many militants. In September 1915, the Action française decided to suspend the activity of the Camelots du Roi. In 1916, some sections nevertheless managed to maintain a

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and several Camelots du Roi were arrested while heckling the play. Each performance gives rise to demonstrations of Action Française. On 3 March, the play is deprogrammed. On 4 March, Maurice Pujo was sentenced to one month in prison and a 25 franc penalty, César Berthollet to eight days and 16

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Left-wing forces retaliated by organizing a large anti-fascist demonstration. On 15 February 1936, the Socialists ransacked the office of the French Action section of the 14th arrondissement and injured a leaguer in the eye.The investigation into the attack on Léon Blum shows that "most of the

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sums up the spirit of the Camelots du Roi: "A cane in your hand and a book in your pocket". Mostly students, the King's Camelots show a pronounced taste for provocative farce, royalist folklore (they include the repertoire of Chouan songs) and confrontations with left-wing students and their

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Foreigners, especially Jews, could study medicine in France thanks to the law of 30 November 1892 which opened up the practice of medicine to any holder of a French doctorate, regardless of nationality. This displeased some medical students and doctors who referred to them as "wogs".

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In the 1920s, the success of royalism among students was such that the term "Camelot" came to designate any active member. The active members of the Camelots generally remained so for the time of their studies, and a certain number of them then entered the ranks of Action française.

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political opponents. Capable of mobilizing quickly and massively, Camelots often appear to outnumber them. Although their brutality earns them criticism, it inspires respect in their opponents. Their determination and taste for action give their action a revolutionary character.

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On the night of November 19 to 20, 1910, Camelots plastered the walls of Brest with a poster entitled Les Gloires de la République, which depicted a fat Jewish woman — wearing a Phrygian cap and Masonic garb, and attacked with virulence the Chairman of the Board

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as a writer and as a politician. He was their indisputable master, even if some gradually marginalized their position within Action Française, without however questioning their affiliation with this movement. The first president of the King's Camelots was named

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monitoring the actions of the Camelots du Roi as a kind of internal police and for reporting to the steering committee the threats against certain militants. Their obligations are heavy: they must be ready for all parades or demonstrations, and of course sell

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decreed in the hours following the dissolution "of the de facto associations and groups, hereinafter referred to as: the French Action League, the National Federation Camelots du Roi and the National Federation of French Action Students" on the basis of the

1383:, former Camelots du Roi, some of whom had already broken with Action Française before the war. Individual choices were also made in relation to Charles Maurras, some distanced themselves from him, others broke with him and others maintained their loyalty. 1620:, the Camelots du Roi embarrassed the right side almost as well. Their audacity, the violence of their polemics and their taste for street battles scandalized the royalists who had remained faithful to the conservative and legalistic spirit of Orleanism. 347:

grabbed Thalamas and slapped him. He fled. The young people left the room, spread out on the boulevard Saint-Michel, broke through the police roadblocks, crossed the Seine, and arrived at the statue of Joan of Arc, where they laid a wreath of flowers.

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thanks to a hoax telephone call to the Director of the prison. For this plan, Charlotte Montard delegates to a dozen Camelots du Roi, including André Real del Sarte and Pierre Lecœur, the responsibility of saturating the prison telephone lines.

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and Paul Guérin. Pierre Lecœur managed to baffle his detractors, who resigned. Several other resignations followed in Paris and in the provinces, and settling of accounts with “cane strokes on the premises of the newspaper” were reported by

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recalls that "the press campaigns carried out by groups of moderate republicans, the creation a little later of the Federation of the Lefts on the eve of the legislative elections of 1914 had, without a doubt, a greater repercussion".

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spoke at a meeting in the hall of learned societies against "French fascism". However, the Camelots du Roi attacked the three men by beating them and coating them with tar and printing ink. The victims narrowly escaped treatment with

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The campaign against Thalamas lasted three months, with numerous arrests for insults and violence against agents: in addition to those of Maurice Pujo and Maxime Real del Sarte, his brother Yves, Henry des Lyons, Marius Plateau,

281:. They were recruited on the one hand from the royalist group of the XVIIe district of Paris organized by Henry des Lyons to sell newspapers at church doors, and on the other hand from among the royalist workers and employees of 1142:, of the Jewish faith, whom the Camelots du Roi succeeded in putting into early retirement; or the intervention of Maurice Pujo bursting into a university classroom and dismissing the lecturer to give a lesson on French Action. 1425:, the anti-Semitic and anti-republican vision of the Camelots was at its peak and their actions reached a new level of violence. They led violent campaigns with renewed ardor, denouncing a republic led by "the jew Léon Blum". 457:

was arrested on 14 January, 8 February and 10 March 1909. During his last arrest, he was sentenced to 10 days in prison and a 25-franc fine. He recounted his incarceration and his fraternization with revolutionary militants:

1176:, the student propaganda organ of Action Française, published a whole series of articles hostile to foreign students starting in 1925 and reported "xenophobic incidents reported in the faculties or services of hospitals". 1080:

Gustave Tissier was arrested for fraud and putting into circulation false bearer bonds for an amount of 25 million francs. It was quickly discovered that Tissier ws only the executor of the founder of the Communal Credit,

1533:, who describes the 24 May gathering of young people who were members of the Camelots du Roi and the Action française like a "spectacle so rare in our Parisian streets, this virile elegance, this beauty, this nobility…". 327:, Armand du Tertre, Lucien Martin, Léon Géraud, Jean Dorange were appointed delegates. The man who decided the relationship of the Camelots with the central organization of Action Française, as well as discipline, was 1471:

This kept away those who were tempted to register with us in the sole hope of obtaining material relief the lazy, the voluntary unemployed where the police so easily recruit their informants did not last long with

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In 1930, the Camelots du Roi and the Ligue d'Action française waged a fratricidal war within the Action Française. Pierre Lecœur, secretary general of the Camelots du Roi, was accused of being a police informant by

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In the Seine department in 1912, out of 776 Camelots du Roi there were 253 employees, 173 students, 75 shopkeepers, 64 workers, 40 unemployed, 10 professors, 9 publicists, 3 pensioners, 3 engineers, 1 lawyer.

692:. As soon as the first performance was announced, the Camelots du Roi put up posters reproducing a letter in which Henry Bernstein boasted of having deserted During the second performance on 21 February 1911, 706: 363:

courtyard of the palace to cries of "Down with the republic!" to make themselves known. The Camelots du Roi did not hesitate to be voluntarily arrested in order to appear in a public trial and to get press.

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On 6 December 1910, Lucien Lacour was sentenced to three years in prison. He was finally released on 16 January 1912 after 422 days in prison. On 23 April 1912, the Camelots of King Henri Bourgoin and

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In April 1926, the Faisceau beat the Action française in the Paris region with 15 127 members against 13,500. The Camelots du Roi acted as agents provocateurs to sabotage the rise of the Faisceau.

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The year 1931 marked a new impetus in the activity of the Camelots du Roi. On November 27, 1931, the Camelots disturbed the International Disarmament Congress, organized by the School of Peace of

388:, tried to obstruct the Camelots du Roi. This episode is part of a period of "mythification" of Joan of Arc in French nationalist circles; it was one of the first feats of the Camelots du roi. 472:

There were all the same some hitches between the Camelots du Roi and anarchists, as illustrated by the testimony of the Camelot du Roi Georges Moyrizot, which nuances this prison friendship:

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On 22 June 1911, Henry Bernstein feeling offended by an article by Léon Daudet, the two men faced off in a duel. On 26 July 1911, a second duel pitted Maurice Pujo against Henry Bernstein.

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Goyard, Claude (1979). "Un aspect de la police politique sous la Troisième République : l'enquête et le rôle de la Sûreté générale dans l'affaire Stavisky". In Jacques Aubert (ed.).

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injured him. Despite the brutality of the attack, the doctors at the Hôtel-Dieu noted "a damaged ear and a ruptured arteriole". The President of the Council and Minister of the Interior

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speaks of a "vaillant troop but lamentable leadership". The action plans are lost a few days before the demonstrations and the event finds very little support in the provinces.

1096:, head of the financial section of the Paris prosecutor's office, uncovers the many relationships maintained by the scammer in the police, press and justice circles: the deputy 956:. On 30 May 1927, during the Joan of Arc Parade, the Camelots disrupted rival Catholic groups by transmitting counter-orders through clandestine hookups to the telephone line. 1018:. From June 9, 1927, Léon Daudet took refuge in the premises of Action française, rue de Rome, to evade justice. The Camelots du Roi and the leaguers barricaded the place like 604:, another imprisoned activist. They phone the director of the Central House of Clairvaux pretending to be the President of the Council. The stratagem will inspire telephonist 3526: 3751: 1566:

a second weighted one or a truncheon. Sometimes, political meetings give rise to real melee between Camelots du Roi and political adversaries. On 11 April 1934, a communist

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At La Santé, where we stayed, we fraternally shared our provisions with the navvies, we sang together, everything to everything: Long live Henry IV or L'Internationale.

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During the winter of 1908 to 1909, the Camelots du Roi damaged or even destroyed statues erected in Paris or in the provinces representing Dreyfusards or Republicans.

1372: 1053: 536:, the Action Française soup kitchen provided a thousand meals a day and the Camelots du Roi provided regular assistance to 172 families for a total of 882 people. 3252: 2269: 927:. This short-lived group intentionally overshadowed Action Française. Indeed, when he left Maurras, Georges Valois allegedly took with him the subscriber list of 3267: 1900: 1410:. From their creation, the Camelots du Roi engaged in virulent nationalist and anti-republican campaigns, with the avowed intention of bringing down the regime. 774:

At the end of the First World War, 10 of the 12 secretaries general and assistants of the Action française students between 1909 and 1914 were killed in action.

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every Sunday. Sales of the newspaper often give rise to brawls with right-wing and left-wing opponents, the outcome of which can sometimes be tragic, such as

1452:, Xavier d'Ercevillen, Guy de Bouteiller, Roger de Vasselot, Jean d'Orléans, Jean de Trincaud La Tour), but also recruits from a more humble position such as 989: 3501: 4381: 1347:

Despite the official dissolution, the Camelots du Roi, somewhat disorganized by the turn of events, did not disappear and maintained their activities.

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Few in number at the start, the first police reports mention about fifty members in January 1909. At the end of 1909, the police counted around 400.

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drove through the procession, boulevard Saint-Germain, in Paris. Recognizing the socialist deputy, a group of Camelots du Roi led by the hooded

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The Thalamas affair aroused passionate reactions; the thalamist and anti-thalamist camps confronted each other again during the year 1909. The

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Callu, Agnès; Gillet, Patricia (16 October 2020). "Les hommes de terrain : Lucien Lacour, Marius Plateau et Maxime Réal Del Sarte".

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stormed the tribune and expelled the personalities who occupied it. They had to evacuate the room to successfully get the Camelots out.

2894:. L’Action française. Culture, société, politique (in French). Vol. III. Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 267–280. 590:

Down with the Republic! Long live the king ! Down with Briand, supporter of Lafferre, the fichards and Israel against our country!

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On 16 February 1909, the professor was spanked in the middle of class, which became a "true feat of arms for the Camelots du Roi".

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Balace, Francis (2019). "Les Camelots du Roi. Une jeunesse contestataire et dérangeante dans le roman français : 1908-1914".

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During the first lesson, on 2 December 1908, students and Camelots invaded the Michelet amphitheater and caused a hellish uproar.

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had complimented Action française: "It would not have been possible without the Camelots du Roi". A probably apocryphal quote.

453:. Activists from both sides sympathized in prison and discovered a common enemy: the Republic. For example, the Camelot du Roi 200:

active from 1908 to 1936. It is best known for taking part in many right-wing demonstrations in France in the 1920s and 1930s.

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On 14 November 1926, the situation degenerated once again. Le Faisceau organized a punitive expedition to the premises of the

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sections, including 22 in the Bouches-du-Rhône. In 1934, the group declared 75 sections, including 32 for Bouches-du-Rhône.

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and the rhetoric of Charles Maurras' "four Confederate States". This position provoked many fights between militants of the

556: 1629:, whose director, Arthur Meyer was close to the duke. This traditional royalism seemed to have won when, on 20 March 1910, 1592:, in response to one of his articles in a Rouen republican newspaper : "It's not your idea that I despise, it's you". 1180: 672: 300: 4746: 4533: 1623:

This tendency was massively represented in the political office of Duke Philippe d'Orléans, and was found in the pages of

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La ligue d'action française : mode d'organisation et pratiques culturelles, sociales et politiques (1905-1936)

269:. Their name originated from their first vocation, that of ensuring propaganda by selling mainly the issues of the 5271: 4761: 873:

Caricature relating to the attack on Marc Sangnier, Maurice Violette and Marius Moutet in L'Œuvre of June 3, 1923.

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when they were ordered to serve a prison sentence following the complaint of the taxi driver Bajot quoted in the

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However, the merit of the promulgation of this law does not belong solely to the Camelots du Roi. The historian

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D'une guerre l'autre. L'Action française et les Juifs, de l'Union sacrée à la Révolution nationale (1914-1944)

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In 1934 they participated in the troubles like the other extreme right leagues, but they lacked organization.

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The demonstration degenerated into violence. The police opened fire and killed 17 people. Three days later, a

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In November 1930, the Camelots du Roi and Action Française students prevented the holding of a meeting of the

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Sternhell, Zeev (1976). "Anatomie d'un mouvement fasciste en France : le faisceau de Georges Valois".

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and dozens of anonymous Camelots du Roi were arrested, then released after spending a fortnight in prison.

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Arrest of a Camelot du Roi on the feast day of Joan of Arc on the fore-court of Notre-Dame. Postcard, 1909.

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Some prominent figures report extremely virulent remarks such as those of Bernanos who wrote to Professor

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Valois, Georges (2020). "Chapitre IV. Une année de fascisme pendant la grande crise de l'État français".

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declares "French youth loves greatness". Some intellectuals emphasize this aspect, such as the historian

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increased the number of naturalizations, which was denounced by medical unions and the Action française.

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On December 25, 1933, on the orders of the sub-prefect Antelme, the director of the Municipal Credit of

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The law was finally adopted on 7 August 1913. Charles Maurras boasted that the President of the Council

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In 1933, the economic crisis of America affected France and was accompanied by a political crisis, the

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constantly refer to the vigor, beauty and purity of youth, essential to the monarchist struggle. Thus

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On December 9, 1935, 97 Camelots du Roi from the 17th team of the 16th arrondissement of Paris sent a

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On 31 December, Maxime Real del Sarte was sentenced to fifteen days in prison for "insulting agents".

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franc, while the other Camelots du Roi received suspended prison sentences and a few francs penalty.

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Created on 16 November 1908, the formula "Camelots du Roi" was used for the first time in the daily

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In 1908, the Action française sought to equip itself with a youth militant organization. Commander

197: 160: 68: 4109:. Histoire et civilisations (in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 257–266. 4074:. Histoire et civilisations (in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 113–119. 4039:. Histoire et civilisations (in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 205–215. 1575: 1019: 385: 5325: 5285: 4862: 4414: 3283: 3233: 1341: 1082: 576:

nicknamed "Reinach Boule-de-Juif" (stings about his overweight, in reference to a short story by

185: 5158: 5123: 5058: 4857: 4673: 4618: 4424: 3771: 3073: 1355:

The Camelots du Roi followed different individual trajectories. Some engaged in resistance like

1262: 851: 438: 3970: 3632: 3599: 3578:

La « première victime du fascisme » : retour sur l'assassinat de Joseph Fontaine

3323: 548:, the Camelots du Roi build and furnish twenty-five barracks for workers, with the help of the 359:

Guard and a line of soldiers, asked him to come out. The listeners dispersed without incident.

5306: 5163: 5143: 5098: 5053: 5008: 4816: 4811: 4643: 4628: 4583: 4568: 4563: 4419: 4207: 4110: 4075: 4040: 4017: 3976: 3943: 3910: 3810: 3777: 3729: 3694: 3638: 3605: 3549: 3491: 3445: 3412: 3370: 3360: 3329: 3308: 3211: 3187: 3112: 3079: 3046: 3025: 2994: 2961: 2928: 2895: 2862: 1658: 1376: 1368: 1316: 1117: 1049: 838: 657: 622: 577: 545: 517: 3937: 2856: 1344:

of Paris. The third individual named Édouard Aragon, a 50-year-old architect, was acquitted.

5319: 5198: 5133: 5048: 5043: 4872: 4653: 3891: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1457: 1132: 803: 481: 454: 434: 404: 374: 47:

Camelots du Roi in front of the headquarters of Action Française, rue de Rome, 11 June 1927.

1085:, who organized this fraud under the complicit supervision of the Deputy Mayor of Bayonne, 830:

wrote: "someone (Germaine Berton) dared to turn the methods of the Camelots against them".

5239: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5013: 5003: 4983: 4942: 4922: 4882: 4796: 4658: 4404: 4325: 4298: 4222: 3295: 3245: 3213:

Les débuts de l'Action française (1899-1914) ou l'élaboration d'un nationalisme antisémite

1397: 1277: 1246: 1105: 1070: 795: 681: 569: 497: 311: 177: 5208: 5128: 1138:

Other incidents occurred at the Sorbonne, such as the campaign against the law professor

1101: 1061:. This crisis weakened Action française not only in terms of staff but also financially. 1022:. After three days of siege which gave rise to major fights with the police, the prefect 3744:

Manipulating History : The Camelots du Roi's campaign to quash Dreyfusard monuments

923:, a former member of Action Française, founded the first French fascist party, baptized 5347: 5331: 5278: 5153: 5063: 4993: 4968: 4892: 4698: 4688: 4678: 4633: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4268: 4247: 4242: 4232: 4212: 3322:

Levy, Richard S.; Bell, Dean Phillip; Donahue, William Collins; Madigan, Kevin (2005).

1581:

Their violence against their opponents is also verbal through their songs, notably the

1453: 1380: 1356: 1328: 1007: 920: 799: 791: 573: 320: 230: 87: 1026:

obtained the surrender of the two main madmen, who were immediately imprisoned in the

225:

prospected in the ranks of the army in search of a leader of men. In the end he chose

5392: 5297: 5103: 5028: 4932: 4721: 4693: 4588: 4227: 3909:. Documents et témoignages. Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 221–280. 3837: 1093: 1035: 842: 834: 751: 582: 399:

organizations or competing far-right organizations. They were originally directed by

392: 296: 1261:, accusing them of letting the movement collapse. The memorandum's signers included 897:

Caricature of Action française on its use of castor oil in L'Œuvre of June 17, 1923.

786:

Saccages de l’Ère nouvelle et de l’Œuvre par les Camelots du Roi le 23 janvier 1923.

5372: 5367: 5245: 5232: 5173: 5138: 5108: 5038: 5033: 4847: 4756: 4683: 4648: 4598: 4578: 4470: 4332: 4237: 4217: 4150: 3487: 2990:

Lettres à Charles Maurras : Amitiés politiques, lettres autographes, 1898-1952

2518:"Les immigrés, éternels indésirables - Histoire analysée en images et œuvres d'art" 1254: 1121: 1023: 976: 972: 826: 693: 537: 446: 355: 328: 2137: 2103: 2036: 2017: 1874: 1320: 1292: 1219:

Grève des étudiants dans le quartier latin dans L'Ami du Peuple du 3 février 1935.

295:

On 21 November 1908, the Camelots du Roi disrupted a reading-tribute dedicated to

4102: 4067: 4032: 3904: 3860: 3804: 3688: 3665: 3543: 3439: 3406: 3106: 3040: 2988: 2955: 2922: 2889: 2709: 2207: 1705: 555:

Previously, Action française had financed barracks to rehouse the victims of the

5225: 5203: 5178: 5148: 5113: 4988: 4973: 4963: 4668: 4273: 3634:

La Cagoule: Histoire d'une société secrète du Front populaire à la Ve République

1324: 1266: 1166:

interfered in this debate by placing the blame on foreign doctors and students.

1146: 924: 395:

their fief. The Camelots were involved in many brawls and street-fights against

193: 4359: 5356: 5313: 4501: 3382:

Maitron, Jean; Davranche, Guillaume; Steiner, Anne (2020). "Berton Germaine".

1285: 1131:

in turn degenerated and killed four people. Édouard Daladier must give way to

847: 274: 32: 3895: 3690:

Les Camelots du roi au secours des sinistrés des inondations de Paris en 1910

3374: 5088: 5018: 3383: 412: 396: 1302:

Excerpts from film footage depicting the attack on Léon Blum, published in

736:

Duel between Maurice Pujo and Henry Bernstein in Excelsior on July 27, 1911

351:

On 9 December, the royalists demonstrated more vigorously at the Sorbonne.

986:

Between 1932 and 1933, pacifists and royalists clashed on many occasions.

724:

Duel between Léon Daudet and Henry Bernstein in Excelsior on June 22, 1911

4477: 1617: 1120:

as Chairman of the Board. He immediately dismisses the prefect of police

189: 149: 1574:

was killed by the Camelots du Roi during a private meeting organized in

1006:

In 1927, the Camelots du Roi actively participated in the protection of

2214: 2144: 2110: 2043: 2024: 1881: 1712: 1161:

Demonstration of Parisian students in front of the Faculty of Medicine.

1077: 586:). The next day, Lucien Lacour managed to slap Briand twice, shouting: 504:, but the urgency of the war quickly put an end to this rapprochement. 278: 2993:(in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. pp. 179–227. 2407: 2405: 4515: 133: 3576: 3325:

Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution

1506:, killed on 3 February 1935 during a confrontation with communists. 4155: 1315:

On February 13, 1936, during the funeral of the royalist historian

790:

On January 22, 1923, the Secretary General of the Camelots du Roi,

476:

During the day we were in the political regime, with the people of

4902: 4842: 4837: 2545: 2543: 1846: 1844: 1297: 418:(1838–1894) and hence the Orleanist heir to the throne of France. 3604:. Presses universitaires de France (réédition numérique FeniXX). 3022:

Camelots du roi : les troupes de choc royalistes (1908-1936)

1578:. The Camelots du Roi are recognized in a state of self-defense. 1448:

Sarte brothers, Henry des Lyons, Armand du Tertre, de Lauriston,

861:

was created in homage to the exemplary legacy of Marius Plateau.

712:

Maurice Pujo is taken to the polisce station on February 20, 1911

3203:

Cette vilaine affaire Stavisky, Histoire d'un scandale politique

3184:À l'école de l'Action française, un siècle de vie intellectuelle 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1683: 1681: 1679: 4363: 4159: 1421:

and militants of Action Française during the 1930s. During the

1108:, the editors of newspapers Albert Dubarry and Camille Aymard. 1104:, the Minister for the Colonies and former Minister of Justice 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 1367:

while others preferred to take the path of collaboration like

1276:

These activists then formed the National Revolutionary Party (

1207:

Manifestations des étudiants dans Excelsior du 3 février 1935.

906:

Attack on the premises of Action Française by the Faisceau in

3906:

L'homme contre l'argent : Souvenirs de dix ans 1918-1928

3519:"La haine et la ferveur. Léon Blum agressé - 13 février 1936" 4853:

Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain

4016:(in French). Presses universitaires du Septentrion. 2019. 638:

Caricature by Lucien Lacour correcting Aristide Briand in

4033:"Les jeunesses d'Action française avant la Grande Guerre" 1231:

La grève des étudiants dans Paris-Soir du 3 février 1935.

516:

The Camelots du Roi rebuild the houses of the flooded at

445:

In the 1910s, the Camelots du Roi briefly befriended the

2368: 2366: 2329: 2327: 2325: 1773: 1771: 2680: 2678: 2226: 1948: 1946: 273:

newspaper in the streets of Paris, hence their name of

3411:(in French). Nouvelles Éditions Latines. p. 489. 2738: 2019:

Almanach de l'Action française de 1913, p. 59-76

1819: 1817: 1815: 1073:, with the rise of anti-parliamentarianism in France. 676:

The Camelots du Roi at the courthouse on 4 March 1911.

391:

Recruited among the student population, they made the

4107:

L'Action française : culture, société, politique

4072:

L'Action française : culture, société, politique

4037:

L'Action française : culture, société, politique

4014:

L'Action française : culture, société, politique

3357:

l'Action française : culture, société, politique

2749: 2747: 2167: 2165: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1419:

International League against Racism and Anti-Semitism

1034:

escaped Léon Daudet, Joseph Delest and the communist

885:

Appearance of three Camelots du Roi on June 27, 1923.

354:

On 23 December, wanting to rehabilitate Joan of Arc,

2121: 2119: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1790: 1788: 1786: 1463:

After the incarceration of the 15-year-old militant

319:, while Henry des Lyons was the national secretary. 5340: 5263: 5217: 4956: 4825: 4707: 4556: 4438: 4397: 4307: 4286: 4261: 4200: 4193: 4151:

Lyrics of the Chanson des Camelots du roi 1908-1910

3108:

Mitterrand, entre Cagoule et Francisque (1935-1945)

3042:

Le rendez-vous manqué des relèves des années trente

2617: 2615: 2139:

Almanach de l'Action française de 1912, p. 102

2105:

Almanach de l'Action française de 1912, p. 101

2054: 2052: 1876:

Almanach de l'Action française de 1910, p. 54

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Presses universitaires du Septentrion. 3024:(in French). Boulogne Billancourt: Défi. 2957:L'affaire Salengro: quand la colomnie tue 2471: 2372: 2333: 2091: 1835: 1288:, which carried out the attack on future 544:of 1911. From February 17 to April 20 in 4146:Audio of the Chanson des Camelots du roi 3078:. (Seghers) réédition numérique FeniXX. 2684: 2561: 1952: 1823: 1777: 1545: 1513:The organization strongly values youth. 1156: 1092:The investigation, led in particular by 988: 901: 781: 671: 540:gives an account of these events in the 511: 425: 212: 182:Fédération nationale des Camelots du Roi 5419:Youth organizations established in 1908 4913:National Council of European Resistance 3670:(in French). Paris: Ernest Flammarion. 3444:. (Perrin) réédition numérique FeniXX. 3251:CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3216:(in French). London. pp. 695–718. 2858:Georges Bernanos, la colère et la grâce 2696: 2594:RetroNews - Le site de presse de la BnF 2573: 2316: 2238: 1675: 1596:A threat to order and to the right side 1197: 863: 702: 620:Lucien Lacour slaps Aristide Briand in 610: 3542:Montagnon, Pierre (15 December 2012). 3504:from the original on 28 September 2021 3475:. Paris: Nouvelle librairie nationale. 3291: 3281: 3241: 3231: 2927:. 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Presses universitaires de France. 2908:from the original on 20 October 2022 2801: 2765: 2621: 2447: 2058: 1976: 1862: 1030:. On June 25, 1927, the telephonist 4066:Vergez-Chaignon, Bénédicte (2019). 3989:from the original on 4 October 2023 3823:from the original on 4 October 2023 3790:from the original on 4 October 2023 3741:Ronsenblatt, Brooke Stacey (2005). 3651:from the original on 4 October 2023 3618:from the original on 4 October 2023 3585:from the original on 4 October 2023 3562:from the original on 4 October 2023 3483:Léon Blum - la morale et le pouvoir 3458:from the original on 4 October 2023 3169:from the original on 6 October 2022 3125:from the original on 4 October 2023 3092:from the original on 4 October 2023 2941:from the original on 4 October 2023 1734:from the original on 4 October 2023 798:, an anarchist militant, to avenge 778:The assassination of Marius Plateau 16:French far-right youth organization 4938:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms 4737:Federation of Nationalist Students 4484:French National-Collectivist Party 4123:from the original on 26 April 2022 4088:from the original on 26 April 2022 4053:from the original on 26 April 2022 3806:Les grandes catastrophes en France 3598:Petitfils, Jean-Christian (1987). 3529:from the original on 15 April 2021 3007:from the original on 26 April 2022 1519:Critical review of ideas and books 806:, and also to protest against the 496:This relationship deepened in the 14: 3770:Rosenthal, L.; Rodic, V. (2014). 3523:Notes de la Fondation Jean-Jaurès 3388:. Maitron/Éditions de l'Atelier. 3142:. Genève: Droz. pp. 177–206. 1153:Xenophobic demonstrations of 1935 5434:1936 disestablishments in France 4807:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups 4103:"L'Action française en Provence" 3956:from the original on 23 May 2022 3869:from the original on 23 May 2022 3846:from the original on 31 May 2022 3693:(in French). Éditions de Flore. 3342:from the original on 23 May 2022 3270:from the original on 7 June 2022 3220:from the original on 31 May 2022 3059:from the original on 23 May 2022 2974:from the original on 23 May 2022 2720:from the original on 3 June 2022 2600:from the original on 31 May 2022 2528:from the original on 7 June 2022 1707:L'Action française du 16/11/1908 1407:Si le coup de force est possible 1224: 1212: 1200: 890: 878: 866: 729: 717: 705: 649: 631: 613: 40: 31: 4802:Rassemblement National Français 3156:Histoire des sciences médicales 2299:from the original on 8 May 2023 2272:from the original on 8 May 2023 2209:L'Action française du 14/7/1919 1903:from the original on 8 May 2023 1899:(in French), 25 December 1908, 1135:at the head of the government. 437:and syndicalists fraternize in 3862:Le Fascisme Français 1924-1933 3750:(MA). University of Maryland. 3266:(in French). pp. 97–124. 1282:Parti national révolutionnaire 542:Almanach de l'Action française 522:Almanach de l'Action française 1: 5424:1908 establishments in France 5264:Active publications and media 4534:Revolutionary Social Movement 3140:L'État et sa police en France 2891:Le maurrassisme et la culture 2855:Angelier, Françomois (2021). 968:devoted to "Germany and us". 668:Protests at Comédie-Française 94:Philippe Roulland (1930-1932) 4918:National Republican Movement 4453:Antisemitic League of France 4391:Far-right politics in France 3385:Dictionnaire des anarchistes 3210:Joly, Laurent (March 2006). 3149:"La loi du 30 novembre 1892" 2080:Leymarie & Prévotat 2008 1921:Leymarie & Prévotat 2008 1616:But if they antagonized the 1043:The great dissidence of 1930 993:Surrender of Léon Daudet in 411:(1869–1926), the son of the 4878:Equality and Reconciliation 4540:Service d'ordre légionnaire 4253:George de Villebois-Mareuil 3631:Bourdrel, Philippe (2017). 3182:Huguenin, François (1998). 2596:(in French). 10 July 2018. 2268:(in French), 28 June 1923, 1583:hymn of the Camelots du Roi 1456:, stock market errand boy, 5450: 4782:Organisation Armée Secrète 4727:European Rally for Liberty 4031:Sanson, Rosemonde (2019). 3601:L'Extrême-droite en France 3581:(MA). Université de Caen. 3020:Cheneseau, Xavier (1997). 2716:(in French). 5 June 1936. 2295:(in French), 5 June 1923, 2006:Rosenthal & Rodic 2014 1195:under xenophobic banners. 915:The dissidence of Faisceau 859:Association Marius Plateau 4344:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 3480:Monier, Frédéric (2016). 3471:Maurras, Charles (1935). 3105:Gerber, François (2016). 1542:Violence and provocations 1251:Mémoire sur l'immobilisme 995:Le Petit Journal illustré 960:Against interwar pacifism 908:Le Petit Journal illustré 563:The coup of Lucien Lacour 422:Exchanges with anarchists 92:Pierre Lecœur (1923-1930) 39: 30: 5414:French far right leagues 5218:Ideologies and movements 3936:Vergnon, Gilles (2019). 3896:10.3406/rfsp.1976.393652 3473:Enquête sur la monarchie 3303:Levy, Richard S (2005). 3201:Jankowski, Paul (2000). 3147:Hoerni, Bernard (1998). 3072:Franju, Jacques (1963). 2954:Bermond, Daniel (2011). 2924:Marc Sangnier, 1873-1950 1243:Memorandum on immobility 1083:Serge Alexandre Stavisky 1002:The siege of Rome street 857:On 22 January 1930, the 109:Jules Keller (1932-1936) 4747:Front Algérie Française 4101:Gaudin, Gérard (2019). 3307:(in French). ABC-CLIO. 2251:Barthélemy-Madaule 1973 1694:Callu & Gillet 2020 5377:Algiers putsch of 1961 5363:6 February 1934 crisis 4928:Rassemblement National 4868:Carrefour de l'Horloge 4529:National Popular Rally 4349:Philippe Daudet affair 3969:Vigreux, Jean (2016). 3859:Soucy, Robert (1989). 3687:Pujo, Maurice (2021). 3664:Pujo, Maurice (1933). 3438:Massis, Henri (1961). 3405:Marty, Albert (1968). 3260:Joly, Laurent (2012). 3039:Dard, Olivier (2002). 1727:Le Courrier de Tlemcen 1614: 1555: 1480: 1434:Organization structure 1334:law of 10 January 1936 1307: 1295:on February 13, 1936. 1281: 1257:, Georges Calzant and 1250: 1162: 1016:Philippe Daudet Affair 998: 943:, in the rue de Rome. 911: 808:occupation of the Ruhr 794:, was assassinated by 787: 677: 592: 525: 492: 470: 442: 243: 218: 181: 107:André Guignard (-1932) 4458:Breton National Party 4002:Weber, Eugen (1997). 3803:Rouzet, Jean (2009). 2838:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2826:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2790:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2778:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2550:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2436:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2412:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2397:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2346:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2196:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2184:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 2157:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 1965:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 1851:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 1763:Schmidt-Trimborn 2017 1649:6 February 1934 riots 1549: 1537:The methods of action 1361:Jean Ebstein-Langevin 1301: 1259:Maxime Real del Sarte 1160: 1129:counter-demonstration 992: 919:On 11 November 1925, 905: 785: 675: 550:Marquise de Mac Mahon 515: 429: 401:Maxime Real del Sarte 345:Maxime Real del Sarte 317:Maxime Real del Sarte 310:great admiration for 235:Alexis Ballot-Beaupré 227:Maxime Real del Sarte 216: 58:Maxime Real del Sarte 5252:Révolution nationale 4752:Groupe Union Défense 4717:Charles Martel Group 4547:Solidarité Française 4489:French Popular Party 3809:. Ixelles Éditions. 3575:Noël, David (2016). 2861:(in French). Seuil. 2710:"L'Action française" 2493:Vergez-Chaignon 2019 1654:Bloody Sunday (1926) 1568:counter-demonstrator 1554:of 12 February 1932. 1402:Henri Dutrait-Crozon 1393:integral nationalism 1306:of February 16, 1936 841:, and the socialist 766:During the Great War 641:L'Assiette au beurre 451:anarcho-syndicalists 449:, in particular the 145:Integral nationalism 5353:Franco-Prussian War 5099:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 4908:League of the South 4898:Generation Identity 4787:Party of New Forces 4767:Nouvelle Résistance 4523:Mouvement Franciste 4509:Ligue des Patriotes 4495:Jeunesses Patriotes 4339:La Nation française 3736:. Paris: Economica. 3667:Les Camelots du roi 2646:Monier@JJaurès 2016 1606:Republican Party... 1450:Théodore de Fallois 1415:State anti-Semitism 1193:François Mitterrand 1173:L'Étudiant français 981:Jeunesses patriotes 966:Human Rights League 910:of 28 November 1926 684:presented his play 662:of December 7, 1910 626:, December 4, 1910. 534:Issy-les-Moulineaux 5409:French Integralism 5272:Boulevard Voltaire 4792:Phalange Française 4004:L'Action française 3730:Renouvin, Bertrand 2768:, p. 156-157. 2636:, p. 118-121. 2522:histoire-image.org 2414:, p. 661-663. 1696:, p. 179-227. 1556: 1515:L'Action française 1499:L'Action française 1342:correctional court 1308: 1163: 1028:prison de la Santé 999: 954:Vaugirard cemetery 930:L'Action française 912: 788: 742:The Three Year Law 680:In February 1911, 678: 608:a few years later. 602:Gabriel de Baleine 526: 489:Georges Moyrizot, 467:Georges Bernanos, 443: 266:L'Action française 248:L'Action française 219: 148: • 143: • 5386: 5385: 5194:Tixier-Vignancour 4762:L'Œuvre Française 4639:Drieu La Rochelle 4357: 4356: 4282: 4281: 4208:Jacques Bainville 3982:979-10-210-1357-5 3949:978-2-7535-6699-6 3916:978-2-7574-2740-8 3783:978-1-137-46278-7 3700:978-2-900689-19-6 3644:978-2-226-37760-9 3611:978-2-13-067881-6 3555:978-2-7564-0940-5 3497:978-2-200-35589-0 3451:978-2-262-09288-7 3418:978-2-7233-0325-5 3335:978-1-85109-439-4 3292:|periodical= 3242:|periodical= 3118:978-2-8098-2043-0 3085:978-2-232-14446-2 3052:978-2-13-051544-9 3000:978-2-7574-2124-6 2967:978-2-03-584841-3 2934:979-10-369-0448-6 2901:978-2-7574-2145-1 2868:978-2-02-137028-7 2670:Monier@Colin 2016 2634:Monier@Colin 2016 1659:Absolute monarchy 1611:Aristide Briand, 1465:Roger de Vasselot 1377:Robert Brasillach 1369:Jacques de Mahieu 1317:Jacques Bainville 1118:Camille Chautemps 1059:Jean de Fabrègues 1050:Bernard de Vesins 1032:Charlotte Montard 997:of June 26, 1927. 690:Comédie-Française 656:Lucien Lacour in 623:Le Petit Parisien 606:Charlotte Montard 478:La Guerre sociale 287:Firmin Bacconnier 254:Gazette de France 172:, officially the 166: 165: 84:Secretary General 48: 5441: 5399:Action Française 5320:Radio Courtoisie 5301: 4957:Post-1945 people 4888:The Nationalists 4873:Debout la France 4833:Action Française 4710:post-1945 groups 4447:Action Française 4384: 4377: 4370: 4361: 4198: 4187:Action Française 4180: 4173: 4166: 4157: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4027: 4007: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3899: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3756: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3637:. Albin Michel. 3627: 3625: 3623: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3476: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3378: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3318: 3299: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3237: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3206: 3205:. Paris: Fayard. 3197: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3153: 3143: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3075:Le grand canular 3068: 3066: 3064: 3035: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2742: 2739:Levy et al. 2005 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2586: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2547: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2490: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2409: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2382: 2376: 2370: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2331: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2306: 2304: 2287: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2205: 2199: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2114: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2034: 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Peuple 4923:Party of France 4883:Europe-Jeunesse 4858:Cité catholique 4821: 4797:Radical Network 4709: 4703: 4557:Pre-1945 people 4552: 4464:Camelots du Roi 4439:Pre-1945 groups 4434: 4393: 4388: 4358: 4353: 4326:Je suis partout 4315:Acción Española 4303: 4299:Cercle Proudhon 4294:Camelots du Roi 4278: 4257: 4223:Charles Maurras 4189: 4184: 4142: 4137: 4126: 4124: 4117: 4100: 4091: 4089: 4082: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4047: 4030: 4024: 4012: 4001: 3992: 3990: 3983: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3950: 3935: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3902: 3881: 3872: 3870: 3858: 3849: 3847: 3835: 3826: 3824: 3817: 3802: 3793: 3791: 3784: 3769: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3740: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3701: 3686: 3677: 3675: 3663: 3654: 3652: 3645: 3630: 3621: 3619: 3612: 3597: 3588: 3586: 3574: 3565: 3563: 3556: 3541: 3532: 3530: 3516: 3507: 3505: 3498: 3479: 3470: 3461: 3459: 3452: 3437: 3428: 3426: 3419: 3404: 3395: 3393: 3381: 3367: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3336: 3321: 3315: 3302: 3290: 3280: 3273: 3271: 3259: 3250: 3240: 3230: 3223: 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424: 409:duke of Orléans 337: 335:Thalamas affair 312:Charles Maurras 283:L'Accord social 260:L'Accord social 211: 206: 170:King's Camelots 152: 147: 108: 97:Georges Calzant 95: 93: 91: 49: 25:Camelots du Roi 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5447: 5445: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5391: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5380: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5350: 5348:Dreyfus affair 5344: 5342: 5341:Notable events 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5310: 5307:Nouvelle École 5303: 5293:National-Hebdo 5289: 5282: 5275: 5267: 5265: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5257: 5256: 5255: 5243: 5236: 5229: 5221: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4960: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4893:French Renewal 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4829: 4827: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4817:Unité Radicale 4814: 4812:Troisième Voie 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4574:Benoist-Méchin 4571: 4566: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4550: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4401: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4379: 4372: 4364: 4355: 4354: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4288: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4269:Pierre Boutang 4265: 4263: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4255: 4250: 4248:Henri Vaugeois 4245: 4243:Georges Valois 4240: 4235: 4233:Marius Plateau 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4183: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4140:External links 4138: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4115: 4098: 4080: 4063: 4045: 4023:978-2757421239 4022: 4009: 4008: 3999: 3981: 3975:. Tallandier. 3966: 3948: 3933: 3915: 3900: 3879: 3856: 3833: 3815: 3800: 3782: 3767: 3738: 3726: 3717: 3699: 3684: 3661: 3643: 3628: 3610: 3595: 3572: 3554: 3539: 3514: 3496: 3477: 3468: 3450: 3435: 3417: 3402: 3379: 3365: 3352: 3334: 3319: 3313: 3300: 3257: 3207: 3198: 3192: 3179: 3144: 3135: 3117: 3111:. L'Archipel. 3102: 3084: 3069: 3051: 3036: 3030: 3017: 2999: 2984: 2966: 2951: 2933: 2918: 2900: 2885: 2867: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2840:, p. 170. 2830: 2828:, p. 233. 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2758: 2743: 2731: 2701: 2689: 2674: 2672:, p. 146. 2662: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2611: 2578: 2566: 2554: 2552:, p. 793. 2539: 2509: 2497: 2476: 2472:Jankowski 2000 2464: 2452: 2450:, p. 117. 2440: 2438:, p. 671. 2428: 2416: 2401: 2399:, p. 488. 2389: 2387:, p. 161. 2377: 2373:Petitfils 1987 2362: 2350: 2348:, p. 482. 2338: 2321: 2309: 2282: 2265:L'Ère nouvelle 2255: 2243: 2231: 2219: 2200: 2198:, p. 284. 2188: 2186:, p. 274. 2176: 2161: 2159:, p. 220. 2149: 2130: 2115: 2096: 2092:Montagnon 2012 2084: 2082:, p. 334. 2072: 2063: 2048: 2029: 2010: 1998: 1981: 1969: 1967:, p. 172. 1957: 1942: 1925: 1923:, p. 219. 1913: 1886: 1867: 1855: 1853:, p. 164. 1840: 1836:Rasmussen 1997 1828: 1811: 1799: 1782: 1767: 1744: 1717: 1698: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1661: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1639: 1636: 1608: 1597: 1594: 1559:Henri Lagrange 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1492: 1489: 1477:Maurice Pujo, 1474: 1454:Marius Plateau 1444: 1441: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1388: 1385: 1381:Joseph Darnand 1357:Daniel Cordier 1352: 1349: 1329:Albert Sarraut 1312: 1309: 1290:Prime Minister 1271:Aristide Corre 1238: 1235: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1199: 1188:Armbruster law 1154: 1151: 1100:, the senator 1066: 1063: 1044: 1041: 1003: 1000: 961: 958: 948: 945: 921:Georges Valois 916: 913: 900: 899: 896: 889: 887: 884: 877: 875: 872: 865: 837:, the radical 792:Marius Plateau 779: 776: 767: 764: 743: 740: 739: 738: 735: 728: 726: 723: 716: 714: 711: 704: 669: 666: 665: 664: 655: 648: 646: 637: 630: 628: 619: 612: 574:Joseph Reinach 564: 561: 509: 506: 502:Henri Lagrange 486: 464: 423: 420: 416:count of Paris 336: 333: 321:Marius Plateau 231:Dreyfus affair 210: 207: 205: 202: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 141: 137: 136: 131: 127: 126: 123: 119: 118: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 88:Marius Plateau 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 66: 65:Vice President 62: 61: 55: 51: 50: 45: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5446: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5396: 5394: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5309: 5308: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5287: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 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