332:
201:. This plan called for the creation of 32 new mobilization and training centers, evenly split between the National Army and the National Guard. Each post was to be responsible for organizing and training a complete army division. The National Army camps were equipped with heated barracks and other facilities, while the plan called for National Guard camps, which were needed sooner because National Guard members could be available for training more quickly than draftees, to consist primarily of tents and a small number of temporary structures. As a result of these construction requirements, the War Department intended for most National Guard training sites to be located in the southern United States, where milder winters and warmer temperatures were more prevalent than in the north.
385:
317:
262:
39:
237:
421:
374:, arrived at Camp Wadsworth to begin its training. Tension with the local population, who had been assured that no black soldiers would be sent to Camp Wadsworth, caused the Army to rapidly transport the 369th to France to complete its organization and training. The 369th Infantry was assigned to the
339:
Camp
Wadsworth was used for individual training, including drill and ceremony and bayonet practice; it was also used for unit-level exercises that gave commanders and staff practice at planning and executing large scale maneuvers. In addition, the 27th Division created live fire ranges in the Glassy
303:
The contract to build Camp
Wadsworth was awarded in mid-July, and construction started immediately, with a two-month deadline for completion. Thousands of civilian workers cleared trees, laid pipes for water and sewage, built roads, and erected temporary warehouses and other structures; they were
248:
The land approved for construction of the training camp was a large plateau with rolling hills and small streams. On the east, the selected site was bordered by
Fairforest Creek, the largest stream in the area. On the west, it was bordered by Blackstock Road. At its northern edge, the proposed
392:
Several non-divisional units also organized and trained at Camp
Wadsworth, including anti-aircraft machine gun battalions, signal battalions, corps artillery parks, and pioneer infantry regiments. There were also several military schools on the base, including one for training nurses.
400:; intended as a regiment of non-naturalized volunteers from countries in the Balkans, the unit was only partially organized when the end of the war ended the requirement for more soldiers in Europe, and the proposed unit was demobilized at Camp Wadsworth after the Armistice.
408:
Beginning in
February 1919, the War Department carried out salvage operations at Camp Wadsworth, and reallocated usable equipment and materials to posts which remained open. Several buildings were sold and moved to other locations by the purchasers.
227:
cotton farmers leased part of the land, but most of it was undeveloped and heavily wooded. On July 4, 1917, the landowner leased a 2,000-acre tract to the city; two days later, the mayor conveyed to the federal government permission to use the land.
331:
491:, film director; served in a Camp Wadsworth development battalion, one of the units designed to provide education and training opportunities to soldiers during their off duty hours. Also served in the 58th Pioneer Infantry.
1297:
344:, which served as the primary training sites for rifle, machine gun, and field artillery; these ranges permitted soldiers to gain the live fire experience required for service on the front lines.
204:
Many cities and towns lobbied to have one of the wartime encampments located nearby, anticipating the temporary economic boom such a facility might bring to the local area. The city leaders of
1287:
276:
would be organized and trained at the new
Spartanburg-area camp. Later in the month, the Department of War announced that the facility could be called Camp Wadsworth in honor of
378:, an organization made up of other African-American units like the 369th; the 93rd Division's regiments served in combat after being integrated into French Army brigades.
220:, the commander of the Army's Eastern Department, approved Spartanburg for a National Guard camp in May 1917, after having made personal inspection tours of the area.
504:
384:
1292:
412:
Most of the area which included Camp
Wadsworth is now within the Spartanburg city limits, and has been developed as the Wadsworth Hills residential neighborhood.
990:
381:
The Camp
Wadsworth garrison consisted of several specialty units, including military police, construction workers, cooks and bakers, and a remount depot.
355:
buildings which housed education and training programs, a post theater which featured live performances, and several gymnasiums and athletic fields.
371:
451:
375:
364:
325:
253:, an interurban electric railroad which became its primary rail line. To the south, the future Camp Wadsworth was bordered by Holston's Creek.
1200:
1153:
1100:
1079:
316:
514:
473:
1233:
1132:
341:
285:
198:
776:
774:
367:; the war ended before the 96th Division was completely organized and trained, and it demobilized at Camp Wadsworth in early 1919.
55:
1179:
186:
324:
Occupation of the post began in August; all the units of the New York
National Guard's 6th Division, later federalized as the
213:
250:
208:
were among those who vied for one of these training facilities; their lobbying and marketing efforts were successful, and
166:
273:
190:
556:
205:
162:
28:
370:
The 15th New York
Infantry Regiment, a unit of African-American soldiers and white officers later federalized as the
998:
460:, Maine athlete and coach who served in the 56th Pioneer Infantry Regiment (formerly the 1st Maine Heavy Artillery)
328:
had assembled at Camp Wadsworth by the end of September, and trained there until departing for France in May 1918.
845:
843:
165:, the post was in operation from its opening in July 1917 until it was inactivated in March 1919, following the
531:
444:, musician, officer in the 15th New York Infantry (later the 369th Infantry), and leader of the regimental band
297:
223:
The area chosen for the camp was approximately three miles outside of the city; at the time, a small number of
261:
552:
347:
The Camp Wadsworth cantonment also included facilities for improving soldier welfare and morale, including
429:
236:
38:
560:
467:
463:
747:
745:
1047:
997:. Minneapolis MN: The African American Registry: A Non-Profit Education Organization. Archived from
450:, officer in the 15th New York Infantry (later the 369th Infantry) who was a longtime member of the
884:
882:
849:
424:
Major General John F. O'Ryan, commander of Camp Wadsworth and the 27th Division during World War I.
194:
1027:
441:
293:
277:
265:
178:
158:
363:
In addition to the 27th Division, Camp Wadsworth was the organization and training site for the
916:
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435:
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281:
224:
1060:
The War Record of the Fifth Company, New England Regiment, Second Plattsburg Training Camp
873:
525:
519:
510:
500:
241:
209:
470:
from Vermont who served in the 57th Pioneer Infantry (formerly the 1st Vermont Infantry)
1015:"Tent and Trench: A Web Site Dedicated to the Memory of Camp Wadsworth, Spartanburg SC"
1014:
488:
477:
305:
1281:
482:
457:
397:
572:
Map coordinates 35.13803393046529, -82.33281005217162), 26 miles from the main camp.
420:
217:
674:
672:
1166:"Headstone Applications for Military Veterans, 1925-1963, entry for Don Newland"
966:
182:
154:
142:
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during World War I, and visited the camp for the Thanksgiving holiday in 1917.
289:
1219:
834:
70:
57:
134:
Buildings and equipment salvaged, site developed as residential neighborhood
388:
Recitation room, Army School of Nursing, Camp Wadsworth, South Carolina.
1163:
United States Army Office of the Quartermaster General (May 12, 1951).
1028:"Wadsworth Hills: Active Westside neighborhood set among rolling hills"
559:
were prominent New York politicians; the younger Wadsworth served as a
272:
On July 13, 1917, the War Department indicated that a division of the
1145:
The US Army In World War I: Orders Of Battle; Ground Units, 1917-1919
244:
approved the Spartanburg site where Camp Wadsworth was constructed.
1092:
The African-American Soldier: From Crispus Attucks to Colin Powell
419:
396:
Camp Wadsworth was also the organization and training site of the
383:
330:
315:
260:
235:
1181:
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War
1052:. Fort Detrick, MD: Headquarters, US Army Garrison, Fort Detrick.
861:
782:
Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War
513:, 369th Infantry soldier who was involved in the same action as
352:
348:
1258:
Vermont Public Documents for the Two Years Ending June 30, 1920
940:
438:, Army doctor who was stationed at the Camp Wadsworth hospital
1267:"Chronicle and Comment: Dere Mable: Love Letters of a Rookie"
1234:"During WWI, Camp Wadsworth Brought the World to Spartanburg"
1021:. Spartanburg, SC: Spartanburg County Historical Association.
954:
888:
850:"During WWI, Camp Wadsworth Brought the World to Spartanburg"
1116:. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Wynkoop Hallenbeck Crawford Co.
1049:
Cutting Edge: A History of Fort Detrick, Maryland, 1943-1993
1165:
268:, the Union Army officer for whom Camp Wadsworth was named.
1178:
United States Army War College Historical Section (1949).
902:
43:
27th Division's 1918 map of Camp Wadsworth, South Carolina
917:"Headstone Applications for Military Veterans, 1925-1963"
507:; assigned to the 52nd Pioneer Infantry at Camp Wadsworth
1273:. Vol. XLVII. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead and Company.
719:
1298:
Buildings and structures in Spartanburg, South Carolina
1074:. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
1034:. Spartanburg, SC: City of Spartanburg, South Carolina.
928:
794:
751:
736:
702:
690:
678:
663:
648:
615:
600:
806:
1063:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1254:"History of First Vermont and 57th Pioneer Infantry"
1192:
Postcard History Series: Spartanburg, South Carolina
1071:
Americans All!: Foreign-born Soldiers in World War I
968:
Postcard History Series: Spartanburg, South Carolina
874:"History of First Vermont and 57th Pioneer Infantry"
497:, commander of Camp Wadsworth and the 27th Division
432:, commander of Camp Wadsworth and the 96th Division
138:
130:
115:
100:
95:
87:
48:
21:
1218:
1164:
476:, soldier in the 369th Infantry who received the
193:through a combination of mobilizing units of the
505:Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives
485:, commander of the 27th Division's 53rd Brigade
1288:Closed installations of the United States Army
335:Rifle Range, Glassy Mountain, South Carolina.
8:
754:, p. Appendix B: Non-divisional troops.
304:later assisted by an engineer regiment from
763:
528:, novelist who served in the 27th Division
320:Scaling a climbing wall at Camp Wadsworth.
18:
177:As the United States began to expand the
1057:Fifth Company Records Committee (1922).
820:
534:, officer in the 22nd New York Engineers
503:, attorney and politician who served as
991:"The Harlem Hell Fighters Commissioned"
835:"The Harlem Hell Fighters Commissioned"
584:
544:
1217:Brooklyn Eagle Staff (June 23, 1918).
1195:. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing.
989:The African American Registry (2013).
452:United States House of Representatives
416:Association with prominent individuals
1293:1917 establishments in South Carolina
1184:. Washington, DC: United States Army.
1148:. Takoma Park, MD: General Data LLC.
7:
1127:. New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc.
942:The War Record of the Fifth Company
1260:. Rutland, VT: The Tuttle Company.
1232:Thoms, Susan (February 26, 2012).
739:, p. Appendix B: Base troops.
197:and drafting men into the wartime
14:
1124:African Americans in the Military
890:African Americans in the Military
359:Units stationed at Camp Wadsworth
296:, and had been killed during the
189:planned to enlarge the peacetime
37:
1095:. New York, NY: Citadel Press.
187:United States Department of War
157:-era training facility for the
1173:. Provo, UT: Ancestry.com LLC.
1113:The Story of the 27th Division
904:The Story of the 27th Division
181:in preparation for entry into
1:
1089:Lanning, Michael Lee (2004).
251:Piedmont and Northern Railway
1142:Rinaldi, Richard A. (2005).
1068:Ford, Nancy Gentile (2001).
721:The African-American Soldier
1220:"Official Wadsworth Orders"
1189:Willis, Jeffrey R. (1999).
1026:Hatchette, Charles (2016).
862:"Official Wadsworth Orders"
557:James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr.
163:Spartanburg, South Carolina
29:Spartanburg, South Carolina
16:U.S. Army WWI military post
1314:
1265:The Bookman staff (1918).
1252:Gibson, Ernest W. (1920).
1238:Spartanburg Herald-Journal
1227:. Brooklyn, NY. p. 7.
1046:Covert, Norman M. (1993).
808:The US Army In World War I
517:, and received the French
280:, a prominent resident of
1013:Brooke, Jonathan (2006).
36:
26:
1121:Reef, Catherine (2004).
1110:O'Ryan, John F. (1921).
681:, pp. Chapter 4, 5.
532:Cornelius Vanderbilt III
298:Battle of the Wilderness
955:"Chronicle and Comment"
553:James Wolcott Wadsworth
372:369th Infantry Regiment
274:New York National Guard
1032:cityofspartanburg.org/
425:
389:
336:
321:
269:
249:facility included the
245:
705:, p. Appendix B.
561:United States senator
468:United States Senator
464:Ernest Willard Gibson
423:
387:
334:
319:
264:
239:
71:34.94028°N 81.98611°W
1225:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
931:, p. Chapter 4.
693:, p. Chapter 6.
666:, p. Chapter 7.
651:, p. Chapter 3.
618:, p. Chapter 2.
603:, p. Chapter 1.
284:who had served as a
169:that ended the war.
76:34.94028; -81.98611
67: /
1240:. Spartanburg, SC.
442:James Reese Europe
426:
390:
337:
322:
294:American Civil War
278:James S. Wadsworth
270:
266:James S. Wadsworth
246:
179:United States Army
159:United States Army
1202:978-0-7385-0294-6
1155:978-0-9720296-4-3
1102:978-0-8065-2629-4
1081:978-1-60344-132-2
945:, pp. 41–42.
929:"Tent and Trench"
876:, pp. 25–26.
795:"Wadsworth Hills"
752:"Tent and Trench"
737:"Tent and Trench"
703:"Tent and Trench"
691:"Tent and Trench"
679:"Tent and Trench"
664:"Tent and Trench"
649:"Tent and Trench"
616:"Tent and Trench"
601:"Tent and Trench"
436:Frederick Detrick
342:Greenville County
340:Mountain area of
286:brigadier general
240:Secretary of War
148:
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551:Wadsworth's son
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225:African-American
214:Secretary of War
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995:aaregistry.org/
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526:Edward Streeter
520:Croix de Guerre
511:Needham Roberts
501:Loren R. Pierce
418:
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242:Newton D. Baker
234:
210:Newton D. Baker
175:
161:. Located near
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1019:schistory.net/
1010:
984:
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971:, p. 122.
959:
957:, p. 327.
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909:
907:, p. 145.
895:
893:, p. 145.
878:
866:
854:
839:
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813:
799:
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785:, p. 855.
770:
765:Americans All!
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498:
495:John F. O'Ryan
492:
489:Don O. Newland
486:
480:
478:Medal of Honor
471:
461:
455:
445:
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417:
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405:
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360:
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306:North Carolina
258:
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195:National Guard
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151:Camp Wadsworth
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22:Camp Wadsworth
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1140:
1136:
1134:9781438107752
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1024:
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1016:
1011:
1001:on 2017-04-21
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811:, p. 55.
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768:, p. 63.
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555:and grandson
554:
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521:
516:
515:Henry Johnson
512:
509:
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484:
483:Robert Michie
481:
479:
475:
474:Henry Johnson
472:
469:
465:
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459:
458:Ginger Fraser
456:
454:from New York
453:
449:
448:Hamilton Fish
446:
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398:Slavic Legion
394:
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376:93rd Division
373:
368:
366:
365:96th Division
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326:27th Division
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1180:
1171:Ancestry.com
1170:
1144:
1123:
1112:
1091:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1031:
1018:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
994:
967:
962:
950:
941:
936:
924:
912:
903:
898:
889:
869:
857:
830:
825:, p. 9.
822:Cutting Edge
821:
816:
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430:Guy Carleton
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404:Inactivation
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257:Construction
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218:Leonard Wood
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191:Regular Army
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139:Battles/wars
96:Site history
1271:The Bookman
292:during the
232:Description
206:Spartanburg
183:World War I
155:World War I
143:World War I
116:In use
91:2,000 acres
74: /
49:Coordinates
1282:Categories
1211:Newspapers
1005:2017-04-20
580:References
312:Occupation
290:Union Army
62:81°59′10″W
59:34°56′25″N
1246:Magazines
167:Armistice
123:1917–1919
119:1917–1919
983:Internet
282:New York
173:Creation
978:Sources
288:in the
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31:, U.S.
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216:, and
212:, the
185:, the
153:was a
1040:Books
539:Notes
101:Built
1197:ISBN
1150:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1076:ISBN
353:YWCA
351:and
349:YMCA
131:Fate
108:1917
104:1917
88:Area
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