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426:, features a unique ecosystem in relation to the surrounding area. In fact, according to the U.S. EPA, Campgaw Mountain is in a level III and IV ecoregion that is completely different from the Ramapo Mountains. Specifically, Campgaw Mountain's ecology is defined by its status as a level IV trap rock and conglomerate upland (ecoregion 64b), similar to the nearby
609:
Griffith, Glenn E. and James M. Omernik (Lead
Authors); Environmental Protection Agency (Content source); Mark McGinley (Topic Editor). 2009. "Ecoregions of New Jersey (EPA)." In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council
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The main ridge of the mountain is primarily composed of
Preakness Basalt, being an extension of Second Watchung Mountain, but the northeast corner of the mountain is composed of Orange Mountain Basalt, as the ridge of First Watchung Mountain emerges from surrounding glacial sediments along the north
279:
Campgaw
Mountain extends for three miles approximately north to south along the border of Franklin Lakes, Oakland, and Mahwah. The peak of the mountain rises to 752 feet (229 meters) in Mahwah, becoming the fourth highest peak of Watchungs, though the height of the mountain as measured from its base
382:
Campgaw
Mountain formed as molten rock extruded onto the surface 185 million years ago. At the time the mountain occupied the northern section of an active rift valley running through northern and central New Jersey and part of Pennsylvania. After the rift failed in the early Jurassic, the mountain
338:
A historical account from 1834 indicates that
Campgaw Mountain's summits were once under extensive cultivation. That would seem to explain the numerous stone walls, apparently former property boundaries, running through the woods along the mountain. Another historical work from 1894 detailing New
414:, the ridges of First and Second Watchung Mountain seem to slowly dip back into the Earth before reemerging again as Campgaw Mountain. Despite the apparent gap at the surface, Campgaw Mountain is firmly linked to the rest of the Watchungs by the continuity of the ridges through the anticline.
736:
Thomas
Francis Gordon. Gazetteer of the State of New Jersey – A General View of its Physical and Moral Condition, together with a Topographical and Statistical Account of its Counties, Towns, Villages, Canals, Railroads, &c. Published by D. Fenton, 1834.
430:. Features of this ecoregion include thin, well-drained soils and oak forests. Hemlock forests on northern facing slopes are also common to this ecoregion, and these are characteristically present along the northeastern slope of Campgaw Mountain.
370:. Installed on the mountain between 1955 and 1971, the base's missiles served to guard New York City's air space, standing by to intercept nuclear-armed Soviet bombers. The facility was ultimately abandoned with the advent of
351:, indicating that cultivation along the ridgeline may have declined by that time. Campgaw Mountain was essentially wilderness in 1960 when property on the ridge was taken by the Bergen County Park Commission to create
303:, divides the two ridges, running northwest through a narrow valley along the northeastern corner of the mountain. Second Watchung Mountain comprises the majority of Campgaw Mountain at the surface.
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ranges of the
Watchungs to the south, somewhat isolating the ridge from the rest of the Watchung Mountains despite contiguous geology below the surface. In the north, the mountain terminates at the
468:
There are two 18-hole disc golf courses at
Campgaw. The longer course is called Mighty Gaw and the shorter course has two tees for each hole, which provide suitable tees for most levels of play.
263:, the mountain offers numerous outdoor recreational opportunities, including the only ski slope in the Watchungs. Campgaw Mountain is commonly considered to be part of the greater
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665:. Federal Writer’s Program of the Work Progress Administration of New Jersey. Reissued by the New Jersey Public Library Commission, State House Annex, Trenton, NJ, 1945.
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315:. Evidence of the Lenape presence around Campgaw can be found in a former village that existed on the north side of the mountain, along the south bank of the
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An unusual trait of
Campgaw Mountain is that it is composed of the ridges of both First and Second Watchung Mountain. Fyke Brook, a tributary of the
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296:. Campgaw Mountain also marks the eastern edge of the Ramapo River Valley, forming a sizable basin between itself and the Ramapo Mountains.
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side of main ridge. The combined ridges of First and Second
Watchung Mountain make a slight turn to the west before terminating at the
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region, but the flora and geology of the mountain is quite different from the surrounding area and more closely resembles the nearby
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650:. MacCrellish and Quigley, Printers, Trenton, NJ, 1912. See Page 74, Archaeological Survey, Sites in Northern New Jersey.
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Bedrock Topography and Profiles of Valley-Fill Deposits in the Ramapo River Valley, New Jersey. Geologic Map Series 88-6.
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for Science and the Environment). Published in the Encyclopedia of Earth February 5, 2009; Retrieved October 25, 2009.
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were historically prominent on Campgaw Mountain. Today, chestnuts have been eliminated by the accidental importation of
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Geological Survey of New Jersey – Bulletin 6: Annual Administrative Report of the State Geologist for the year 1911
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The Indians of New Jersey: Their Origin and Development; Manners and Customs; Language, Religion, and Government
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in the early twentieth century. Redcedar, however, is still abundant along the ridgeline, unlike on nearby
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Campgaw Mountain appears somewhat detached from the rest of the Watchungs because it occupies a local
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is generally less than 400 feet (120 meters). A shallow gap exists between Campgaw Mountain and the
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843:. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Accessed October 24, 2009.
827:. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Accessed October 24, 2009.
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being a modern variation of the original spelling. Taken literally, the syllables in the name
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Jersey's forests shows that Campgaw Mountain was covered by a nearly unbroken expanse of
319:. Reflecting on this Native American heritage, the mountain is named for a Lenape chief,
759:
Geological Survey of New Jersey – Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1894
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In addition to the development of the park, Campgaw Mountain saw the construction of a
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Before the arrival of Europeans, Campgaw Mountain was inhabited by Munsee (Minsi)
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was elevated as erosion removed the sandstone and shale surrounding the basalt
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From Pioneer Settlement to Suburb: A History of Mahwah, New Jersey, 1700-1976
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595:. New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, 2009. Accessed October 25, 2009.
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762:. Trenton, NJ: John L. Murphy Publishing Company Printers. p. 235.
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Geological Survey of New Jersey - Bulletin 14 The Geology of New Jersey
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inhabiting Campgaw Mountain and the surrounding area off their land.
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406:(upfold). The effect of this is that, when traveling north from the
700:. The Press Printing and Publishing Company, Paterson, NJ, 1894.
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720:. Lont & Overkamp Pub. Co., Printers, Paterson, NJ, 1919.
802:. Bergen County Historical Society. Accessed October 25, 2009.
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259:, United States. Located almost entirely within the bounds of
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395:, marking the northernmost limit of the Watchung Mountains.
355:. The park, which opened in June 1961, forced many of the
449:, where the tree has been all but extirpated, and in the
637:
New Jersey Geological Survey. Accessed October 25, 2009.
814:. U.S. Geological Survey. Accessed October 25, 2009.
687:. NY-NJ-CT Botany Online. Accessed October 25, 2009.
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856:. Rutgers University Press, Piscataway, NJ, 2002.
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Available via Internet Archive’s American Libraries
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Geographic Provinces: Piedmont - Watchung Mountains
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722:See Chapter II: The Early White Settlers – Page 48
508:Lewis, Joseph Volney & Kümmel, Henry Barnard.
876:Topographic map of Campgaw Mountain with Trails
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776:. A.S. Barnes. South Brunswick, NJ, 1979.
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547:United States Department of the Interior
422:Campgaw Mountain, while adjacent to the
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772:Bischoff, Henry & Kahn, Mitchell.
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1345:Landforms of Bergen County, New Jersey
854:A Guide to Bird Finding in New Jersey
812:NYC Regional Geology, Mesozoic Basins
16:Mountain in New Jersey, United States
7:
663:The Origin of New Jersey Place Names
685:Hiking Campgaw Mountain Reservation
593:Campgaw Mountain County Reservation
538:Geographic Names Information System
372:intercontinental ballistic missiles
453:, where redcedar has become rare.
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1312:Eastern North America Rift Basins
718:Four Chapters of Paterson History
616:available on the U.S. EPA website
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825:Geologic Map of the Newark Basin
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543:United States Geological Survey
366:base during the height of the
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579:See Page 65, Campgaw Mountain
793:Cold War at Campgaw Mountain
463:Campgaw Mountain Reservation
353:Campgaw Mountain Reservation
292:, the western border of the
261:Campgaw Mountain Reservation
42:Campgaw Mountain Reservation
913:Geology of the Newark Basin
716:Shriner, Charles Anthony.
387:flows of Campgaw Mountain.
235:of the volcanically formed
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739:Available via Google Books
706:Available via Google Books
652:Available via Google Books
521:Available via Google Books
357:Ramapough Mountain Indians
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841:Folds in the Newark Basin
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87:41.0542633°N 74.1993123°W
33:
569:(self-published) 2005.
59:752 ft (229 m)
1360:Volcanism of New Jersey
852:Boyle Jr., William J.
92:41.0542633; -74.1993123
1162:Hudson River Palisades
1109:New Germantown/Oldwick
950:Orange Mountain Basalt
331:probably translate to
239:, along the border of
567:Skiing in New Jersey?
1350:Ridges of New Jersey
970:Hook Mountain Basalt
565:Holste, Elizabeth.
433:In addition to oak,
231:is the northernmost
19:For other uses, see
1315: •
1236:Buckingham Mountain
1001:Lockatong Formation
955:Feltville Formation
839:Schlische, Roy W.
823:Schlische, Roy W.
614:. Original version
83: /
1365:Mahwah, New Jersey
1355:Watchung Mountains
1325:Geology portal
1206:Cushetunk Mountain
1177:Clausland Mountain
1053:Watchung Mountains
996:Stockton Formation
798:2006-12-08 at the
696:Nelson, William.
672:2004-12-05 at the
646:Henry B. Kummel.
633:2009-03-27 at the
533:"Campgaw Mountain"
478:Watchung Mountains
237:Watchung Mountains
49:Highest point
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991:Doswell Formation
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782:978-0-498-02218-0
575:978-1-4116-6037-3
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290:Ramapo Fault
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134:Location in
1130:Jacksonwald
1071:Goffle Hill
514:See Page 29
488:Goffle Hill
447:Goffle Hill
412:Goffle Hill
286:Goffle Hill
180:Age of rock
90: /
65:Coordinates
1339:Categories
1198:Intrusions
1187:Snake Hill
1123:Sand Brook
1102:Union Hill
935:Supergroup
924:Formations
552:2009-10-25
494:References
457:Recreation
257:New Jersey
136:New Jersey
78:74°11′58″W
75:41°03′15″N
1095:Ladentown
1033:Traprock
922:Geologic
404:anticline
282:Preakness
275:Geography
202:trap rock
195:extrusive
103:Geography
55:Elevation
1167:High Tor
984:Triassic
943:Jurassic
796:Archived
670:Archived
631:Archived
512:. 1915.
472:See also
439:redcedar
435:chestnut
400:syncline
368:Cold War
349:redcedar
341:chestnut
208:Climbing
162:Topo map
147:Location
1145:Diabase
933:Newark
418:Ecology
378:Geology
329:Kum-Kow
325:Campgaw
321:Kum-Kow
307:History
245:Oakland
198:igneous
174:Geology
21:Campgaw
1269:Faults
1196:Other
1044:Basalt
1035:Ridges
780:
573:
347:, and
313:Lenape
249:Mahwah
247:, and
169:Ramsey
233:ridge
778:ISBN
571:ISBN
437:and
410:and
385:lava
284:and
221:Hike
167:USGS
860:.
724:.
704:.
577:.
345:oak
251:in
1341::
832:^
745:^
600:^
545:,
541:.
535:.
519:.
501:^
374:.
343:,
335:.
255:,
243:,
200:/
153:,
904:e
897:t
890:v
618:.
555:.
23:.
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