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Although the flowers lack nectar, they are very attractive to bees, which come for the pollen. The flowers produce two types of pollen: fertile pollen from the ring stamens, and sterile pollen from the hood structure. The pollinators must work their way between the two areas of stamens as they gather
407:
named flagelliflory. Some trees flower profusely until the entire trunk is covered with racemes. One tree can hold as many as 1000 flowers per day. The flowers are strongly scented, and are especially fragrant at night and in the early morning. They are up to 6 cm (2.4 in) in diameter, with
537:
While the tree is not native to Asia, having only been introduced there in the last 300 years, its identity has been conflated with other trees mentioned in Hindu and
Buddhist scripture, especially the Sal tree. In India and Sri Lanka, the tree is venerated by Hindus, who believe its hooded flowers
420:
The fruits are spherical with a woody shell and reach diameters of up to 25 cm (9.8 in), giving the species the common name "cannonball tree". Smaller fruits may contain about 65 seeds, while large ones can hold as many as 550. One tree can bear 150 fruits. The fruits take up to a year to
550:. The cannonball tree has since then been planted at Buddhist and Hindu religious sites in Asia in the belief that it is the tree of sacred scriptures. In Sri Lanka, Thailand and other Theravada Buddhist countries it has been planted at Buddhist monasteries and other religious sites.
367:. It is native to the tropical forests of Central and South America, and it is cultivated in many other tropical areas throughout the world because of its fragrant flowers and large fruits, which are brownish grey. There are potential medicinal uses for many parts of
513:
Parts of the plant have been used in traditional medicine. It has been used to treat hypertension, tumors, pain, and inflammation, the common cold, stomachache, skin conditions and wounds, malaria, and toothache, although data on its efficacy are lacking.
390:
is a tree that reaches heights of up to 35 m (110 ft). The leaves, which occur in clusters at the ends of branches, are usually 8 to 31 centimeters (3 to 12 inches) long, but can reach lengths of up to 57 cm (22 in).
483:
The seeds are dispersed by animals that feed on the fruits. When the fruits fall to the ground, the hard, woody shell usually cracks open, exposing the pulp and seeds. Fruits that remain whole may be broken open by animals such as
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1443:
625:
577:
408:
six petals, and are typically brightly colored, with the petals ranging from shades of pink and red near the bases to yellowish toward the tips. There are two areas of
371:, and the tree has cultural and religious significance in South and Southeast Asia. In Sri Lanka and India, the cannonball tree has been widely misidentified as the
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220:
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The fruit is edible but is not usually eaten by people because, in contrast to its intensely fragrant flowers, it can have an unpleasant smell.
1361:
379:), after its introduction to the island by the British in 1881, and has been included as a common item in Buddhist temples as a result.
1046:
1013:
844:
Al-Dhabi, N. A.; Balachandran, C.; Raj, M. K.; Duraipandiyan, V.; Muthukumar, C.; Ignacimuthu, S.; Khan, I. A.; Rajput, V. S. (2012).
1438:
421:
mature in most areas, sometimes as long as 18 months. The fruit flesh is white and turns blue upon oxidation, a reaction with air.
637:
469:
is a common pollinator of cultivated trees in Rio de
Janeiro, just outside the tree's native range. Other carpenter bees such as
1257:
1314:
1288:
1448:
814:
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up to 80 cm (31 in) long formed directly from the tree's trunk. They are considered an extreme example of
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is planted as an ornamental for its showy, scented flowers, and as a botanical specimen for its fruit.
738:
412:: a ring of stamens at the center, and an arrangement of stamens that have been modified into a hood.
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52:
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228:
82:
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125:
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475:, as well as wasps, flower flies, and bumblebees, are also known to visit the flowers.
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461:
364:
171:
72:
67:
904:"In Sri Lanka, a South American flower usurps a tree sacred to Buddhists and Hindus"
690:
1405:
489:
1171:
631:
Flower in longitudinal section showing ovary (Jardín Botánico de
Cienfuegos, Cuba)
1158:
1038:
1244:
1141:
547:
529:), and studies are being made of its possible use as a natural dye for fibers.
17:
1084:
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404:
181:
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which may protect them as they pass through the animals' digestive systems.
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885:
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493:
161:
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138:
1223:
789:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 189.
778:
539:
485:
448:
1249:
543:
409:
400:
1103:
488:. Many animals feed on the pulp and seeds, including peccaries, the
941:
Mori, Scott A.; Smith, Nathan P.; Cornejo, X.; Prance, Ghillean T.
1262:
1197:
517:
The fruit and flowers are known to contain the chemical compounds
99:
1184:
846:"Antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm properties of
655:
Fruit at Waimea
Botanical Garden on the island of O‘ahu, Hawaiʻi
1107:
684:
682:
525:, the same blue dye compounds contained by the indigo plant (
492:, and domestic chickens and pigs. The seeds are covered with
1062:
Tayade, Priti B.; Adivarekar, Ravindra V. (2014-10-01).
595:
Inflorescences with flowers in bud (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
1444:
Taxa named by Jean
Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet
1116:
351:, known by a variety of common names including
8:
451:" (an area of north eastern South America).
1033:. Vol. 3. Springer. pp. 133–137.
714:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33969A9825349.en
1104:
897:
895:
854:BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine
542:under which the white stigma looks like a
61:
42:
31:
1083:
1031:Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants
875:
865:
839:
837:
835:
712:
607:Flower buds close up (Maharashtra, India)
270:Couroupita guianensis var. surinamensis
978:. University of Florida. Archived from
943:"Lecythidaceae – the Brazil nut family"
819:United States Department of Agriculture
810:Germplasm Resources Information Network
678:
557:
435:Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusée Aublet
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
733:
731:
1068:and its application on cotton fabric"
7:
1008:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
1429:IUCN Red List least concern species
700:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
25:
1380:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:592385-1
902:Rodrigo, Malaka (27 July 2020).
660:
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
588:
576:
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86:
1464:Trees of northern South America
1064:"Extraction of Indigo dye from
1459:Trees of western South America
1:
815:Agricultural Research Service
1039:10.1007/978-94-007-2534-8_14
546:, and hence, it is grown at
1004:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
667:Tree trunk (Kolkata, India)
1485:
753:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
748:Plants of the World Online
643:Fruits (Tamil Nadu, India)
302:Couroupita saintcroixiana
27:Species of flowering plant
1085:10.1186/s40691-014-0016-3
947:New York Botanical Garden
583:Leaves (Hyderabad, India)
569:Singapore Botanic Gardens
399:The flowers are borne in
318:Couroupita venezuelensis
234:
227:
210:
203:
83:Scientific classification
81:
59:
50:
41:
34:
1439:Plants described in 1775
867:10.1186/1472-6882-12-242
780:"Cannon-ball Tree"
1006:RHS Latin for Gardeners
969:"Couroupita guianensis"
786:Encyclopædia Britannica
433:by the French botanist
310:Couroupita surinamensis
466:Xylocopa brasilianorum
286:Couroupita membranacea
238:Couratari pedicellaris
1148:Couroupita guianensis
1118:Couroupita guianensis
1066:Couroupita guianensis
848:Couroupita guianensis
803:Couroupita guianensis
741:Couroupita guianensis
693:Couroupita guianensis
533:Cultural significance
505:Couroupita guianensis
431:Couroupita guianensis
388:Couroupita guianensis
369:Couroupita guianensis
348:Couroupita guianensis
294:Couroupita peruviana
214:Couroupita guianensis
36:Couroupita guianensis
1449:Least concern plants
1072:Fashion and Textiles
850:Aubl. fruit extract"
707:: e.T33969A9825349.
527:Indigofera tinctoria
273:(Mart. ex Berg) Eyma
254:Couroupita antillana
246:Couroupita acreensis
429:The tree was named
326:Lecythis bracteata
278:Couroupita idolica
53:Conservation status
1029:Lim, T.K. (2012).
967:Brown, Stephen H.
689:Mitré, M. (1998).
472:Xylocopa frontalis
262:Couroupita froesii
196:C. guianensis
1416:
1415:
1336:Open Tree of Life
1110:Taxon identifiers
976:UF/IFAS Extension
344:
343:
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334:Pekea couroupita
330:
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16:(Redirected from
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1454:Medicinal plants
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460:the pollen. The
442:specific epithet
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1469:Trees of Brazil
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985:on 30 June 2017
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425:Scientific name
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361:flowering plant
353:cannonball tree
313:Mart. ex O.Berg
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18:Cannonball tree
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1406:wfo-0000775148
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1048:978-9400725331
1047:
1021:
1015:978-1845337315
1014:
996:
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792:
777:, ed. (1911).
775:Chisholm, Hugh
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538:look like the
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447:means "of the
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377:Shorea robusta
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1434:Lecythidaceae
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548:Shiva temples
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462:carpenter bee
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365:Lecythidaceae
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205:Binomial name
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172:Lecythidaceae
170:
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68:Least Concern
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54:
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37:
33:
30:
19:
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1024:
1005:
999:
987:. Retrieved
980:the original
975:
962:
950:. Retrieved
946:
911:. Retrieved
907:
860:(242): 242.
857:
853:
847:
822:. Retrieved
808:
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757:. Retrieved
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718:. Retrieved
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359:tree in the
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337:Juss. ex DC.
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29:
1245:iNaturalist
1142:Wikispecies
824:21 December
720:18 November
455:Pollination
383:Description
126:Angiosperms
1423:Categories
1354:kew-313712
1349:Plant List
673:References
567:A flower (
500:Human uses
445:guianensis
440:The Latin
405:cauliflory
183:Couroupita
1211:220003416
1094:2198-0802
1078:(1): 16.
989:28 August
952:29 August
913:29 August
759:29 August
523:indirubin
519:indigotin
494:trichomes
486:peccaries
479:Dispersal
437:in 1775.
357:deciduous
190:Species:
96:Kingdom:
1393:17900004
1388:Tropicos
1276:11085814
1263:592385-1
1127:Wikidata
908:Mongabay
886:23206492
229:Synonyms
168:Family:
162:Ericales
152:Asterids
139:Eudicots
73:IUCN 2.3
1310:MoBotPF
1224:3082562
1185:1054983
1133:Q161823
877:3537531
619:Flowers
554:Gallery
449:Guianas
410:stamens
401:racemes
395:Flowers
363:family
355:, is a
321:R.Knuth
305:R.Knuth
265:R.Knuth
249:R.Knuth
241:Rizzini
178:Genus:
158:Order:
100:Plantae
71: (
1362:PLANTS
1341:912102
1315:281687
1289:506154
1156:APDB:
1092:
1045:
1012:
884:
874:
755:. 2024
544:Lingam
416:Fruits
375:tree (
329:Willd.
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